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Okabe M, Sato T, Takahashi M, Honjo A, Okawa M, Ishida M, Kukimoto-Niino M, Shirouzu M, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Autism Spectrum Disorder- and/or Intellectual Disability-Associated Semaphorin-5A Exploits the Mechanism by Which Dock5 Signalosome Molecules Control Cell Shape. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3092-3107. [PMID: 38666924 PMCID: PMC11049140 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46040194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that includes autism, Asperger's syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. Individuals with ASD may exhibit difficulties in social interactions, communication challenges, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. While genetic mutations in individuals with ASD can either activate or inactivate the activities of the gene product, impacting neuronal morphogenesis and causing symptoms, the underlying mechanism remains to be fully established. Herein, for the first time, we report that genetically conserved Rac1 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dock5 signalosome molecules control process elongation in the N1E-115 cell line, a model line capable of achieving neuronal morphological changes. The increased elongation phenotypes observed in ASD and intellectual disability (ID)-associated Semaphorin-5A (Sema5A) Arg676-to-Cys [p.R676C] were also mediated by Dock5 signalosome molecules. Indeed, knockdown of Dock5 using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CasRx-based guide(g)RNA specifically recovered the mutated Sema5A-induced increase in process elongation in cells. Knockdown of Elmo2, an adaptor molecule of Dock5, also exhibited similar recovery. Comparable results were obtained when transfecting the interaction region of Dock5 with Elmo2. The activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), one of the primary signal transduction molecules underlying process elongation, was ameliorated by either their knockdown or transfection. These results suggest that the Dock5 signalosome comprises abnormal signaling involved in the process elongation induced by ASD- and ID-associated Sema5A. These molecules could be added to the list of potential therapeutic target molecules for abnormal neuronal morphogenesis in ASD at the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Okabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Takanari Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mikito Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Asahi Honjo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Maho Okawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Miki Ishida
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mutsuko Kukimoto-Niino
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (M.S.)
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (M.O.); (Y.M.)
- Laboratory for Protein Functional and Structural Biology, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; (M.K.-N.); (M.S.)
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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2
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Mora-Zenil J, Morán J. ROS produced by NOX promote the neurite growth in a PI3K/Akt independent manner. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25259. [PMID: 37840360 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as signaling molecules in several physiologic and pathologic processes. In central nervous system, ROS are critical for differentiation, migration, polarization, and neurite growth. These actions are mediated by reversible oxidation of target proteins. On the other hand, PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is susceptible to be modulated by ROS and it has been implicated in neurite growth. In this study, we evaluated the participation of ROS in the neurite growth of cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGN), as well as the possible regulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by ROS during neurite outgrowth. For this purpose, CGN were treated with cellular or mitochondrial antioxidants, or an NOX inhibitor and neurite growth was evaluated. Moreover, to assess the participation Akt in this process, the p-Akt levels were measured in CGN treated with antioxidants or a NOX inhibitor. The effect of antioxidants on the neurite growth in the presence of a PI3K inhibitor was also measured. We found that cellular antioxidants and the NOX inhibitor decreased the neurite growth, but not the mitochondrial antioxidant. Interestingly, the antioxidants increased the p-Akt levels; however, the effect of antioxidants on neurite growth was no dependent on the Akt activity since the inhibitor of PI3K did not modify the antioxidant action on neurite growth. Our results show that the PI3K/Akt pathway participates in neurite growth and that ROS produced by NOX could function as signals in this process; however, this action is not mediated by a redox regulation of Akt activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Mora-Zenil
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Morán
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Pumar OYT, Zanotelli MR, Lin MCJ, Schmitt RR, Green KS, Rojas KS, Hwang IY, Cerione RA, Wilson KF. A multiprotein signaling complex sustains AKT and mTOR/S6K activity necessary for the survival of cancer cells undergoing stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.01.03.522657. [PMID: 36711811 PMCID: PMC9881951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells encounter stresses during tumor progression and metastatic spread, however, how they survive these challenges is not fully understood. We now identify a mechanism for cancer cell survival through the discovery of a multiprotein signaling complex that includes the GTPase Cdc42, the Cdc42 GEF/effector protein Dock7, AKT, mTOR and the mTORC1 regulatory partners TSC1, TSC2, and Rheb. This pro-survival signaling complex sustains the activated state of AKT by preventing its dephosphorylation at Ser473 during serum starvation, resulting in a low but critical activation of a Raptor-independent mTOR/S6K activity. We demonstrate that the Dock7 DHR1 domain, previously of unknown function, is responsible for preserving AKT phosphorylation through an interaction requiring its C2-like motif. Collectively, these findings help address long-standing questions of how Cdc42 signals mTOR activation by elucidating the unique functions of its signaling partner Dock7 as an AKT regulator necessary for resistance to anoikis and apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miao-chong Joy Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Rebecca R. Schmitt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kai Su Green
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Katherine S. Rojas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Irene Y. Hwang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard A. Cerione
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kristin F. Wilson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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4
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Fukatsu S, Okawa M, Okabe M, Cho M, Isogai M, Yokoi T, Shirai R, Oizumi H, Yamamoto M, Ohbuchi K, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Modulating Golgi Stress Signaling Ameliorates Cell Morphological Phenotypes Induced by CHMP2B with Frontotemporal Dementia-Associated p.Asp148Tyr. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1398-1412. [PMID: 38392208 PMCID: PMC10888485 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Some charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) mutations are associated with autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 7 (FTDALS7). The main aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between the expression of mutated CHMP2B protein displaying FTD symptoms and defective neuronal differentiation. First, we illustrate that the expression of CHMP2B with the Asp148Tyr (D148Y) mutation, which preferentially displays FTD phenotypes, blunts neurite process elongation in rat primary cortical neurons. Similar results were observed in the N1E-115 cell line, a model that undergoes neurite elongation. Second, these effects were also accompanied by changes in neuronal differentiation marker protein expression. Third, wild-type CHMP2B protein was indeed localized in the endosomal sorting complexes required to transport (ESCRT)-like structures throughout the cytoplasm. In contrast, CHMP2B with the D148Y mutation exhibited aggregation-like structures and accumulated in the Golgi body. Fourth, among currently known Golgi stress regulators, the expression levels of Hsp47, which has protective effects on the Golgi body, were decreased in cells expressing CHMP2B with the D148Y mutation. Fifth, Arf4, another Golgi stress-signaling molecule, was increased in mutant-expressing cells. Finally, when transfecting Hsp47 or knocking down Arf4 with small interfering (si)RNA, cellular phenotypes in mutant-expressing cells were recovered. These results suggest that CHMP2B with the D148Y mutation, acting through Golgi stress signaling, is negatively involved in the regulation of neuronal cell morphological differentiation, providing evidence that a molecule controlling Golgi stress may be one of the potential FTD therapeutic targets at the molecular and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoya Fukatsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Maho Okawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Miyu Okabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mizuka Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mikinori Isogai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takanori Yokoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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5
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Martinez-Torres S, Mesquida-Veny F, Del Rio JA, Hervera A. Injury-induced activation of the endocannabinoid system promotes axon regeneration. iScience 2023; 26:106814. [PMID: 37235048 PMCID: PMC10205787 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration after a peripheral nerve injury still remains a challenge, due to the limited regenerative potential of axons after injury. While the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been widely studied for its neuroprotective and analgesic effects, its role in axonal regeneration and during the conditioning lesion remains unexplored. In this study, we observed that a peripheral nerve injury induces axonal regeneration through an increase in the endocannabinoid tone. We also enhanced the regenerative capacity of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons through the inhibition of endocannabinoid degradative enzyme MAGL or a CB1R agonist. Our results suggest that the ECS, via CB1R and PI3K-pAkt pathway activation, plays an important role in promoting the intrinsic regenerative capacity of sensory neurons after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Martinez-Torres
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francina Mesquida-Veny
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Del Rio
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnau Hervera
- Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (CEM-CAT), Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Fukawa M, Shirai R, Torii T, Nakata K, Fukatsu S, Sato T, Homma K, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Extracellular HSPA5 is autocrinally involved in the regulation of neuronal process elongation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 664:50-58. [PMID: 37137223 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which neuronal processes grow are extremely complicated, involving fine-tuned regulation of extracellular and intracellular signals. It remains to be elucidated which molecules are contained in the regulation. Herein, we report for the first time that heat shock protein family A member 5 (HSPA5, also called immunoglobulin heavy chain binding endoplasmic reticulum [ER] protein [BiP]) is secreted from mouse primary dorsal neuronal ganglion (DRG) cells or neuronal cell line N1E-115, a frequently used neuronal differentiation model. Supporting these results, HSPA5 protein was co-localized not only with ER antigen KDEL but also with intracellular vesicles such as Rab11-positive secretory vesicles. Unexpectedly, addition of HSPA5 inhibited elongation of neuronal processes, whereas neutralization of extracellular HSPA5 with the antibodies elongated processes, characterizing extracellular HSPA5 as a negative regulator of neuronal differentiation. Treatment of cells with neutralizing antibodies for low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) did not have significant effects on process elongation, whereas LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1) antibodies promoted differentiation, implying that LRP1 may act as a receptor candidate for HSPA5. Interestingly, extracellular HSPA5 was greatly decreased following treatment with tunicamycin, an ER stress inducer, illustrating that the ability to form neuronal processes could be preserved, even under stress. These results suggest that neuronal HSPA5 itself is secreted to contribute to inhibitory effects on neuronal cell morphological differentiation and can be included on the list of extracellular signaling molecules negatively controlling differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Fukawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Pathophysiology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, 610-0394, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakata
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoya Fukatsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takanari Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan; Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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7
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d’Amati A, Nicolussi A, Miele E, Mastronuzzi A, Rossi S, Gianno F, Buttarelli FR, Minasi S, Lodeserto P, Gardiman MP, Viscardi E, Coppa A, Donofrio V, Giovannoni I, Giangaspero F, Antonelli M. NSD1 Mutations and Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas: A Comparative Genomic Study in Primary and Recurrent Tumors. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010078. [PMID: 36611369 PMCID: PMC9818856 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with a wide variety of molecular features. We performed whole exome sequencing and methylation profiling on matched primary and recurrent tumors from four pediatric patients with hemispheric high-grade gliomas. Genetic analysis showed the presence of some variants shared between primary and recurrent tumors, along with other variants exclusive of primary or recurrent tumors. NSD1 variants, all novel and not previously reported, were present at high frequency in our series (100%) and were all shared between the samples, independently of primary or recurrence. For every variant, in silico prediction tools estimated a high probability of altering protein function. The novel NSD1 variant (c.5924T > A; p.Leu1975His) was present in one in four cases at recurrence, and in two in four cases at primary. The novel NSD1 variant (c.5993T > A; p.Met1998Lys) was present in one in four cases both at primary and recurrence, and in one in four cases only at primary. The presence of NSD1 mutations only at recurrence may suggest that they can be sub-clonal, while the presence in both primary and recurrence implies that they can also represent early and stable events. Furthermore, their presence only in primary, but not in recurrent tumors, suggest that NSD1 mutations may also be influenced by treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio d’Amati
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Arianna Nicolussi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianno
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Buttarelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Minasi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Lodeserto
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Paola Gardiman
- Surgical Pathology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Viscardi
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Donofrio
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, 80129 Naples, Italy
| | - Isabella Giovannoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-Pathological Sciences, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Dessay M, Couture E, Maaroufi H, Fournier F, Gagnon E, Droit A, Brown JP, Michou L. Attenuated clinical and osteoclastic phenotypes of Paget's disease of bone linked to the p.Pro392Leu/SQSTM1 mutation by a rare variant in the DOCK6 gene. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:41. [PMID: 35241069 PMCID: PMC8895793 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We identified two families with Paget's disease of bone (PDB) linked to the p.Pro392Leu mutation within the SQSTM1 gene displaying a possible digenism. This study aimed at identifying this second genetic variant cosegregating with the p.Pro392Leu mutation and at characterizing its impact on the clinical and cellular phenotypes of PDB. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed in one patient per family and two healthy controls. We compared clinical characteristics of PDB in 14 relatives from the two families. The osteoclastic phenotype was compared in in vitro differentiated osteoclasts from 31 participants carrying the DOCK6 and/or SQSTM1 variants. Tridimensional models of SQSTM1 and DOCK6 proteins were generated to evaluate the impact of these variants on their stability and flexibility. Statistical analyses were performed with Graphpad prism. Results Whole-exome sequencing allowed us to identify the p.Val45Ile missense variant in the DOCK6 gene in patients. In both families, the mean age at PDB diagnosis was delayed in pagetic patients carrier of the p.Val45Ile variant alone compared to those carrying the p.Pro392Leu mutation alone (67 vs. 44 years, P = 0.03). Although both p.Val45Ile and p.Pro392Leu variants gave rise to a pagetic phenotype of osteoclast versus healthy controls, the p.Val45Ile variant was found to attenuate the severity of the osteoclastic phenotype of PDB caused by the p.Pro392Leu mutation when both variants were present. The DOCK6 mRNA expression was higher in carriers of the p.Val45Ile variant than in pagetic patients without any mutations and healthy controls. Structural bioinformatics analyses suggested that the p.Pro392Leu mutation might rigidify the UBA domain and thus decrease its possible intramolecular interaction with a novel domain, the serum response factor–transcription factor (SRF-TF)-like domain, whereas the p.Val45Ile variant may decrease SRF-TF-like activity. Conclusion The p.Val45Ile variant may attenuate the severity of the clinical phenotype of PDB in patient carriers of both variants. In vitro, the rare variant of the DOCK6 may have a modifier effect on the p.Pro392Leu mutation, possibly via its effect on the SRF-TF-like. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01198-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Dessay
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Emile Couture
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Halim Maaroufi
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative Et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fournier
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Edith Gagnon
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques P Brown
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada. .,Department of Rheumatology-R4774, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Homma K, Oizumi H, Ohbuchi K, Mizoguchi K, Takashima S, Yamauchi J. The adaptor SH2B1 and the phosphatase PTP4A1 regulate the phosphorylation of cytohesin-2 in myelinating Schwann cells in mice. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabi5276. [PMID: 35077201 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi5276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mature myelin sheaths insulate axons to increase nerve conduction velocity and protect nerve fibers from stress and physical injury. In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath is produced by Schwann cells. The guanine-nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2 activates the protein Arf6 to promote Schwann cell myelination. Here, we investigated the regulation of cytohesin-2 and found that the phosphorylation status of Tyr381 in cytohesin-2 is central to Schwann cell myelination. Knockin mice with a nonphosphorylatable Y381F mutation in cytohesin-2 exhibited reduced myelin thickness and decreased Arf6 activity in sciatic nerve tissue. In HEK293T cells, cytohesin-2 was dephosphorylated at Tyr381 by the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A1, whereas phosphorylation at this site was maintained by interaction with the adaptor protein SH2B1. Schwann cell-specific knockdown of PTP4A1 in mice increased cytohesin-2 phosphorylation and myelin thickness. Conversely, Schwann cell-specific loss of SH2B1 resulted in reduced myelin thickness and decreased cytohesin-2 phosphorylation. Thus, a signaling unit centered on cytohesin-2-with SH2B1 as a positive regulator and PTP4A1 as a negative regulator-controls Schwann cell myelination in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Pathophysiology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Oizumi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuya Ohbuchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Kazushige Mizoguchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Inashiki, Ibaraki 200-1192, Japan
| | - Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
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10
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Bryant JP, Levy A, Heiss J, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK. Review of PP2A Tumor Biology and Antitumor Effects of PP2A Inhibitor LB100 in the Nervous System. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123087. [PMID: 34205611 PMCID: PMC8235527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Central and peripheral nervous system tumors represent a heterogenous group of neoplasms which often demonstrate resistance to treatment. Given that these tumors are often refractory to conventional therapy, novel pharmaceutical regimens are needed for successfully treating this pathology. One such therapeutic is the serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, LB100. LB100 is a water-soluble competitive protein phosphtase inhibitor that has demonstrated antitumor effects in preclinical and clinical trials. In this review, we aim to summarize current evidence demonstrating the efficacy of LB100 as an inhibitor of nervous system tumors. Furthermore, we review the involvement of the well-studied phosphatase, protein phosphatase 2A, in oncogenic cell signaling pathways, neurophysiology, and neurodevelopment. Abstract Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase implicated in a wide variety of regulatory cellular functions. PP2A is abundant in the mammalian nervous system, and dysregulation of its cellular functions is associated with myriad neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, PP2A has oncologic implications, recently garnering attention and emerging as a therapeutic target because of the antitumor effects of a potent PP2A inhibitor, LB100. LB100 abrogation of PP2A is believed to exert its inhibitory effects on tumor progression through cellular chemo- and radiosensitization to adjuvant agents. An updated and unifying review of PP2A biology and inhibition with LB100 as a therapeutic strategy for targeting cancers of the nervous system is needed, as other reviews have mainly covered broader applications of LB100. In this review, we discuss the role of PP2A in normal cells and tumor cells of the nervous system. Furthermore, we summarize current evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of LB100 for treating solid tumors of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bryant
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.-P.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Adam Levy
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - John Heiss
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.-P.B.); (J.H.)
