1
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Role of transient receptor potential channels in the regulation of vascular tone. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104051. [PMID: 38838960 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular tone is a major element in the control of hemodynamics. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels conducting monovalent and/or divalent cations (e.g. Na+ and Ca2+) are expressed in the vasculature. Accumulating evidence suggests that TRP channels participate in regulating vascular tone by regulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling in both vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs). Aberrant expression/function of TRP channels in the vasculature is associated with vascular dysfunction in systemic/pulmonary hypertension and metabolic syndromes. This review intends to summarize our current knowledge of TRP-mediated regulation of vascular tone in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions and to discuss potential therapeutic approaches to tackle abnormal vascular tone due to TRP dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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2
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Santana LF, Navedo MF. Sorbs2 Modulation of BK Channels in Arterial Myocytes: Implications for Diabetes. Circ Res 2024; 134:872-874. [PMID: 38547252 PMCID: PMC10987049 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology (L.F.S.), School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology (M.F.N.), School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA
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3
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Davis MJ, Zawieja SD. Pacemaking in the lymphatic system. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38520402 DOI: 10.1113/jp284752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic collecting vessels exhibit spontaneous phasic contractions that are critical for lymph propulsion and tissue fluid homeostasis. This rhythmic activity is driven by action potentials conducted across the lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) layer to produce entrained contractions. The contraction frequency of a lymphatic collecting vessel displays exquisite mechanosensitivity, with a dynamic range from <1 to >20 contractions per minute. A myogenic pacemaker mechanism intrinsic to the LMCs was initially postulated to account for pressure-dependent chronotropy. Further interrogation into the cellular constituents of the lymphatic vessel wall identified non-muscle cell populations that shared some characteristics with interstitial cells of Cajal, which have pacemaker functions in the gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts, thus raising the possibility of a non-muscle cell pacemaker. However, recent genetic knockout studies in mice support LMCs and a myogenic origin of the pacemaker activity. LMCs exhibit stochastic, but pressure-sensitive, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release (puffs and waves) from IP3R1 receptors, which couple to the calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1, causing depolarisation. The resulting electrical activity integrates across the highly coupled lymphatic muscle electrical syncytia through connexin 45 to modulate diastolic depolarisation. However, multiple other cation channels may also contribute to the ionic pacemaking cycle. Upon reaching threshold, a voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent action potential fires, resulting in a nearly synchronous calcium global calcium flash within the LMC layer to drive an entrained contraction. This review summarizes the key ion channels potentially responsible for the pressure-dependent chronotropy of lymphatic collecting vessels and various mechanisms of IP3R1 regulation that could contribute to frequency tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Zawieja
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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4
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Longden TA, Lederer WJ. Electro-metabolic signaling. J Gen Physiol 2024; 156:e202313451. [PMID: 38197953 PMCID: PMC10783436 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise matching of energy substrate delivery to local metabolic needs is essential for the health and function of all tissues. Here, we outline a mechanistic framework for understanding this critical process, which we refer to as electro-metabolic signaling (EMS). All tissues exhibit changes in metabolism over varying spatiotemporal scales and have widely varying energetic needs and reserves. We propose that across tissues, common signatures of elevated metabolism or increases in energy substrate usage that exceed key local thresholds rapidly engage mechanisms that generate hyperpolarizing electrical signals in capillaries that then relax contractile elements throughout the vasculature to quickly adjust blood flow to meet changing needs. The attendant increase in energy substrate delivery serves to meet local metabolic requirements and thus avoids a mismatch in supply and demand and prevents metabolic stress. We discuss in detail key examples of EMS that our laboratories have discovered in the brain and the heart, and we outline potential further EMS mechanisms operating in tissues such as skeletal muscle, pancreas, and kidney. We suggest that the energy imbalance evoked by EMS uncoupling may be central to cellular dysfunction from which the hallmarks of aging and metabolic diseases emerge and may lead to generalized organ failure states-such as diverse flavors of heart failure and dementia. Understanding and manipulating EMS may be key to preventing or reversing these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W. Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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5
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Yamasaki E, Thakore P, Ali S, Solano AS, Wang X, Gao X, Labelle-Dumais C, Chaumeil MM, Gould DB, Earley S. Impaired intracellular Ca 2+ signaling contributes to age-related cerebral small vessel disease in Col4a1 mutant mice. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadi3966. [PMID: 37963192 PMCID: PMC10726848 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans and mice with mutations in COL4A1 and COL4A2 manifest hallmarks of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Mice with a missense mutation in Col4a1 at amino acid 1344 (Col4a1+/G1344D) exhibit age-dependent intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) and brain lesions. Here, we report that this pathology was associated with the loss of myogenic vasoconstriction, an intrinsic vascular response essential for the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Electrophysiological analyses showed that the loss of myogenic constriction resulted from blunted pressure-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) membrane depolarization. Furthermore, we found that dysregulation of membrane potential was associated with impaired Ca2+-dependent activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) cation channels linked to disruptions in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ signaling. Col4a1 mutations impair protein folding, which can cause SR stress. Treating Col4a1+/G1344D mice with 4-phenylbutyrate, a compound that promotes the trafficking of misfolded proteins and alleviates SR stress, restored SR Ca2+ signaling, maintained BK and TRPM4 channel activity, prevented loss of myogenic tone, and reduced ICHs. We conclude that alterations in SR Ca2+ handling that impair ion channel activity result in dysregulation of SMC membrane potential and loss of myogenic tone and contribute to age-related cSVD in Col4a1+/G1344D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Alfredo Sanchez Solano
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Myriam M. Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Douglas B. Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bakar Aging Research Institute, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
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6
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Matsumoto C, O'Dwyer SC, Manning D, Hernandez-Hernandez G, Rhana P, Fong Z, Sato D, Clancy CE, Vierra NC, Trimmer JS, Fernando Santana L. The formation of K V2.1 macro-clusters is required for sex-specific differences in L-type Ca V1.2 clustering and function in arterial myocytes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1165. [PMID: 37963972 PMCID: PMC10645748 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In arterial myocytes, the canonical function of voltage-gated CaV1.2 and KV2.1 channels is to induce myocyte contraction and relaxation through their responses to membrane depolarization, respectively. Paradoxically, KV2.1 also plays a sex-specific role by promoting the clustering and activity of CaV1.2 channels. However, the impact of KV2.1 protein organization on CaV1.2 function remains poorly understood. We discovered that KV2.1 forms micro-clusters, which can transform into large macro-clusters when a critical clustering site (S590) in the channel is phosphorylated in arterial myocytes. Notably, female myocytes exhibit greater phosphorylation of S590, and macro-cluster formation compared to males. Contrary to current models, the activity of KV2.1 channels seems unrelated to density or macro-clustering in arterial myocytes. Disrupting the KV2.1 clustering site (KV2.1S590A) eliminated KV2.1 macro-clustering and sex-specific differences in CaV1.2 cluster size and activity. We propose that the degree of KV2.1 clustering tunes CaV1.2 channel function in a sex-specific manner in arterial myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Samantha C O'Dwyer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Declan Manning
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Paula Rhana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhihui Fong
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Daisuke Sato
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas C Vierra
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - James S Trimmer
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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7
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Staehr C, Aalkjaer C, Matchkov V. The vascular Na,K-ATPase: clinical implications in stroke, migraine, and hypertension. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1595-1618. [PMID: 37877226 PMCID: PMC10600256 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In the vascular wall, the Na,K-ATPase plays an important role in the control of arterial tone. Through cSrc signaling, it contributes to the modulation of Ca2+ sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells. This review focuses on the potential implication of Na,K-ATPase-dependent intracellular signaling pathways in severe vascular disorders; ischemic stroke, familial migraine, and arterial hypertension. We propose similarity in the detrimental Na,K-ATPase-dependent signaling seen in these pathological conditions. The review includes a retrospective proteomics analysis investigating temporal changes after ischemic stroke. The analysis revealed that the expression of Na,K-ATPase α isoforms is down-regulated in the days and weeks following reperfusion, while downstream Na,K-ATPase-dependent cSrc kinase is up-regulated. These results are important since previous studies have linked the Na,K-ATPase-dependent cSrc signaling to futile recanalization and vasospasm after stroke. The review also explores a link between the Na,K-ATPase and migraine with aura, as reduced expression or pharmacological inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase leads to cSrc kinase signaling up-regulation and cerebral hypoperfusion. The review discusses the role of an endogenous cardiotonic steroid-like compound, ouabain, which binds to the Na,K-ATPase and initiates the intracellular cSrc signaling, in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension. Currently, our understanding of the precise control mechanisms governing the Na,K-ATPase/cSrc kinase regulation in the vascular wall is limited. Understanding the role of vascular Na,K-ATPase signaling is essential for developing targeted treatments for cerebrovascular disorders and hypertension, as the Na,K-ATPase is implicated in the pathogenesis of these conditions and may contribute to their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Staehr
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 35, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Cardiovascular Academy, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vladimir V. Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergsgade 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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8
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Matsumoto C, O'Dwyer SC, Manning D, Hernandez-Hernandez G, Rhana P, Fong Z, Sato D, Clancy CE, Vierra NC, Trimmer JS, Santana LF. The formation of K V 2.1 macro-clusters is required for sex-specific differences in L-type Ca V 1.2 clustering and function in arterial myocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546725. [PMID: 37425816 PMCID: PMC10327069 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
In arterial myocytes, the canonical function of voltage-gated Ca V 1.2 and K V 2.1 channels is to induce myocyte contraction and relaxation through their responses to membrane depolarization, respectively. Paradoxically, K V 2.1 also plays a sex-specific role by promoting the clustering and activity of Ca V 1.2 channels. However, the impact of K V 2.1 protein organization on Ca V 1.2 function remains poorly understood. We discovered that K V 2.1 forms micro-clusters, which can transform into large macro-clusters when a critical clustering site (S590) in the channel is phosphorylated in arterial myocytes. Notably, female myocytes exhibit greater phosphorylation of S590, and macro-cluster formation compared to males. Contrary to current models, the activity of K V 2.1 channels seems unrelated to density or macro-clustering in arterial myocytes. Disrupting the K V 2.1 clustering site (K V 2.1 S590A ) eliminated K V 2.1 macro-clustering and sex-specific differences in Ca V 1.2 cluster size and activity. We propose that the degree of K V 2.1 clustering tunes Ca V 1.2 channel function in a sex-specific manner in arterial myocytes.
