1
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Mastos C, Xu X, Keen AC, Halls ML. Signalling of Adrenoceptors: Canonical Pathways and New Paradigms. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38227198 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The concept of G protein-coupled receptors initially arose from studies of the β-adrenoceptor, adenylyl cyclase, and cAMP signalling pathway. Since then both canonical G protein-coupled receptor signalling pathways and emerging paradigms in receptor signalling have been defined by experiments focused on adrenoceptors. Here, we discuss the evidence for G protein coupling specificity of the nine adrenoceptor subtypes. We summarise the ability of each of the adrenoceptors to activate proximal signalling mediators including cAMP, calcium, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and protein kinase C pathways. Finally, we highlight the importance of precise spatial and temporal control of adrenoceptor signalling that is controlled by the localisation of receptors at intracellular membranes and in larger protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Mastos
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle L Halls
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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2
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González B, Mirzaei M, Basu S, Pujari AN, Vandermeulen MD, Prabhakar A, Cullen PJ. Turnover and bypass of p21-activated kinase during Cdc42-dependent MAPK signaling in yeast. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105297. [PMID: 37774975 PMCID: PMC10641623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate multiple cellular behaviors, including the response to stress and cell differentiation, and are highly conserved across eukaryotes. MAPK pathways can be activated by the interaction between the small GTPase Cdc42p and the p21-activated kinase (Ste20p in yeast). By studying MAPK pathway regulation in yeast, we recently found that the active conformation of Cdc42p is regulated by turnover, which impacts the activity of the pathway that regulates filamentous growth (fMAPK). Here, we show that Ste20p is regulated in a similar manner and is turned over by the 26S proteasome. This turnover did not occur when Ste20p was bound to Cdc42p, which presumably stabilized the protein to sustain MAPK pathway signaling. Although Ste20p is a major component of the fMAPK pathway, genetic approaches here identified a Ste20p-independent branch of signaling. Ste20p-independent signaling partially required the fMAPK pathway scaffold and Cdc42p-interacting protein, Bem4p, while Ste20p-dependent signaling required the 14-3-3 proteins, Bmh1p and Bmh2p. Interestingly, Ste20p-independent signaling was inhibited by one of the GTPase-activating proteins for Cdc42p, Rga1p, which unexpectedly dampened basal but not active fMAPK pathway activity. These new regulatory features of the Rho GTPase and p21-activated kinase module may extend to related pathways in other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz González
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Mahnoosh Mirzaei
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sukanya Basu
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Atindra N Pujari
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Matthew D Vandermeulen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Aditi Prabhakar
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA.
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3
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Eisner D, Neher E, Taschenberger H, Smith G. Physiology of intracellular calcium buffering. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2767-2845. [PMID: 37326298 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium signaling underlies much of physiology. Almost all the Ca2+ in the cytoplasm is bound to buffers, with typically only ∼1% being freely ionized at resting levels in most cells. Physiological Ca2+ buffers include small molecules and proteins, and experimentally Ca2+ indicators will also buffer calcium. The chemistry of interactions between Ca2+ and buffers determines the extent and speed of Ca2+ binding. The physiological effects of Ca2+ buffers are determined by the kinetics with which they bind Ca2+ and their mobility within the cell. The degree of buffering depends on factors such as the affinity for Ca2+, the Ca2+ concentration, and whether Ca2+ ions bind cooperatively. Buffering affects both the amplitude and time course of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals as well as changes of Ca2+ concentration in organelles. It can also facilitate Ca2+ diffusion inside the cell. Ca2+ buffering affects synaptic transmission, muscle contraction, Ca2+ transport across epithelia, and the killing of bacteria. Saturation of buffers leads to synaptic facilitation and tetanic contraction in skeletal muscle and may play a role in inotropy in the heart. This review focuses on the link between buffer chemistry and function and how Ca2+ buffering affects normal physiology and the consequences of changes in disease. As well as summarizing what is known, we point out the many areas where further work is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eisner
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Neher
- Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Taschenberger
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Godfrey Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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4
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Gonz Lez B, Mirzaei M, Basu S, Prabhakar A, Cullen PJ. New Features Surrounding the Cdc42-Ste20 Module that Regulates MAP Kinase Signaling in Yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530426. [PMID: 36909494 PMCID: PMC10002611 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways regulate multiple cellular responses, including the response to stress and cell differentiation, and are highly conserved across eukaryotes from yeast to humans. In yeast, the canonical activation of several MAPK pathways includes the interaction of the small GTPase Cdc42p with the p21-activated kinase (PAK) Ste20p. We recently found that the active conformation of Cdc42p is regulated by turnover, which impacts the activity of the pathway that regulates filamentous growth (fMAPK). Here, we show that Ste20p is turned over by the 26S proteasome. Ste20p was stabilized when bound to Cdc42p, presumably to sustain MAPK pathway signaling. Ste20p is a major conduit by which signals flow through the fMAPK pathway; however, by genetic approaches we also identified a Ste20p-independent branch of the fMAPK pathway. Ste20p-dependent signaling required the 14-3-3 proteins, Bmh1p and Bmh2p, while Ste20p-independent signaling required the fMAPK pathway adaptor and Cdc42p-interacting protein, Bem4p. Ste20p-independent signaling was inhibited by one of the GTPase-activating proteins for Cdc42p in the fMAPK pathway, Rga1p, which also dampened basal but not active fMAPK pathway activity. Finally, the polarity adaptor and Cdc42p-interacting protein, Bem1p, which also regulates the fMAPK pathway, interacts with the tetra-span protein Sho1p, connecting a sensor at the plasma membrane to a protein that regulates the GTPase module. Collectively, these data reveal new regulatory features surrounding a Rho-PAK module that may extend to other pathways that control cell differentiation.
