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Wells TJ, Esposito T, Henderson IR, Labzin LI. Mechanisms of antibody-dependent enhancement of infectious disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41577-024-01067-9. [PMID: 39122820 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-024-01067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infectious disease is a phenomenon whereby host antibodies increase the severity of an infection. It is well established in viral infections but ADE also has an underappreciated role during bacterial, fungal and parasitic infections. ADE can occur during both primary infections and re-infections with the same or a related pathogen; therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of ADE is critical for understanding the pathogenesis and progression of many infectious diseases. Here, we review the four distinct mechanisms by which antibodies increase disease severity during an infection. We discuss the most established mechanistic explanation for ADE, where cross-reactive, disease-enhancing antibodies bound to pathogens interact with Fc receptors, thereby enhancing pathogen entry or replication, ultimately increasing the total pathogen load. Additionally, we explore how some pathogenic antibodies can shield bacteria from complement-dependent killing, thereby enhancing bacterial survival. We interrogate the molecular mechanisms by which antibodies can amplify inflammation to drive severe disease, even in the absence of increased pathogen replication. We also examine emerging roles for autoantibodies in enhancing the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Finally, we discuss how we can leverage these insights to improve vaccine design and future treatments for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Wells
- Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tyron Esposito
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Larisa I Labzin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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2
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Zhong MZ, Xu MN, Zheng SQ, Cheng SQ, Zeng K, Huang XW. Manipulating host secreted protein gene expression: an indirect approach by HPV11/16 E6/E7 to suppress PBMC cytokine secretion. Virol J 2024; 21:172. [PMID: 39095779 PMCID: PMC11295672 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) 11/16 E6/E7 proteins have been recognized to be pivotal in viral pathogenesis. This study sought to uncover the potential mechanisms of how HPV11/16 E6/E7-transfected keratinocytes inhibit cytokine secretion in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Upon co-culturing HPV11/16 E6/E7-transfected keratinocytes with PBMC in a non-contact manner, we observed a marked decrease in various cytokines secreted by PBMC. To determine if this suppression was mediated by specific common secreted factors, we conducted transcriptomic sequencing on these transfected cells. This analysis identified 53 common differentially secreted genes in all four HPV-transfected cells. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated these genes were predominantly involved in immune regulation. Results from quantitative PCR (qPCR) and an extensive literature review suggested the downregulation of 12 genes (ACE2, BMP3, BPIFB1, CLU, CST6, CTF1, HMGB2, MMP12, PDGFA, RNASE7, SULF2, TGM2), and upregulation of 7 genes (CCL17, CCL22, FBLN1, PLAU, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9), may be crucial in modulating tumor immunity and combating pathogenic infections, with genes S100A8 and S100A9, and IL-17 signaling pathway being particularly noteworthy. Thus, HPV11/16 E6/E7 proteins may inhibit cytokine secretion of immune cells by altering the expression of host-secreted genes. Further exploration of these genes may yield new insights into the complex dynamics of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Zhen Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Nian Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Qi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Qiong Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Wen Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Magnen M, You R, Rao AA, Davis RT, Rodriguez L, Bernard O, Simoneau CR, Hysenaj L, Hu KH, Maishan M, Conrad C, Gbenedio OM, Samad B, Consortium TUCSFCOMET, Love C, Woodruff PG, Erle DJ, Hendrickson CM, Calfee CS, Matthay MA, Roose JP, Sil A, Ott M, Langelier CR, Krummel MF, Looney MR. Immediate myeloid depot for SARS-CoV-2 in the human lung. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm8836. [PMID: 39083602 PMCID: PMC11290487 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm8836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, epithelial populations in the distal lung expressing Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) are infrequent, and therefore, the model of viral expansion and immune cell engagement remains incompletely understood. Using human lungs to investigate early host-viral pathogenesis, we found that SARS-CoV-2 had a rapid and specific tropism for myeloid populations. Human alveolar macrophages (AMs) reliably expressed ACE2 allowing both spike-ACE2-dependent viral entry and infection. In contrast to Influenza A virus, SARS-CoV-2 infection of AMs was productive, amplifying viral titers. While AMs generated new viruses, the interferon responses to SARS-CoV-2 were muted, hiding the viral dissemination from specific antiviral immune responses. The reliable and veiled viral depot in myeloid cells in the very early phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lungs enables viral expansion in the distal lung and potentially licenses subsequent immune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélia Magnen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ran You
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arjun A. Rao
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryan T. Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lauren Rodriguez
- CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Olivier Bernard