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9
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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10
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Klug NR, Sancho M, Gonzales AL, Heppner TJ, O’Brien RIC, Hill-Eubanks D, Nelson MT. Intraluminal pressure elevates intracellular calcium and contracts CNS pericytes: Role of voltage-dependent calcium channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216421120. [PMID: 36802432 PMCID: PMC9992766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216421120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriolar smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and capillary pericytes dynamically regulate blood flow in the central nervous system in the face of fluctuating perfusion pressures. Pressure-induced depolarization and Ca2+ elevation provide a mechanism for regulation of SMC contraction, but whether pericytes participate in pressure-induced changes in blood flow remains unknown. Here, utilizing a pressurized whole-retina preparation, we found that increases in intraluminal pressure in the physiological range induce contraction of both dynamically contractile pericytes in the arteriole-proximate transition zone and distal pericytes of the capillary bed. We found that the contractile response to pressure elevation was slower in distal pericytes than in transition zone pericytes and arteriolar SMCs. Pressure-evoked elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ and contractile responses in SMCs were dependent on voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC) activity. In contrast, Ca2+ elevation and contractile responses were partially dependent on VDCC activity in transition zone pericytes and independent of VDCC activity in distal pericytes. In both transition zone and distal pericytes, membrane potential at low inlet pressure (20 mmHg) was approximately -40 mV and was depolarized to approximately -30 mV by an increase in pressure to 80 mmHg. The magnitude of whole-cell VDCC currents in freshly isolated pericytes was approximately half that measured in isolated SMCs. Collectively, these results indicate a loss of VDCC involvement in pressure-induced constriction along the arteriole-capillary continuum. They further suggest that alternative mechanisms and kinetics of Ca2+ elevation, contractility, and blood flow regulation exist in central nervous system capillary networks, distinguishing them from neighboring arterioles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Klug
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Maria Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Albert L. Gonzales
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV89557
| | - Thomas J. Heppner
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | | | - David Hill-Eubanks
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
| | - Mark T. Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, ManchesterM13 9PL, UK
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11
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Abstract
Resistance arteries and arterioles evolved as specialized blood vessels serving two important functions: (a) regulating peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure and (b) matching oxygen and nutrient delivery to metabolic demands of organs. These functions require control of vessel lumen cross-sectional area (vascular tone) via coordinated vascular cell responses governed by precise spatial-temporal communication between intracellular signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a contemporary overview of the significant roles that redox switches play in calcium signaling for orchestrated endothelial, smooth muscle, and red blood cell control of arterial vascular tone. Three interrelated themes are the focus: (a) smooth muscle to endothelial communication for vasoconstriction, (b) endothelial to smooth muscle cell cross talk for vasodilation, and (c) oxygen and red blood cell interregulation of vascular tone and blood flow. We intend for this thematic framework to highlight gaps in our current knowledge and potentially spark interest for cross-disciplinary studies moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Katona
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Current affiliation: University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Microvascular Research, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Cui Y, Gollasch M, Kassmann M. Arterial myogenic response and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101813. [PMID: 36470339 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arterial myogenic response is an inherent property of resistance arteries. Myogenic tone is crucial for maintaining a relatively constant blood flow in response to changes in intraluminal pressure and protects delicate organs from excessive blood flow. Although this fundamental physiological phenomenon has been extensively studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent studies identified a crucial role of mechano-activated angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) in this process. The development of myogenic response is affected by aging. In this review, we summarize recent progress made to understand the role of AT1R and other mechanosensors in the control of arterial myogenic response. We discuss age-related alterations in myogenic response and possible underlying mechanisms and implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Cui
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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13
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Yamasaki E, Ali S, Sanchez Solano A, Thakore P, Smith M, Wang X, Labelle-Dumais C, Gould DB, Earley S. Faulty TRPM4 channels underlie age-dependent cerebral vascular dysfunction in Gould syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217327120. [PMID: 36693102 PMCID: PMC9945977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217327120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gould syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder resulting from autosomal dominant mutations in the collagen-encoding genes COL4A1 and COL4A2. Human patients and Col4a1 mutant mice display brain pathology that typifies cerebral small vessel diseases (cSVDs), including white matter hyperintensities, dilated perivascular spaces, lacunar infarcts, microbleeds, and spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Using the Col4a1+/G394V mouse model, we found that vasoconstriction in response to internal pressure-the vascular myogenic response-is blunted in cerebral arteries from middle-aged (12 mo old) but not young adult (3 mo old) animals, revealing age-dependent cerebral vascular dysfunction. The defect in the myogenic response was associated with a significant decrease in depolarizing cation currents conducted by TRPM4 (transient receptor potential melastatin 4) channels in native cerebral artery smooth muscle cells (SMCs) isolated from mutant mice. The minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) is necessary for TRPM4 activity. Dialyzing SMCs with PIP2 and selective blockade of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), an enzyme that converts PIP2 to phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), restored TRPM4 currents. Acute inhibition of PI3K activity and blockade of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) receptors also rescued the myogenic response, suggesting that hyperactivity of TGF-β signaling pathways stimulates PI3K to deplete PIP2 and impair TRPM4 channels. We conclude that age-related cerebral vascular dysfunction in Col4a1+/G394V mice is caused by the loss of depolarizing TRPM4 currents due to PIP2 depletion, revealing an age-dependent mechanism of cSVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV89557-0318
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV89557-0318
| | - Alfredo Sanchez Solano
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV89557-0318
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV89557-0318
| | - Megan Smith
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Douglas B. Gould
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Institute for Human Genetics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bakar Aging Research Institute, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV89557-0318
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14
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Zhu H, Wang H, Zhu X, Chen Q, Fang X, Xu X, Ping Y, Gao B, Tong G, Ding Y, Chen T, Huang J. The Importance of Integrated Regulation Mechanism of Coronary Microvascular Function for Maintaining the Stability of Coronary Microcirculation: An Easily Overlooked Perspective. Adv Ther 2023; 40:76-101. [PMID: 36279093 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to a group of disorders affecting the structure and function of coronary microcirculation and is associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. At present, great progress has been made in the diagnosis of CMD, but there is no specific treatment for it because of the complexity of CMD pathogenesis. Vascular dysfunction is one of the important causes of CMD, but previous reviews mostly considered microvascular dysfunction as a whole abnormality so the obtained conclusions are skewed. The coronary microvascular function is co-regulated by multiple mechanisms, and the mechanisms by which microvessels of different luminal diameters are regulated vary. The main purpose of this review is to revisit the mechanisms by which coronary microvessels at different diameters regulate coronary microcirculation through integrated sequential activation and briefly discuss the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment progress of CMD from this perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hanxin Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qilan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojiang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Xu
- Affiliated Hangzhou Chest Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Ping
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Beibei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoxin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tielong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 453 Stadium Road, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 261 Huansha Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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15
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Dutta Banik D, Medler KF. Defining the role of TRPM4 in broadly responsive taste receptor cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1148995. [PMID: 37032837 PMCID: PMC10073513 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1148995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral taste receptor cells use multiple signaling pathways to transduce taste stimuli into output signals that are sent to the brain. We have previously identified a subpopulation of Type III taste cells that are broadly responsive (BR) and respond to multiple taste stimuli including bitter, sweet, umami, and sour. These BR cells use a PLCβ3/IP3R1 signaling pathway to detect bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli and use a separate pathway to detect sour. Currently, the downstream targets of the PLCβ3 signaling pathway are unknown. Here we identify TRPM4, a monovalent selective TRP channel, as an important downstream component in this signaling pathway. Using live cell imaging on isolated taste receptor cells from mice, we show that inhibition of TRPM4 abolished the taste-evoked sodium responses and significantly reduced the taste-evoked calcium responses in BR cells. Since BR cells are a subpopulation of Type III taste cells, they have conventional chemical synapses that require the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) to cause neurotransmitter release. We found that TRPM4-dependent membrane depolarization selectively activates L-type VGCCs in these cells. The calcium influx through L-type VGCCs also generates a calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) via ryanodine receptors that enhances TRPM4 activity. Together these signaling events amplify the initial taste response to generate an appropriate output signal.
