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Rossi A, Malvagia S, la Marca G, Parenti G, Brunetti-Pierri N. Biomarkers for gene therapy clinical trials of lysosomal storage disorders. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2930-2938. [PMID: 38850023 PMCID: PMC11403227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are multisystemic progressive disorders caused by defects in proteins involved in lysosomal function. Different gene therapy strategies are under clinical investigation in several LSDs to overcome the limitations of available treatments. However, LSDs are slowly progressive diseases that require long-term studies to establish the efficacy of experimental treatments. Biomarkers can be reliable substitutes for clinical responses and improve the efficiency of clinical trials, especially when long-term disease interventions are evaluated. In this review, we summarize both available and future biomarkers for LSDs and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Malvagia
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo la Marca
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; School of Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Brunetti-Pierri
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy; School of Advanced Studies, Genomics and Experimental Medicine Program, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Stern S, Crisamore K, Schuck R, Pacanowski M. Evaluation of the landscape of pharmacodynamic biomarkers in Niemann-Pick Disease Type C (NPC). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:280. [PMID: 39061081 PMCID: PMC11282650 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive, progressive disorder resulting from variants in NPC1 or NPC2 that leads to the accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes. The clinical manifestations of the disease vary by age of onset, and severity is often characterized by neurological involvement. To date, no disease-modifying therapy has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and treatment is typically supportive. The lack of robust biomarkers contributes to challenges associated with disease monitoring and quantifying treatment response. In recent years, advancements in detection methods have facilitated the identification of biomarkers in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid from patients with NPC, namely calbindin D, neurofilament light chain, 24(S)hydroxycholesterol, cholestane-triol, trihydroxycholanic acid glycinate, amyloid-β, total and phosphorylated tau, and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine-serine. These biomarkers have been used to support several clinical trials as pharmacodynamic endpoints. Despite the significant advancements in laboratory techniques, translation of those advancements has lagged, and it remains unclear which biomarkers correlate with disease severity and progression, or which biomarkers could inform treatment response. In this review, we assess the landscape of biomarkers currently proposed to guide disease monitoring or indicate treatment response in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Stern
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA.
| | - Karryn Crisamore
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Robert Schuck
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Michael Pacanowski
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
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Motamed-Gorji N, Khalil Y, Gonzalez-Robles C, Khan S, Mills P, Garcia-Moreno H, Ging H, Tariq A, Clayton PT, Giunti P. Elevated Bile Acid 3β,5α,6β-Trihydroxycholanoyl Glycine in a Subset of Adult Ataxias Including Niemann-Pick Type C. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:561. [PMID: 38790666 PMCID: PMC11117656 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ataxia is a common neurological feature of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). In this disease, unesterified cholesterol accumulates in lysosomes of the central nervous system and hepatic cells. Oxidation by reactive oxygen species produces oxysterols that can be metabolised to specific bile acids. These bile acids have been suggested as useful biomarkers to detect NPC. Concentrations of 3β,5α,6β-trihydroxycholanyl glycine (3β,5α,6β-triOH-Gly) and 3β,7β-dihydroxy-5-cholenyl glycine (3β,7β-diOH-Δ5-Gly) were measured in plasma of 184 adults with idiopathic ataxia. All patients were tested with whole genome sequencing containing hereditary ataxia panels, which include NPC1 and NPC2 mutations and other genetic causes of ataxia. Plasma 3β,5α,6β-triOH-Gly above normal (>90 nM) was found in 8 out of 184 patients. One patient was homozygous for the p.(Val1165Met) mutation in the NPC1 gene. The remaining seven included one patient with Friedreich's ataxia and three patients with autoimmune diseases. Oxidative stress is known to be increased in Friedreich's ataxia and in autoimmune diseases. Therefore, this subset of patients possibly shares a common mechanism that determines the increase of this bile acid. In a large cohort of adults with ataxia, plasma 3β,5α,6β-triOH-Gly was able to detect the one patient in the cohort with NPC1 disease, but also detected oxidation of cholesterol by ROS in other disorders. Plasma 3β,7β-diOH-Δ5-Gly is not a potential biomarker for NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazgol Motamed-Gorji
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (H.G.-M.)
| | - Youssef Khalil
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK (P.M.)
| | - Cristina Gonzalez-Robles
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (H.G.-M.)
| | - Shamsher Khan
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (H.G.-M.)
| | - Philippa Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK (P.M.)
| | - Hector Garcia-Moreno
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (H.G.-M.)
| | - Heather Ging
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (H.G.-M.)
| | - Ambreen Tariq
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (H.G.-M.)
| | - Peter T. Clayton
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK (P.M.)
| | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK (H.G.-M.)
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4
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Grewal T, Nguyen MKL, Buechler C. Cholesterol and COVID-19-therapeutic opportunities at the host/virus interface during cell entry. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302453. [PMID: 38388172 PMCID: PMC10883773 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of vaccines to combat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections has been critical to reduce the severity of COVID-19. However, the continuous emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 subtypes highlights the need to develop additional approaches that oppose viral infections. Targeting host factors that support virus entry, replication, and propagation provide opportunities to lower SARS-CoV-2 infection rates and improve COVID-19 outcome. This includes cellular cholesterol, which is critical for viral spike proteins to capture the host machinery for SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Once endocytosed, exit of SARS-CoV-2 from the late endosomal/lysosomal compartment occurs in a cholesterol-sensitive manner. In addition, effective release of new viral particles also requires cholesterol. Hence, cholesterol-lowering statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibodies, and ezetimibe have revealed potential to protect against COVID-19. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of cholesterol exiting late endosomes/lysosomes identified drug candidates, including antifungals, to block SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review describes the multiple roles of cholesterol at the cell surface and endolysosomes for SARS-CoV-2 entry and the potential of drugs targeting cholesterol homeostasis to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and COVID-19 disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grewal
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mai Khanh Linh Nguyen
- https://ror.org/0384j8v12 School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christa Buechler
- https://ror.org/01226dv09 Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
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Jerves Serrano T, Gold J, Cooper JA, Church HJ, Tylee KL, Wu HY, Kim SY, Stepien KM. Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly: An Approach to the Diagnosis of Lysosomal Storage Diseases. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1465. [PMID: 38592278 PMCID: PMC10932313 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clinical findings of hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, the abnormal enlargement of the liver and spleen, respectively, should prompt a broad differential diagnosis that includes metabolic, congestive, neoplastic, infectious, toxic, and inflammatory conditions. Among the metabolic diseases, lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a group of rare and ultrarare conditions with a collective incidence of 1 in 5000 live births. LSDs are caused by genetic variants affecting the lysosomal enzymes, transporters, or integral membrane proteins. As a result, abnormal metabolites accumulate in the organelle, leading to dysfunction. Therapeutic advances, including early diagnosis and disease-targeted management, have improved the life expectancy and quality of life of people affected by certain LSDs. To access these new interventions, LSDs must be considered in patients presenting with hepatomegaly and splenomegaly throughout the lifespan. This review article navigates the diagnostic approach for individuals with hepatosplenomegaly particularly focusing on LSDs. We provide hints in the history, physical exam, laboratories, and imaging that may identify LSDs. Additionally, we discuss molecular testing, arguably the preferred confirmatory test (over biopsy), accompanied by enzymatic testing when feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Gold
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - James A. Cooper
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (J.A.C.); (H.J.C.); (K.L.T.); (H.Y.W.)
| | - Heather J. Church
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (J.A.C.); (H.J.C.); (K.L.T.); (H.Y.W.)
| | - Karen L. Tylee
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (J.A.C.); (H.J.C.); (K.L.T.); (H.Y.W.)
| | - Hoi Yee Wu
- Willink Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, St Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; (J.A.C.); (H.J.C.); (K.L.T.); (H.Y.W.)
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Salford Royal Organization, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases Department, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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6
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Liang H, Zhan X, Wang Y, Maegawa GHB, Zhang H. Development and validation of a new genotype-phenotype correlation for Niemann-Pick disease type C1. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:317-326. [PMID: 38131230 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of NPC1 variants cause highly heterogeneous phenotypes. This study aims to explore the genotype-phenotype correlation of NPC1, especially for missense variants. In a well-characterized cohort, phenotypes are graded into three clinical forms: mild, intermediate, and severe. Missense residue structural location was stratified into three categories: surface, partially, and fully buried. The association of phenotypes with the topography of the amino acid substitution in the protein structure was investigated in our cohort and validated in two reported cohorts. One hundred six unrelated NPC1 patients were enrolled. A significant correlation of genotype-phenotype was found in 81 classified individuals with two or one (the second was null variant) missense variant (p < 0.001): of 25 patients with at least one missense variant of surface (group A), 19 (76%) mild, six (24%) intermediate, and none severe; of 31 cases with at least one missense variant of partially buried without surface variants (group B), 11 (35%) mild, 16 (52%) intermediate, and four (13%) severe; of the remaining 25 patients with two or one buried missense variants (group C), eight (32%) mild, nine (36%) intermediate, and eight (32%) severe. Additionally, 7-ketocholesterol, the biomarker, was lower in group A than in group B (p = 0.024) and group C (p = 0.029). A model was proposed that accurately predicted phenotypes of 72 of 90 (80%), 73 of85 (86%), and 64 of 69 (93%) patients in our cohort, Italian, and UK cohort, respectively. This study proposed a novel genotype-phenotype correlation in NPC1, linking the underlying molecular pathophysiology with clinical phenotype and aiding genetic counseling and evaluation in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Zhan
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gustavo H B Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Metabolism and Genetics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ilyin NP, Petersen EV, Kolesnikova TO, Demin KA, Khatsko SL, Apuhtin KV, Kalueff AV. Developing Peripheral Biochemical Biomarkers of Brain Disorders: Insights from Zebrafish Models. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:377-391. [PMID: 38622104 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
High prevalence of human brain disorders necessitates development of the reliable peripheral biomarkers as diagnostic and disease-monitoring tools. In addition to clinical studies, animal models markedly advance studying of non-brain abnormalities associated with brain pathogenesis. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is becoming increasingly popular as an animal model organism in translational neuroscience. These fish share some practical advantages over mammalian models together with high genetic homology and evolutionarily conserved biochemical and neurobehavioral phenotypes, thus enabling large-scale modeling of human brain diseases. Here, we review mounting evidence on peripheral biomarkers of brain disorders in zebrafish models, focusing on altered biochemistry (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and other non-signal molecules, as well as metabolic reactions and activity of enzymes). Collectively, these data strongly support the utility of zebrafish (from a systems biology standpoint) to study peripheral manifestations of brain disorders, as well as highlight potential applications of biochemical biomarkers in zebrafish models to biomarker-based drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita P Ilyin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Elena V Petersen
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, 115184, Russia.
| | - Tatyana O Kolesnikova
- Neuroscience Program, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, 354340, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, 115184, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
- Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Pesochny, 197758, Russia
| | | | - Kirill V Apuhtin
- Laboratory of Biopsychiatry, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia.