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Camille R. Simoneau
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lisiena Hysenaj
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Hu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mazharul Maishan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Catharina Conrad
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Oghenekevwe M. Gbenedio
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bushra Samad
- CoLabs Initiative, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - The UCSF COMET Consortium
- All UCSF COMET Consortium collaborators are affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Christina Love
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Prescott G. Woodruff
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David J. Erle
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carolyn M. Hendrickson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Carolyn S. Calfee
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeroen P. Roose
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Melanie Ott
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Charles R. Langelier
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew F. Krummel
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark R. Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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4
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Stocks CJ, Li X, Stow JL. New advances in innate immune endosomal trafficking. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 89:102395. [PMID: 38970837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
The exocytic and endocytic intracellular trafficking pathways in innate immune cells are known for mediating the secretion of key inflammatory mediators or the internalization of growth factors, nutrients, antigens, cell debris, pathogens and even therapeutics, respectively. Inside cells, these pathways are intertwined as an elaborate network that supports the regulation of immune functions. Endosomal membranes host dynamic platforms for molecular complexes that control signaling and inflammatory responses. High content screens, coupled with elegant microscopy across the scale of resolving molecular complexes to tracking live cellular organelles, have been employed to generate the studies highlighted here. With a focus on deactivation of STING, scaffolding by SLC15A4/TASL complexes and macropinosome shrinkage via the chloride channel protein TMEM206, new studies are identifying molecules, molecular interactions and mechanisms for immune regulation throughout endosomal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Stocks
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xichun Li
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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5
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Gay L, Madariaga Zarza S, Abou Atmeh P, Rouvière MS, Andrieu J, Richaud M, Boumaza A, Miquel L, Diallo AB, Bechah Y, Otmani Idrissi M, La Scola B, Olive D, Resseguier N, Bretelle F, Mezouar S, Mege JL. Protective role of macrophages from maternal-fetal interface in unvaccinated coronavirus disease 2019 pregnant women. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29819. [PMID: 39030992 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women represent a high-risk population for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported in placenta from infected pregnant women, but whether the virus influences placenta immune response remains unclear. We investigated the properties of maternal-fetal interface macrophages (MFMs) in a cohort of unvaccinated women who contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during their pregnancy. We reported an infiltration of CD163+ macrophages in placenta from COVID-19 women 19 whereas lymphoid compartment was not affected. Isolated MFMs exhibited nonpolarized activated signature (NOS2, IDO1, IFNG, TNF, TGFB) mainly in women infected during the second trimester of pregnancy. COVID-19 during pregnancy primed MFM to produce type I and III interferon response to SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan and δ strains), that were unable to elicit this in MFMs from healthy pregnant women. COVID-19 also primed SARS-CoV-2 internalization by MFM in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-dependent manner. Activation and recall responses of MFMs were influenced by fetal sex. Collectively, these findings support a role for MFMs in the local immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, provide a basis for protective placental immunity in COVID-19, and highlight the interest of vaccination in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Gay
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Madariaga Zarza
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Perla Abou Atmeh
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marie-Sarah Rouvière
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, UM105, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jonatane Andrieu
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Manon Richaud
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, UM105, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Asma Boumaza
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laura Miquel
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Yassina Bechah
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Myriem Otmani Idrissi
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard La Scola
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Institut Paoli-Calmettes, UM105, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Noémie Resseguier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, La Timone Hospital, Department of Epidemiology and Health Economics, Clinical Research Unit, Direction of Health Research, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Bretelle