| | - Yeshavanth Kumar Banasavadi-Siddegowda
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (J.-P.B.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-451-0970
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11
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Thompson AP, Bitsina C, Gray JL, von Delft F, Brennan PE. RHO to the DOCK for GDP disembarking: Structural insights into the DOCK GTPase nucleotide exchange factors. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100521. [PMID: 33684443 PMCID: PMC8063744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family consists of 11 structurally conserved proteins that serve as atypical RHO guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RHO GEFs). These regulatory proteins act as mediators in numerous cellular cascades that promote cytoskeletal remodeling, playing roles in various crucial processes such as differentiation, migration, polarization, and axon growth in neurons. At the molecular level, DOCK DHR2 domains facilitate nucleotide dissociation from small GTPases, a process that is otherwise too slow for rapid spatiotemporal control of cellular signaling. Here, we provide an overview of the biological and structural characteristics for the various DOCK proteins and describe how they differ from other RHO GEFs and between DOCK subfamilies. The expression of the family varies depending on cell or tissue type, and they are consequently implicated in a broad range of disease phenotypes, particularly in the brain. A growing body of available structural information reveals the mechanism by which the catalytic DHR2 domain elicits nucleotide dissociation and also indicates strategies for the discovery and design of high-affinity small-molecule inhibitors. Such compounds could serve as chemical probes to interrogate the cellular function and provide starting points for drug discovery of this important class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Bitsina
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Janine L Gray
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Frank von Delft
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Medicines Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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12
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Terao M, Takada S, Tanoue A, Katoh H, Yamauchi J. Rnd2 differentially regulates oligodendrocyte myelination at different developmental periods. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:769-787. [PMID: 33596091 PMCID: PMC8108512 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-05-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the CNS, oligodendrocyte precursor cells differentiate into oligodendrocytes to wrap their plasma membranes around neuronal axons, generating mature neural networks with myelin sheaths according to spatial and temporal patterns. While myelination is known to be one of the most dynamic cell morphological changes, the overall intrinsic and extrinsic molecular cues controlling myelination remain to be fully clarified. Here, we describe the biphasic roles of Rnd2, an atypical branch of the Rho family GTPase, in oligodendrocyte myelination during development and after maturation in mice. Compared with littermate controls, oligodendrocyte-specific Rnd2 knockout mice exhibit decreased myelin thickness at the onset of myelination but increased myelin thickness in the later period. Larger proportions of Rho kinase and its substrate Mbs, the signaling unit that negatively regulates oligodendrocyte myelination, are phosphorylated at the onset of myelination, while their smaller proportions are phosphorylated in the later period. In addition, we confirm the biphasic role of Rnd2 through experiments with oligodendrocyte-specific Rnd2 transgenic mice. We conclude that Rnd2 positively regulates myelination in the early myelinating period and negatively regulates myelination in the later period. This unique modulator thus plays different roles depending on the myelination period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Brain Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Miho Terao
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hironori Katoh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
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13
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Benson CE, Southgate L. The DOCK protein family in vascular development and disease. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:417-433. [PMID: 33548004 PMCID: PMC8292242 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vascular network is established and maintained through the processes of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, which are tightly regulated during embryonic and postnatal life. The formation of a functional vasculature requires critical cellular mechanisms, such as cell migration, proliferation and adhesion, which are dependent on the activity of small Rho GTPases, controlled in part by the dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) protein family. Whilst the majority of DOCK proteins are associated with neuronal development, a growing body of evidence has indicated that members of the DOCK family may have key functions in the control of vasculogenic and angiogenic processes. This is supported by the involvement of several angiogenic signalling pathways, including chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), in the regulation of specific DOCK proteins. This review summarises recent progress in understanding the respective roles of DOCK family proteins during vascular development. We focus on existing in vivo and in vitro models and known human disease phenotypes and highlight potential mechanisms of DOCK protein dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Benson
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Laura Southgate
- Genetics Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK. .,Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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14
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Yin W, Han H, Miller H, Li J, Herrada AA, Kubo M, Sui Z, Gong Q, Liu C. The regulation of DOCK family proteins on T and B cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:383-394. [PMID: 32542827 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0520-221rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) family proteins consist of 11 members, each of which contains 2 domains, DOCK homology region (DHR)-1 and DHR-2, and as guanine nucleotide exchange factors, they mediate activation of small GTPases. Both DOCK2 and DOCK8 deficiencies in humans can cause severe combined immunodeficiency, but they have different characteristics. DOCK8 defect mainly causes high IgE, allergic disease, refractory skin virus infection, and increased incidence of malignant tumor, whereas DOCK2 defect mainly causes early-onset, invasive infection with less atopy and increased IgE. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms causing the disease remain unclear. This paper discusses the role of DOCK family proteins in regulating B and T cells, including development, survival, migration, activation, immune tolerance, and immune functions. Moreover, related signal pathways or molecule mechanisms are also described in this review. A greater understanding of DOCK family proteins and their regulation of lymphocyte functions may facilitate the development of new therapeutics for immunodeficient patients and improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Hematology of Liyuan Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- The Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andres A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidad Autonoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Masato Kubo
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Zhiwei Sui
- Division of Medical and Biological Measurement, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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15
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Adhikari B, De Silva B, Molina JA, Allen A, Peck SH, Lee SY. Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis related ER membrane protein CLN8 regulates PP2A activity and ceramide levels. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:322-328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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16
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Resistance protein Pit interacts with the GEF OsSPK1 to activate OsRac1 and trigger rice immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11551-E11560. [PMID: 30446614 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1813058115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance (R) genes encode intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) family proteins that serve as critical plant immune receptors to induce effector-triggered immunity (ETI). NLR proteins possess a tripartite domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal variable region, a central nucleotide-binding domain, and a C-terminal leucine-rich repeat. N-terminal coiled-coil (CC) or Toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domains of R proteins appear to serve as platforms to trigger immune responses, because overexpression of the CC or TIR domain of some R proteins is sufficient to induce an immune response. Because direct downstream signaling molecules of R proteins remain obscure, the molecular mechanisms by which R proteins regulate downstream signaling are largely unknown. We reported previously that a rice R protein named Pit triggers ETI through a small GTPase, OsRac1, although how Pit activates OsRac1 is unclear. Here, we identified OsSPK1, a DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factor, as an interactor of Pit and activator for OsRac1. OsSPK1 contributes to signaling by two disease-resistance genes, Pit and Pia, against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and facilitates OsRac1 activation in vitro and in vivo. The CC domain of Pit is required for its binding to OsSPK1, OsRac1 activation, and the induction of cell death. Overall, we conclude that OsSPK1 is a direct and key signaling target of Pit-mediated immunity. Our results shed light on how R proteins trigger ETI through direct downstream molecules.