- Neuroscience Division, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius Federal Territory, 354340, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, 197341, Russia
- Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
- Laboratory of Biopsychiatry, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Novosibirsk, 630117, Russia
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de Medina P, Ayadi S, Diallo K, Buñay J, Pucheu L, Soulès R, Record M, Brillouet S, Vija L, Courbon F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. The Cholesterol-5,6-Epoxide Hydrolase: A Metabolic Checkpoint in Several Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:149-161. [PMID: 38036879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (5,6-ECs) are oxysterols (OS) that have been linked to several pathologies including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 5,6-ECs can be produced from cholesterol by several mechanisms including reactive oxygen species, lipoperoxidation, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. 5,6-ECs exist as two different diastereoisomers: 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC with different metabolic fates. They can be produced as a mixture or as single products of epoxidation. The epoxide ring of 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC is very stable and 5,6-ECs are prone to hydration by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH) to give cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, which can be further oxidized into oncosterone. 5,6α-EC is prone to chemical and enzymatic conjugation reactions leading to bioactive compounds such as dendrogenins, highlighting the existence of a new metabolic branch on the cholesterol pathway centered on 5,6α-EC. We will summarize in this chapter current knowledge on this pathway which is controlled by the ChEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Medina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Khadijetou Diallo
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julio Buñay
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laly Pucheu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Regis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Record
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Severine Brillouet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Lavinia Vija
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Courbon
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France.
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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9
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Olkkonen VM, Gylling H. Oxy- and Phytosterols as Biomarkers: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:353-375. [PMID: 38036889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols and phytosterols are sterol compounds present at markedly low levels in tissues and serum of healthy individuals. A wealth of evidence suggests that they could be employed as biomarkers for human diseases or for cholesterol absorption.An increasing number of reports suggest circulating or tissue oxysterols as putative biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. Thus far most of the studies have been carried out on small study populations. To achieve routine biomarker use, large prospective cohort studies are absolutely required. This, again, would necessitate thorough standardization of the oxysterol analytical methodology across the different laboratories, which now employ different technologies resulting in inconsistencies in the measured oxysterol levels. Routine use of oxysterol biomarkers would also necessitate the development of a new targeted analytical methodology suitable for high-throughput platforms.The most important use of phytosterols as biomarkers involves their use as markers for cholesterol absorption. For this to be achieved, (1) their quantitative analyses should be available in routine lipid laboratories, (2) it should be generally acknowledgment that the profile of cholesterol metabolism can reveal the risk of the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), and (3) screening of the profile of cholesterol metabolism should be included in the ASCVD risk surveys. This should be done e.g. in families with a history of early onset or frequent ASCVD and in young adults aged 18-20 years, to exclude the presence of high cholesterol absorption. Individuals in high cholesterol absorption families need preventive measures from young adulthood to inhibit the possible development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helena Gylling
- Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Tripodi D, Vitarelli F, Spiti S, Leoni V. The Diagnostic Use of the Plasma Quantification of 24S-Hydroxycholesterol and Other Oxysterols in Neurodegenerative Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:337-351. [PMID: 38036888 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol regulates fluidity and structure of cellular membranes. The brain is involved in signal transduction, synaptogenesis, and membrane trafficking. An impairment of its metabolism was observed in different neurodegenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer, and Huntington diseases. Because of the blood-brain barrier, cholesterol cannot be uptaken from the circulation and all the cholesterol is locally synthetized. The excess cholesterol in neurons is converted into 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24OHC) by the cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CYP46A1). The plasmatic concentration of 24OHC results in the balance between cerebral production and liver elimination. It is related to the number of metabolically active neurons in the brain. Several factors that affect the brain cholesterol turnover and the liver elimination of oxysterols, the genetic background, nutrition, and lifestyle habits were found to significantly affect plasma levels of 24OHC. Reduced levels of 24OHC were found related to the loss of metabolically active cells and the degree of brain atrophy. The dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier, inflammation, and increased cholesterol turnover might overlap with this progressive reduction giving temporary increased levels of 24OHC.The study of plasma 24OHC is likely to offer an insight into brain cholesterol turnover with a limited diagnostic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Tripodi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Federica Vitarelli
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Simona Spiti
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Hospital Pio XI of Desio, ASST-Brianza and Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Desio, MB, Italy.
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11
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Maekawa M. Analysis of Metabolic Changes in Endogenous Metabolites and Diagnostic Biomarkers for Various Diseases Using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1087-1105. [PMID: 38825462 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of endogenous metabolites in various diseases is useful for searching diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pathophysiology. The author and collaborators have developed some LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for metabolites and applied them to disease-related samples. First, we identified urinary conjugated cholesterol metabolites and serum N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine serine as useful biomarkers for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). For the purpose of intraoperative diagnosis of glioma patients, we developed the LC/MS/MS analysis methods for 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or cystine and found that they could be good differential biomarkers. For renal cell carcinoma, we searched for various biomarkers for early diagnosis, malignancy evaluation and recurrence prediction by global metabolome analysis and targeted LC/MS/MS analysis. In pathological analysis, we developed a simultaneous LC/MS/MS analysis method for 13 steroid hormones and applied it to NPC cells, we found 6 types of reductions in NPC model cells. For non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), model mice were prepared with special diet and plasma bile acids were measured, and as a result, hydrophilic bile acids were significantly increased. In addition, we developed an LC/MS/MS method for 17 sterols and analyzed liver cholesterol metabolites and found a decrease in phytosterols and cholesterol synthetic markers and an increase in non-enzymatic oxidative sterols in the pre-onset stage of NASH. We will continue to challenge themselves to add value to clinical practice based on cutting-edge analytical chemistry methodology.
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12
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de Médina P, Ayadi S, Soulès R, Payre B, Rup-Jacques S, Silvente-Poirot S, Samadi M, Poirot M. Chemical synthesis and biochemical properties of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3-sulfonate: A non-hydrolysable analogue of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-sulfate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106396. [PMID: 37683773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT) is a primary metabolite of 5,6-epoxycholesterols (5,6-EC) that is catalyzed by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH). CT is a well-known biomarker for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C), a progressive inherited neurodegenerative disease. On the other hand, CT is known to be metabolized by the 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase of type 2 (11β-HSD2) into a tumor promoter named oncosterone that stimulates the growth of breast cancer tumors. Sulfation is a major metabolic transformation leading to the production of sulfated oxysterols. The production of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-O-sulfate (CDS) has been reported in breast cancer cells. However, no data related to CDS biological properties have been reported so far. These studies have been hampered because sulfate esters of sterols and steroids are rapidly hydrolyzed by steroid sulfatase to give free steroids and sterols. In order to get insight into the biological properties of CDS, we report herein the synthesis and the characterization of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-sulfonate (CDSN), a non-hydrolysable analogue of CDS. We show that CDSN is a potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD2 that blocks oncosterone production on cell lysate. The inhibition of oncosterone biosynthesis of a whole cell assay was observed but results from the blockage by CDSN of the uptake of CT in MCF-7 cells. While CDSN inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation, we found that it potentiates the cytotoxic activity of post-lanosterol cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as tamoxifen and PBPE. This effect was associated with an increase of free sterols accumulation and the appearance of giant multilamellar bodies, a structural feature reminiscent of Type C Niemann-Pick disease cells and consistent with a possible inhibition by CDSN of NPC1. Altogether, our data showed that CDSN is biologically active and that it is a valuable tool to study the biological properties of CDS and more specifically its impact on immunity and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Médina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Régis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France
| | - Bruno Payre
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Rup-Jacques
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
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13
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Miyoshi K, Hishinuma E, Matsukawa N, Shirasago Y, Watanabe M, Sato T, Sato Y, Kumondai M, Kikuchi M, Koshiba S, Fukasawa M, Maekawa M, Mano N. Global Proteomics for Identifying the Alteration Pathway of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Using Hepatic Cell Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15642. [PMID: 37958627 PMCID: PMC10648601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder with progressive neurodegeneration. Although the causative genes were previously identified, NPC has unclear pathophysiological aspects, and patients with NPC present various symptoms and onset ages. However, various novel biomarkers and metabolic alterations have been investigated; at present, few comprehensive proteomic alterations have been reported in relation to NPC. In this study, we aimed to elucidate proteomic alterations in NPC and perform a global proteomics analysis for NPC model cells. First, we developed two NPC cell models by knocking out NPC1 using CRISPR/Cas9 (KO1 and KO2). Second, we performed a label-free (LF) global proteomics analysis. Using the LF approach, more than 300 proteins, defined as differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), changed in the KO1 and/or KO2 cells, while the two models shared 35 DEPs. As a bioinformatics analysis, the construction of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and an enrichment analysis showed that common characteristic pathways such as ferroptosis and mitophagy were identified in the two model cells. There are few reports of the involvement of NPC in ferroptosis, and this study presents ferroptosis as an altered pathway in NPC. On the other hand, many other pathways and DEPs were previously suggested to be associated with NPC, supporting the link between the proteome analyzed here and NPC. Therapeutic research based on these results is expected in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Miyoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (E.H.)