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Gynaecology-Obstetrics, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Institut Recherche Développement, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Microbe, Evolution, Phylogeny and Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Immunology, Timone Hospital, Marseille, France
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6
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Zhang J, Li Y, Zeng F, Mu C, Liu C, Wang L, Peng X, He L, Su Y, Li H, Wang A, Feng L, Gao D, Zhang Z, Xu G, Wang Y, Yue R, Si J, Zheng L, Zhang X, He F, Yi H, Tang Z, Li G, Ma K, Li Q. Virus-like structures for combination antigen protein mRNA vaccination. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01679-1. [PMID: 38802667 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Improved vaccination requires better delivery of antigens and activation of the natural immune response. Here we report a lipid nanoparticle system with the capacity to carry antigens, including mRNA and proteins, which is formed into a virus-like structure by surface decoration with spike proteins, demonstrating application against SARS-CoV-2 variants. The strategy uses S1 protein from Omicron BA.1 on the surface to deliver mRNA of S1 protein from XBB.1. The virus-like particle enables specific augmentation of mRNAs expressed in human respiratory epithelial cells and macrophages via the interaction the surface S1 protein with ACE2 or DC-SIGN receptors. Activation of macrophages and dendritic cells is demonstrated by the same receptor binding. The combination of protein and mRNA increases the antibody response in BALB/c mice compared with mRNA and protein vaccines alone. Our exploration of the mechanism of this robust immunity suggests it might involve cross-presentation to diverse subsets of dendritic cells ranging from activated innate immune signals to adaptive immune signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
- Shandong WeigaoLitong Biological Products Co., Ltd, Weihai, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Fengyuan Zeng
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Changyong Mu
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Change Liu
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaowu Peng
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Liping He
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yanrui Su
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - An Wang
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Dongxiu Gao
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhixiao Zhang
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Yue
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Junbo Si
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Zheng
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Fuyun He
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Hongkun Yi
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongshu Tang
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Gaocan Li
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China.
- Shandong WeigaoLitong Biological Products Co., Ltd, Weihai, China.
| | - Qihan Li
- Weirui Biotechnology (Kunming) Co., Ltd, Ciba Biotechnology Innovation Center, Kunming, China.
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7
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Ambrożek-Latecka M, Kozlowski P, Hoser G, Bandyszewska M, Hanusek K, Nowis D, Gołąb J, Grzanka M, Piekiełko-Witkowska A, Schulz L, Hornung F, Deinhardt-Emmer S, Kozlowska E, Skirecki T. SARS-CoV-2 and its ORF3a, E and M viroporins activate inflammasome in human macrophages and induce of IL-1α in pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:191. [PMID: 38664396 PMCID: PMC11045860 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammasome assembly is a potent mechanism responsible for the host protection against pathogens, including viruses. When compromised, it can allow viral replication, while when disrupted, it can perpetuate pathological responses by IL-1 signaling and pyroptotic cell death. SARS-CoV-2 infection was shown to activate inflammasome in the lungs of COVID-19 patients, however, potential mechanisms responsible for this response are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of ORF3a, E and M SARS-CoV-2 viroporins in the inflammasome activation in major populations of alveolar sentinel cells: macrophages, epithelial and endothelial cells. We demonstrated that each viroporin is capable of activation of the inflammasome in macrophages to trigger pyroptosis-like cell death and IL-1α release from epithelial and endothelial cells. Small molecule NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors reduced IL-1 release but weakly affected the pyroptosis. Importantly, we discovered that while SARS-CoV-2 could not infect the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells it induced IL-1α and IL-33 release. Together, these findings highlight the essential role of macrophages as the major inflammasome-activating cell population in the lungs and point to endothelial cell expressed IL-1α as a potential novel component driving the pulmonary immunothromobosis in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Ambrożek-Latecka
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kozlowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bandyszewska
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Hanusek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medial University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gołąb
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Grzanka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piekiełko-Witkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luise Schulz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Hornung
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ewa Kozlowska
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Functional Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skirecki
- Department of Translational Immunology and Experimental Intensive Care, Centre of Translational Research, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
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8