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5
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Ulengin-Talkish I, Cyert MS. A cellular atlas of calcineurin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119366. [PMID: 36191737 PMCID: PMC9948804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ signals are temporally controlled and spatially restricted. Signaling occurs adjacent to sites of Ca2+ entry and/or release, where Ca2+-dependent effectors and their substrates co-localize to form signaling microdomains. Here we review signaling by calcineurin, the Ca2+/calmodulin regulated protein phosphatase and target of immunosuppressant drugs, Cyclosporin A and FK506. Although well known for its activation of the adaptive immune response via NFAT dephosphorylation, systematic mapping of human calcineurin substrates and regulators reveals unexpected roles for this versatile phosphatase throughout the cell. We discuss calcineurin function, with an emphasis on where signaling occurs and mechanisms that target calcineurin and its substrates to signaling microdomains, especially binding of cognate short linear peptide motifs (SLiMs). Calcineurin is ubiquitously expressed and regulates events at the plasma membrane, other intracellular membranes, mitochondria, the nuclear pore complex and centrosomes/cilia. Based on our expanding knowledge of localized CN actions, we describe a cellular atlas of Ca2+/calcineurin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha S Cyert
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94035, United States.
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6
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The mechanisms of chromogranin B-regulated Cl- homeostasis. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1659-1672. [PMID: 36511243 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chloride is the most abundant inorganic anions in almost all cells and in human circulation systems. Its homeostasis is therefore important for systems physiology and normal cellular activities. This topic has been extensively studied with chloride loaders and extruders expressed in both cell surfaces and intracellular membranes. With the newly discovered, large-conductance, highly selective Cl- channel formed by membrane-bound chromogranin B (CHGB), which differs from all other known anion channels of conventional transmembrane topology, and is distributed in plasma membranes, endomembrane systems, endosomal, and endolysosomal compartments in cells expressing it, we will discuss the potential physiological importance of the CHGB channels to Cl- homeostasis, cellular excitability and volume control, and cation uptake or release at the cellular and subcellular levels. These considerations and CHGB's association with human diseases make the CHGB channel a possible druggable target for future molecular therapeutics.
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7
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Zajac M, Modi S, Krishnan Y. The evolution of organellar calcium mapping technologies. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102658. [PMID: 36274564 PMCID: PMC10224794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ fluxes are dynamically controlled by the co-involvement of multiple organellar pools of stored Ca2+. Endolysosomes are emerging as physiologically critical, yet underexplored, sources and sinks of intracellular Ca2+. Delineating the role of organelles in Ca2+ signaling has relied on chemical fluorescent probes and electrophysiological strategies. However, the acidic endolysosomal environment presents unique issues, which preclude the use of traditional chemical reporter strategies to map lumenal Ca2+. Here, we broadly address the current state of knowledge about organellar Ca2+ pools. We then outline the application of traditional probes, and their sensing paradigms. We then discuss how a new generation of probes overcomes the limitations of traditional Ca2+probes, emphasizing their ability to offer critical insights into endolysosomal Ca2+, and its feedback with other organellar pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Zajac
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Souvik Modi
- Esya Labs, Translation and Innovation Hub, Imperial College White City Campus, 84 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Yamuna Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60637, USA.