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsukawa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shirasago
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (E.H.)
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Fukasawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan; (E.H.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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14
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Hammond N, Snider J, Stagljar I, Mitchell K, Lagutin K, Jessulat M, Babu M, Teesdale-Spittle PH, Sheridan JP, Sturley SL, Munkacsi AB. Identification and characterization of protein interactions with the major Niemann-Pick type C disease protein in yeast reveals pathways of therapeutic potential. Genetics 2023; 225:iyad129. [PMID: 37440478 PMCID: PMC10471228 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NP-C) disease is a rare lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in NPC1 (95% cases) or NPC2 (5% cases). These proteins function together in cholesterol egress from the lysosome, whereby upon mutation, cholesterol and other lipids accumulate causing major pathologies. However, it is not fully understood how cholesterol is transported from NPC1 residing at the lysosomal membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane. The yeast ortholog of NPC1, Niemann-Pick type C-related protein-1 (Ncr1), functions similarly to NPC1; when transfected into a mammalian cell lacking NPC1, Ncr1 rescues the diagnostic hallmarks of cholesterol and sphingolipid accumulation. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with the yeast Ncr1 protein. A genome-wide split-ubiquitin membrane yeast two-hybrid (MYTH) protein interaction screen identified 11 ER membrane-localized, full-length proteins interacting with Ncr1 at the lysosomal/vacuolar membrane. These highlight the importance of ER-vacuole membrane interface and include PPIs with the Cyb5/Cbr1 electron transfer system, the ceramide synthase complex, and the Sec61/Sbh1 protein translocation complex. These PPIs were not detected in a sterol auxotrophy condition and thus depend on normal sterol metabolism. To provide biological context for the Ncr1-Cyb5 PPI, a yeast strain lacking this PPI (via gene deletions) exhibited altered levels of sterols and sphingolipids including increased levels of glucosylceramide that mimic NP-C disease. Overall, the results herein provide new physical and genetic interaction models to further use the yeast model of NP-C disease to better understand human NP-C disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hammond
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, Meštrovićevo Šetalište 45, HR-21000 Split, Croatia
| | | | | | - Matthew Jessulat
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Paul H Teesdale-Spittle
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey P Sheridan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Stephen L Sturley
- Department of Biology, Barnard College-Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew B Munkacsi
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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15
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Las Heras M, Szenfeld B, Ballout RA, Buratti E, Zanlungo S, Dardis A, Klein AD. Understanding the phenotypic variability in Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC): a need for precision medicine. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:21. [PMID: 37567876 PMCID: PMC10421955 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) characterized by the buildup of endo-lysosomal cholesterol and glycosphingolipids due to loss of function mutations in the NPC1 and NPC2 genes. NPC patients can present with a broad phenotypic spectrum, with differences at the age of onset, rate of progression, severity, organs involved, effects on the central nervous system, and even response to pharmacological treatments. This article reviews the phenotypic variation of NPC and discusses its possible causes, such as the remaining function of the defective protein, modifier genes, sex, environmental cues, and splicing factors, among others. We propose that these factors should be considered when designing or repurposing treatments for this disease. Despite its seeming complexity, this proposition is not far-fetched, considering the expanding interest in precision medicine and easier access to multi-omics technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Las Heras
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
| | - Benjamín Szenfeld
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile
| | - Rami A Ballout
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Center and Children's Health, Dallas, TX, 75235, USA
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- Molecular Pathology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, 34149, Italy
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330033, Chile
| | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrés D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, 7780272, Chile.
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16
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Sahasrabudhe SA, Terluk MR, Kartha RV. N-acetylcysteine Pharmacology and Applications in Rare Diseases-Repurposing an Old Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1316. [PMID: 37507857 PMCID: PMC10376274 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a precursor of cysteine and, thereby, glutathione (GSH), acts as an antioxidant through a variety of mechanisms, including oxidant scavenging, GSH replenishment, antioxidant signaling, etc. Owing to the variety of proposed targets, NAC has a long history of use as a prescription product and in wide-ranging applications that are off-label as an over-the-counter (OTC) product. Despite its discovery in the early 1960s and its development for various indications, systematic clinical pharmacology explorations of NAC pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamic targets, drug interactions, and dose-ranging are sorely limited. Although there are anecdotal instances of NAC benefits in a variety of diseases, a comprehensive review of the use of NAC in rare diseases does not exist. In this review, we attempt to summarize the existing literature focused on NAC explorations in rare diseases targeting mitochondrial dysfunction along with the history of NAC usage, approved indications, mechanisms of action, safety, and PK characterization. Further, we introduce the research currently underway on other structural derivatives of NAC and acknowledge the continuum of efforts through pre-clinical and clinical research to facilitate further therapeutic development of NAC or its derivatives for rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhee A Sahasrabudhe
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Marcia R Terluk
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Reena V Kartha
- Center for Orphan Drug Research, Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Rm 4-214, McGuire Translational Research Facility, 2001 6th St. SE, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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17
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Yu M, Ye H, De-Paula RB, Mangleburg CG, Wu T, Lee TV, Li Y, Duong D, Phillips B, Cruchaga C, Allen GI, Seyfried NT, Al-Ramahi I, Botas J, Shulman JM. Functional screening of lysosomal storage disorder genes identifies modifiers of alpha-synuclein neurotoxicity. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010760. [PMID: 37200393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene are common and potent risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). GBA also causes the autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder (LSD), Gaucher disease, and emerging evidence from human genetics implicates many other LSD genes in PD susceptibility. We have systemically tested 86 conserved fly homologs of 37 human LSD genes for requirements in the aging adult Drosophila brain and for potential genetic interactions with neurodegeneration caused by α-synuclein (αSyn), which forms Lewy body pathology in PD. Our screen identifies 15 genetic enhancers of αSyn-induced progressive locomotor dysfunction, including knockdown of fly homologs of GBA and other LSD genes with independent support as PD susceptibility factors from human genetics (SCARB2, SMPD1, CTSD, GNPTAB, SLC17A5). For several genes, results from multiple alleles suggest dose-sensitivity and context-dependent pleiotropy in the presence or absence of αSyn. Homologs of two genes causing cholesterol storage disorders, Npc1a / NPC1 and Lip4 / LIPA, were independently confirmed as loss-of-function enhancers of αSyn-induced retinal degeneration. The enzymes encoded by several modifier genes are upregulated in αSyn transgenic flies, based on unbiased proteomics, revealing a possible, albeit ineffective, compensatory response. Overall, our results reinforce the important role of lysosomal genes in brain health and PD pathogenesis, and implicate several metabolic pathways, including cholesterol homeostasis, in αSyn-mediated neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meigen Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ruth B De-Paula
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carl Grant Mangleburg
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Timothy Wu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tom V Lee
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Duc Duong
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bridget Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Genevera I Allen
- Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Computer Science, and Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan Botas
- Quantitative and Computational Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joshua M Shulman
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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18
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Geberhiwot T, Wasserstein M, Wanninayake S, Bolton SC, Dardis A, Lehman A, Lidove O, Dawson C, Giugliani R, Imrie J, Hopkin J, Green J, de Vicente Corbeira D, Madathil S, Mengel E, Ezgü F, Pettazzoni M, Sjouke B, Hollak C, Vanier MT, McGovern M, Schuchman E. Consensus clinical management guidelines for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (Niemann-Pick disease types A, B and A/B). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:85. [PMID: 37069638 PMCID: PMC10108815 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acid Sphingomyelinase Deficiency (ASMD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the SMPD1 gene. This rarity contributes to misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis and barriers to good care. There are no published national or international consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with ASMD. For these reasons, we have developed clinical guidelines that defines standard of care for ASMD patients. METHODS The information contained in these guidelines was obtained through a systematic literature review and the experiences of the authors in their care of patients with ASMD. We adopted the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) system as method of choice for the guideline development process. RESULTS The clinical spectrum of ASMD, although a continuum, varies substantially with subtypes ranging from a fatal infantile neurovisceral disorder to an adult-onset chronic visceral disease. We produced 39 conclusive statements and scored them according to level of evidence, strengths of recommendations and expert opinions. In addition, these guidelines have identified knowledge gaps that must be filled by future research. CONCLUSION These guidelines can inform care providers, care funders, patients and their carers about best clinical practice and leads to a step change in the quality of care for patients with ASMD with or without enzyme replacement therapy (ERT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarekegn Geberhiwot
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- Institute of Metabolism and System Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Melissa Wasserstein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, AMC Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Anna Lehman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Olivier Lidove
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hôpital de La Croix Saint Simon, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- BioDiscovery and DR BRASIL Research Group, HCPA, Department of Genetics and PPGBM, UFRGS, INAGEMP, DASA, and Casa Dos Raros, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jackie Imrie
- International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry, Newcastle, UK
| | - Justin Hopkin
- National Niemann-Pick Disease Foundation, Fort Atkinson, WI, USA
| | - James Green
- International Niemann-Pick Disease Registry, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Shyam Madathil
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eugen Mengel
- Institute of Clinical Science in LSD, SphinCS, Hochheim, Germany
| | - Fatih Ezgü
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism and Division of Pediatric Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Magali Pettazzoni
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Reference Center for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Boulevard Pinel, 69677, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Sjouke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, F5-169, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Hollak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, F5-169, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Edward Schuchman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, Room 14-20A, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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19
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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20
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Dang Do AN, Chang IJ, Jiang X, Wolfe LA, Ng BG, Lam C, Schnur RE, Allis K, Hansikova H, Ondruskova N, O’Connor SD, Sanchez-Valle A, Vollo A, Wang RY, Wolfenson Z, Perreault J, Ory DS, Freeze HH, Merritt JL, Porter FD. Elevated oxysterol and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine levels in congenital disorders of glycosylation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:326-334. [PMID: 36719165 PMCID: PMC10023375 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) and Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease are inborn errors of metabolism that can both present with infantile-onset severe liver disease and other multisystemic manifestations. Plasma bile acid and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine (PPCS) are screening biomarkers with proposed improved sensitivity and specificity for NPC. We report an infant with ATP6AP1-CDG who presented with cholestatic liver failure and elevated plasma oxysterols and bile acid, mimicking NPC clinically and biochemically. On further investigation, PPCS, but not the bile acid derivative N-(3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oyl) glycine (TCG), were elevated in plasma samples from individuals with ATP6AP1-, ALG1-, ALG8-, and PMM2-CDG. These findings highlight the importance of keeping CDG within the diagnostic differential when evaluating children with early onset severe liver disease and elevated bile acid or PPCS to prevent delayed diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- An N. Dang Do