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Sviercz F, Jarmoluk P, Godoy Coto J, Cevallos C, Freiberger RN, López CAM, Ennis IL, Delpino MV, Quarleri J. The abortive SARS-CoV-2 infection of osteoclast precursors promotes their differentiation into osteoclasts. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29597. [PMID: 38587211 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the loss of millions of lives, although a majority of those infected have managed to survive. Consequently, a set of outcomes, identified as long COVID, is now emerging. While the primary target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the respiratory system, the impact of COVID-19 extends to various body parts, including the bone. This study aims to investigate the effects of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection on osteoclastogenesis, utilizing both ancestral and Omicron viral strains. Monocyte-derived macrophages, which serve as precursors to osteoclasts, were exposed to both viral variants. However, the infection proved abortive, even though ACE2 receptor expression increased postinfection, with no significant impact on cellular viability and redox balance. Both SARS-CoV-2 strains heightened osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner, as well as CD51/61 expression and bone resorptive ability. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 induced early pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization, shifting toward an M2-like profile. Osteoclastogenesis-related genes (RANK, NFATc1, DC-STAMP, MMP9) were upregulated, and surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 variants promoted RANKL-independent osteoclast formation. This thorough investigation illuminates the intricate interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and osteoclast precursors, suggesting potential implications for bone homeostasis and opening new avenues for therapeutic exploration in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Sviercz
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Jarmoluk
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joshua Godoy Coto
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cintia Cevallos
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosa Nicole Freiberger
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cinthya Alicia Marcela López
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Lucia Ennis
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares "Dr. Horacio E. Cingolani", Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Victoria Delpino
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Ahn W, Burnett FN, Pandey A, Ghoshal P, Singla B, Simon AB, Derella CC, A. Addo S, Harris RA, Lucas R, Csányi G. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Stimulates Macropinocytosis in Murine and Human Macrophages via PKC-NADPH Oxidase Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:175. [PMID: 38397773 PMCID: PMC10885885 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While recent studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 may enter kidney and colon epithelial cells by inducing receptor-independent macropinocytosis, it remains unknown whether this process also occurs in cell types directly relevant to SARS-CoV-2-associated lung pneumonia, such as alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages. The goal of our study was to investigate the ability of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunits to stimulate macropinocytosis in human alveolar epithelial cells and primary human and murine macrophages. Flow cytometry analysis of fluid-phase marker internalization demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunits S1, the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S1, and S2 stimulate macropinocytosis in both human and murine macrophages in an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-independent manner. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of macropinocytosis substantially decreased spike-protein-induced fluid-phase marker internalization in macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging confirmed that spike protein subunits promote the formation of membrane ruffles on the dorsal surface of macrophages. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein stimulated macropinocytosis via NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In addition, inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in macrophages blocked SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein-induced macropinocytosis. To our knowledge, these results demonstrate for the first time that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunits stimulate macropinocytosis in macrophages. These results may contribute to a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonMo Ahn
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Faith N. Burnett
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Ajay Pandey
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Pushpankur Ghoshal
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Abigayle B. Simon
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.B.S.); (C.C.D.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Cassandra C. Derella
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.B.S.); (C.C.D.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Stephen A. Addo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
| | - Ryan A. Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (A.B.S.); (C.C.D.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (W.A.); (F.N.B.); (A.P.); (B.S.); (S.A.A.); (R.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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10