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8
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Martins M, Fernandes AS, Saraiva N. GOLGI: Cancer cell fate control. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 145:106174. [PMID: 35182766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence connects many of the Golgi known functions with cellular events related to cancer initiation and progression, including regulation of cell survival/death, proliferation, motility, metabolism and immune evasion. However, a broad and integrated understanding of the impact of the Golgi on cancer cell phenotype has not yet been achieved. Multiple cellular events involving the Golgi are associated with protein and lipid modification and trafficking. However, less explored aspects of this enigmatic organelle also contribute to cell fate decision-making by impacting signal transduction, redox and ion homeostasis. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms and Golgi proteins underlying the impact of the Golgi on cancer cell phenotype. Special emphasis is given to emerging knowledge on redox and ion homeostasis. Current and potential cancer progression therapeutic strategies associated with this organelle will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martins
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS - Universidade Lusófona's Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal.
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9
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Hurley ME, Sheard TMD, Norman R, Kirton HM, Shah SS, Pervolaraki E, Yang Z, Gamper N, White E, Steele D, Jayasinghe I. A correlative super-resolution protocol to visualise structural underpinnings of fast second-messenger signalling in primary cell types. Methods 2021; 193:27-37. [PMID: 33059034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanometre-scale cellular information obtained through super-resolution microscopies are often unaccompanied by functional information, particularly transient and diffusible signals through which life is orchestrated in the nano-micrometre spatial scale. We describe a correlative imaging protocol which allows the ubiquitous intracellular second messenger, calcium (Ca2+), to be directly visualised against nanoscale patterns of the ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca2+ channels which give rise to these Ca2+ signals in wildtype primary cells. This was achieved by combining total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging of the elementary Ca2+ signals, with the subsequent DNA-PAINT imaging of the RyRs. We report a straightforward image analysis protocol of feature extraction and image alignment between correlative datasets and demonstrate how such data can be used to visually identify the ensembles of Ca2+ channels that are locally activated during the genesis of cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Hurley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Thomas M D Sheard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ruth Norman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hannah M Kirton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shihab S Shah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eleftheria Pervolaraki
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Zhaokang Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nikita Gamper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ed White
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Derek Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Izzy Jayasinghe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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10
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Park JH, Nakamura Y, Li W, Hamanaka G, Arai K, Lo EH, Hayakawa K. Effects of O-GlcNAcylation on functional mitochondrial transfer from astrocytes. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:1523-1535. [PMID: 33153373 PMCID: PMC8221762 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20969588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria may be transferred from cell to cell in the central nervous system and this process may help defend neurons against injury and disease. But how mitochondria maintain their functionality during the process of release into extracellular space remains unknown. Here, we report that mitochondrial protein O-GlcNAcylation is a critical process to support extracellular mitochondrial functionality. Activation of CD38-cADPR signaling in astrocytes robustly induced protein O-GlcNAcylation in mitochondria, while oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation showed transient and mild protein modification. Blocking the endoplasmic reticulum - Golgi trafficking with Brefeldin A or slc35B4 siRNA reduced O-GlcNAcylation, and resulted in the secretion of mitochondria with decreased membrane potential and mtDNA. Finally, loss-of-function studies verified that O-GlcNAc-modified mitochondria demonstrated higher levels of neuroprotection after astrocyte-to-neuron mitochondrial transfer. Collectively, these findings suggest that post-translational modification by O-GlcNAc may be required for supporting the functionality and neuroprotective properties of mitochondria released from astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Nakamura
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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11
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Skorupska A, Lenda R, Ożyhar A, Bystranowska D. The Multifaceted Nature of Nucleobindin-2 in Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5687. [PMID: 34073612 PMCID: PMC8198689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucb2 is a multifunctional protein associated with a variety of biological processes. Multiple studies have revealed that Nucb2, and its derivative nesfatin-1, are involved in carcinogenesis. Interestingly, the role of Nucb2/nesfatin-1 in tumorigenesis seems to be dual-both pro-metastatic and anti-metastatic. The implication of Nucb2/nesfatin-1 in carcinogenesis seems to be tissue dependent. Herein, we review the role of Nucb2/nesfatin-1 in both carcinogenesis and the apoptosis process, and we also highlight the multifaceted nature of Nucb2/nesfatin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dominika Bystranowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.); (R.L.); (A.O.)