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17
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Tatsumi Y, Matsumoto N, Iibe N, Watanabe N, Torii T, Sango K, Homma K, Miyamoto Y, Sakagami H, Yamauchi J. CMT type 2N disease-associated AARS mutant inhibits neurite growth that can be reversed by valproic acid. Neurosci Res 2018; 139:69-78. [PMID: 30261202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is composed of a heterogeneous group of hereditary peripheral neuropathies. The peripheral nervous system primarily comprises two types of cells: neuronal cells and myelinating glial Schwann cells. CMT2 N is an autosomal dominant disease and its responsible gene encodes alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AARS), which is a family of cytoplasmic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. CMT2 N is associated with the mutation, including a missense mutation, which is known to decrease the enzymatic activity of AARS, but whether and how its mutation affects AARS localization and neuronal process formation remains to be understood. First, we show that the AARS mutant harboring Asn71-to-Tyr (N71Y) is not localized in cytoplasm. The expression of AARS mutant proteins in COS-7 cells mainly leads to localization into lysosome, whereas the wild type is indeed localized in cytoplasm. Second, in N1E-115 cells as the neuronal cell model, cells expressing the N71Y mutant do not have the ability to grow processes. Third, pretreatment with antiepileptic valproic acid reverses the inhibitory effect of the N71Y mutant on process growth. Taken together, the N71Y mutation of AARS leads to abnormal intracellular localization, inhibiting process growth, yet this inhibition is reversed by valproic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Tatsumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Noriko Iibe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0734, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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18
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Urai Y, Yamawaki M, Watanabe N, Seki Y, Morimoto T, Tago K, Homma K, Sakagami H, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Pull down assay for GTP-bound form of Sar1a reveals its activation during morphological differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2047-2053. [PMID: 30078678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular molecular transport system is a basic and general cellular mechanism that is regulated by an array of signaling molecules. Sar1 small GTPases are molecules that play a key role in controlling vehicle transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi bodies. Like other small GTPases, the activities of Sar1a depend on their guanine-nucleotide-binding states, which are regulated by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Despite the well-known function of mammalian Sar1 in the intracellular transport system, little is known about when and how Sar1 is activated during cell morphological changes. Here we show that the C-terminal, but not the N-terminal, regions of Sec23A and Sec23B, the effector proteins of Sar1a, specifically bind to the active, GTP-bound form of Sar1a. An affinity precipitation (pull-down) assay using a recombinant C-terminal region of Sec23B reveals that Sar1a is activated following differentiation in neuronal cell lines. In neuronal N1E-115 cells, GTP-bound Sar1a is increased when cells elongate neuronal processes. Similar results are observed in morphological differentiation in oligodendroglial FBD-102b cells. Additionally, prolactin regulatory element binding (PREB), the GEF for Sar1 (Sar1 activator), increases the binding ability to the nucleotide-free form of Sar1a when morphological differentiation occurs. Nucleotide-free small GTPases preferentially interact with the cognate, active GEFs. These results provide evidence that using previously unreported pull down assays reveals that Sar1 and PREB are upregulated following the induction of morphological differentiation, suggesting the potential role of signaling through Sar1a during morphological differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Urai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Minami Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoich Seki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takako Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kenji Tago
- Division of Structural Biochemistry, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-0816, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0734, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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19
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Matsumoto N, Kaneko M, Watanabe N, Itaoka M, Seki Y, Morimoto T, Torii T, Miyamoto Y, Keiichi Homma, Yamauchi J. Treacher Collins syndrome 3 (TCS3)-associated POLR1C mutants are localized in the lysosome and inhibits chondrogenic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:78-85. [PMID: 29567474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is a craniofacial developmental disorder whose key feature is a combination of symptoms. For example, a patient could have bilateral downward slanting of the palpebral fissures, colobomas of the lower eyelids, hypoplasia of the facial bones, cleft palate, malformation of the external ears, and atresia of the external auditory canals. TCS3 is caused by mutations of the polr1c gene, which encodes RNA polymerase I and III subunit C (POLR1C). There have been two known missense mutations (Arg279-to-Gln [R279Q] and Arg279-to-Trp [R279W]) at the Arg-279 position. However, it remains to be clarified whether or how both or each individual mutation affects the cellular properties of POLR1C. Here we show that TCS3-associated missense mutations cause aberrant intracellular localization of POLR1C, inhibiting chondrogenic differentiation. The wild type POLR1C is normally localized in the nuclei. The R279Q or R279W mutant is primarily found to be localized in the lysosome. Expression of the R279Q or R279W mutant in mouse chondrogenic ATDC5 cells decreases phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and ribosomal S6 proteins, which belong to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling involved in critical roles in the lysosome. Furthermore, expression of the R279Q or R279W mutant inhibits chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells. Taken together, TCS3-associated mutation leads to the localization of POLR1C into the lysosome and inhibits chondrogenic differentiation, possibly explaining a portion of the pathological molecular basis underlying Treacher Collins syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Minami Kaneko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Misa Itaoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoich Seki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takako Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Keiichi Homma
- Department of Life Science and Informatics, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.
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Li X, Jiang M, Chen D, Xu B, Wang R, Chu Y, Wang W, Zhou L, Lei Z, Nie Y, Fan D, Shang Y, Wu K, Liang J. miR-148b-3p inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by inhibiting the Dock6/Rac1/Cdc42 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:71. [PMID: 29587866 PMCID: PMC5872400 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Our previous work showed that some Rho GTPases, including Rho, Rac1 and Cdc42, play critical roles in gastric cancer (GC); however, how they are regulated in GC remains largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of Dock6, an atypical Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), in GC metastasis. Methods The expression levels of Dock6 and miR-148b-3p in GC tissues and paired nontumor tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH), respectively. The correlation between Dock6/miR-148b-3p expression and the overall survival of GC patients was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. The roles of Dock6 and miR-148b-3p in GC were investigated by in vitro and in vivo functional studies. Rac1 and Cdc42 activation was investigated by GST pull-down assays. The inhibition of Dock6 transcription by miR-148b-3p was determined by luciferase reporter assays. Results A significant increase in Dock6 expression was found in GC tissues compared with nontumor tissues, and its positive expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and a higher TNM stage. Patients with positive Dock6 expression exhibited shorter overall survival periods than patients with negative Dock6 expression. Dock6 promoted GC migration and invasion by increasing the activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. miR-148b-3p expression was negatively correlated with Dock6 expression in GC, and it decreased the motility of GC cells by inhibiting the Dock6/Rac1/Cdc42 axis. Conclusions Dock6 was over-expressed in GC tissues, and its positive expression was associated with GC metastasis and indicated poor prognosis of GC patients. Targeting of Dock6 by miR-148b-3p could activate Rac1 and Cdc42, directly affecting the motility of GC cells. Targeting the Dock6-Rac1/Cdc42 axis could serve as a new therapeutic strategy for GC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0729-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Mingzuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710004, China
| | - Rui Wang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics & Biotheraphy, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yi Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Weijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhijie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yulong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jie Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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Watanabe N, Itakaoka M, Seki Y, Morimoto T, Homma K, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Dystonia-4 (DYT4)-associated TUBB4A mutants exhibit disorganized microtubule networks and inhibit neuronal process growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:346-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Tsuneishi R, Matsumoto N, Itaoka M, Urai Y, Kaneko M, Watanabe N, Takashima S, Seki Y, Morimoto T, Sakagami H, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J. Data on the effect of knockout of cytohesin-1 in myelination-related protein kinase signaling. Data Brief 2017; 15:234-239. [PMID: 29022003 PMCID: PMC5633161 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytohesin-1 is the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor of Arf6, a small GTPase of Arf family, and participates in cellular morphological changes. Knockout mice of cytohesin-1 exhibit decreased myelination of neuronal axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) "Phosphorylation of cytohesin-1 by Fyn is required for initiation of myelination and the extent of myelination during development (Yamauchi et al., 2012) [1]". Herein we provide the data regarding decreased phosphorylation levels of protein kinases involved in two major myelination-related kinase cascades in cytohesin-1 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruri Tsuneishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Misa Itaoka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Yuri Urai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Minami Kaneko
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Shou Takashima
- Glycobiology Research Unit, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yoichi Seki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Takako Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0355, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Correspondence to: Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Neurology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Tanoue A, Kawahara K, Arai M, Tsumura H, Ogata T, Nagao M, Terada N, Yamamoto M, Takashima S, Yamauchi J. Neuregulin-1 type III knockout mice exhibit delayed migration of Schwann cell precursors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:506-513. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cerikan B, Schiebel E. Mechanism of cell-intrinsic adaptation to Adams-Oliver Syndrome gene DOCK6 disruption highlights ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 as a regulator of RHO GTPases. Small GTPases 2017; 10:210-217. [PMID: 28287327 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2017.1297882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
DOCK6 is a RAC1/CDC42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, however, little is known about its function and sub-cellular localization. DOCK6 regulates the balance between RAC1 and RHOA activity during cell adhesion and is important for CDC42-dependent mitotic chromosome alignment. Surprisingly, a cell intrinsic adaptation mechanism compensates for errors in these DOCK6 functions that arise as a consequence of prolonged DOCK6 depletion or complete removal in DOCK6 knockout cells. Down-regulation of the ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 accounts for this adaptation. Strikingly, although most other DOCK family proteins are deployed on the plasma membrane, here we show that DOCK6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in dependence of its DHR-1 domain. ER localization of DOCK6 opens up new insights into its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berati Cerikan
- a Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- a Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, DKFZ-ZMBH Allianz , Heidelberg , Germany