- Office of the Clinical Director, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Correspondence An Ngoc Dang Do, MD PhD, , 10 Center Drive, MSC 1103, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Irene J. Chang
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xutian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lynne A. Wolfe
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bobby G. Ng
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christina Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Hana Hansikova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Ondruskova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shawn D. O’Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Arve Vollo
- Department of Paediatrics, Sykehuset Ostfold HF, Fredrikstad, Norway
| | - Raymond Y. Wang
- Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange County, CA, USA
- University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Wolfenson
- Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Perreault
- Office of the Clinical Director, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Ory
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children’s Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Lawrence Merritt
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Campbell K, Cawley NX, Luke R, Scott KEJ, Johnson N, Farhat NY, Alexander D, Wassif CA, Li W, Cologna SM, Berry-Kravis E, Do AD, Dale RK, Porter FD. Identification of cerebral spinal fluid protein biomarkers in Niemann-Pick disease, type C1. Biomark Res 2023; 11:14. [PMID: 36721240 PMCID: PMC9887810 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease, type C1 (NPC1) is an ultrarare, recessive, lethal, lysosomal disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and cognitive impairment. Although the NPC1 phenotype is heterogeneous with variable age of onset, classical NPC1 is a pediatric disorder. Currently there are no therapies approved by the FDA and therapeutics trials for NPC1 are complicated by disease rarity, heterogeneity, and the relatively slow rate of neurological decline. Thus, identification of disease relevant biomarkers is necessary to provide tools that can support drug development efforts for this devastating neurological disease. METHODS Proximal extension assays (O-link® Explore 1536) were used to compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from individuals with NPC1 enrolled in a natural history study and non-NPC1 comparison samples. Relative expression levels of 1467 proteins were determined, and candidate protein biomarkers were identified by evaluating fold-change and adjusted Kruskal-Wallis test p-values. Selected proteins were orthogonally confirmed using ELISA. To gain insight into disease progression and severity we evaluated the altered protein expression with respect to clinically relevant phenotypic aspects: NPC Neurological Severity Score (NPC1 NSS), Annual Severity Increment Score (ASIS) and age of neurological onset. RESULTS This study identified multiple proteins with altered levels in CSF from individuals with NPC1 compared to non-NPC1 samples. These included proteins previously shown to be elevated in NPC1 (NEFL, MAPT, CHIT1, CALB1) and additional proteins confirmed by orthogonal assays (PARK7, CALB2/calretinin, CHI3L1/YKL-40, MIF, CCL18 and ENO2). Correlations with clinically relevant phenotypic parameters demonstrated moderate negative (p = 0.0210, r = -0.41) and possible moderate positive (p = 0.0631, r = 0.33) correlation of CSF CALB2 levels with age of neurological onset and ASIS, respectively. CSF CHI3L1 levels showed a moderate positive (p = 0.0183, r = 0.40) correlation with the concurrent NPC1 NSS. A strong negative correlation (p = 0.0016, r = -0.648) was observed between CSF CCL18 and age of neurological onset for childhood/adolescent cases. CSF CCL18 levels also showed a strong positive correlation (p = 0.0017, r = 0.61) with ASIS. CONCLUSION Our study identified and validated multiple proteins in CSF from individuals with NPC1 that are candidates for further investigation in a larger cohort. These analytes may prove to be useful as supportive data in therapeutic trials. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS NCT00344331, NCT00001721, NCT02931682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersten Campbell
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 10CRC, Rm. 1-3330, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20879 USA
| | - Niamh X. Cawley
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section On Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Rachel Luke
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section On Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Katelin E. J. Scott
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section On Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Nicholas Johnson
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 10CRC, Rm. 1-3330, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20879 USA
| | - Nicole Y. Farhat
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section On Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Derek Alexander
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section On Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Christopher A. Wassif
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section On Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Wenping Li
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stephanie M. Cologna
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - An Dang Do
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Unit On Cellular Stress in Development and Diseases, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ryan K. Dale
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 10CRC, Rm. 1-3330, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20879 USA
| | - Forbes D. Porter
- grid.420089.70000 0000 9635 8082Section On Molecular Dysmorphology, Division of Translational Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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22
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Tang W, Beckley JT, Zhang J, Song R, Xu Y, Kim S, Quirk MC, Robichaud AJ, Diaz ES, Myers SJ, Doherty JJ, Ackley MA, Traynelis SF, Yuan H. Novel neuroactive steroids as positive allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors: mechanism, site of action, and rescue pharmacology on GRIN variants associated with neurological conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:42. [PMID: 36645496 PMCID: PMC10644378 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play vital roles in normal brain functions (i.e., learning, memory, and neuronal development) and various neuropathological conditions, such as epilepsy, autism, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Endogenous neuroactive steroids such as 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-HC) have been shown to influence NMDAR activity, and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) derived from 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol scaffold can also enhance NMDAR function. This study describes the structural determinants and mechanism of action for 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and two novel synthetic analogs (SGE-550 and SGE-301) on NMDAR function. We also show that these agents can mitigate the altered function caused by a set of loss-of-function missense variants in NMDAR GluN subunit-encoding GRIN genes associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. We anticipate that the evaluation of novel neuroactive steroid NMDAR PAMs may catalyze the development of new treatment strategies for GRIN-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sukhan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Eva Sarai Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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23
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Nóbrega PR, Bernardes AM, Ribeiro RM, Vasconcelos SC, Araújo DABS, Gama VCDV, Fussiger H, Santos CDF, Dias DA, Pessoa ALS, Pinto WBVDR, Saute JAM, de Souza PVS, Braga-Neto P. Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: A practice review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1049850. [PMID: 36619921 PMCID: PMC9816572 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1049850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis represents a rare and underdiagnosed inherited neurometabolic disorder due to homozygous or compound heterozygous variants involving the CYP27A1 gene. This bile acid metabolism disorder represents a key potentially treatable neurogenetic condition due to the wide spectrum of neurological presentations in which it most commonly occurs. Cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, spastic paraparesis, epilepsy, parkinsonism, cognitive decline, intellectual disability, and neuropsychiatric disturbances represent some of the most common neurological signs observed in this condition. Despite representing key features to increase diagnostic index suspicion, multisystemic involvement does not represent an obligatory feature and can also be under evaluated during diagnostic work-up. Chenodeoxycholic acid represents a well-known successful therapy for this inherited metabolic disease, however its unavailability in several contexts, high costs and common use in patients at late stages of disease course limit more favorable neurological outcomes for most individuals. This review article aims to discuss and highlight the most recent and updated knowledge regarding clinical, pathophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic and therapeutic aspects related to Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ribeiro Nóbrega
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil,Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Moura Bernardes
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Mariano Ribeiro
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Sophia Costa Vasconcelos
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Helena Fussiger
- School of Medicine, Universidade Federação de Estabelecimentos de Ensino Superior em Novo Hamburgo, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil,Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - André Luíz Santos Pessoa
- Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin, Fortaleza, Brazil,Center of Health Science, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Jonas Alex Morales Saute
- Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Medical Genetics Service and Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil,Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza
- Neurometabolic Unit, Division of Neuromuscular Diseases, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,*Correspondence: Paulo Victor Sgobbi de Souza ✉
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil,Center of Health Science, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Papandreou A, Doykov I, Spiewak J, Komarov N, Habermann S, Kurian MA, Mills PB, Mills K, Gissen P, Heywood WE. Niemann-Pick type C disease as proof-of-concept for intelligent biomarker panel selection in neurometabolic disorders. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:1539-1546. [PMID: 35833379 PMCID: PMC9796541 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM Using Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) as a paradigm, we aimed to improve biomarker discovery in patients with neurometabolic disorders. METHOD Using a multiplexed liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry dried bloodspot assay, we developed a selective intelligent biomarker panel to monitor known biomarkers N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine and 3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-cholanoyl-glycine as well as compounds predicted to be affected in NPC pathology. We applied this panel to a clinically relevant paediatric patient cohort (n = 75; 35 males, 40 females; mean age 7 years 6 months, range 4 days-19 years 8 months) presenting with neurodevelopmental and/or neurodegenerative pathology, similar to that observed in NPC. RESULTS The panel had a far superior performance compared with individual biomarkers. Namely, NPC-related established biomarkers used individually had 91% to 97% specificity but the combined panel had 100% specificity. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed long-chain isoforms of glucosylceramide were elevated and very specific for patients with NPC. INTERPRETATION Despite advancements in next-generation sequencing and precision medicine, neurological non-enzymatic disorders remain difficult to diagnose and lack robust biomarkers or routine functional testing for genetic variants of unknown significance. Biomarker panels may have better diagnostic accuracy than individual biomarkers in neurometabolic disorders, hence they can facilitate more prompt disease identification and implementation of emerging targeted, disease-specific therapies. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Intelligent biomarker panel design can help expedite diagnosis in neurometabolic disorders. In Niemann-Pick type C disease, such a panel performed better than individual biomarkers. Biomarker panels are easy to implement and widely applicable to neurometabolic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Papandreou
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Ivan Doykov
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Justyna Spiewak
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Nikita Komarov
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Manju A. Kurian
- Molecular Neurosciences, Developmental Neurosciences Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Philippa B. Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Kevin Mills
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for ChildrenLondonUK
| | - Wendy E. Heywood
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism Section, Genetics & Genomic Medicine Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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25
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Maekawa M, Miyoshi K, Narita A, Sato T, Sato Y, Kumondai M, Kikuchi M, Higaki K, Okuyama T, Eto Y, Sakamaki H, Mano N. Development of a Highly Sensitive and Rapid Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometric Method Using a Basic Mobile Phase Additive to Determine the Characteristics of the Urinary Metabolites for Niemann–Pick Disease Type C. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1259-1268. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aya Narita
- Division of Child Neurology, Tottori University Hospital
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Katsumi Higaki
- Division of Functional Genomics, Research Centre for Bioscience and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Torayuki Okuyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development
| | - Yoshikatsu Eto
- Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute for Neurological Disorders