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12
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Wang Y, Shi Q, Li M, Zhao M, Reddy Gopireddy R, Teoh JP, Xu B, Zhu C, Ireton KE, Srinivasan S, Chen S, Gasser PJ, Bossuyt J, Hell JW, Bers DM, Xiang YK. Intracellular β 1-Adrenergic Receptors and Organic Cation Transporter 3 Mediate Phospholamban Phosphorylation to Enhance Cardiac Contractility. Circ Res 2021; 128:246-261. [PMID: 33183171 PMCID: PMC7856104 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE β1ARs (β1-adrenoceptors) exist at intracellular membranes and OCT3 (organic cation transporter 3) mediates norepinephrine entry into cardiomyocytes. However, the functional role of intracellular β1AR in cardiac contractility remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE Test localization and function of intracellular β1AR on cardiac contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS Membrane fractionation, super-resolution imaging, proximity ligation, coimmunoprecipitation, and single-molecule pull-down demonstrated a pool of β1ARs in mouse hearts that were associated with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase at the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Local PKA (protein kinase A) activation was measured using a PKA biosensor targeted at either the plasma membrane (PM) or SR. Compared with wild-type, myocytes lacking OCT3 (OCT3-KO [OCT3 knockout]) responded identically to the membrane-permeant βAR agonist isoproterenol in PKA activation at both PM and SR. The same was true at the PM for membrane-impermeant norepinephrine, but the SR response to norepinephrine was suppressed in OCT3-KO myocytes. This differential effect was recapitulated in phosphorylation of the SR-pump regulator phospholamban. Similarly, OCT3-KO selectively suppressed calcium transients and contraction responses to norepinephrine but not isoproterenol. Furthermore, sotalol, a membrane-impermeant βAR-blocker, suppressed isoproterenol-induced PKA activation at the PM but permitted PKA activation at the SR, phospholamban phosphorylation, and contractility. Moreover, pretreatment with sotalol in OCT3-KO myocytes prevented norepinephrine-induced PKA activation at both PM and the SR and contractility. CONCLUSIONS Functional β1ARs exists at the SR and is critical for PKA-mediated phosphorylation of phospholamban and cardiac contractility upon catecholamine stimulation. Activation of these intracellular β1ARs requires catecholamine transport via OCT3.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology
- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology
- Animals
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Female
- Heart Rate
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Contraction/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/genetics
- Organic Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Rabbits
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Qian Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (M.L., S.C.)
| | - Meimi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, China Medical University (M.Z.)
| | - Raghavender Reddy Gopireddy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Jian-Peng Teoh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA (B.X., Y.K.X.)
| | - Chaoqun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Kyle E Ireton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Sanghavi Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China (M.L., S.C.)
| | - Paul J Gasser
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI (P.J.G.)
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis (Y.W., Q.S., M.L., M.Z., R.R.G., J.-P.T., B.X., C.Z., K.E.I., S.S., J.B., J.W.H., D.M.B., Y.K.X.)
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA (B.X., Y.K.X.)
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13
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Abstract
The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal coding. This realization has changed our understanding of cAMP signaling from a model in which cAMP connects a receptor at the plasma membrane to an intracellular effector in a linear pathway to a model in which cAMP signals propagate within a complex network of alternative branches and the specific functional outcome strictly depends on local regulation of cAMP levels and on selective activation of a limited number of branches within the network. In this review, we cover some of the early studies and summarize more recent evidence supporting the model of compartmentalized cAMP signaling, and we discuss how this knowledge is starting to provide original mechanistic insight into cell physiology and a novel framework for the identification of disease mechanisms that potentially opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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14
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Aw R, De Wachter C, Laukens B, De Rycke R, De Bruyne M, Bell D, Callewaert N, Polizzi KM. Knockout of RSN1, TVP18 or CSC1-2 causes perturbation of Golgi cisternae in Pichia pastoris. Traffic 2020; 22:48-63. [PMID: 33263222 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural organization of the Golgi stacks in mammalian cells is intrinsically linked to function, including glycosylation, but the role of morphology is less clear in lower eukaryotes. Here we investigated the link between the structural organization of the Golgi and secretory pathway function using Pichia pastoris as a model system. To unstack the Golgi cisternae, we disrupted 18 genes encoding proteins in the secretory pathway without loss of viability. Using biosensors, confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy we identified three strains with irreversible perturbations in the stacking of the Golgi cisternae, all of which had disruption in genes that encode proteins with annotated function as or homology to calcium/calcium permeable ion channels. Despite this, no variation in the secretory pathway for ER size, whole cell glycomics or recombinant protein glycans was observed. Our investigations showed the robust nature of the secretory pathway in P. pastoris and suggest that Ca2+ concentration, homeostasis or signalling may play a significant role for Golgi stacking in this organism and should be investigated in other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Aw
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlot De Wachter
- VIB-UGent, Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Laukens
- VIB-UGent, Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology and Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research and BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Bell