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16
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Blackwell JA, Silva JF, Louis EM, Savu A, Largent-Milnes TM, Brooks HL, Pires PW. Cerebral arteriolar and neurovascular dysfunction after chemically induced menopause in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H845-H860. [PMID: 36149767 PMCID: PMC9602916 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00276.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is linked to decreased cerebral blood flow, particularly in women after menopause. Impaired cerebrovascular function precedes the onset of dementia, possibly because of reduced functional dilation in parenchymal arterioles. These vessels are bottlenecks of the cerebral microcirculation, and dysfunction can limit functional hyperemia in the brain. Large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa) are the final effectors of several pathways responsible for functional hyperemia, and their expression is modulated by estrogen. However, it remains unknown whether BKCa function is altered in cerebral parenchymal arterioles after menopause. Using a chemically induced model of menopause, the 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) model, which depletes follicles while maintaining intact ovaries, we hypothesized that menopause would be associated with reduced functional vasodilatory responses in cerebral parenchymal arterioles of wild-type mice via reduced BKCa function. Using pressure myography of isolated parenchymal arterioles, we observed that menopause (Meno) induced a significant increase in spontaneous myogenic tone. Endothelial function, assessed as nitric oxide production and dilation after cholinergic stimulation or endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization pathways, was unaffected by Meno. BKCa function was significantly impaired in Meno compared with control, without changes in voltage-gated K+ channel activity. Cerebral functional hyperemia, measured by laser-speckle contrast imaging during whisker stimulation, was significantly blunted in Meno mice, without detectable changes in basal perfusion. However, behavioral testing identified no change in cognition. These findings suggest that menopause induces cerebral microvascular and neurovascular deficits.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cerebral parenchymal arterioles from menopause mice showed increased myogenic tone. We identified an impairment in smooth muscle cell BKCa channel activity, without a reduction in endothelium-dependent dilation or nitric oxide production. Microvascular dysfunction was associated with a reduction in neurovascular responses after somatosensory stimulation. Despite the neurovascular impairment, cognitive abilities were maintained in menopausal mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A Blackwell
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Josiane F Silva
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Emma M Louis
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Andrea Savu
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Paulo W Pires
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
- Sarver Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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17
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Pereira da Silva EA, Martín-Aragón Baudel M, Navedo MF, Nieves-Cintrón M. Ion channel molecular complexes in vascular smooth muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:999369. [PMID: 36091375 PMCID: PMC9459047 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.999369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels that influence membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration control vascular smooth muscle excitability. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage (KV), and Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) channels are key regulators of vascular smooth muscle excitability and contractility. These channels are regulated by various signaling cues, including protein kinases and phosphatases. The effects of these ubiquitous signaling molecules often depend on the formation of macromolecular complexes that provide a platform for targeting and compartmentalizing signaling events to specific substrates. This manuscript summarizes our current understanding of specific molecular complexes involving VGCC, TRP, and KV and BK channels and their contribution to regulating vascular physiology.
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18
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Chen YL, Daneva Z, Kuppusamy M, Ottolini M, Baker TM, Klimentova E, Shah SA, Sokolowski JD, Park MS, Sonkusare SK. Novel Smooth Muscle Ca 2+-Signaling Nanodomains in Blood Pressure Regulation. Circulation 2022; 146:548-564. [PMID: 35758040 PMCID: PMC9378684 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.058607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ca2+ signals in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to vascular resistance and control blood pressure. Increased vascular resistance in hypertension has been attributed to impaired SMC Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. In this regard, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4SMC) ion channels are a crucial Ca2+ entry pathway in SMCs. However, their role in blood pressure regulation has not been identified. METHODS We used SMC-specific TRPV4-/- (TRPV4SMC-/-) mice to assess the role of TRPV4SMC channels in blood pressure regulation. We determined the contribution of TRPV4SMC channels to the constrictor effect of α1 adrenergic receptor (α1AR) stimulation and elevated intraluminal pressure: 2 main physiologic stimuli that constrict resistance-sized arteries. The contribution of spatially separated TRPV4SMC channel subpopulations to elevated blood pressure in hypertension was evaluated in angiotensin II-infused mice and patients with hypertension. RESULTS We provide first evidence that TRPV4SMC channel activity elevates resting blood pressure in normal mice. α1AR stimulation activated TRPV4SMC channels through PKCα (protein kinase Cα) signaling, which contributed significantly to vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Intraluminal pressure-induced TRPV4SMC channel activity opposed vasoconstriction through activation of Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channels, indicating functionally opposite pools of TRPV4SMC channels. Superresolution imaging of SMCs revealed spatially separated α1AR:TRPV4 and TRPV4:BK nanodomains in SMCs. These data suggest that spatially separated α1AR-TRPV4SMC and intraluminal pressure-TRPV4SMC-BK channel signaling have opposite effects on blood pressure, with α1AR-TRPV4SMC signaling dominating under resting conditions. Furthermore, in patients with hypertension and a mouse model of hypertension, constrictor α1AR-PKCα-TRPV4 signaling was upregulated, whereas dilator pressure-TRPV4-BK channel signaling was disrupted, thereby increasing vasoconstriction and elevating blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify novel smooth muscle Ca2+-signaling nanodomains that regulate blood pressure and demonstrate their impairment in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Zdravka Daneva
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Maniselvan Kuppusamy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Matteo Ottolini
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Thomas M. Baker
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Eliska Klimentova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Soham A. Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Jennifer D. Sokolowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Min S. Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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19
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Yarishkin O, Phuong TTT, Vazquez-Chona F, Bertrand J, van Battenburg-Sherwood J, Redmon SN, Rudzitis CN, Lakk M, Baumann JM, Freichel M, Hwang EM, Overby D, Križaj D. Emergent Temporal Signaling in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells: Role of TRPV4-TRPM4 Interactions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805076. [PMID: 35432302 PMCID: PMC9008486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Trabecular meshwork (TM) cells are phagocytic cells that employ mechanotransduction to actively regulate intraocular pressure. Similar to macrophages, they express scavenger receptors and participate in antigen presentation within the immunosuppressive milieu of the anterior eye. Changes in pressure deform and compress the TM, altering their control of aqueous humor outflow but it is not known whether transducer activation shapes temporal signaling. The present study combines electrophysiology, histochemistry and functional imaging with gene silencing and heterologous expression to gain insight into Ca2+ signaling downstream from TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4), a stretch-activated polymodal cation channel. Human TM cells respond to the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A with fluctuations in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and an increase in [Na+]i. [Ca2+]i oscillations coincided with monovalent cation current that was suppressed by BAPTA, Ruthenium Red and the TRPM4 (Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 4) channel inhibitor 9-phenanthrol. TM cells expressed TRPM4 mRNA, protein at the expected 130-150 kDa and showed punctate TRPM4 immunoreactivity at the membrane surface. Genetic silencing of TRPM4 antagonized TRPV4-evoked oscillatory signaling whereas TRPV4 and TRPM4 co-expression in HEK-293 cells reconstituted the oscillations. Membrane potential recordings suggested that TRPM4-dependent oscillations require release of Ca2+ from internal stores. 9-phenanthrol did not affect the outflow facility in mouse eyes and eyes from animals lacking TRPM4 had normal intraocular pressure. Collectively, our results show that TRPV4 activity initiates dynamic calcium signaling in TM cells by stimulating TRPM4 channels and intracellular Ca2+ release. It is possible that TRPV4-TRPM4 interactions downstream from the tensile and compressive impact of intraocular pressure contribute to homeostatic regulation and pathological remodeling within the conventional outflow pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Yarishkin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Tam T T Phuong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Felix Vazquez-Chona
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jacques Bertrand
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah N Redmon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Christopher N Rudzitis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Monika Lakk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Jackson M Baumann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eun-Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Darryl Overby