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Protein Phosphatase 2A: a Double-Faced Phosphatase of Cellular System and Its Role in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1750-1761. [PMID: 28224476 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase, is a vitally important phosphatase for the cellular system. Structurally, it is constituted of three different subunits, namely catalytic subunit (PP2Ac), structural scaffold subunit (PP2A-A), and regulatory subunit (PP2A-B). All subunits have various isoforms, and catalytic and scaffold subunits are ubiquitously expressed, whereas regulatory subunits are more specific to tissue and cell type. It is the numerous possibilities of PP2A holoenzyme assembly with varying isoform components that make it possess a dual nature of activator or the inhibitory character in different signaling pathways, namely neural developmental pathways, Akt/protein kinase B pathway, NF-kB pathway, MAPK pathway, apoptosis pathway, and cell cycle progression to name a few. Importantly, the expression of PP2A in the brain is highest among the serine phosphatases and is known to actively participate in the neural development process. However, the exact mechanism of action of PP2A is still debated and enunciating the holoenzyme components, especially the regulatory subunit of PP2A involved in regulating neural developmental process is still poorly understood. In this review, we try to throw some light on the involvement of various PP2A holoenzyme forms in the process of neurogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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26
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Yamashita T, Miyamoto Y, Bando Y, Ono T, Kobayashi S, Doi A, Araki T, Kato Y, Shirakawa T, Suzuki Y, Yamauchi J, Yoshida S, Sato N. Differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from dissociated monolayer and feeder-free cultured pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171947. [PMID: 28192470 PMCID: PMC5305255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons and form myelin sheaths in the central nervous system. The development of therapies for demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis and leukodystrophies, is a challenge because the pathogenic mechanisms of disease remain poorly understood. Primate pluripotent stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes are expected to help elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases. Oligodendrocytes have been successfully differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. However, it is challenging to prepare large amounts of oligodendrocytes over a short amount of time because of manipulation difficulties under conventional primate pluripotent stem cell culture methods. We developed a proprietary dissociated monolayer and feeder-free culture system to handle pluripotent stem cell cultures. Because the dissociated monolayer and feeder-free culture system improves the quality and growth of primate pluripotent stem cells, these cells could potentially be differentiated into any desired functional cells and consistently cultured in large-scale conditions. In the current study, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes were generated within three months from monkey embryonic stem cells. The embryonic stem cell-derived oligodendrocytes exhibited in vitro myelinogenic potency with rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Additionally, the transplanted oligodendrocyte progenitor cells differentiated into myelin basic protein-positive mature oligodendrocytes in the mouse corpus callosum. This preparative method was used for human induced pluripotent stem cells, which were also successfully differentiated into oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes that were capable of myelinating rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Moreover, it was possible to freeze, thaw, and successfully re-culture the differentiating cells. These results showed that embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells maintained in a dissociated monolayer and feeder-free culture system have the potential to generate oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes in vitro and in vivo. This culture method could be applied to prepare large amounts of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and mature oligodendrocytes in a relatively short amount of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamashita
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Bando
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Ono
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sakurako Kobayashi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayano Doi
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Araki
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kato
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takayuki Shirakawa
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigetaka Yoshida
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoya Sato
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- MP Healthcare Venture Management, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Hoffman A, Taleski G, Sontag E. The protein serine/threonine phosphatases PP2A, PP1 and calcineurin: A triple threat in the regulation of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 84:119-131. [PMID: 28126489 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule, F-actin and neurofilament networks play a critical role in neuronal cell morphogenesis, polarity and synaptic plasticity. Significantly, the assembly/disassembly and stability of these cytoskeletal networks is crucially modulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events. Herein, we aim to more closely examine the role played by three major neuronal Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, PP2A, PP1 and calcineurin, in the homeostasis of the neuronal cytoskeleton. There is strong evidence that these enzymes interact with and dephosphorylate a variety of cytoskeletal proteins, resulting in major regulation of neuronal cytoskeletal dynamics. Conversely, we also discuss how multi-protein cytoskeletal scaffolds can also influence the regulation of these phosphatases, with important implications for neuronal signalling and homeostasis. Not surprisingly, deregulation of these cytoskeletal scaffolds and phosphatase dysfunction are associated with many neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffman
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Goce Taleski
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Estelle Sontag
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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VCAM1 acts in parallel with CD69 and is required for the initiation of oligodendrocyte myelination. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13478. [PMID: 27876794 PMCID: PMC5476804 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes differentiate to wrap their plasma membranes around axons, forming the myelin sheath. A neuronal cue is one of the regulator elements controlling this process. Here, we demonstrate that VCAM1, which plays a key role throughout the immune system, is also expressed in oligodendrocytes, where it regulates the initiation of myelination. VCAM1 knockout mice exhibit reduced myelin thickness. Decreased myelin thickness is also observed in mutant mice of α4 integrin, which is a neuronal VCAM1 ligand. Furthermore, CD69 is identified as one of the transcripts downregulated when VCAM1 is knocked down in oligodendrocytes. Knockdown of CD69 in mice indicates its role in myelination. Therefore, VCAM1 contributes not only to the initiation of myelination but also to its regulation through controlling the abundance of CD69, demonstrating that an intercellular molecule whose primary role is in the immune system can also play an unexpected role in the CNS. The vascular cell adhesion molecule VCAM1 plays a role in the immune system but is also expressed in oligodendrocytes. Here, the authors find VCAM1 interacts with neuronal α4 integrin to regulate oligodendrocyte differentiation and thereby myelination, an effect mediated by downstream CD69 signalling.
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Makinodan M, Ikawa D, Miyamoto Y, Yamauchi J, Yamamuro K, Yamashita Y, Toritsuka M, Kimoto S, Okumura K, Yamauchi T, Fukami SI, Yoshino H, Wanaka A, Kishimoto T. Social isolation impairs remyelination in mice through modulation of IL-6. FASEB J 2016; 30:4267-4274. [PMID: 27613805 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that social experience affects myelination. These findings have important implications for disorders that feature abnormal myelination, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), as previous studies have shown that psychosocial stress exacerbates the pathobiology of MS. However, most studies have focused on psychosocial stress during the demyelination phase of MS and have not investigated the effects of social experience on remyelination. Thus, the current study sought to determine whether social experience can alter remyelination after myelin depletion. Myelin in the mouse medial prefrontal cortex was depleted with cuprizone, and the effects of subsequent social isolation on remyelination were evaluated. Remyelination was severely impaired in socially isolated mice. Social isolation also increased IL-6 levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, and administration of an IL-6 inhibitor (ND50 = 0.01-0.03 μg for 0.25 ng/ml IL-6) ameliorated remyelination impairments. Consistent with this result, IL-6 administration (ED50 = 0.02-0.06 ng/ml) disturbed remyelination. In addition, neuron-oligodendrocyte coculture experiments showed that IL-6 treatment (ED50 ≤ 0.02 ng/ml) markedly impeded myelination, which was recovered with IL-6 inhibitor administration (ND50 = 0.01-0.03 μg for 0.25 ng/ml IL-6). This study provides the first direct evidence, to our knowledge, that social experience influences remyelination via modulation of IL-6 expression. These findings indicate that psychosocial stress may disturb remyelination through regulation of IL-6 expression in patients with such demyelinating diseases that involve remyelination as MS.-Makinodan, M., Ikawa, D., Miyamoto, Y., Yamauchi, J., Yamamuro, K., Yamashita, Y., Toritsuka, M., Kimoto, S., Okumura, K., Yamauchi, T., Fukami, S., Yoshino, H., Wanaka, A., Kishimoto, T. Social isolation impairs remyelination in mice through modulation of IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan;
| | - Daisuke Ikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamuro
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamashita
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Michihiro Toritsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Sohei Kimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okumura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Takahira Yamauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Fukami
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Akio Wanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Kishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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The Adaptor Protein CD2AP Is a Coordinator of Neurotrophin Signaling-Mediated Axon Arbor Plasticity. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4259-75. [PMID: 27076424 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2423-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth of intact axons of noninjured neurons, often termed collateral sprouting, contributes to both adaptive and pathological plasticity in the adult nervous system, but the intracellular factors controlling this growth are largely unknown. An automated functional assay of genes regulated in sensory neurons from the rat in vivo spared dermatome model of collateral sprouting identified the adaptor protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP; human CMS) as a positive regulator of axon growth. In non-neuronal cells, CD2AP, like other adaptor proteins, functions to selectively control the spatial/temporal assembly of multiprotein complexes that transmit intracellular signals. Although CD2AP polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, its role in axon growth is unknown. Assessments of neurite arbor structure in vitro revealed CD2AP overexpression, and siRNA-mediated knockdown, modulated (1) neurite length, (2) neurite complexity, and (3) growth cone filopodia number, in accordance with CD2AP expression levels. We show, for the first time, that CD2AP forms a novel multiprotein complex with the NGF receptor TrkA and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, with the degree of TrkA:p85 association positively regulated by CD2AP levels. CD2AP also regulates NGF signaling through AKT, but not ERK, and regulates long-range signaling though TrkA(+)/RAB5(+) signaling endosomes. CD2AP mRNA and protein levels were increased in neurons during collateral sprouting but decreased following injury, suggesting that, although typically considered together, these two adult axonal growth processes are fundamentally different. These data position CD2AP as a major intracellular signaling molecule coordinating NGF signaling to regulate collateral sprouting and structural plasticity of intact adult axons. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Growth of noninjured axons in the adult nervous system contributes to adaptive and maladaptive plasticity, and dysfunction of this process may contribute to neurologic pathologies. Functional screening of genes regulated during growth of noninjured axons revealed CD2AP as a positive regulator of axon outgrowth. A novel association of CD2AP with TrkA and p85 suggests a distinct intracellular signaling pathway regulating growth of noninjured axons. This may also represent a novel mechanism of generating specificity in multifunctional NGF signaling. Divergent regulation of CD2AP in different axon growth conditions suggests that separate mechanisms exist for different modes of axon growth. CD2AP is the first signaling molecule associated with adult sensory axonal collateral sprouting, and this association may offer new insights for NGF/TrkA-related Alzheimer's disease mechanisms.