- Section for Structural Biology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,London Biofoundry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Callewaert
- VIB-UGent, Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen M Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Ma X, Liu W. Calcium signaling in brain microvascular endothelial cells and its roles in the function of the blood-brain barrier. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1271-1277. [PMID: 31688421 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays critical roles in maintaining the stability of the brain's internal milieu, providing nutrients for the brain, and preventing toxic materials from the blood from entering the brain. The cellular structure of the BBB is mainly composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), which are surrounded by astrocytic endfeet that are connected by tight junction proteins, pericytes and astrocytes. Recently, several studies have shown that aberrant increase in intracellular calcium levels in BMVECs lead to cellular metabolic disturbances and subsequent impairment of BBB integrity. Although multiple stresses can lead to intracellular calcium accumulation, inherent protective mechanisms in affected cells are subsequently activated to maintain calcium homeostasis. However, once the increase in intracellular calcium goes beyond a certain threshold, disturbances in cellular structures, protein expression, and the BBB permeability are inevitable. Here, we review recent research on the different factors regulating intracellular calcium concentrations and the mechanisms related to how calcium signaling cascades protect the BMVECs from outside injury. We also consider the potential of calcium signaling regulators as therapeutic targets for modulating intracellular calcium homeostasis and ameliorating BBB disruption in patients with calcium-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjie Ma
- Department of Intensive Care, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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16
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Caracci MO, Fuentealba LM, Marzolo MP. Golgi Complex Dynamics and Its Implication in Prevalent Neurological Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:75. [PMID: 31134199 PMCID: PMC6514153 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling of protein synthesis with protein delivery to distinct subcellular domains is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis, and defects thereof have consistently been shown to be associated with several diseases. This function is particularly challenging for neurons given their polarized nature and differential protein requirements in synaptic boutons, dendrites, axons, and soma. Long-range trafficking is greatly enhanced in neurons by discrete mini-organelles resembling the Golgi complex (GC) referred to as Golgi outposts (GOPs) which play an essential role in the development of dendritic arborization. In this context, the morphology of the GC is highly plastic, and the polarized distribution of this organelle is necessary for neuronal migration and polarized growth. Furthermore, synaptic components are readily trafficked and modified at GOP suggesting a function for this organelle in synaptic plasticity. However, little is known about GOPs properties and biogenesis and the role of GOP dysregulation in pathology. In this review, we discuss current literature supporting a role for GC dynamics in prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and epilepsy, and examine the association of these disorders with the wide-ranging effects of GC function on common cellular pathways regulating neuronal excitability, polarity, migration, and organellar stress. First, we discuss the role of Golgins and Golgi-associated proteins in the regulation of GC morphology and dynamics. Then, we consider abnormal GC arrangements observed in neurological disorders and associations with common neuronal defects therein. Finally, we consider the cell signaling pathways involved in the modulation of GC dynamics and argue for a master regulatory role for Reelin signaling, a well-known regulator of neuronal polarity and migration. Determining the cellular pathways involved in shaping the Golgi network will have a direct and profound impact on our current understanding of neurodevelopment and neuropathology and aid the development of novel therapeutic strategies for improved patient care and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Caracci
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz M Fuentealba
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Paz Marzolo
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Tang CX, Luan L, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu XF, Wang J, Xiong Y, Wang D, Huang LY, Gao DS. Golgin-160 and GMAP210 play an important role in U251 cells migration and invasion initiated by GDNF. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211501. [PMID: 30695072 PMCID: PMC6351060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant tumors of the brain and are characteristic of severe migration and invasion. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes glioma development process. However, the regulatory mechanisms of promoting occurrence and development of glioma have not yet been clearly elucidated. In the present study, the mechanism by which GDNF promotes glioma cell migration and invasion through regulating the dispersion and location of the Golgi apparatus (GA) is described. Following GDNF treatment, a change in the volume and position of GA was observed. The stack area of the GA was enlarged and it was more concentrated near the nucleus. Golgin-160 and Golgi microtubule-associated protein 210 (GMAP210) were identified as target molecules regulating GA positioning. In the absence of either golgin-160 or GMAP210 using lentivirus, the migration and invasion of U251 cells were decreased, while it was increased following GDNF. It was also found that the GA was decreased in size and dispersed following golgin-160 or GMAP210 knockdown, as determined by GA green fluorescence assay. Once GDNF was added, the above phenomenon would be twisted, and the concentrated location and volume of the GA was restored. In combination, the present data suggested that the regulation of the position and size of the GA by golgin-160 and GMAP210 play an important role in U251 cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Xi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lan Luan