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, United States.,Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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20
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Dridi H, Santulli G, Gambardella J, Jankauskas SS, Yuan Q, Yang J, Reiken S, Wang X, Wronska A, Liu X, Lacampagne A, Marks AR. IP3 receptor orchestrates maladaptive vascular responses in heart failure. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152859. [PMID: 35166236 PMCID: PMC8843748 DOI: 10.1172/jci152859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure (HF) have augmented vascular tone, which increases cardiac workload, impairing ventricular output and promoting further myocardial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms underlying the maladaptive vascular responses observed in HF are not fully understood. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) control vasoconstriction via a Ca2+-dependent process, in which the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a major role. To dissect the mechanistic contribution of intracellular Ca2+ release to the increased vascular tone observed in HF, we analyzed the remodeling of IP3R1 in aortic tissues from patients with HF and from controls. VSMC IP3R1 channels from patients with HF and HF mice were hyperphosphorylated by both serine and tyrosine kinases. VSMCs isolated from IP3R1VSMC–/– mice exhibited blunted Ca2+ responses to angiotensin II (ATII) and norepinephrine compared with control VSMCs. IP3R1VSMC–/– mice displayed significantly reduced responses to ATII, both in vivo and ex vivo. HF IP3R1VSMC–/– mice developed significantly less afterload compared with HF IP3R1fl/fl mice and exhibited significantly attenuated progression toward decompensated HF and reduced interstitial fibrosis. Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of the MLC by MLCK activated VSMC contraction. MLC phosphorylation was markedly increased in VSMCs from patients with HF and HF mice but reduced in VSMCs from HF IP3R1VSMC–/– mice and HF WT mice treated with ML-7. Taken together, our data indicate that VSMC IP3R1 is a major effector of increased vascular tone, which contributes to increased cardiac afterload and decompensation in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikel Dridi
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, New York, USA.,International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Reiken
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anetta Wronska
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alain Lacampagne
- PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrew R Marks
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Clyde and Helen Wu Center for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Chen Y, Sonkusare SK. Mechanosensitive Angiotensin II Receptor Signaling in Pressure‐Induced Vasoconstriction. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024740. [PMID: 35156384 PMCID: PMC9245830 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen‐Lin Chen
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics University of Virginia Charlottesville VA
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22
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Krishnan V, Ali S, Gonzales AL, Thakore P, Griffin CS, Yamasaki E, Alvarado MG, Johnson MT, Trebak M, Earley S. STIM1-dependent peripheral coupling governs the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells. eLife 2022; 11:70278. [PMID: 35147077 PMCID: PMC8947769 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral coupling between the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and plasma membrane (PM) forms signaling complexes that regulate the membrane potential and contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The mechanisms responsible for these membrane interactions are poorly understood. In many cells, STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1), a single-transmembrane-domain protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), transiently moves to ER-PM junctions in response to depletion of ER Ca2+ stores and initiates store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Fully differentiated VSMCs express STIM1 but exhibit only marginal SOCE activity. We hypothesized that STIM1 is constitutively active in contractile VSMCs and maintains peripheral coupling. In support of this concept, we found that the number and size of SR-PM interacting sites were decreased, and SR-dependent Ca2+-signaling processes were disrupted in freshly isolated cerebral artery SMCs from tamoxifen-inducible, SMC-specific STIM1-knockout (Stim1-smKO) mice. VSMCs from Stim1-smKO mice also exhibited a reduction in nanoscale colocalization between Ca2+-release sites on the SR and Ca2+-activated ion channels on the PM, accompanied by diminished channel activity. Stim1-smKO mice were hypotensive, and resistance arteries isolated from them displayed blunted contractility. These data suggest that STIM1 – independent of SR Ca2+ store depletion – is critically important for stable peripheral coupling in contractile VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Albert L Gonzales
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Caoimhin S Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Evan Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Michael G Alvarado
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
| | - Martin T Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University, Hershey, United States
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, United States
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23
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Phan TX, Ton HT, Gulyás H, Pórszász R, Tóth A, Russo R, Kay MW, Sahibzada N, Ahern GP. TRPV1 in arteries enables a rapid myogenic tone. J Physiol 2022; 600:1651-1666. [PMID: 35020949 PMCID: PMC8976781 DOI: 10.1113/jp281873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS We explored the physiological role of TRPV1 in vascular smooth muscle. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arterioles both ex vivo and in vivo, increased coronary perfusion and decreased systemic blood pressure. Stretch of arteriolar myocytes and increases in intraluminal pressure in arteries triggered rapid Ca2+ signaling and vasoconstriction respectively. Pharmacologic and/or genetic disruption of TRPV1 significantly inhibited the magnitude and rate of these responses. Furthermore, disrupting TRPV1 blunted the rapid vasodilation evoked by arterial constriction. Pharmacological experiments identified key roles for phospholipase C and protein kinase C, combined with temperature, in TRPV1-dependent arterial tone. These results show that TRPV1 in arteriolar myocytes dynamically regulates myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle. ABSTRACT Arterioles maintain blow flow by adjusting their diameter in response to changes in local blood pressure. In this process called the myogenic response, a vascular smooth muscle mechanosensor controls tone predominantly through altering the membrane potential. In general, myogenic responses occur slowly (minutes). In the heart and skeletal muscle, however, tone is activated rapidly (tens of seconds) and terminated by brief (100 ms) arterial constrictions. Previously, we identified extensive expression of TRPV1 in the smooth muscle of arterioles supplying skeletal muscle, heart and fat. Here we reveal a critical role for TRPV1 in the rapid myogenic tone of these tissues. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arterioles in vitro and in vivo, increased coronary flow in isolated hearts, and transiently decreased blood pressure. All of these pharmacologic effects were abolished by genetic disruption of TRPV1. Stretch of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells or raised intravascular pressure in arteries triggered Ca2+ signaling and vasoconstriction. The majority of these stretch-responses were TRPV1-mediated, with the remaining tone being inhibited by the TRPM4 antagonist, 9-phenantrol. Notably, tone developed more quickly in arteries from wild-type compared with TRPV1-null mice. Furthermore, the immediate vasodilation following brief constriction of arterioles depended on TRPV1, consistent with a rapid deactivation of TRPV1. Pharmacologic experiments revealed that membrane stretch activates phospholipase C/protein kinase C signaling combined with heat to activate TRPV1, and in turn, L-type Ca2+ channels. These results suggest a critical role, for TRPV1 in the dynamic regulation of myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thieu X Phan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Biology, Vinh University, Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoai T Ton
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Biology, Vinh University, Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Hajnalka Gulyás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Pórszász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Rebekah Russo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Niaz Sahibzada
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gerard P Ahern
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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24
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Pharmacological Modulation and (Patho)Physiological Roles of TRPM4 Channel-Part 2: TRPM4 in Health and Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010040. [PMID: 35056097 PMCID: PMC8779181 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) is a unique member of the TRPM protein family and, similarly to TRPM5, is Ca2+ sensitive and permeable for monovalent but not divalent cations. It is widely expressed in many organs and is involved in several functions; it regulates membrane potential and Ca2+ homeostasis in both excitable and non-excitable cells. This part of the review discusses the currently available knowledge about the physiological and pathophysiological roles of TRPM4 in various tissues. These include the physiological functions of TRPM4 in the cells of the Langerhans islets of the pancreas, in various immune functions, in the regulation of vascular tone, in respiratory and other neuronal activities, in chemosensation, and in renal and cardiac physiology. TRPM4 contributes to pathological conditions such as overactive bladder, endothelial dysfunction, various types of malignant diseases and central nervous system conditions including stroke and injuries as well as in cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, hypertrophy, and ischemia-reperfusion injuries. TRPM4 claims more and more attention and is likely to be the topic of research in the future.