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Abstract
Rho GTPases regulate cytoskeletal and cell adhesion dynamics and thereby coordinate a wide range of cellular processes, including cell migration, cell polarity and cell cycle progression. Most Rho GTPases cycle between a GTP-bound active conformation and a GDP-bound inactive conformation to regulate their ability to activate effector proteins and to elicit cellular responses. However, it has become apparent that Rho GTPases are regulated by post-translational modifications and the formation of specific protein complexes, in addition to GTP-GDP cycling. The canonical regulators of Rho GTPases - guanine nucleotide exchange factors, GTPase-activating proteins and guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors - are regulated similarly, creating a complex network of interactions to determine the precise spatiotemporal activation of Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G Hodge
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anne J Ridley
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Miyamoto Y, Tamano M, Torii T, Kawahara K, Nakamura K, Tanoue A, Takada S, Yamauchi J. Data supporting the role of Fyn in initiating myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Data Brief 2016; 7:1098-105. [PMID: 27115022 PMCID: PMC4833127 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic mice, which express active Fyn tyrosine kinase under the control of a glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter, have been produced. This promoter induces protein expression in the initiation stage of myelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) “Phosphorylation of cytohesin-1 by Fyn is required for initiation of myelination and the extent of myelination during development (Yamauchi et al., 2015 [1])”. Herein we provide the data regarding myelination-related protein markers and myelin ultrastructure in transgenic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Moe Tamano
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Sobczak M, Chumak V, Pomorski P, Wojtera E, Majewski Ł, Nowak J, Yamauchi J, Rędowicz MJ. Interaction of myosin VI and its binding partner DOCK7 plays an important role in NGF-stimulated protrusion formation in PC12 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1589-600. [PMID: 27018747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
DOCK7 (dedicator of cytokinesis 7) is a guanidine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac1 GTPase that is involved in neuronal polarity and axon generation as well in Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Recently, we identified DOCK7 as the binding partner of unconventional myosin VI (MVI) in neuronal-lineage PC12 cells and postulated that this interaction could be important in vivo [Majewski et al. (2012) Biochem Cell Biol., 90:565-574]. Herein, we found that MVI-DOCK7 interaction takes also place in other cell lines and demonstrated that MVI cargo domain via its RRL motif binds to DOCK7 C-terminal M2 and DHR2 domains. In MVI knockdown cells, lower Rac1 activity and a decrease of DOCK7 phosphorylation on Tyr1118 were observed, indicating that MVI could contribute to DOCK7 activity. MVI and DOCK7 co-localization was maintained during NGF-stimulated PC12 cell differentiation and observed also in the outgrowths. Also, during differentiation an increase in phosphorylation of DOCK7 as well as of its downstream effector JNK kinase was detected. Interestingly, overexpression of GFP-tagged MVI cargo domain (GFP-GT) impaired protrusion formation indicating that full length protein is important for this process. Moreover, a transient increase in Rac activity observed at 5min of NGF-stimulated differentiation of PC12 cells (overexpressing either GFP or GFP-MVI) was not detected in cells overexpressing the cargo domain. These data indicate that MVI-DOCK7 interaction could have functional implications in the protrusion outgrowth, and full length MVI seems to be important for delivery and maintenance of DOCK7 along the protrusions, and exerting its GEF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Sobczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vira Chumak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Regulation of Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis, Institute of Cell Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 14-16 Drahomanov St., 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Paweł Pomorski
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Wojtera
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Majewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Nowak
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Kawahara K, Tanoue A, Yamauchi J. Dock8 interacts with Nck1 in mediating Schwann cell precursor migration. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:113-123. [PMID: 28955869 PMCID: PMC5600352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cell precursors migrate along neuronal axons to their final destinations, where they will myelinate the axons after birth. While the intercellular signals controlling Schwann cell precursor migration are well studied, the intracellular signals controlling Schwann cell precursor migration remain elusive. Here, using a rat primary cell culture system, we show that Dock8, an atypical Dock180-related guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for small GTPases of the Rho family, specifically interacts with Nck1, an adaptor protein composed only of Src homology (SH) domains, to promote Schwann cell precursor migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Knockdown of Dock8 or Nck1 with its respective siRNA markedly decreases PDGF-induced cell migration, as well as Rho GTPase activation, in precursors. Dock8, through its unique N-terminal proline-rich motif, interacts with the SH3 domain of Nck1, but not with other adaptor proteins composed only of SH domains, e.g. Grb2 and CrkII, and not with the adaptor protein Elmo1. Reintroduction of the proline-rich motif mutant of Dock8 in Dock8 siRNA-transfected Schwann cell precursors fails to restore their migratory abilities, whereas that of wild-type Dock8 does restore these abilities. These results suggest that Nck1 interaction with Dock8 mediates PDGF-induced Schwann cell precursor migration, demonstrating not only that Nck1 and Dock8 are previously unanticipated intracellular signaling molecules involved in the regulation of Schwann cell precursor migration but also that Dock8 is among the genetically-conservative common interaction subset of Dock family proteins consisting only of SH domain adaptor proteins. Dock8, a Rho family GEF, regulates Schwann cell precursor migration. Nck1 adaptor protein regulates Schwann cell precursor migration. Dock8 uniquely interacts with Nck1. The interaction of Dock8 with Nck1 contributes to migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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Miyamoto Y, Megumi FT, Hasegawa N, Eguchi T, Tanoue A, Tamura H, Yamauchi J. Data supporting mitochondrial morphological changes by SPG13-associated HSPD1 mutants. Data Brief 2016; 6:482-8. [PMID: 26900593 PMCID: PMC4716458 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The data is related to the research article entitled “Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-associated missense mutation in HSPD1 blunts mitochondrial dynamics” [1]. In addition to hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) 4 (OMIM no. 612233), it is known that spastic paraplegia (SPG) 13 (OMIM no. 605280) is caused by HSPD1’s amino acid mutation. Two amino acid mutations Val-98-to-Ile (V98I) and Gln-461-to-Glu (Q461E) are associated with SPG13 [2]. In order to investigate the effects of HSPD1’s V98I or Q461E mutant on mitochondrial morphological changes, we transfected each of the respective mutant-encoding genes into Cos-7 cells. Either of V98I or Q461E mutant exhibited increased number of mitochondria and short length mitochondrial morphologies. Using MitoTracker dye-incorporating assay, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential was also observed in both cases. The data described here supports that SPG13-associated HSPD1 mutant participates in causing aberrant mitochondrial morphological changes with decreased activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | | | - Nanami Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Correspondence to: Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 5494 7120x4670; fax: +81 3 5494 7057.Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development2-10-1 Okura, SetagayaTokyo157-8535Japan
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van Niekerk EA, Tuszynski MH, Lu P, Dulin JN. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Axonal Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 15:394-408. [PMID: 26695766 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r115.053751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following axotomy, a complex temporal and spatial coordination of molecular events enables regeneration of the peripheral nerve. In contrast, multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to the general failure of axonal regeneration in the central nervous system. In this review, we examine the current understanding of differences in protein expression and post-translational modifications, activation of signaling networks, and environmental cues that may underlie the divergent regenerative capacity of central and peripheral axons. We also highlight key experimental strategies to enhance axonal regeneration via modulation of intraneuronal signaling networks and the extracellular milieu. Finally, we explore potential applications of proteomics to fill gaps in the current understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying regeneration, and to provide insight into the development of more effective approaches to promote axonal regeneration following injury to the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erna A van Niekerk
- From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093;
| | - Mark H Tuszynski
- From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093; §Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Paul Lu
- From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093; §Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Jennifer N Dulin