| | | | - Nariyasu Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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Guidara W, Messedi M, Naifar M, Maalej M, Khrouf W, Grayaa S, Maalej M, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Lamari F, Ayadi F. Plasma oxysterols in drug-free patients with schizophrenia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106123. [PMID: 35550868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from clinical, genetic, and medical studies has shown the neuronal developmental disorder aspect of schizophrenia (SZ). Whereas oxysterols are vital factors in neurodevelopment, it is still unknown whether they are involved in the pathophysiology of SZ. The current study aims to explore the profile of oxysterols in plasma, ratio to total cholesterol (Tchol) and the association with clinical factors in patients with SZ. Forty men diagnosed with SZ and forty healthy controls matched for age and sex were included in the study. The ratios of cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and Cholestanol to Tchol increased in the schizophrenic group compared to controls. However, levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC) were not significantly different between patients and controls. For the SZ patients, the plasma 24-OHC levels were positively correlated with the positive and negative syndrome total scores (PANSS) but negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (MOCA). Moreover, the ratio Cholestanol to Tchol was negatively correlated with MOCA scores and positively correlated with PANSS general. The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the ratio Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol/TChol could be considered as an independent risk factor for SZ. On the other hand, the receiver's operating characteristics analysis corresponding to potential biomarkers on SZ showed Areas Under the Curve (AUCs) of 82.1%; 69.7% and 77.6% for the ratio of Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol/TChol, 27-OHC/TChol and Cholestanol/TChol respectively. The relevance of Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, 27-OHC and Cholestanol assays as biomarkers of this disease deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassim Guidara
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Meriam Messedi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Naifar
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Maalej
- Psychiatry C-department, Hédi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Walid Khrouf
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Maalej
- Psychiatry C-department, Hédi Chaker Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, F-75013 Paris, France; Université de Paris, CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Biochemistry Laboratory, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia
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Messedi M, Guidara W, Grayaa S, Khrouf W, Snoussi M, Bahloul Z, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Lamari F, Ayadi F. Selected plasma oxysterols as a potential multi-marker biosignature panel for Behçet's Disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106122. [PMID: 35588947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, genetic, and medical evidence has shown the inflammatory vasculitis aspect of Behçet's Disease (BD). Whereas oxysterols are vital factors in inflammation and oxidative stress, it is still unknown whether they are involved in the pathophysiology of BD. The current study aims to explore the profile of oxysterols in plasma of BD patients. Thirty patients diagnosed with BD and forty healthy controls matched for age and gender were included. Results showed that the cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and cholestanol levels were higher in BD than controls. In addition, plasma levels of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) were lower in BD patient. However, levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC) did not significantly differ. For BD patients, the plasma 7-KC level was negatively correlated with the BD activity index (BDAI) while 27-OHC was positively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with active course of the disease. According to ROC analysis, a remarkable increase in the area under the curve (AUC) with a higher sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for 7-KC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC combined markers was observed. The present study indicated that the identification of the predictive value of these three-selected biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation in patients should lead to a better identification of the etiological mechanism of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Messedi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Wassim Guidara
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Walid Khrouf
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Mouna Snoussi
- Internal medicine department, Hedi Chaker Hosptital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhir Bahloul
- Internal medicine department, Hedi Chaker Hosptital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, Paris F-75013, France; Université de Paris, CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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Experience of the NPC Brazil Network with a Comprehensive Program for the Screening and Diagnosis of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C. Int J Neonatal Screen 2022; 8:ijns8030039. [PMID: 35892469 PMCID: PMC9326630 DOI: 10.3390/ijns8030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a lysosomal disorder caused by impaired cholesterol metabolism. Levels of lysosphingomyelin 509 (LysoSM509) have been shown elevated in dried blood spots (DBS) of NPC and acid sphingomyelinase deficiency patients. In this study, we report our experience using a two-tier approach (1st tier is the quantification of lysoSM509 by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry followed by the 2nd tier with next-generation sequencing of the NPC1 and NPC2 genes). DBS samples from 450 suspected patients were received by the NPC Brazil network. Of these, 33 samples had elevated levels of lysoSM509, and in 25 of them, variants classified as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or of unknown significance were identified in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes by next-generation sequencing. The quantification of lysoSM509 in DBS as a first-tier test for the diagnosis of NPC followed by molecular analysis of the NPC1 and NPC2 genes almost doubled the detection rate when compared to the performance of chitotriosidase activity as a first-tier biomarker, and it could likely be increased with the addition of a third tier with MLPA of the two genes involved. This strategy seems suitable for the neonatal screening (NBS) of NPC if this disease is eventually adopted by NBS programs.
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Lee JH, Han JH, Woo JH, Jou I. 25-Hydroxycholesterol suppress IFN-γ-induced inflammation in microglia by disrupting lipid raft formation and caveolin-mediated signaling endosomes. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:252-265. [PMID: 34808332 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Acute microglial activation plays an important role in neuroprotection. However, dysregulated, prolonged microgliosis exacerbates neurodegeneration through excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic factors. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), an inflammatory cytokine, exacerbates the detrimental microglial response. Although various anti-inflammatory drugs have been evaluated as interventions for microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, no anti-inflammatories are in clinical use for microgliosis. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of oxysterols, blood brain barrier (BBB) penetrable bioactive lipids, revealing that this intervention suppresses neuroinflammation by disrupting membrane lipid raft formation and caveolae-mediated endosomal IFN-γ signaling. We find that 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) rapidly repressed IFN-γ receptor trafficking to lipid rafts in microglia by disrupting raft formation, thereby suppressing microglial inflammatory response. IFN-γ treatment upregulated expression of Cav-1, a major component of caveolae, and IFN-γ signaling was sustained through Cav-1+ signaling endosomes. 25-HC repressed IFN-γ induction of Cav-1 expression in microglia, and subsequently suppressed the chronic inflammatory response. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that 25-HC effectively regulate the inflammatory status of microglia by mediating the formation of rafts and caveolae-dependent signaling endosomes. Given the important roles of IFN-γ and microglia in the pathology of neurodegenerative brain diseases, a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of 25-HC that is not receptor-dependent, but rather is related to the regulation of membrane rafts and caveolae, suggests a new therapeutic target for inflammatory neurodegenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hoon Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Ji-Hye Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Joo Hong Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Ilo Jou
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Inflamm-aging Translational Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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30
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Groenen AG, La Rose AM, Li M, Bazioti V, Svendsen AF, Kloosterhuis NJ, Ausema A, Pranger A, Heiner-Fokkema MR, Niezen-Koning KE, Houben T, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Westerterp M. Elevated granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and hematopoietic stem cell mobilization in Niemann-Pick type C1 disease. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100167. [PMID: 35007562 PMCID: PMC8953690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations of the NPC1 gene. While neurodegeneration is the most severe symptom, a large proportion of NPC1 patients also present with splenomegaly, which has been attributed to cholesterol and glycosphingolipid accumulation in late endosomes and lysosomes. However, recent data also reveal an increase in the inflammatory monocyte subset in the Npc1nih mouse model expressing an Npc1 null allele. We evaluated the contribution of hematopoietic cells to splenomegaly in NPC1 disease under conditions of hypercholesterolemia. We transplanted Npc1nih (Npc1 null mutation) or Npc1wt bone marrow (BM) into Ldlr-/- mice and fed these mice a cholesterol-rich Western-type diet. At 9 weeks after BM transplant, on a chow diet, the Npc1 null mutation increased plasma granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) by 2-fold and caused mild neutrophilia. At 18 weeks after BM transplant, including 9 weeks of Western-type diet feeding, the Npc1 mutation increased G-csf mRNA levels by ∼5-fold in splenic monocytes/macrophages accompanied by a ∼4-fold increase in splenic neutrophils compared with controls. We also observed ∼5-fold increased long-term and short-term hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the spleen, and a ∼30-75% decrease of these populations in BM, reflecting HSC mobilization, presumably downstream of elevated G-CSF. In line with these data, four patients with NPC1 disease showed higher plasma G-CSF compared with age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls. In conclusion, we show elevated G-CSF levels and HSC mobilization in the setting of an Npc1 null mutation and propose that this contributes to splenomegaly in patients with NPC1 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk G Groenen
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M La Rose
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Venetia Bazioti
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur F Svendsen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albertina Ausema
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alle Pranger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Klary E Niezen-Koning
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Houben
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Maekawa M, Mano N. Cutting edge LC‐MS/MS applications in clinical mass spectrometry ‐Focusing on analysis of drugs and metabolites. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5347. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Miyagi Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University Hospital Sendai Miyagi Japan
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Maekawa M, Mano N. Searching, Structural Determination, and Diagnostic Performance Evaluation of Biomarker Molecules for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2022; 11:A0111. [PMID: 36713801 PMCID: PMC9853955 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration. Patients with NPC have a wide age of onset and various clinical symptoms. Therefore, the discovery and diagnosis of NPC are very difficult. Conventional laboratory tests are complicated and time consuming. In this context, biomarker searches have recently been performed. Our research group has previously also investigated NPC biomarkers based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and related techniques. To identify biomarker candidates, nontargeted analysis with high-resolution MS and MS/MS scanning is commonly used. Structural speculation has been performed using LC/MS/MS fragmentation and chemical derivatization, while identification is performed by matching authentic standards and sample specimens. Diagnostic performance evaluation was performed using the validated LC/MS/MS method and analysis of samples from patients and control subjects. NPC biomarkers, which have been identified and evaluated in terms of performance, are various classes of lipid molecules. Oxysterols, cholenoic acids, and conjugates are cholesterol-derived molecules detected in the blood or urine. Plasma lyso-sphingolipids are biomarkers for both NPC and other lysosomal diseases. N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine-serine is a novel class of lipid biomarkers for NPC. This article reviews biomarkers for NPC and the analysis methods employed to that end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan,Correspondence to: Masamitsu Maekawa, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan, e-mail:
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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Jiang X, Ory DS. Advancing Diagnosis and Treatment of Niemann-Pick C disease through Biomarker Discovery. EXPLORATION OF NEUROPROTECTIVE THERAPY 2021; 1:146-158. [PMID: 35356760 PMCID: PMC8963791 DOI: 10.37349/ent.2021.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C is a rare neurodegenerative, lysosomal storage disease caused by accumulation of unesterified cholesterol. Diagnosis of the disease is often delayed due to its rarity, the heterogeneous presentation and the early non-specific symptoms. The discovery of disease-specific biomarkers - cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (C-triol), trihydroxycholanic acid glycinate (TCG) and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholineserine (PPCS, initially referred to as lysoSM-509) - has led to development of non-invasive, blood-based diagnostics. Dissemination of these rapid, sensitive, and specific clinical assays has accelerated diagnosis. Moreover, the superior receiver operating characteristic of the TCG bile acid biomarker and its detection in dried blood spots has also facilitated development of a newborn screen for NPC, which is currently being piloted in New York state. The C-triol, TCG and PPCS biomarkers have also proven useful for monitoring treatment response in peripheral tissues, but are uninformative with respect to treatment efficacy in the central nervous system (CNS). A major gap for the field is the lack of a validated, non-invasive biomarker to monitor the course of disease and CNS response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Boenzi S, Catesini G, Sacchetti E, Tagliaferri F, Dionisi-Vici C, Deodato F. Comprehensive-targeted lipidomic analysis in Niemann-Pick C disease. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:337-343. [PMID: 34810067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick C disease (NPC) is a lysosomal disease caused by mutations in NPC1 or NPC2 genes responsible for intracellular accumulation of free cholesterol and glycosphingolipids in a variety of tissues. We collected plasma samples from 15 NPC1 patients and 15 age-matched controls to analyze the impairment of lipid metabolism. Comprehensive-targeted quantitative lipidomic analysis was per-formed by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry, while oxysterols and lyso-sphingolipids, the classical NPC biomarkers, were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Lipidomic analysis allowed the quantitation of ~1100 lipid species, belonging to 13 different classes. Statistical analysis of collected data showed a significant differentiation between NPC patients and controls. Lipid profiling showed an elevation of arachidonic acid and total diacylglycerols. Conversely, sphingomyelins, phosphatidylethano-lamines, phosphatidylcholines, cholesterylesters, and lactosylceramides were decreased. Indeed, the lipid imbalance was consistent with the increased concentrations of oxysterols and lyso-sphingolipids. Our study revealed a novel disease biosignature suggesting new potential diagnostic biomarkers. The alteration in key lipids molecules involved in inflammatory pathways and in oxidative stress regulation, provides new insights in the complex pathophysiology of the disease, still largely un-known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Boenzi
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulio Catesini
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Sacchetti
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Tagliaferri
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; SCDU of Pediatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Deodato
- Division of Metabolism, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Plasma Neurofilament Light (NfL) in Patients Affected by Niemann-Pick Type C Disease (NPCD). J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204796. [PMID: 34682919 PMCID: PMC8537496 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 genes. The clinical presentation is characterized by visceral and neurological involvement. Apart from a small group of patients presenting a severe perinatal form, all patients develop progressive and fatal neurological disease with an extremely variable age of onset. Different biomarkers have been identified; however, they poorly correlate with neurological disease. In this study we assessed the possible role of plasma NfL as a neurological disease-associated biomarker in NPCD. (2) Methods: Plasma NfL levels were measured in 75 healthy controls and 26 patients affected by NPCD (24 NPC1 and 2 NPC2; 39 samples). (3) Results: Plasma NfL levels in healthy controls correlated with age and were significantly lower in pediatric patients as compared to adult subjects (p = 0.0017). In both pediatric and adult NPCD patients, the plasma levels of NfL were significantly higher than in age-matched controls (p < 0.0001). Most importantly, plasma NfL levels in NPCD patients with neurological involvement were significantly higher than the levels found in patients free of neurological signs at the time of sampling, both in the pediatric and the adult group (p = 0.0076; p = 0.0032, respectively). Furthermore, in adults the NfL levels in non-neurological patients were comparable with those found in age-matched controls. No correlations between plasma NfL levels and NPCD patient age at sampling or plasma levels of cholestan 3β-5α-6β-triol were found. (4) Conclusions: These data suggest a promising role of plasma NfL as a possible neurological disease-associated biomarker in NPCD.
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Loss of SNORA73 reprograms cellular metabolism and protects against steatohepatitis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5214. [PMID: 34471131 PMCID: PMC8410784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and resulting lipotoxicity are pathologic signatures of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Excess lipid causes cell dysfunction and induces cell death through pleiotropic mechanisms that link to oxidative stress. However, pathways that regulate the response to metabolic stress are not well understood. Herein, we show that disruption of the box H/ACA SNORA73 small nucleolar RNAs encoded within the small nucleolar RNA hosting gene 3 (Snhg3) causes resistance to lipid-induced cell death and general oxidative stress in cultured cells. This protection from metabolic stress is associated with broad reprogramming of oxidative metabolism that is dependent on the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling axis. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of SNORA73 in vivo protects against hepatic steatosis and lipid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Our findings demonstrate a role for SNORA73 in the regulation of metabolism and lipotoxicity.
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Thurm A, Chlebowski C, Joseph L, Farmer C, Adedipe D, Weiss M, Wiggs E, Farhat N, Bianconi S, Berry-Kravis E, Porter FD. Neurodevelopmental Characterization of Young Children Diagnosed with Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021; 41:388-396. [PMID: 32073546 PMCID: PMC7592416 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, with the age of diagnosis ranging from the prenatal period through adulthood. Although neurological symptoms usually precede genetic diagnosis, they do not necessarily prompt diagnosis in the early years. Few prospective data are available to describe neurological onset, including neurodevelopmental delays, in children with NPC1. This dearth of information hinders the planning and implementation of adequate monitoring and treatment for the neurodevelopmental sequelae of NPC1. METHOD Twenty-nine infants, toddlers, and preschoolers younger than 6 years participated in a natural history study and were administered neurodevelopmental assessments using instruments commonly used for early intervention screening in the community. RESULTS Twenty-two of 29 participants met the criteria for a significant delay of at least 1.5 SDs below the mean in at least one domain of development; the youngest children often met these criteria for a significant delay based on motor delays, but cognitive and language delays were also common. However, only 11 of the 22 participants were reported to receive early intervention services before study entry. CONCLUSION Although neurological symptoms may not prompt the genetic diagnosis of NPC1, the current findings support the use of a multimethod approach to repeated assessments for young children with the diagnosis because of the frequency of developmental delays or decline in multiple domains. The diagnosis of NPC1 alone should qualify children for evaluation for early intervention services and consideration of investigational therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Thurm
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Colby Chlebowski
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lisa Joseph
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Cristan Farmer
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dee Adedipe
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Madison Weiss
- Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Phenotyping Service, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Edythe Wiggs
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicole Farhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Simona Bianconi
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurological Sciences, and Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
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38
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Rodriguez-Gil JL, Baxter LL, Watkins-Chow DE, Johnson NL, Davidson CD, Carlson SR, Incao AA, Wallom KL, Farhat NY, Platt FM, Dale RK, Porter FD, Pavan WJ. Transcriptome of HPβCD-treated Niemann-pick disease type C1 cells highlights GPNMB as a biomarker for therapeutics. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2456-2468. [PMID: 34296265 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1) arises from lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. These subcellular pathologies lead to phenotypes of hepatosplenomegaly, neurological degeneration and premature death. The timing and severity of NPC1 clinical presentation is extremely heterogeneous. This study analyzed RNA-Seq data from 42 NPC1 patient-derived, primary fibroblast cell lines to determine transcriptional changes induced by treatment with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), a compound currently under investigation in clinical trials. A total of 485 HPβCD-responsive genes were identified. Pathway enrichment analysis of these genes showed significant involvement in cholesterol and lipid biosynthesis. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry of the cerebellum as well as measurements of serum from Npc1m1N null mice treated with HPβCD and adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy suggests that one of the identified genes, GPNMB, may serve as a useful biomarker of treatment response in NPC1 disease. Overall, this large NPC1 patient-derived dataset provides a comprehensive foundation for understanding the genomic response to HPβCD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Rodriguez-Gil
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Laura L Baxter
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Dawn E Watkins-Chow
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Nicholas L Johnson
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | - Cristin D Davidson
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Steven R Carlson
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Arturo A Incao
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | | | | | - Nicole Y Farhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | | | - Ryan K Dale
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Division of Translational Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health
| | - William J Pavan
- Genomics, Development and Disease Section, Genetic Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health
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39
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Han S, Zhang H, Yi M, Liu X, Maegawa GHB, Zou Y, Wang Q, Wu D, Ye Z. Potential Disease-Modifying Effects of Lithium Carbonate in Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667361. [PMID: 34177581 PMCID: PMC8220070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NP-C1) is a rare, autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative disorder with no United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug. Lithium has been shown to have considerable neuroprotective effects for neurological disorders such as bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease and stroke and has been tested in many clinical trials. However, the pharmacological effect of lithium on NP-C1 neurodegenerative processes has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to provide an initial evaluation of the safety and feasibility of lithium carbonate in patients with NP-C1. Methods: A total of 13 patients diagnosed with NP-C1 who met the inclusion criteria received lithium orally at doses of 300, 600, 900, or 1,200 mg daily. The dose was reduced based on tolerance or safety observations. Plasma 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC), an emerging biomarker of NP-C1, was the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints included NPC Neurological Severity Scores (NNSS) and safety. Results: Of the 13 patients with NP-C1 (12-33 years) enrolled, three withdrew (discontinuation of follow-up outpatient visits). The last observed post-treatment values of 7-KC concentrations (128 ng/ml, SEM 20) were significantly lower than pretreatment baselines values (185 ng/ml, SEM 29; p = 0.001). The mean NNSS was improved after lithium treatment at 12 months (p = 0.005). Improvement in swallowing capacity was observed in treated patients (p = 0.014). No serious adverse events were recorded in the patients receiving lithium. Conclusion: Lithium is a potential therapeutic option for NP-C1 patients. Larger randomized and double-blind clinical trials are needed to further support this finding. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03201627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Han
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengni Yi
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gustavo H B Maegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Genetics and Metabolism, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yunding Zou
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qijun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Departments of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dianqing Wu
- Departments of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Zhijia Ye
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Laboratory Animal Research Center, Chongqing University School of Medicine, Chongqing, China
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40
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Identification and Classification of Rare Variants in NPC1 and NPC2 in Quebec. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10344. [PMID: 33990640 PMCID: PMC8121778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a treatable autosomal recessive neurodegenerative condition which leads to a variety of progressive manifestations. Despite most cases being diagnosed at a young age, disease prevalence may be underestimated, especially in adults, and interpretation of NPC1 and NPC2 variants can be difficult. This study aims to identify potential pathogenic variants in a large cohort of healthy individuals and classify their risk of pathogenicity to assist with future interpretation of variants. The CARTaGENE (CaG) cohort was used to identify possible variants of NPC1 and NPC2. Nine-hundred and eleven RNA samples and 198 exome sequencing were screened for genetic variants through a bio-informatic pipeline performing alignment and variant calling. The identified variants were analyzed using annotations for allelic frequency, pathogenicity and conservation scores. The ACMG guidelines were used to classify the variants. These were then compared to existing databases and previous studies of NPC prevalence, including the Tübingen NPC database. Thirty-two distinct variants were identified after running the samples in the RNA-sequencing pipeline, two of which were classified as pathogenic and 21 of which were not published previously. Furthermore, 46 variants were both identified in our population and with the Tübingen database, the majority of which were of uncertain significance. Ten additional variants were found in our exome-sequencing sample. This study of a sample from a population living in Quebec demonstrates a variety of rare variants, some of which were already described in the literature as well as some novel variants. Classifying these variants is arduous given the scarcity of available literature, even so in a population of healthy individuals. Yet using this data, we were able to identify two pathogenic variants within our population and several new variants not previously identified.