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25
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Hammoud A, Tikhomirov A, Myasishcheva G, Shaheen Z, Volkov A, Briko A, Shchukin S. Multi-Channel Bioimpedance System for Detecting Vascular Tone in Human Limbs: An Approach. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:138. [PMID: 35009681 PMCID: PMC8747465 DOI: 10.3390/s22010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tone plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure and coronary circulation, and it determines the peripheral vascular resistance. Vascular tone is dually regulated by the perivascular nerves and the cells in the inside lining of blood vessels (endothelial cells). Only a few methods for measuring vascular tone are available. Because of this, determining vascular tone in different arteries of the human body and monitoring tone changes is a vital challenge. This work presents an approach for determining vascular tone in human extremities based on multi-channel bioimpedance measurements. Detailed steps for processing the bioimpedance signals and extracting the main parameters from them have been presented. A graphical interface has been designed and implemented to display the vascular tone type in all channels with the phase of breathing during each cardiac cycle. This study is a key step towards understanding the way vascular tone changes in the extremities and how the nervous system regulates these changes. Future studies based on records of healthy and diseased people will contribute to increasing the possibility of early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hammoud
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexey Tikhomirov
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Galina Myasishcheva
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Zein Shaheen
- Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexander Volkov
- Scientific and Educational Medical-Technological Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey Briko
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shchukin
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
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26
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Dixon RE, Navedo MF, Binder MD, Santana LF. Mechanisms and Physiological Implications of Cooperative Gating of Ion Channels Clusters. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:1159-1210. [PMID: 34927454 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin-Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion channels have always been thought of as independent agents. A myriad of recent experimental findings exploiting advances in electrophysiology, structural biology, and imaging techniques, however, have posed a serious challenge to this long-held axiom as several classes of ion channels appear to open and close in a coordinated, cooperative manner. Ion channel cooperativity ranges from variable-sized oligomeric cooperative gating in voltage-gated, dihydropyridine-sensitive Cav1.2 and Cav1.3 channels to obligatory dimeric assembly and gating of voltage-gated Nav1.5 channels. Potassium channels, transient receptor potential channels, hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide-activated channels, ryanodine receptors (RyRs), and inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) have also been shown to gate cooperatively. The implications of cooperative gating of these ion channels range from fine tuning excitation-contraction coupling in muscle cells to regulating cardiac function and vascular tone, to modulation of action potential and conduction velocity in neurons and cardiac cells, and to control of pace-making activity in the heart. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms leading to cooperative gating of ion channels, their physiological consequences and how alterations in cooperative gating of ion channels may induce a range of clinically significant pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Ellen Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Marc D Binder
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - L Fernando Santana
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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27
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Zhang F, Cao H, Baranova A. Shared Genetic Liability and Causal Associations Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:735136. [PMID: 34859065 PMCID: PMC8631916 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.735136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is phenotypically associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aim to investigate mechanisms underlying relationships between MDD and CVD in the context of shared genetic variations. Polygenic overlap analysis was used to test genetic correlation and to analyze shared genetic variations between MDD and seven cardiovascular outcomes (coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse pressure measurement). Mendelian randomization analysis was used to uncover causal relationships between MDD and cardiovascular traits. By cross-trait meta-analysis, we identified a set of genomic loci shared between the traits of MDD and stroke. Putative causal genes for MDD and stroke were prioritized by fine-mapping of transcriptome-wide associations. Polygenic overlap analysis pointed toward substantial genetic variation overlap between MDD and CVD. Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that genetic liability to MDD has a causal effect on CAD and stroke. Comparison of genome-wide genes shared by MDD and CVD suggests 20q12 as a pleiotropic region conferring risk for both MDD and CVD. Cross-trait meta-analyses and fine-mapping of transcriptome-wide association signals identified novel risk genes for MDD and stroke, including RPL31P12, BORSC7, PNPT11, and PGF. Many genetic variations associated with MDD and CVD outcomes are shared, thus, pointing that genetic liability to MDD may also confer risk for stroke and CAD. Presented results shed light on mechanistic connections between MDD and CVD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuquan Zhang
- Wuxi Mental Health Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Neuropsychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbao Cao
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States.,Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Harraz OF, Jensen LJ. Vascular calcium signalling and ageing. J Physiol 2021; 599:5361-5377. [PMID: 34705288 PMCID: PMC9002240 DOI: 10.1113/jp280950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cellular Ca2+ levels have major influences on vascular function and blood pressure regulation. Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) orchestrate vascular activity in distinct ways, often involving highly specific fluctuations in Ca2+ signalling. Ageing is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the impact of ageing per se on vascular Ca2+ signalling has received insufficient attention. We reviewed the literature for age-related changes in Ca2+ signalling in relation to vascular structure and function. Vascular tone dysregulation in several vascular beds has been linked to abnormal expression or activity of SMC voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ -activated K+ channels or TRPC6 channels. Some of these effects were linked to altered caveolae density, microRNA expression or 20-HETE abundance. Intracellular store Ca2+ handling was suppressed in ageing mainly via reduced expression of intracellular Ca2+ release channels, and Ca2+ reuptake or efflux pumps. An increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, leading to oxidative stress, could also play a role in SMC hypercontractility and structural remodelling in ageing. In ECs, ageing entailed diverse effects on spontaneous and evoked Ca2+ transients, as well as structural changes at the EC-SMC interface. The concerted effects of altered Ca2+ signalling on myogenic tone, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, and vascular structure are likely to contribute to blood pressure dysregulation and blood flow distribution deficits in critical organs. With the increase in the world's ageing population, future studies should be directed at solving specific ageing-induced Ca2+ signalling deficits to combat the imminent accelerated vascular ageing and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama F. Harraz
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA,Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain Health, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Lars Jørn Jensen
- Pathobiological Sciences, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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29
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Jackson WF. Calcium-Dependent Ion Channels and the Regulation of Arteriolar Myogenic Tone. Front Physiol 2021; 12:770450. [PMID: 34819877 PMCID: PMC8607693 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.770450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterioles in the peripheral microcirculation regulate blood flow to and within tissues and organs, control capillary blood pressure and microvascular fluid exchange, govern peripheral vascular resistance, and contribute to the regulation of blood pressure. These important microvessels display pressure-dependent myogenic tone, the steady state level of contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that sets resting arteriolar internal diameter such that arterioles can both dilate and constrict to meet the blood flow and pressure needs of the tissues and organs that they perfuse. This perspective will focus on the Ca2+-dependent ion channels in the plasma and endoplasmic reticulum membranes of arteriolar VSMCs and endothelial cells (ECs) that regulate arteriolar tone. In VSMCs, Ca2+-dependent negative feedback regulation of myogenic tone is mediated by Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels and also Ca2+-dependent inactivation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC). Transient receptor potential subfamily M, member 4 channels (TRPM4); Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (CaCCs; TMEM16A/ANO1), Ca2+-dependent inhibition of voltage-gated K+ (KV) and ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels; and Ca2+-induced-Ca2+ release through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) participate in Ca2+-dependent positive-feedback regulation of myogenic tone. Calcium release from VSMC ryanodine receptors (RyRs) provide negative-feedback through Ca2+-spark-mediated control of BKCa channel activity, or positive-feedback regulation in cooperation with IP3Rs or CaCCs. In some arterioles, VSMC RyRs are silent. In ECs, transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 4 (TRPV4) channels produce Ca2+ sparklets that activate IP3Rs and intermediate and small conductance Ca2+ activated K+ (IKCa and sKCa) channels causing membrane hyperpolarization that is conducted to overlying VSMCs producing endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization and vasodilation. Endothelial IP3Rs produce Ca2+ pulsars, Ca2+ wavelets, Ca2+ waves and increased global Ca2+ levels activating EC sKCa and IKCa channels and causing Ca2+-dependent production of endothelial vasodilator autacoids such as NO, prostaglandin I2 and epoxides of arachidonic acid that mediate negative-feedback regulation of myogenic tone. Thus, Ca2+-dependent ion channels importantly contribute to many aspects of the regulation of myogenic tone in arterioles in the microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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30
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Kuppusamy M, Ottolini M, Sonkusare SK. Role of TRP ion channels in cerebral circulation and neurovascular communication. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136258. [PMID: 34560190 PMCID: PMC8572163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic regulation of blood flow is essential for meeting the high metabolic demands of the brain and maintaining brain function. Cerebral blood flow is regulated primarily by 1) the intrinsic mechanisms that determine vascular contractility and 2) signals from neurons and astrocytes that alter vascular contractility. Stimuli from neurons and astrocytes can also initiate a signaling cascade in the brain capillary endothelium to increase regional blood flow. Recent studies provide evidence that TRP channels in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, neurons, astrocytes, and perivascular nerves control cerebrovascular contractility and cerebral blood flow. TRP channels exert their functional effects either through cell membrane depolarization or by serving as a Ca2+ influx pathway. Endothelial cells and astrocytes also maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Both endothelial cells and astrocytes express TRP channels, and an increase in endothelial TRP channel activity has been linked with a disrupted endothelial barrier function. Therefore, TRP channels can play a potentially important role in regulating blood-brain barrier integrity. Here, we review the regulation of cerebrovascular contractility by TRP channels under healthy and disease conditions and their potential roles in maintaining blood-brain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maniselvan Kuppusamy
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matteo Ottolini
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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31
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Ali S, Solano AS, Gonzales AL, Thakore P, Krishnan V, Yamasaki E, Earley S. Nitric Oxide Signals Through IRAG to Inhibit TRPM4 Channels and Dilate Cerebral Arteries. FUNCTION (OXFORD, ENGLAND) 2021; 2:zqab051. [PMID: 34734188 PMCID: PMC8557268 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) relaxes vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and dilates blood vessels by increasing intracellular levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which stimulates the activity of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). However, the vasodilator mechanisms downstream of PKG remain incompletely understood. Here, we found that transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) cation channels, which are activated by Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through inositol triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) under native conditions, are essential for SMC membrane depolarization and vasoconstriction. We hypothesized that signaling via the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway causes vasodilation by inhibiting TRPM4. We found that TRPM4 currents activated by stretching the plasma membrane or directly activating IP3Rs were suppressed by exogenous NO or a membrane-permeable cGMP analog, the latter of which also impaired IP3R-mediated release of Ca2+ from the SR. The effects of NO on TRPM4 activity were blocked by inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase or PKG. Notably, upon phosphorylation by PKG, IRAG (IP3R-associated PKG substrate) inhibited IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release, and knockdown of IRAG expression diminished NO-mediated inhibition of TRPM4 activity and vasodilation. Using superresolution microscopy, we found that IRAG, PKG, and IP3Rs form a nanoscale signaling complex on the SR of SMCs. We conclude that NO/cGMP/PKG signaling through IRAG inhibits IP3R-dependent activation of TRPM4 channels in SMCs to dilate arteries. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Nitric oxide is a gaseous vasodilator produced by endothelial cells that is essential for cardiovascular function. Although NO-mediated signaling pathways have been intensively studied, the mechanisms by which they relax SMCs to dilate blood vessels remain incompletely understood. In this study, we show that NO causes vasodilation by inhibiting the activity of Ca2+-dependent TRPM4 cation channels. Probing further, we found that NO does not act directly on TRPM4 but instead initiates a signaling cascade that inhibits its activation by blocking the release of Ca2+ from the SR. Thus, our findings reveal the essential molecular pathways of NO-induced vasodilation-a fundamental unresolved concept in cardiovascular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Albert L Gonzales