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Nursing, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Medicine information, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin-Yan Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dian-Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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18
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Zhang D, Huo J, Li R, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li X. Altered levels of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix-receptor interacting proteins were identified in Hailey-Hailey disease by quantitative iTRAQ proteome analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3801-3812. [PMID: 30506709 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Benign chronic familial pemphigus or Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD, OMIM 169600) is a rare, autosomal dominant blistering skin disorder characterized by suprabasal cell separation (acantholysis) of the epidermis. To date, the proteomic changes in skin lesions from HHD patients has not been reported yet. In this study, a sample of skin lesions from HHD patients was collected for isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation to analyze proteome changes compared with unaffected individuals. The 134 differentially expressed proteins were assigned to at least one Gene Ontology term, and 123 annotated proteins with significant matches were assigned to 187 known metabolic or signaling pathways listed in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Most of the altered proteins in skin lesions of HHD patients were enriched in pathways involved in the PI3K-Akt signaling, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, and protein digestion and absorption, such as collagen family members, microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 and plakophilin. The changes of proteins related to cell adhesion, ECM-receptor interaction, and protein folding and glycosylation suggested that strategy targeted to alter cell junction and extracellular microenvironment might provide a potential treatment for HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Huo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruilian Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Nelson HA, Roe MW. Molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:451-472. [PMID: 29363328 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218754524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum is an important component of Ca2+ signal transduction that controls numerous physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. Release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum is coupled to the activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry into cells. Store-operated Ca2+ entry provides Ca2+ for replenishing depleted endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores and a Ca2+ signal that regulates Ca2+-dependent intracellular biochemical events. Central to connecting discharge of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores following G protein-coupled receptor activation with the induction of store-operated Ca2+ entry are stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2). These highly homologous endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane proteins function as sensors of the Ca2+ concentration within the endoplasmic reticulum lumen and activators of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels. Emerging evidence indicates that in addition to their role in Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel gating and store-operated Ca2+ entry, STIM1 and STIM2 regulate other cellular signaling events. Recent studies have shown that disruption of STIM expression and function is associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases including autoimmune disorders, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and myopathies. Here, we provide an overview of the latest developments in the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of STIM1 and STIM2. Impact statement Intracellular Ca2+ signaling is a fundamentally important regulator of cell physiology. Recent studies have revealed that Ca2+-binding stromal interaction molecules (Stim1 and Stim2) expressed in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are essential components of eukaryote Ca2+ signal transduction that control the activity of ion channels and other signaling effectors present in the plasma membrane. This review summarizes the most recent information on the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of stromal interaction molecules. We anticipate that the work presented in our review will provide new insights into molecular interactions that participate in interorganelle signaling crosstalk, cell function, and the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Nelson
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Michael W Roe
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.,2 Department of Medicine, 12302 SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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20
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Cyclic AMP Recruits a Discrete Intracellular Ca 2+ Store by Unmasking Hypersensitive IP 3 Receptors. Cell Rep 2017; 18:711-722. [PMID: 28099849 PMCID: PMC5276804 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the response is potentiated by 3′,5′-cyclic AMP (cAMP). We investigated this interaction in HEK293 cells using carbachol and parathyroid hormone (PTH) to stimulate formation of IP3 and cAMP, respectively. PTH alone had no effect on the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, but it potentiated the Ca2+ signals evoked by carbachol. Surprisingly, however, the intracellular Ca2+ stores that respond to carbachol alone could be both emptied and refilled without affecting the subsequent response to PTH. We provide evidence that PTH unmasks high-affinity IP3 receptors within a discrete Ca2+ store. We conclude that Ca2+ stores within the ER that dynamically exchange Ca2+ with the cytosol maintain a functional independence that allows one store to be released by carbachol and another to be released by carbachol with PTH. Compartmentalization of ER Ca2+ stores adds versatility to IP3-evoked Ca2+ signals. Cyclic AMP directly potentiates IP3-evoked Ca2+ release The Ca2+ stores released by IP3 alone or IP3 with cAMP are functionally independent Cyclic AMP unmasks high-affinity IP3 receptors in a discrete ER Ca2+ store Independent regulation of discrete Ca2+ stores increases signaling versatility
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21