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41
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Inherited Neuromuscular Disorders: Which Role for Serum Biomarkers? Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030398. [PMID: 33801069 PMCID: PMC8004068 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited neuromuscular disorders (INMD) are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases that involve muscles, motor neurons, peripheral nerves or the neuromuscular junction. Several different lab abnormalities have been linked to INMD: sometimes they are typical of the disorder, but they usually appear to be less specific. Sometimes serum biomarkers can point out abnormalities in presymtomatic or otherwise asymptomatic patients (e.g., carriers). More often a biomarker of INMD is evaluated by multiple clinicians other than expert in NMD before the diagnosis, because of the multisystemic involvement in INMD. The authors performed a literature search on biomarkers in inherited neuromuscular disorders to provide a practical approach to the diagnosis and the correct management of INMD. A considerable number of biomarkers have been reported that support the diagnosis of INMD, but the role of an expert clinician is crucial. Hence, the complete knowledge of such abnormalities can accelerate the diagnostic workup supporting the referral to specialists in neuromuscular disorders.
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42
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Afzal H, Khan NUH, Sultana K, Mobashar A, Lareb A, Khan A, Gull A, Afzaal H, Khan MT, Rizwan M, Imran M. Schiff Bases of Pioglitazone Provide Better Antidiabetic and Potent Antioxidant Effect in a Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rodent Model. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4470-4479. [PMID: 33623853 PMCID: PMC7893790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pioglitazone is a Food and Drug Administration-approved thiazolidinedione (TZD) derivative and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist and used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, this drug is still associated with many adverse effects. In the present study, four new Schiff bases of pioglitazone (P1-P4) were synthesized and characterized using FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. For preliminary screening, the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and in vitro alpha-amylase antidiabetic inhibitory assay were performed. Further, P3 was used to investigate in vivo antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were administered with an i.p dose of pioglitazone 10 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Moreover, biochemical parameters and antioxidants were quantified from liver and kidney tissues of rodents. In the DPPH assay, compound P3 showed superior antioxidant effects. Using the in vitro α-amylase inhibitory assay, P3 exhibited potent effects as compared to other groups, that is, 93% inhibition, while pioglitazone showed 81% inhibition. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants showed significant changes in P3 (10 mg/kg)-treated groups (p < 0.001). Similarly, compound P3 produced significant and better results in comparison to pioglitazone in the rodent model. This study confirmed potent antidiabetic and superior antioxidant potential of the newly synthesized Schiff base (P3), which could ultimately account for insulin sensitization and for cellular protection and hence provide a potential clue for dual therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiza
Rabia Afzal
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Najm ul Hassan Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kishwar Sultana
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Lareb
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Abrashim Gull
- Department
of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Defense Road Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Afzaal
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Khan
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science
and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center
for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University
of Swat, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Riphah
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah
International University, Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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43
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Do Q, Lee DD, Dinh AN, Seguin RP, Zhang R, Xu L. Development and Application of a Peroxyl Radical Clock Approach for Measuring Both Hydrogen-Atom Transfer and Peroxyl Radical Addition Rate Constants. J Org Chem 2020; 86:153-168. [PMID: 33269585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rate-determining step in free radical lipid peroxidation is the propagation of the peroxyl radical, where generally two types of reactions occur: (a) hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from a donor to the peroxyl radical; (b) peroxyl radical addition (PRA) to a "C═C" double bond. Peroxyl radical clocks have been used to determine the rate constants of HAT reactions (kH), but no radical clock is available to measure the rate constants of PRA reactions (kadd). In this work, we modified the analytical approach on the linoleate-based peroxyl radical clock to enable the simultaneous measurement of both kH and kadd. Compared to the original approach, this new approach involves the use of a strong reducing agent, LiAlH4, to completely reduce both HAT and PRA-derived products and the relative quantitation of total linoleate oxidation products with or without reduction. The new approach was then applied to measuring the kH and kadd values for several series of organic substrates, including para- and meta-substituted styrenes, substituted conjugated dienes, and cyclic alkenes. Furthermore, the kH and kadd values for a variety of biologically important lipids were determined for the first time, including conjugated fatty acids, sterols, coenzyme Q10, and lipophilic vitamins, such as vitamins D3 and A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Do
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David D Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew N Dinh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ryan P Seguin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rutan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Libin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Huizing M, Gahl WA. Inherited disorders of lysosomal membrane transporters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183336. [PMID: 32389669 PMCID: PMC7508925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders caused by defects in lysosomal membrane transporters form a distinct subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). To date, defects in only 10 lysosomal membrane transporters have been associated with inherited disorders. The clinical presentations of these diseases resemble the phenotypes of other LSDs; they are heterogeneous and often present in children with neurodegenerative manifestations. However, for pathomechanistic and therapeutic studies, lysosomal membrane transport defects should be distinguished from LSDs caused by defective hydrolytic enzymes. The involved proteins differ in function, localization, and lysosomal targeting, and the diseases themselves differ in their stored material and therapeutic approaches. We provide an overview of the small group of disorders of lysosomal membrane transporters, emphasizing discovery, pathomechanism, clinical features, diagnostic methods and therapeutic aspects. We discuss common aspects of lysosomal membrane transporter defects that can provide the basis for preclinical research into these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Huizing
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - William A Gahl
- Human Biochemical Genetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Sidhu R, Kell P, Dietzen DJ, Farhat NY, Do AND, Porter FD, Berry-Kravis E, Reunert J, Marquardt T, Giugliani R, Lourenço CM, Wang RY, Movsesyan N, Plummer E, Schaffer JE, Ory DS, Jiang X. Application of a glycinated bile acid biomarker for diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment in Niemann-pick disease type C1. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:405-417. [PMID: 33257258 PMCID: PMC8139135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a neurodegenerative disease in which mutation of NPC1 or NPC2 gene leads to lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and sphingolipids. Diagnosis of NPC disease is challenging due to non-specific early symptoms. Biomarker and genetic tests are used as first-line diagnostic tests for NPC. In this study, we developed a plasma test based on N-(3β,5α,6β-trihydroxy-cholan-24-oyl)glycine (TCG) that was markedly increased in the plasma of human NPC1 subjects. The test showed sensitivity of 0.9945 and specificity of 0.9982 to differentiate individuals with NPC1 from NPC1 carriers and controls. Compared to other commonly used biomarkers, cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (C-triol) and N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine (PPCS, also referred to as lysoSM-509), TCG was equally sensitive for identifying NPC1 but more specific. Unlike C-triol and PPCS, TCG showed excellent stability and no spurious generation of marker in the sample preparation or aging of samples. TCG was also elevated in lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LALD) and acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD). Plasma TCG was significantly reduced after intravenous (IV) 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) treatment. These results demonstrate that plasma TCG was superior to C-triol and PPCS as NPC1 diagnostic biomarker and was able to evaluate the peripheral treatment efficacy of IV HPβCD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Sidhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pamela Kell
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dennis J Dietzen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Y Farhat
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - An Ngoc Dang Do
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Forbes D Porter
- Section on Molecular Dysmorphology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Janine Reunert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin - Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thorsten Marquardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin - Allgemeine Pädiatrie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Department of Genetics, UFRGS, Medical Genetics Service, HCPA, BioDiscovery Laboratory, HCPA, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, National Institute of Population Medical Genetics - INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Charles M Lourenço
- Faculdade de Medicina - Centro Universitario Estácio de Ribeirão Preto, Rua Abrahão Issa Halach, 980 - Ribeirânia, Ribeirão Preto, - SP, Brazil
| | - Raymond Y Wang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, CHOC Children's Specialists, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California-Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Nina Movsesyan
- Research Institute, CHOC Children's Hospital, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Ellen Plummer
- Asante Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medford, OR, 97504, USA
| | - Jean E Schaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xuntian Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Biomarker analysis of Niemann-Pick disease type C using chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113622. [PMID: 32998104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder with progressive degradation of central nervous system. The age of the onset varies from perinatal to adulthood. Patients with NPC are affected in the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, and systemic organs. From these background, it is extremely difficult to discover NPC clinically and diagnose it correctly. The procedure of the conventional laboratory methods are complicated and it takes long time to obtain the result. Because of the importance of early treatments and the shortcomings of conventional diagnostic methods for NPC, remarkable attention has been paid to biomarkers and chemical diagnoses. In the last decade, many NPC biomarkers have been reported. They are classified as cholesterol-related metabolites, sphingolipid metabolites, and novel phospholipid metabolites, respectively. Therefore, these are all lipid metabolites. Various chemical analysis methods have been used for their identification. In addition, chromatography and mass spectrometry are mainly used for their quantification. This review article outlines NPC biomarkers reported in the last decade and their analytical methods.