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Vivek Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Evan Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
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32
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Fancher IS. Cardiovascular mechanosensitive ion channels-Translating physical forces into physiological responses. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:47-95. [PMID: 34696889 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells and tissues are constantly exposed to mechanical stress. In order to respond to alterations in mechanical stimuli, specific cellular machinery must be in place to rapidly convert physical force into chemical signaling to achieve the desired physiological responses. Mechanosensitive ion channels respond to such physical stimuli in the order of microseconds and are therefore essential components to mechanotransduction. Our understanding of how these ion channels contribute to cellular and physiological responses to mechanical force has vastly expanded in the last few decades due to engineering ingenuities accompanying patch clamp electrophysiology, as well as sophisticated molecular and genetic approaches. Such investigations have unveiled major implications for mechanosensitive ion channels in cardiovascular health and disease. Therefore, in this chapter I focus on our present understanding of how biophysical activation of various mechanosensitive ion channels promotes distinct cell signaling events with tissue-specific physiological responses in the cardiovascular system. Specifically, I discuss the roles of mechanosensitive ion channels in mediating (i) endothelial and smooth muscle cell control of vascular tone, (ii) mechano-electric feedback and cell signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, and (iii) the baroreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
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33
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Drummond HA. What Evolutionary Evidence Implies About the Identity of the Mechanoelectrical Couplers in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:292-306. [PMID: 34431420 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00008.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of pressure-induced vasoconstriction increases susceptibility to renal and cerebral vascular injury. Favored paradigms underlying initiation of the response include transient receptor potential channels coupled to G protein-coupled receptors or integrins as transducers. Degenerin channels may also mediate the response. This review addresses the 1) evolutionary role of these molecules in mechanosensing, 2) limitations to identifying mechanosensitive molecules, and 3) paradigm shifting molecular model for a VSMC mechanosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Drummond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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34
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Jackson WF. Myogenic Tone in Peripheral Resistance Arteries and Arterioles: The Pressure Is On! Front Physiol 2021; 12:699517. [PMID: 34366889 PMCID: PMC8339585 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance arteries and downstream arterioles in the peripheral microcirculation contribute substantially to peripheral vascular resistance, control of blood pressure, the distribution of blood flow to and within tissues, capillary pressure, and microvascular fluid exchange. A hall-mark feature of these vessels is myogenic tone. This pressure-induced, steady-state level of vascular smooth muscle activity maintains arteriolar and resistance artery internal diameter at 50–80% of their maximum passive diameter providing these vessels with the ability to dilate, reducing vascular resistance, and increasing blood flow, or constrict to produce the opposite effect. Despite the central importance of resistance artery and arteriolar myogenic tone in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, our understanding of signaling pathways underlying this key microvascular property remains incomplete. This brief review will present our current understanding of the multiple mechanisms that appear to underlie myogenic tone, including the roles played by G-protein-coupled receptors, a variety of ion channels, and several kinases that have been linked to pressure-induced, steady-state activity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the wall of resistance arteries and arterioles. Emphasis will be placed on the portions of the signaling pathways underlying myogenic tone for which there is lack of consensus in the literature and areas where our understanding is clearly incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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35
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Ottolini M, Sonkusare SK. The Calcium Signaling Mechanisms in Arterial Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1831-1869. [PMID: 33792900 PMCID: PMC10388069 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The contractile state of resistance arteries and arterioles is a crucial determinant of blood pressure and blood flow. Physiological regulation of arterial contractility requires constant communication between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Various Ca2+ signals and Ca2+ -sensitive targets ensure dynamic control of intercellular communications in the vascular wall. The functional effect of a Ca2+ signal on arterial contractility depends on the type of Ca2+ -sensitive target engaged by that signal. Recent studies using advanced imaging methods have identified the spatiotemporal signatures of individual Ca2+ signals that control arterial and arteriolar contractility. Broadly speaking, intracellular Ca2+ is increased by ion channels and transporters on the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticular membrane. Physiological roles for many vascular Ca2+ signals have already been confirmed, while further investigation is needed for other Ca2+ signals. This article focuses on endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signaling mechanisms in resistance arteries and arterioles. We discuss the Ca2+ entry pathways at the plasma membrane, Ca2+ release signals from the intracellular stores, the functional and physiological relevance of Ca2+ signals, and their regulatory mechanisms. Finally, we describe the contribution of abnormal endothelial and smooth muscle Ca2+ signals to the pathogenesis of vascular disorders. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1831-1869, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ottolini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Korishettar AM, Nishijima Y, Wang Z, Xie Y, Fang J, Wilcox DA, Zhang DX. Endothelin-1 potentiates TRPV1-mediated vasoconstriction of human adipose arterioles in a protein kinase C-dependent manner. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:709-725. [PMID: 33184836 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The TRPV cation channels have emerged as important regulators of vascular tone. TRPV1 channels and endothelin-1 are independently associated with the pathophysiology of coronary vasospasm, but the relationship between their vasomotor functions remains unclear. We characterized the vasomotor function of TRPV1 channels in human arterioles and investigated regulation of their vasomotor function by endothelin-1. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Human arterioles (mainly from adipose tissue) were threaded on two metal wires, equilibrated in a physiological buffer at 37°C and exposed to increasing concentrations of capsaicin, with or without SB366791 (TRPV1-selective inhibitor) or GF109203X (PKC-selective inhibitor). Some arterioles were pre-constricted with endothelin-1 or phenylephrine or high potassium buffer. TRPV1 mRNA and protein expression in human arteries were also assessed. KEY RESULTS TRPV1 transcripts and proteins were detected in human resistance arteries. Capsaicin (1 μM) induced concentration-dependent constriction of endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded human adipose arterioles (HAA), which was significantly inhibited by SB366791. Pre-constriction of HAA with endothelin-1, but not high potassium buffer or phenylephrine, significantly potentiated capsaicin (0.1 μM)-induced constriction. GF109203X significantly inhibited potentiation of capsaicin-induced constriction by endothelin-1. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS TRPV1 channels are expressed in the human vasculature and affect vascular tone of human arterioles on activation. Their vasomotor function is modulated by endothelin-1, mediated in part by PKC. These findings reveal a novel interplay between endothelin-1 signalling and TRPV1 channels in human VSMC, adding to our understanding of the ion channel mechanisms that regulate human arteriolar tone and may also contribute to the pathophysiology of coronary vasospasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush M Korishettar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yoshinori Nishijima
- Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yangjing Xie
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Juan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Children's Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David A Wilcox
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Children's Research Institute, The Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - David X Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine - Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Hariharan A, Weir N, Robertson C, He L, Betsholtz C, Longden TA. The Ion Channel and GPCR Toolkit of Brain Capillary Pericytes. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:601324. [PMID: 33390906 PMCID: PMC7775489 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.601324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain pericytes reside on the abluminal surface of capillaries, and their processes cover ~90% of the length of the capillary bed. These cells were first described almost 150 years ago (Eberth, 1871; Rouget, 1873) and have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny in recent years, but their physiological roles remain uncertain and little is known of the complement of signaling elements that they employ to carry out their functions. In this review, we synthesize functional data with single-cell RNAseq screens to explore the ion channel and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) toolkit of mesh and thin-strand pericytes of the brain, with the aim of providing a framework for deeper explorations of the molecular mechanisms that govern pericyte physiology. We argue that their complement of channels and receptors ideally positions capillary pericytes to play a central role in adapting blood flow to meet the challenge of satisfying neuronal energy requirements from deep within the capillary bed, by enabling dynamic regulation of their membrane potential to influence the electrical output of the cell. In particular, we outline how genetic and functional evidence suggest an important role for Gs-coupled GPCRs and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in this context. We put forth a predictive model for long-range hyperpolarizing electrical signaling from pericytes to upstream arterioles, and detail the TRP and Ca2+ channels and Gq, Gi/o, and G12/13 signaling processes that counterbalance this. We underscore critical questions that need to be addressed to further advance our understanding of the signaling topology of capillary pericytes, and how this contributes to their physiological roles and their dysfunction in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nick Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Colin Robertson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Liqun He
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medicine Huddinge (MedH), Karolinska Institutet & Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Chen X, Sooch G, Demaree IS, White FA, Obukhov AG. Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) Channels: Then and Now. Cells 2020; 9:E1983. [PMID: 32872338 PMCID: PMC7565274 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five years ago, the first mammalian Transient Receptor Potential Canonical (TRPC) channel was cloned, opening the vast horizon of the TRPC field. Today, we know that there are seven TRPC channels (TRPC1-7). TRPCs exhibit the highest protein sequence similarity to the Drosophila melanogaster TRP channels. Similar to Drosophila TRPs, TRPCs are localized to the plasma membrane and are activated in a G-protein-coupled receptor-phospholipase C-dependent manner. TRPCs may also be stimulated in a store-operated manner, via receptor tyrosine kinases, or by lysophospholipids, hypoosmotic solutions, and mechanical stimuli. Activated TRPCs allow the influx of Ca2+ and monovalent alkali cations into the cytosol of cells, leading to cell depolarization and rising intracellular Ca2+ concentration. TRPCs are involved in the continually growing number of cell functions. Furthermore, mutations in the TRPC6 gene are associated with hereditary diseases, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The most important recent breakthrough in TRPC research was the solving of cryo-EM structures of TRPC3, TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPC6. These structural data shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying TRPCs' functional properties and propelled the development of new modulators of the channels. This review provides a historical overview of the major advances in the TRPC field focusing on the role of gene knockouts and pharmacological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjuan Chen
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China;
| | - Gagandeep Sooch
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Isaac S. Demaree
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
| | - Fletcher A. White
- The Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Alexander G. Obukhov
- The Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.S.); (I.S.D.)