- From the ‡Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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Torii T, Miyamoto Y, Yamamoto M, Ohbuchi K, Tsumura H, Kawahara K, Tanoue A, Sakagami H, Yamauchi J. Arf6 mediates Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:450-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Miyamoto Y, Torii T, Takada S, Ohno N, Saitoh Y, Nakamura K, Ito A, Ogata T, Terada N, Tanoue A, Yamauchi J. Involvement of the Tyro3 receptor and its intracellular partner Fyn signaling in Schwann cell myelination. Mol Biol Cell 2015. [PMID: 26224309 PMCID: PMC4591693 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-05-1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During early development of the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cell precursors proliferate, migrate, and differentiate into premyelinating Schwann cells. After birth, Schwann cells envelop neuronal axons with myelin sheaths. Although some molecular mechanisms underlying myelination by Schwann cells have been identified, the whole picture remains unclear. Here we show that signaling through Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinase and its binding partner, Fyn nonreceptor cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase, is involved in myelination by Schwann cells. Impaired formation of myelin segments is observed in Schwann cell neuronal cultures established from Tyro3-knockout mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Indeed, Tyro3-knockout mice exhibit reduced myelin thickness. By affinity chromatography, Fyn was identified as the binding partner of the Tyro3 intracellular domain, and activity of Fyn is down-regulated in Tyro3-knockout mice, suggesting that Tyro3, acting through Fyn, regulates myelination. Ablating Fyn in mice results in reduced myelin thickness. Decreased myelin formation is observed in cultures established from Fyn-knockout mouse DRG. Furthermore, decreased kinase activity levels and altered expression of myelination-associated transcription factors are observed in these knockout mice. These results suggest the involvement of Tyro3 receptor and its binding partner Fyn in Schwann cell myelination. This constitutes a newly recognized receptor-linked signaling mechanism that can control Schwann cell myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shuji Takada
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Akihito Ito
- Research Center, Nissei Bilis, Koga, Shiga 528-0052, Japan
| | - Toru Ogata
- Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuo Terada
- Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan )
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Kulasekaran G, Nossova N, Marat AL, Lund I, Cremer C, Ioannou MS, McPherson PS. Phosphorylation-dependent Regulation of Connecdenn/DENND1 Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17999-18008. [PMID: 26055712 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.636712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Connecdenn 1/2 are DENN (differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells) domain-bearing proteins that function as GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors) for the small GTPase Rab35. Disruption of connecdenn/Rab35 function leads to defects in the recycling of multiple cargo proteins from endosomes with altered cell function, yet the regulation of connecdenn GEF activity is unexplored. We now demonstrate that connecdenn 1/2 are autoinhibited such that the purified, full-length proteins have significantly less Rab35 binding and GEF activity than the isolated DENN domain. Both proteins are phosphorylated with prominent phosphorylation sites between residues 500 and 600 of connecdenn 1. A large scale proteomics screen revealed that connecdenn 1 is phosphorylated at residues Ser-536 and Ser-538 in an Akt-dependent manner in response to insulin stimulation of adipocytes. Interestingly, we find that an Akt inhibitor reduces connecdenn 1 interaction with Rab35 after insulin treatment of adipocytes. Remarkably, a peptide flanking Ser-536/Ser-538 binds the DENN domain of connecdenn 1, whereas a phosphomimetic peptide does not. Moreover, connecdenn 1 interacts with 14-3-3 proteins, and this interaction is also disrupted by Akt inhibition and by mutation of Ser-536/Ser-538. We propose that Akt phosphorylation of connecdenn 1 downstream of insulin activation regulates connecdenn 1 function through an intramolecular interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopinath Kulasekaran
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nadya Nossova
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrea L Marat
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Ingrid Lund
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Christopher Cremer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.
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Miyamoto Y, Eguchi T, Kawahara K, Hasegawa N, Nakamura K, Funakoshi-Tago M, Tanoue A, Tamura H, Yamauchi J. Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-associated missense mutation in HSPD1 blunts mitochondrial dynamics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 462:275-81. [PMID: 25957474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.04.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Myelin-forming glial cells undergo dynamic morphological changes in order to produce mature myelin sheaths with multiple layers. In the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes differentiate to insulate neuronal axons with myelin sheaths. Myelin sheaths play a key role in homeostasis of the nervous system, but their related disorders lead not only to dismyelination and repeated demyelination but also to severe neuropathies. Hereditary hypomyelinating leukodystrophies (HLDs) are a group of such diseases affecting oligodendrocytes and are often caused by missense mutations of the respective responsible genes. Despite increasing identification of gene mutations through advanced nucleotide sequencing technology, studies on the relationships between gene mutations and their effects on cellular and subcellular aberrance have not followed at the same rapid pace. In this study, we report that an HLD4-associated (Asp-29-to-Gly) mutant of mitochondrial heat shock 60-kDa protein 1 (HSPD1) causes short-length morphologies and increases the numbers of mitochondria due to their aberrant fission and fusion cycles. In experiments using a fluorescent dye probe, this mutation decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential. Also, mitochondria accumulate in perinuclear regions. HLD4-associated HSPD1 mutant blunts mitochondrial dynamics, probably resulting in oligodendrocyte malfunction. This study constitutes a first finding concerning the relationship between disease-associated HSPD1 mutation and mitochondrial dynamics, which may be similar to the relationship between another disease-associated HSPD1 mutation (MitCHAP-60 disease) and aberrant mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Takahiro Eguchi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Nanami Hasegawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | | | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroomi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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41
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Torii T, Ohno N, Miyamoto Y, Kawahara K, Saitoh Y, Nakamura K, Takashima S, Sakagami H, Tanoue A, Yamauchi J. Arf6 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin-2 regulates myelination in nerves. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:819-25. [PMID: 25824033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In postnatal development of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cells differentiate to insulate neuronal axons with myelin sheaths, increasing the nerve conduction velocity. To produce the mature myelin sheath with its multiple layers, Schwann cells undergo dynamic morphological changes. While extracellular molecules such as growth factors and cell adhesion ligands are known to regulate the myelination process, the intracellular molecular mechanism underlying myelination remains unclear. In this study, we have produced Schwann cell-specific conditional knockout mice for cytohesin-2, a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) specifically activating Arf6. Arf6, a member of the Ras-like protein family, participates in various cellular functions including cell morphological changes. Cytohesin-2 knockout mice exhibit decreased Arf6 activity and reduced myelin thickness in the sciatic nerves, with decreased expression levels of myelin protein zero (MPZ), the major myelin marker protein. These results are consistent with those of experiments in which Schwann cell-neuronal cultures were treated with pan-cytohesin inhibitor SecinH3. On the other hand, the numbers of Ki67-positive cells in knockout mice and controls are comparable, indicating that cytohesin-2 does not have a positive effect on cell numbers. Thus, signaling through cytohesin-2 is required for myelination by Schwann cells, and cytohesin-2 is added to the list of molecules known to underlie PNS myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Torii
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan; School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies and The National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kawahara
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yurika Saitoh
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Shou Takashima
- Glycobiology Research Unit, The Noguchi Institute, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Akito Tanoue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Junji Yamauchi
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan; Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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42
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Regulating Rac in the nervous system: molecular function and disease implication of Rac GEFs and GAPs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:632450. [PMID: 25879033 PMCID: PMC4388020 DOI: 10.1155/2015/632450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rho family GTPases, including RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 as the most studied members, are master regulators of actin cytoskeletal organization. Rho GTPases control various aspects of the nervous system and are associated with a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. The activity of Rho GTPases is controlled by two families of regulators, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) as the activators and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) as the inhibitors. Through coordinated regulation by GEFs and GAPs, Rho GTPases act as converging signaling molecules that convey different upstream signals in the nervous system. So far, more than 70 members of either GEFs or GAPs of Rho GTPases have been identified in mammals, but only a small subset of them have well-known functions. Thus, characterization of important GEFs and GAPs in the nervous system is crucial for the understanding of spatiotemporal dynamics of Rho GTPase activity in different neuronal functions. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of GEFs and GAPs for Rac1, with emphasis on the molecular function and disease implication of these regulators in the nervous system.