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47
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Understanding and Treating Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: Models Matter. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238979. [PMID: 33256121 PMCID: PMC7730076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomedical research aims to understand the molecular mechanisms causing human diseases and to develop curative therapies. So far, these goals have been achieved for a small fraction of diseases, limiting factors being the availability, validity, and use of experimental models. Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) is a prime example for a disease that lacks a curative therapy despite substantial breakthroughs. This rare, fatal, and autosomal-recessive disorder is caused by defects in NPC1 or NPC2. These ubiquitously expressed proteins help cholesterol exit from the endosomal–lysosomal system. The dysfunction of either causes an aberrant accumulation of lipids with patients presenting a large range of disease onset, neurovisceral symptoms, and life span. Here, we note general aspects of experimental models, we describe the line-up used for NPC-related research and therapy development, and we provide an outlook on future topics.
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Mengel E, Bembi B, Del Toro M, Deodato F, Gautschi M, Grunewald S, Grønborg S, Héron B, Maier EM, Roubertie A, Santra S, Tylki-Szymanska A, Day S, Symonds T, Hudgens S, Patterson MC, Guldberg C, Ingemann L, Petersen NHT, Kirkegaard T, Í Dali C. Clinical disease progression and biomarkers in Niemann-Pick disease type C: a prospective cohort study. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:328. [PMID: 33228797 PMCID: PMC7684888 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Niemann–Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare, progressive, neurodegenerative disease associated with neurovisceral manifestations resulting from lysosomal dysfunction and aberrant lipid accumulation. A multicentre, prospective observational study (Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT02435030) of individuals with genetically confirmed NPC1 or NPC2 receiving routine clinical care was conducted, to prospectively characterize and measure NPC disease progression and to investigate potential NPC-related biomarkers versus healthy individuals. Progression was measured using the abbreviated 5-domain NPC Clinical Severity Scale (NPCCSS), 17-domain NPCCSS and NPC clinical database (NPC-cdb) score. Cholesterol esterification and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels were assessed from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), cholestane-3β,5α-,6β-triol (cholestane-triol) from serum, and unesterified cholesterol from both PBMCs and skin biopsy samples. The inter- and intra-rater reliability of the 5-domain NPCCSS was assessed by 13 expert clinicians’ rating of four participants via video recordings, repeated after ≥ 3 weeks. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Results Of the 36 individuals with NPC (2–18 years) enrolled, 31 (86.1%) completed the 6–14-month observation period; 30/36 (83.3%) were receiving miglustat as part of routine clinical care. A mean (± SD) increase in 5-domain NPCCSS scores of 1.4 (± 2.9) was observed, corresponding to an annualized progression rate of 1.5. On the 17-domain NPCCSS, a mean (± SD) progression of 2.7 (± 4.0) was reported. Compared with healthy individuals, the NPC population had significantly lower levels of cholesterol esterification (p < 0.0001), HSP70 (p < 0.0001) and skin unesterified cholesterol (p = 0.0006). Cholestane-triol levels were significantly higher in individuals with NPC versus healthy individuals (p = 0.008) and correlated with the 5-domain NPCCSS (Spearman’s correlation coefficient = 0.265, p = 0.0411). The 5-domain NPCCSS showed high ICC agreement in inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.995) and intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.937). Conclusions Progression rates observed were consistent with other reports on disease progression in NPC. The 5-domain NPCCSS reliability study supports its use as an abbreviated alternative to the 17-domain NPCCSS that focuses on the most relevant domains of the disease. The data support the use of cholestane-triol as a disease monitoring biomarker and the novel methods of measuring unesterified cholesterol could be applicable to support NPC diagnosis. Levels of HSP70 in individuals with NPC were significantly decreased compared with healthy individuals. Trial registration CT-ORZY-NPC-001: ClincalTrials.gov NCT02435030, Registered 6 May 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02435030; EudraCT 2014–005,194-37, Registered 28 April 2015, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2014-005194-37/DE. OR-REL-NPC-01: Unregistered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Mengel
- SphinCS GmbH, Institute of Clinical Science for LSD, Hochheim, Germany.
| | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital Santa Maria Della Misericordia, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Metabolic Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Institute for Child Health, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre UCL, London, UK
| | - Sabine Grønborg
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bénédicte Héron
- Reference Centre for Lysosomal Disease, Trousseau University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Esther M Maier
- Dr. Von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Agathe Roubertie
- Institute of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Simon Day
- Clinical Trials Consulting & Training Limited, Buckingham, UK
| | - Tara Symonds
- Clinical Outcomes Solutions Limited, Folkestone, UK
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Jürs AV, Völkner C, Liedtke M, Huth K, Lukas J, Hermann A, Frech MJ. Oxidative Stress and Alterations in the Antioxidative Defense System in Neuronal Cells Derived from NPC1 Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207667. [PMID: 33081384 PMCID: PMC7593914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) represents a state of an imbalanced amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or a hampered efficacy of the antioxidative defense system. Cells of the central nervous system are particularly sensitive to OS, as they have a massive need of oxygen to maintain proper function. Consequently, OS represents a common pathophysiological hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases and is discussed to contribute to the neurodegeneration observed amongst others in Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. In this context, accumulating evidence suggests that OS is involved in the pathophysiology of Niemann-Pick type C1 disease (NPC1). NPC1, a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disease, belongs to the family of lysosomal storage disorders. A major hallmark of the disease is the accumulation of cholesterol and other glycosphingolipids in lysosomes. Several studies describe OS both in murine in vivo and in vitro NPC1 models. However, studies based on human cells are limited to NPC1 patient-derived fibroblasts. Thus, we analyzed OS in a human neuronal model based on NPC1 patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Higher ROS levels, as determined by DCF (dichlorodihydrofluorescein) fluorescence, indicated oxidative stress in all NPC1-deficient cell lines. This finding was further supported by reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The analysis of mRNA and protein levels of SOD1 and SOD2 did not reveal any difference between control cells and NPC1-deficient cells. Interestingly, we observed a striking decrease in catalase mRNA and protein levels in all NPC1-deficient cell lines. As catalase is a key enzyme of the cellular antioxidative defense system, we concluded that the lack of catalase contributes to the elevated ROS levels observed in NPC1-deficient cells. Thus, a restitution of a physiological catalase level may pose an intervention strategy to rescue NPC1-deficient cells from the repercussions of oxidative stress contributing to the neurodegeneration observed in NPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V. Jürs
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (A.V.J.); (C.V.); (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Christin Völkner
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (A.V.J.); (C.V.); (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Maik Liedtke
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (A.V.J.); (C.V.); (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Katharina Huth
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (A.V.J.); (C.V.); (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Jan Lukas
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (A.V.J.); (C.V.); (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.L.); (A.H.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (A.V.J.); (C.V.); (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.L.); (A.H.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Frech
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section Albrecht Kossel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany; (A.V.J.); (C.V.); (M.L.); (K.H.); (J.L.); (A.H.)
- Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Wang X, Li Y, Xia X, Zhang M, Ge C, Xia X, Xiao H, Xu S. Mutagenicity of 7-ketocholesterol in CHO cells: The role of lipid peroxidation. Toxicology 2020; 446:152587. [PMID: 33017620 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As an important cholesterol oxide, 7-ketocholesterol plays a deleterious role in the occurrence of cancer. Although the fact had been proved that 7-ketocholesterol could induce several biological phenomena, including apoptosis, DNA damage, et al., this issue whether 7-ketocholesterol led to mutagenesis in mammalian cells remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the major role of lipid peroxidation in the genotoxic response to 7-ketocholesterol in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The results showed that 7-ketocholesterol induced gene mutation and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in concentration- and time-dependent manner. After CHO cells were treated with 25 μM 7-ketocholesterol for 48 h, the mutation frequency at hprt gene loci and the level of γ-H2AX protein were both significantly increased. Exposure to 7-ketocholesterol resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the apoptotic rate and the protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and -7 in CHO cells. Moreover, a significant increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also observed. Using a inhibitor of lipid peroxidation (butylated hydroxytoluene), it was found to remarkably inhibit the genotoxicity and MDA levels caused by 7-ketocholesterol. These findings indicated that lipid peroxidation was involved in the mutagenic process of 7-ketocholesterol in CHO cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Wang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Yintao Li
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, PR China
| | - Xuanyi Xia
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Chunmei Ge
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xia
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Hourong Xiao
- School of Biology, Food and Environment, Hefei University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
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