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Quarleri J, Delpino MV. Molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 hepatotropism and liver damage. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:1-11. [PMID: 38313242 PMCID: PMC10835487 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets the respiratory system, but evidence suggests extrapulmonary organ involvement, notably in the liver. Viral RNA has been detected in hepatic tissues, and in situ hybridization revealed virions in blood vessels and endothelial cells. Electron microscopy confirmed viral particles in hepatocytes, emphasizing the need for understanding hepatotropism and direct cytopathic effects in COVID-19-related liver injury. Various factors contribute to liver injury, including direct cytotoxicity, vascular changes, inflammatory responses, immune reactions from COVID-19 and vaccinations, and drug-induced liver injury. Although a typical hepatitis presentation is not widely documented, elevated liver biochemical markers are common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, primarily showing a hepatocellular pattern of elevation. Long-term studies suggest progressive cholestasis may affect 20% of patients with chronic liver disease post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. The molecular mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection in the liver and the resulting liver damage are complex. This "Editorial" highlights the expression of the Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor in liver cells, the role of inflammatory responses, the impact of hypoxia, the involvement of the liver's vascular system, the infection of bile duct epithelial cells, the activation of hepatic stellate cells, and the contribution of monocyte-derived macrophages. It also mentions that pre-existing liver conditions can worsen the outcomes of COVID-19. Understanding the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the liver is still evolving, and further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Quarleri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - M Victoria Delpino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina
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11
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Gabdoulkhakova AG, Mingaleeva RN, Romozanova AM, Sagdeeva AR, Filina YV, Rizvanov AA, Miftakhova RR. Immunology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:65-83. [PMID: 38467546 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
According to the data from the World Health Organization, about 800 million of the world population had contracted coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 by mid-2023. Properties of this virus have allowed it to circulate in the human population for a long time, evolving defense mechanisms against the host immune system. Severity of the disease depends largely on the degree of activation of the systemic immune response, including overstimulation of macrophages and monocytes, cytokine production, and triggering of adaptive T- and B-cell responses, while SARS-CoV-2 evades the immune system actions. In this review, we discuss immune responses triggered in response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus entry into the cell and malfunctions of the immune system that lead to the development of severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida G Gabdoulkhakova
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
- Kazan State Medical Academy - Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Kazan, 420012, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Albert A Rizvanov
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia
- Division of Medical and Biological Sciences, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420111, Russia
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12
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Gostomczyk K, Borowczak J, Siekielska-Domanowska M, Szczerbowski K, Maniewski M, Dubiel M, Szylberg Ł, Bodnar M. Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Placental Transmission. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2024; 72:aite-2024-0001. [PMID: 38299561 DOI: 10.2478/aite-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the diverse range of symptoms have placed significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide. Pregnancy has also been affected by COVID-19, with an increased risk of complications and unfavorable outcomes for expectant mothers. Multiple studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 can infiltrate the placenta, breach its protective barrier, and infect the fetus. Although the precise mechanisms of intrauterine transmission remain unclear, factors such as perinatal infection, macrophages, sexual intercourse, and the virus' interaction with host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) proteins appear to play a role in this process. The integrity of the placental barrier fluctuates throughout pregnancy and appears to influence the likelihood of fetal transmission. The expression of placental cell receptors, like ACE2, changes during pregnancy and in response to placental damage. However, due to the consistent presence of others, such as NRP-1, SARS-CoV-2 may potentially enter the fetus at different stages of pregnancy. NRP-1 is also found in macrophages, implicating maternal macrophages and Hofbauer cells as potential routes for viral transmission. Our current understanding of SARS-CoV-2's vertical transmission pathways remains limited. Some researchers question the ACE2-associated transmission model due to the relatively low expression of ACE2 in the placenta. Existing studies investigating perinatal transmission and the impact of sexual intercourse have either involved small sample sizes or lacked statistical significance. This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge regarding the potential mechanisms of COVID-19 vertical transmission, identifying areas where further research is needed to fill the gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Gostomczyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Borowczak
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marta Siekielska-Domanowska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Szczerbowski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mateusz Maniewski
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mariusz Dubiel