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43
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Goto A, Kamioka Y, Matsuda M. PKA modulation of Rac in neuronal cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:321. [PMID: 25352782 PMCID: PMC4196561 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Goto
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamioka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan
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44
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Droppelmann CA, Campos-Melo D, Volkening K, Strong MJ. The emerging role of guanine nucleotide exchange factors in ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:282. [PMID: 25309324 PMCID: PMC4159981 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small GTPases participate in a broad range of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and migration. The exchange of GDP for GTP resulting in the activation of these GTPases is catalyzed by a group of enzymes called guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), of which two classes: Dbl-related exchange factors and the more recently described dedicator of cytokinesis proteins family exchange factors. Increasingly, deregulation of normal GEF activity or function has been associated with a broad range of disease states, including neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental disorders. In this review, we examine this evidence with special emphasis on the novel role of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RGNEF/p190RhoGEF) in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. RGNEF is the first neurodegeneration-linked GEF that regulates not only RhoA GTPase activation but also functions as an RNA binding protein that directly acts with low molecular weight neurofilament mRNA 3' untranslated region to regulate its stability. This dual role for RGNEF, coupled with the increasing understanding of the key role for GEFs in modulating the GTPase function in cell survival suggests a prominent role for GEFs in mediating a critical balance between cytotoxicity and neuroprotection which, when disturbed, contributes to neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Droppelmann
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Danae Campos-Melo
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn Volkening
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University London, ON, Canada ; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Strong
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, Western University London, ON, Canada ; Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University London, ON, Canada
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45
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In vivo knockdown of ErbB3 in mice inhibits Schwann cell precursor migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:782-8. [PMID: 25204498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The myelin sheath insulates neuronal axons and markedly increases the nerve conduction velocity. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), Schwann cell precursors migrate along embryonic neuronal axons to their final destinations, where they eventually wrap around individual axons to form the myelin sheath after birth. ErbB2 and ErbB3 tyrosine kinase receptors form a heterodimer and are extensively expressed in Schwann lineage cells. ErbB2/3 is thought to be one of the primary regulators controlling the entire Schwann cell development. ErbB3 is the bona fide Schwann cell receptor for the neuronal ligand neuregulin-1. Although ErbB2/3 is well known to regulate both Schwann cell precursor migration and myelination by Schwann cells in fishes, it still remains unclear whether in mammals, ErbB2/3 actually regulates Schwann cell precursor migration. Here, we show that knockdown of ErbB3 using a Schwann cell-specific promoter in mice causes delayed migration of Schwann cell precursors. In contrast, littermate control mice display normal migration. Similar results are seen in an in vitro migration assay using reaggregated Schwann cell precursors. Also, ErbB3 knockdown in mice reduces myelin thickness in sciatic nerves, consistent with the established role of ErbB3 in myelination. Thus, ErbB3 plays a key role in migration, as well as in myelination, in mouse Schwann lineage cells, presenting a genetically conservative role of ErbB3 in Schwann cell precursor migration.
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46
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AP-1/σ1B-Dependent SV Protein Recycling Is Regulated in Early Endosomes and Is Coupled to AP-2 Endocytosis. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:142-61. [PMID: 25128028 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8852-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor protein (AP)-1/σ1B(-/-) mice have reduced synaptic-vesicle (SV) recycling and increased endosomes. Mutant mice have impaired spatial memory, and σ1B-deficient humans have a severe mental retardation. In order to define these σ1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes and to determine their functions in SV recycling, we developed a protocol to separate them from the majority of the neuronal endosomes. The σ1B(-/-) 'bulk' endosomes proved to be classic early endosomes with an increase in the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI-3-P), which recruits proteins mediating protein sorting out of early endosomes into different routes. σ1B deficiency induced alterations in the endosomal proteome reveals two major functions: SV protein storage and sorting into endolysosomes. Alternative endosomal recycling pathways are not up-regulated, but certain SV proteins are misrouted. Tetraspanins are enriched in σ1B(-/-) synaptosomes, but not in their endosomes or in their clathrin-coated-vesicles (CCVs), indicating AP-1/σ1B-dependent sorting. Synapses contain also more AP-2 CCV, although it is expected that they contain less due to reduced SV recycling. Coat composition of these AP-2 CCVs is altered, and thus, they represent a subpopulation of AP-2 CCVs. Association of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK)-IIα, -δ and casein kinase (CK)-IIα with the endosome/SV pool is altered, as well as 14-3-3η, indicating changes in specific signalling pathways regulating synaptic plasticity. The accumulation of early endosomes and endocytotic AP-2 CCV indicates the regulation of SV recycling via early endosomes by the interdependent regulation of AP-2-mediated endocytosis and AP-1/σ1B-mediated SV reformation.
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47
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Lehman A, Stittrich AB, Glusman G, Zong Z, Li H, Eydoux P, Senger C, Lyons C, Roach JC, Patel M. Diffuse angiopathy in Adams-Oliver syndrome associated with truncating DOCK6 mutations. Am J Med Genet A 2014; 164A:2656-62. [PMID: 25091416 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adams-Oliver syndrome (AOS) is a rare malformation syndrome characterized by the presence of two anomalies: aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp and transverse terminal limb defects. Many affected individuals also have additional malformations, including a variety of intracranial anomalies such as periventricular calcification in keeping with cerebrovascular microbleeds, impaired neuronal migration, epilepsy, and microcephaly. Cardiac malformations can be present, as can vascular dysfunction in the forms of cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita, pulmonary vein stenoses, and abnormal hepatic microvasculature. Elucidated genetic causes include four genes in different pathways, leading to a model of AOS as a multi-pathway disorder. We identified an infant with mild aplasia cutis congenita and terminal transverse limb defects, developmental delay and a severe, diffuse angiopathy with incomplete microvascularization. Whole-genome sequencing documented two rare truncating variants in DOCK6, a gene associated with a type of autosomal recessive AOS that recurrently features periventricular calcification and impaired neurodevelopment. We highlight an unexpectedly high frequency of likely deleterious mutations in this gene in the general population, relative to the rarity of the disease, and discuss possible explanations for this discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics and Child and Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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48
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Namekata K, Kimura A, Kawamura K, Harada C, Harada T. Dock GEFs and their therapeutic potential: neuroprotection and axon regeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 43:1-16. [PMID: 25016980 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dedicator of cytokinesis (Dock) family is composed of atypical guanine exchange factors (GEFs) that activate the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Rho GTPases are best documented for their roles in actin polymerization and they regulate important cellular functions, including morphogenesis, migration, neuronal development, and cell division and adhesion. To date, 11 Dock family members have been identified and their roles have been reported in diverse contexts. There has been increasing interest in elucidating the roles of Dock proteins in recent years and studies have revealed that they are potential therapeutic targets for various diseases, including glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and combined immunodeficiency. Among the Dock proteins, Dock3 is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and recent studies have revealed that Dock3 plays a role in protecting retinal ganglion cells from neurotoxicity and oxidative stress as well as in promoting optic nerve regeneration. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the 11 Dock GEFs and their therapeutic potential, with a particular focus on Dock3 as a novel target for the treatment of glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Namekata
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kimura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kawamura
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Chikako Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takayuki Harada
- Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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49
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Gadea G, Blangy A. Dock-family exchange factors in cell migration and disease. Eur J Cell Biol 2014; 93:466-77. [PMID: 25022758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dock family proteins are evolutionary conserved exchange factors for the Rho GTPases Rac and Cdc42. There are 11 Dock proteins in mammals, named Dock1 (or Dock180) to Dock11 that play different cellular functions. In particular, Dock proteins regulate actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion and migration. Not surprisingly, members of the Dock family have been involved in various pathologies, including cancer and defects in the central nervous and immune systems. This review proposes an update of the recent findings regarding the function of Dock proteins, focusing on their role in the control of cell migration and invasion and the consequences in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Gadea
- CNRS UMR 5237, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, France; Montpellier University, France
| | - Anne Blangy
- CNRS UMR 5237, Centre de Recherche de Biochimie Macromoléculaire, France; Montpellier University, France.
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50
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Evans JC, Hines KM, Forsythe JG, Erdogan B, Shi M, Hill S, Rose KL, McLean JA, Webb DJ. Phosphorylation of serine 106 in Asef2 regulates cell migration and adhesion turnover. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:3303-13. [PMID: 24874604 PMCID: PMC4084842 DOI: 10.1021/pr5001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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Asef2, a 652-amino acid protein,
is a guanine nucleotide exchange
factor (GEF) that regulates cell migration and other processes via
activation of Rho family GTPases, including Rac. Binding of the tumor
suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) to Asef2 is known to induce
its GEF activity; however, little is currently known about other modes
of Asef2 regulation. Here, we investigated the role of phosphorylation
in regulating Asef2 activity and function. Using high-resolution mass
spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), we obtained
complete coverage of all phosphorylatable residues and identified
six phosphorylation sites. One of these, serine 106 (S106), was particularly
intriguing as a potential regulator of Asef2 activity because of its
location within the APC-binding domain. Interestingly, mutation of
this serine to alanine (S106A), a non-phosphorylatable analogue, greatly
diminished the ability of Asef2 to activate Rac, while a phosphomimetic
mutation (serine to aspartic acid, S106D) enhanced Rac activation.
Furthermore, expression of these mutants in HT1080 cells demonstrated
that phosphorylation of S106 is critical for Asef2-promoted migration
and for cell-matrix adhesion assembly and disassembly (adhesion turnover),
which is a process that facilitates efficient migration. Collectively,
our results show that phosphorylation of S106 modulates Asef2 GEF
activity and Asef2-mediated cell migration and adhesion turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Corey Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences and Vanderbilt Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, ‡Department of Chemistry, §Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology (VICB), ∥Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education (VIIBRE), ⊥Mass Spectrometry Research Center, #Department of Biochemistry, and ●Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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