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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PIP 2: A critical regulator of vascular ion channels hiding in plain sight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:20378-20389. [PMID: 32764146 PMCID: PMC7456132 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006737117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), has long been established as a major contributor to intracellular signaling, primarily by virtue of its role as a substrate for phospholipase C (PLC). Signaling by Gq-protein-coupled receptors triggers PLC-mediated hydrolysis of PIP2 into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol, which are well known to modulate vascular ion channel activity. Often overlooked, however, is the role PIP2 itself plays in this regulation. Although numerous reports have demonstrated that PIP2 is critical for ion channel regulation, how it impacts vascular function has received scant attention. In this review, we focus on PIP2 as a regulator of ion channels in smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells-the two major classes of vascular cells. We further address the concerted effects of such regulation on vascular function and blood flow control. We close with a consideration of current knowledge regarding disruption of PIP2 regulation of vascular ion channels in disease.
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40
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TRPC and TRPV Channels' Role in Vascular Remodeling and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176125. [PMID: 32854408 PMCID: PMC7503586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potentials (TRPs) are non-selective cation channels that are widely expressed in vascular beds. They contribute to the Ca2+ influx evoked by a wide spectrum of chemical and physical stimuli, both in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Within the superfamily of TRP channels, different isoforms of TRPC (canonical) and TRPV (vanilloid) have emerged as important regulators of vascular tone and blood flow pressure. Additionally, several lines of evidence derived from animal models, and even from human subjects, highlighted the role of TRPC and TRPV in vascular remodeling and disease. Dysregulation in the function and/or expression of TRPC and TRPV isoforms likely regulates vascular smooth muscle cells switching from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. This process contributes to the development and progression of vascular disorders, such as systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the implication of TRPC and TRPV in the physiological and pathological processes of some frequent vascular diseases.
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41
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Maladaptive response of arterial myocytes to chronic exposure to Ca 2+ channel blockers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:18151-18153. [PMID: 32680960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011909117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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42
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Hong KS, Lee MG. Endothelial Ca 2+ signaling-dependent vasodilation through transient receptor potential channels. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:287-298. [PMID: 32587123 PMCID: PMC7317173 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.4.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling of endothelial cells plays a critical role in controlling blood flow and pressure in small arteries and arterioles. As the impairment of endothelial function is closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis, stroke, and hypertension), endothelial Ca2+ signaling mechanisms have received substantial attention. Increases in endothelial intracellular Ca2+ concentrations promote the synthesis and release of endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs, e.g., nitric oxide, prostacyclin, or K+ efflux) or directly result in endothelial-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). These physiological alterations modulate vascular contractility and cause marked vasodilation in resistance arteries. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are nonselective cation channels that are present in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle cells, or perivascular/sensory nerves. TRP channels are activated by diverse stimuli and are considered key biological apparatuses for the Ca2+ influx-dependent regulation of vasomotor reactivity in resistance arteries. Ca2+-permeable TRP channels, which are primarily found at spatially restricted microdomains in endothelial cells (e.g., myoendothelial projections), have a large unitary or binary conductance and contribute to EDHFs or EDH-induced vasodilation in concert with the activation of intermediate/small conductance Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels. It is likely that endothelial TRP channel dysfunction is related to the dysregulation of endothelial Ca2+ signaling and in turn gives rise to vascular-related diseases such as hypertension. Thus, investigations on the role of Ca2+ dynamics via TRP channels in endothelial cells are required to further comprehend how vascular tone or perfusion pressure are regulated in normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seok Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Man-Gyoon Lee
- Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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43
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Hong KS, Kim K, Hill MA. Regulation of blood flow in small arteries: mechanosensory events underlying myogenic vasoconstriction. J Exerc Rehabil 2020; 16:207-215. [PMID: 32724777 PMCID: PMC7365734 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2040432.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As blood flow is proportional to the fourth power of the vascular radius small changes in the diameter of resistance arteries/arterioles following an increase in intraluminal pressure would be expected to substantially increase blood flow. However, arteriolar myocytes display an intrinsic ability to locally regulate blood flow according to metabolic demands by tuning the diameter of small arteries in response to local changes in he-modynamics. Critical to this, observations were made more than 100 years ago that mechanosensitive small arteries exhibit the "myogenic response" or pressure-induced vasoconstriction or vasodilation in re-sponse to increased or decreased intravascular pressure, respectively. Although cellular mechanisms underlying the myogenic response have now been studied extensively, the precise cellular mechanisms under-lying this intriguing phenomenon still remain uncertain. In particular, the biological machinery that senses changes in intravascular pressure in vascular smooth muscle cells have not been unquestionably identified and remain a significant issue in vascular biology to be fully elucidated. As such, this brief review focuses on putative mechanosensors that have been proposed to contribute to myogenic vasoreactivity. Specific attention is paid to the roles of integrins, G protein-coupled receptors, and cadherins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Seok Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kijeong Kim
- School of Exercise & Sport Science, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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44
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Nemeth Z, Hildebrandt E, Ryan MJ, Granger JP, Drummond HA. Pressure-induced constriction of the middle cerebral artery is abolished in TrpC6 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H42-H50. [PMID: 32412783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00126.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pressure-induced constriction (PIC) is an inherent response of small arteries and arterioles in which increases in intraluminal pressure evoke vasoconstriction. It is a critical mechanism of blood flow autoregulation in the kidney and brain. Degenerin (Deg) and transient receptor potential (Trp) protein families have been implicated in transduction of PIC because of evolutionary links to mechanosensing in the nematode and fly. While TrpC6 has been suggested to contribute to PIC signaling, direct supporting evidence is contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the importance of TrpC6 in PIC signaling using a mouse model lacking TrpC6. To address this aim, we evaluated graded pressure (20-90 mmHg), depolarization (4-80 mM KCl)-, and adrenergic receptor (phenylephrine; PE 10-7-10-4 M)-mediated constriction of isolated middle cerebral artery (MCA) segments from 9-wk-old male wild-type (TrpC6+/+, n = 7) and homozygous null (TrpC6-/-, n = 9) TrpC6 mice (Jackson Laboratories). Isolated MCA segments were cannulated and pressurized with physiological salt solution using pressure myography (Living Systems). Vasoconstrictor responses to KCl and PE were identical in TrpC6-/- and TrpC6+/+ mice. In contrast, PIC responses were totally abolished in TrpC6-/- mice. At 90 mmHg, the calculated myogenic tone was -0.8 ± 0.5 vs. 10.7 ± 1.7%, P = 0.0002 in TrpC6-/- and TrpC6+/+ mice, respectively. Additionally, there were no changes in mechanical properties of circumferential wall strain and stress or morphological properties of wall thickness and wall-to-lumen ratio at 50 mmHg between TrpPC6-/- and TrpC6+/+ mice. Although these results demonstrate that TrpC6 is critical for the integrated PIC response, they do not identify whether TrpC6 acts as a mechanosensor or a downstream signaling component.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pressure-induced, but not agonist-induced, vasoconstriction is abolished in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of TrpC6 null mice. TrpC6 localization in dissociated cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells is primarily cytoplasmic and not associated with the surface membrane where a mechanoelectrical coupler might be expected. These findings suggest that TrpC6 is required for transduction of pressure-induced constriction in the MCA; however, its role as a mechanoelectrical coupler or downstream signal amplifier remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Nemeth
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Emily Hildebrandt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Heather A Drummond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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45