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre - Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, Chair of Pathomorphology and Clinical Placentology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Chair of Pathology, Dr. Jan Biziel Memorial University Hospital No. 2, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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13
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Simón-Fuentes M, Ríos I, Herrero C, Lasala F, Labiod N, Luczkowiak J, Roy-Vallejo E, Fernández de Córdoba-Oñate S, Delgado-Wicke P, Bustos M, Fernández-Ruiz E, Colmenares M, Puig-Kröger A, Delgado R, Vega MA, Corbí ÁL, Domínguez-Soto Á. MAFB shapes human monocyte-derived macrophage response to SARS-CoV-2 and controls severe COVID-19 biomarker expression. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172862. [PMID: 37917179 PMCID: PMC10807725 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived macrophages, the major source of pathogenic macrophages in COVID-19, are oppositely instructed by macrophage CSF (M-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), which promote the generation of antiinflammatory/immunosuppressive MAFB+ (M-MØ) or proinflammatory macrophages (GM-MØ), respectively. The transcriptional profile of prevailing macrophage subsets in severe COVID-19 led us to hypothesize that MAFB shapes the transcriptome of pulmonary macrophages driving severe COVID-19 pathogenesis. We have now assessed the role of MAFB in the response of monocyte-derived macrophages to SARS-CoV-2 through genetic and pharmacological approaches, and we demonstrate that MAFB regulated the expression of the genes that define pulmonary pathogenic macrophages in severe COVID-19. Indeed, SARS-CoV-2 potentiated the expression of MAFB and MAFB-regulated genes in M-MØ and GM-MØ, where MAFB upregulated the expression of profibrotic and neutrophil-attracting factors. Thus, MAFB determines the transcriptome and functions of the monocyte-derived macrophage subsets that underlie pulmonary pathogenesis in severe COVID-19 and controls the expression of potentially useful biomarkers for COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Simón-Fuentes
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Ríos
- Immunometabolism and Inflammation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Herrero
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Lasala
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Labiod
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Luczkowiak
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Roy-Vallejo
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital La Princesa and Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Delgado-Wicke
- Molecular Biology Unit, University Hospital La Princesa and Research Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Bustos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Seville, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital (HUVR), Seville, Spain
| | - Elena Fernández-Ruiz
- Molecular Biology Unit, University Hospital La Princesa and Research Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Colmenares
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Puig-Kröger
- Immunometabolism and Inflammation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Delgado
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Universidad Complutense School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Vega
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L. Corbí
- Myeloid Cell Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Trionfetti F, Alonzi T, Bontempi G, Terri M, Battistelli C, Montaldo C, Repele F, Rotili D, Valente S, Zwergel C, Matusali G, Maggi F, Goletti D, Tripodi M, Mai A, Strippoli R. HDAC1-3 inhibition increases SARS-CoV-2 replication and productive infection in lung mesothelial and epithelial cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1257683. [PMID: 38162580 PMCID: PMC10757821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1257683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the significant progress achieved in understanding the pathology and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection, still pathogenic and clinical issues need to be clarified. Treatment with modulators of epigenetic targets, i.e., epidrugs, is a current therapeutic option in several cancers and could represent an approach in the therapy of viral diseases. Results Aim of this study was the analysis of the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition in the modulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection of mesothelial cells (MCs).MeT5A cells, a pleura MC line, were pre-treated with different specific class I and IIb HDAC inhibitors. Unexpectedly, treatment with HDAC1-3 inhibitors significantly increased ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression, suggesting a role in favoring SARS-CoV-2 infection. We focused our analysis on the most potent ACE2/TMPRSS2 inducer among the inhibitors analysed, MS-275, a HDAC1-3 inhibitor. ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression was validated by Western Blot (WB) and immunofluorescence. The involvement of HDAC inhibition in receptor induction was confirmed by HDAC1/HDAC2 silencing. In accordance to the ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression data, MS-275 increased SARS-CoV-2 replication and virus propagation in Vero E6 cells.Notably, MS-275 was able to increase ACE2/TMPRSS2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 production, although to a lesser extent, also in the lung adenocarcinoma cell line Calu-3 cells.Mechanistically, treatment with MS-275 increased H3 and H4 histone acetylation at ACE2/TMPRSS2 promoters, increasing their transcription. Conclusion This study highlights a previously unrecognized effect of HDAC1-3 inhibition in increasing SARS-CoV-2 cell entry, replication and productive infection correlating with increased expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. These data, while adding basic insight into COVID-19 pathogenesis, warn for the use of HDAC inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tonino Alonzi