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Yang Z, Kirton HM, Al-Owais M, Thireau J, Richard S, Peers C, Steele DS. Epac2-Rap1 Signaling Regulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Susceptibility to Cardiac Arrhythmias. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:117-132. [PMID: 27649969 PMCID: PMC5510674 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In the heart, β1-adrenergic signaling involves cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) acting via both protein kinase-A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac): a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap1. Inhibition of Epac-Rap1 signaling has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for both cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, previous work suggests that impaired Rap1 signaling may have detrimental effects on cardiac function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of Epac2-Rap1 signaling on the heart using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. RESULTS Inhibition of Epac2 signaling induced early afterdepolarization arrhythmias in ventricular myocytes. The underlying mechanism involved an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of the late sodium current (INalate). Arrhythmias were blocked by inhibition of INalate or the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant, mitoTEMPO. In vivo, inhibition of Epac2 caused ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes, and sudden death. The in vitro and in vivo effects of Epac2 inhibition were mimicked by inhibition of geranylgeranyltransferase-1, which blocks interaction of Rap1 with downstream targets. INNOVATION Our findings show for the first time that Rap1 acts as a negative regulator of mitochondrial ROS production in the heart and that impaired Epac2-Rap1 signaling causes arrhythmias due to ROS-dependent activation of INalate. This has implications for the use of chemotherapeutics that target Epac2-Rap1 signaling. However, selective inhibition of INalate provides a promising strategy to prevent arrhythmias caused by impaired Epac2-Rap1 signaling. CONCLUSION Epac2-Rap1 signaling attenuates mitochondrial ROS production and reduces myocardial arrhythmia susceptibility. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 117-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokang Yang
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Kirton
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Moza Al-Owais
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jérôme Thireau
- PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale, Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Richard
- PHYMEDEXP, Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale, Cœur et Muscles, INSERM U1046, CNRS UMR 9214, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chris Peers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Derek S. Steele
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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22
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Lu L, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Chen L. The significant role of the Golgi apparatus in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2911-2919. [PMID: 28574583 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a ribbon-like system of stacks which consist of multiple closely apposed flattened cisternae and vesicles usually localized in the juxta-nuclear area. As for the biological functions, the GA plays a major role in protein biosynthesis, post-translational modification, and sorting protein from ER to plasma membrane and other destinations. Structural changes and functional disorder of the GA is associated with various diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence revealed that swelling, poor development, and other morphological alterations of the GA are linked to cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, dysfunction of the GA is also related to cardiovascular diseases since the GA is extremely responsible for transport, glycosylation, biosynthesis, and subcellular distribution of cardiovascular proteins. This review gives a brief overview of the intricate relationship between the GA and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we provide a further prospective that the GA may provide diagnosis reference for cardiovascular diseases, and changes in the ultrastructure and morphology of the GA such as swelling, poor development, and fragmentation may serve as a reliable index for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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23
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da Silva Junior ED, Sato M, Merlin J, Broxton N, Hutchinson DS, Ventura S, Evans BA, Summers RJ. Factors influencing biased agonism in recombinant cells expressing the human α 1A -adrenoceptor. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2318-2333. [PMID: 28444738 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Agonists acting at GPCRs promote biased signalling via Gα or Gβγ subunits, GPCR kinases and β-arrestins. Since the demonstration of biased agonism has implications for drug discovery, it is essential to consider confounding factors contributing to bias. We have examined bias at human α1A -adrenoceptors stably expressed at low levels in CHO-K1 cells, identifying off-target effects at endogenous receptors that contribute to ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to the agonist oxymetazoline. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Intracellular Ca2+ mobilization was monitored in a Flexstation® using Fluo 4-AM. The accumulation of cAMP and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were measured using AlphaScreen® proximity assays, and mRNA expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Ligand bias was determined using the operational model of agonism. KEY RESULTS Noradrenaline, phenylephrine, methoxamine and A61603 increased Ca2+ mobilization, cAMP accumulation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, oxymetazoline showed low efficacy for Ca+2 mobilization, no effect on cAMP generation and high efficacy for ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The apparent functional selectivity of oxymetazoline towards ERK1/2 was related to off-target effects at 5-HT1B receptors endogenously expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Phenylephrine and methoxamine showed genuine bias towards ERK1/2 phosphorylation compared to Ca2+ and cAMP pathways, whereas A61603 displayed bias towards cAMP accumulation compared to ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We have shown that while adrenergic agonists display bias at human α1A -adrenoceptors, the marked bias of oxymetazoline for ERK1/2 phosphorylation originates from off-target effects. Commonly used cell lines express a repertoire of endogenous GPCRs that may confound studies on biased agonism at recombinant receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaaki Sato