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Garcia DCG, Longden TA. Ion channels in capillary endothelium. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 85:261-300. [PMID: 32402642 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vascular beds are anatomically and functionally compartmentalized into arteries, capillaries, and veins. The bulk of the vasculature consists of the dense, anastomosing capillary network, composed of capillary endothelial cells (cECs) that are intimately associated with the parenchyma. Despite their abundance, the ion channel expression and function and Ca2+ signaling behaviors of capillaries have only recently begun to be explored in detail. Here, we discuss the established and emerging roles of ion channels and Ca2+ signaling in cECs. By mining a publicly available RNA-seq dataset, we outline the wide variety of ion channel genes that are expressed in these cells, which potentially imbue capillaries with a broad range of sensing and signal transduction capabilities. We also underscore subtle but critical differences between cEC and arteriolar EC ion channel expression that likely underlie key functional differences in ECs at these different levels of the vascular tree. We focus our discussion on the cerebral vasculature, but the findings and principles being elucidated in this area likely generalize to other vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C G Garcia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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46
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Barabas P, Augustine J, Fernández JA, McGeown JG, McGahon MK, Curtis TM. Ion channels and myogenic activity in retinal arterioles. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 85:187-226. [PMID: 32402639 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pressure autoregulation is an important mechanism that protects the retina by stabilizing retinal blood flow during changes in arterial or intraocular pressure. Similar to other vascular beds, retinal pressure autoregulation is thought to be mediated largely through the myogenic response of small arteries and arterioles which constrict when transmural pressure increases or dilate when it decreases. Over recent years, we and others have investigated the signaling pathways underlying the myogenic response in retinal arterioles, with particular emphasis on the involvement of different ion channels expressed in the smooth muscle layer of these vessels. Here, we review and extend previous work on the expression and spatial distribution of the plasma membrane and sarcoplasmic reticulum ion channels present in retinal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and discuss their contribution to pressure-induced myogenic tone in retinal arterioles. This includes new data demonstrating that several key players and modulators of the myogenic response show distinctively heterogeneous expression along the length of the retinal arteriolar network, suggesting differences in myogenic signaling between larger and smaller pre-capillary arterioles. Our immunohistochemical investigations have also highlighted the presence of actin-containing microstructures called myobridges that connect the retinal VSMCs to one another. Although further work is still needed, studies to date investigating myogenic mechanisms in the retina have contributed to a better understanding of how blood flow is regulated in this tissue. They also provide a basis to direct future research into retinal diseases where blood flow changes contribute to the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Barabas
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - José A Fernández
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - J Graham McGeown
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mary K McGahon
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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Kv2.1 channels play opposing roles in regulating membrane potential, Ca 2+ channel function, and myogenic tone in arterial smooth muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3858-3866. [PMID: 32015129 PMCID: PMC7035623 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917879117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The accepted role of the protein Kv2.1 in arterial smooth muscle cells is to form K+ channels in the sarcolemma. Opening of Kv2.1 channels causes membrane hyperpolarization, which decreases the activity of L-type CaV1.2 channels, lowering intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and causing smooth muscle relaxation. A limitation of this model is that it is based exclusively on data from male arterial myocytes. Here, we used a combination of electrophysiology as well as imaging approaches to investigate the role of Kv2.1 channels in male and female arterial myocytes. We confirmed that Kv2.1 plays a canonical conductive role but found it also has a structural role in arterial myocytes to enhance clustering of CaV1.2 channels. Less than 1% of Kv2.1 channels are conductive and induce membrane hyperpolarization. Paradoxically, by enhancing the structural clustering and probability of CaV1.2-CaV1.2 interactions within these clusters, Kv2.1 increases Ca2+ influx. These functional impacts of Kv2.1 depend on its level of expression, which varies with sex. In female myocytes, where expression of Kv2.1 protein is higher than in male myocytes, Kv2.1 has conductive and structural roles. Female myocytes have larger CaV1.2 clusters, larger [Ca2+]i, and larger myogenic tone than male myocytes. In contrast, in male myocytes, Kv2.1 channels regulate membrane potential but not CaV1.2 channel clustering. We propose a model in which Kv2.1 function varies with sex: in males, Kv2.1 channels control membrane potential but, in female myocytes, Kv2.1 plays dual electrical and CaV1.2 clustering roles. This contributes to sex-specific regulation of excitability, [Ca2+]i, and myogenic tone in arterial myocytes.
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Yamasaki E, Thakore P, Krishnan V, Earley S. Differential expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor subtypes within the cerebral microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H461-H469. [PMID: 31886721 PMCID: PMC7052625 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00582.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Arteries and arterioles constrict in response to intraluminal pressure to generate myogenic tone, but the molecular nature of the vascular force-sensing mechanism is not fully characterized. Here, we investigated the role of angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1Rs) on vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of myogenic tone in cerebral parenchymal arterioles from mice. We found that pretreatment with the AT1R blocker losartan inhibited the development of myogenic tone in these vessels but did not alter the luminal diameter of arterioles with preestablished tone. Rodents express two AT1R isotypes: AT1Ra and AT1Rb. We previously demonstrated that AT1Rb is expressed at much higher levels compared with AT1Ra in cerebral pial arteries and is required for myogenic contractility in these vessels, whereas AT1Ra is unnecessary for this function. Here, we found that AT1Ra and AT1Rb are expressed at similar levels in parenchymal arterioles and that genetic knockout of AT1Ra blunted the ability of these vessels to generate myogenic tone. We also found that AT1Rb and total AT1R expression levels are much lower in parenchymal arterioles compared with pial arteries and that parenchymal arterioles are less sensitive to the vasoconstrictive effects of the endogenous AT1R ligand angiotensin II (ANG II). We conclude that 1) AT1Rs are critical for the initiation, but not the maintenance, of myogenic tone in parenchymal arterioles, and 2) lower levels of AT1Rb and total AT1R in parenchymal arterioles compared with pial arteries result in differences in myogenic and ANG II-induced vasoconstriction between these vascular segments.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myogenic tone is critical for appropriate regulation of cerebral blood flow, but the mechanisms used by vascular smooth muscle cells to detect changes in intraluminal pressure are not fully characterized. Here, we demonstrate angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) is indispensable to initiation, but not maintenance, of myogenic tone in cerebral parenchymal arterioles. Furthermore, we demonstrate differences in AT1R expression levels lead to critical differences in contractile regulation between parenchymal arterioles and cerebral pial arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Vivek Krishnan
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
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Ion channels and the regulation of myogenic tone in peripheral arterioles. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 85:19-58. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Ottolini M, Hong K, Sonkusare SK. Calcium signals that determine vascular resistance. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 11:e1448. [PMID: 30884210 PMCID: PMC6688910 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small arteries in the body control vascular resistance, and therefore, blood pressure and blood flow. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the arterial walls respond to various stimuli by altering the vascular resistance on a moment to moment basis. Smooth muscle cells can directly influence arterial diameter by contracting or relaxing, whereas endothelial cells that line the inner walls of the arteries modulate the contractile state of surrounding smooth muscle cells. Cytosolic calcium is a key driver of endothelial and smooth muscle cell functions. Cytosolic calcium can be increased either by calcium release from intracellular stores through IP3 or ryanodine receptors, or the influx of extracellular calcium through ion channels at the cell membrane. Depending on the cell type, spatial localization, source of a calcium signal, and the calcium-sensitive target activated, a particular calcium signal can dilate or constrict the arteries. Calcium signals in the vasculature can be classified into several types based on their source, kinetics, and spatial and temporal properties. The calcium signaling mechanisms in smooth muscle and endothelial cells have been extensively studied in the native or freshly isolated cells, therefore, this review is limited to the discussions of studies in native or freshly isolated cells. This article is categorized under: Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ottolini
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Physical Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, South Korea
| | - Swapnil K. Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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