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Bontempi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Terri
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Montaldo
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Repele
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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15
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Stadler JT, Habisch H, Prüller F, Mangge H, Bärnthaler T, Kargl J, Pammer A, Holzer M, Meissl S, Rani A, Madl T, Marsche G. HDL-Related Parameters and COVID-19 Mortality: The Importance of HDL Function. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2009. [PMID: 38001862 PMCID: PMC10669705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, emerged as a global pandemic in late 2019, resulting in significant global public health challenges. The emerging evidence suggests that diminished high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels are associated with the severity of COVID-19, beyond inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to compare the lipoprotein and metabolic profiles of COVID-19-infected patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia. We compared the control group and the COVID-19 group using inflammatory markers to ensure that the differences in lipoprotein levels were due to COVID-19 infection. Our analyses revealed supramolecular phospholipid composite (SPC), phenylalanine, and HDL-related parameters as key discriminators between COVID-19-positive and non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients. More specifically, the levels of HDL parameters, including apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), ApoA-II, HDL cholesterol, and HDL phospholipids, were significantly different. These findings underscore the potential impact of HDL-related factors in patients with COVID-19. Significantly, among the HDL-related metrics, the cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) displayed the strongest negative association with COVID-19 mortality. CEC is a measure of how well HDL removes cholesterol from cells, which may affect the way SARS-CoV-2 enters cells. In summary, this study validates previously established markers of COVID-19 infection and further highlights the potential significance of HDL functionality in the context of COVID-19 mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Florian Prüller
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Harald Mangge
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Thomas Bärnthaler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Pammer
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Michael Holzer
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Sabine Meissl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Alankrita Rani
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; (J.T.S.); (T.B.); (J.K.); (A.P.); (M.H.); (S.M.); (A.R.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Felkle D, Zięba K, Kaleta K, Czaja J, Zyzdorf A, Sobocińska W, Jarczyński M, Bryniarski K, Nazimek K. Overreactive macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 infection: The effects of ACEI. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110858. [PMID: 37708705 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Among various factors influencing the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, macrophage overactivation is considered the main cause of the cytokine storm that leads to severe complications of COVID-19. Moreover, the increased expression of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), an obligatory entry receptor of the coronavirus, caused by treatment with ACE inhibitors (ACEI) lowered overall confidence in the safety of these drugs. However, analysis of the course of coronavirus infection in patients treated with ACEI does not support these concerns. Instead, the beneficial effect of ACEI on macrophages has increasingly been emphasized. This includes their anti-inflammatory activation and the consequent reduction in the risk of severe disease and life-threatening complications. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge and understanding of the dual role of macrophages in SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a special focus on the postulated mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of macrophage targeting by ACEI. These seem to involve the stimulation of macrophage angiotensin II type 2 and Mas receptors by angiotensin 1-7, intensively produced due to the up-regulation of ACE2 expression on macrophages, as well as the direct inhibition of macrophage hyper-responsiveness by ACEI. The impact of ACEI on macrophages may also lead to the activation of an effective antiviral response due to the increased expression of ACE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Felkle
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zięba
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Konrad Kaleta
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Czaja
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Amanda Zyzdorf
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Sobocińska
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Jarczyński
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.
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Bhattacharya M. Hard CiDRE revs up macrophage infectivity in COVID-19. Immunity 2023; 56:1706-1708. [PMID: 37557078 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
IL-10 has been linked to COVID-19 severity, but whether it is causal is unclear. In this issue of Immunity, Mitsui et al. find that a specific single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) results in expression of an IL10RB-IFNAR2 fusion protein that intensifies IL-10-mediated induction of ACE2 expression and viral infectivity of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallar Bhattacharya
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA.
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