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalie Broxton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabatino Ventura
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Evans
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger J Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Enrich C, Rentero C, Meneses-Salas E, Tebar F, Grewal T. Annexins: Ca 2+ Effectors Determining Membrane Trafficking in the Late Endocytic Compartment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 981:351-385. [PMID: 29594868 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the discovery of annexins 40 years ago, we are just beginning to understand some of the functions of these still enigmatic proteins. Defined and characterized by their ability to bind anionic membrane lipids in a Ca2+-dependent manner, each annexin has to be considered a multifunctional protein, with a multitude of cellular locations and diverse activities. Underlying causes for this considerable functional diversity include their capability to associate with multiple cytosolic and membrane proteins. In recent years, the increasingly recognized establishment of membrane contact sites between subcellular compartments opens a new scenario for annexins as instrumental players to link Ca2+ signalling with the integration of membrane trafficking in many facets of cell physiology. In this chapter, we review and discuss current knowledge on the contribution of annexins in the biogenesis and functioning of the late endocytic compartment, affecting endo- and exocytic pathways in a variety of physiological consequences ranging from membrane repair, lysosomal exocytosis, to cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elsa Meneses-Salas
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cel·lular, Centre de Recerca Biomèdica (CELLEX), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Grewal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Saddouk FZ, Ginnan R, Singer HA. Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in Vascular Smooth Muscle. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:171-202. [PMID: 28212797 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways are central regulators of differentiated vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile function. In addition, Ca2+ signals regulate VSM gene transcription, proliferation, and migration of dedifferentiated or "synthetic" phenotype VSM cells. Synthetic phenotype VSM growth and hyperplasia are hallmarks of pervasive vascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, postangioplasty/in-stent restenosis, and vein graft failure. The serine/threonine protein kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous mediator of intracellular Ca2+ signals. Its multifunctional nature, structural complexity, diversity of isoforms, and splice variants all characterize this protein kinase and make study of its activity and function challenging. The kinase has unique autoregulatory mechanisms, and emerging studies suggest that it can function to integrate Ca2+ and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species signaling. Differentiated VSM expresses primarily CaMKIIγ and -δ isoforms. CaMKIIγ isoform expression correlates closely with the differentiated phenotype, and some studies link its function to regulation of contractile activity and Ca2+ homeostasis. Conversely, synthetic phenotype VSM cells primarily express CaMKIIδ and substantial evidence links it to regulation of gene transcription, proliferation, and migration of VSM in vitro, and vascular hypertrophic and hyperplastic remodeling in vivo. CaMKIIδ and -γ isoforms have opposing functions at the level of cell cycle regulation, proliferation, and VSM hyperplasia in vivo. Isoform switching following vascular injury is a key step in promoting vascular remodeling. Recent availability of genetically engineered mice with smooth muscle deletion of specific isoforms and transgenics expressing an endogenous inhibitor protein (CAMK2N) has enabled a better understanding of CaMKII function in VSM and should facilitate future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Saddouk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - R Ginnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - H A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.
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Lezoualc'h F, Fazal L, Laudette M, Conte C. Cyclic AMP Sensor EPAC Proteins and Their Role in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Circ Res 2016; 118:881-97. [PMID: 26941424 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.306529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
cAMP is a universal second messenger that plays central roles in cardiovascular regulation influencing gene expression, cell morphology, and function. A crucial step toward a better understanding of cAMP signaling came 18 years ago with the discovery of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC). The 2 EPAC isoforms, EPAC1 and EPAC2, are guanine-nucleotide exchange factors for the Ras-like GTPases, Rap1 and Rap2, which they activate independently of the classical effector of cAMP, protein kinase A. With the development of EPAC pharmacological modulators, many reports in the literature have demonstrated the critical role of EPAC in the regulation of various cAMP-dependent cardiovascular functions, such as calcium handling and vascular tone. EPAC proteins are coupled to a multitude of effectors into distinct subcellular compartments because of their multidomain architecture. These novel cAMP sensors are not only at the crossroads of different physiological processes but also may represent attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of several cardiovascular disorders, including cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Lezoualc'h
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.).
| | - Loubina Fazal
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
| | - Marion Laudette
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
| | - Caroline Conte
- From the Department of Cardiac and Renal Remodeling of the Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR-1048, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.); and Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France (F.L., L.F., M.L., C.C.)
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