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Wu X, Swanson K, Yildirim Z, Liu W, Liao R, Wu JC. Clinical trials in-a-dish for cardiovascular medicine. Eur Heart J 2024:ehae519. [PMID: 39270727 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases persist as a global health challenge that requires methodological innovation for effective drug development. Conventional pipelines relying on animal models suffer from high failure rates due to significant interspecies variation between humans and animal models. In response, the recently enacted Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act 2.0 encourages alternative approaches including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Human iPSCs provide a patient-specific, precise, and screenable platform for drug testing, paving the way for cardiovascular precision medicine. This review discusses milestones in iPSC differentiation and their applications from disease modelling to drug discovery in cardiovascular medicine. It then explores challenges and emerging opportunities for the implementation of 'clinical trials in-a-dish'. Concluding, this review proposes a framework for future clinical trial design with strategic incorporations of iPSC technology, microphysiological systems, clinical pan-omics, and artificial intelligence to improve success rates and advance cardiovascular healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekun Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kyle Swanson
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Greenstone Biosciences, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zehra Yildirim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenqiang Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ronglih Liao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Hattori H, Osumi K, Tanaka M, Arai T, Nishimura K, Yamamoto N, Sakamoto K, Goto Y, Sugawara Y. Discovery of 5-phenyl-3-ureidothiophene-2-carboxamides as protective agents for ALS patient iPSC-derived motor neurons. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 113:129935. [PMID: 39236792 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
We discovered novel neuroprotective compounds by phenotypic screening using SOD1-mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons. Mechanistic analysis showed that the protective effect of initial hit compound 1 was likely due to the inhibition of MAP4Ks, including MAP4K4, a member of the MAP4K kinase family. Structural transformation led to compound 15f, which showed improved MAP4K4 inhibitory activity and superior neuroprotective effects compared to 1 in motor neurons. The results suggest that structural optimization based on MAP4K4 inhibitory activity might improve the neuroprotective effect of this series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Hattori
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Osumi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Masamichi Tanaka
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Arai
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishimura
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Naoyoshi Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Sakamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Goto
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yuji Sugawara
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., 6-10-1 Tebiro, Kamakura, Kanagawa 248-8555, Japan
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Mazzini L, De Marchi F, Buzanska L, Follenzi A, Glover JC, Gelati M, Lombardi I, Maioli M, Mesa-Herrera F, Mitrečić D, Olgasi C, Pivoriūnas A, Sanchez-Pernaute R, Sgromo C, Zychowicz M, Vescovi A, Ferrari D. Current status and new avenues of stem cell-based preclinical and therapeutic approaches in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024; 24:933-954. [PMID: 39162129 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2392307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell therapy development represents a critical challenge in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research. Despite more than 20 years of basic and clinical research, no definitive safety and efficacy results of cell-based therapies for ALS have been published. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes advances using stem cells (SCs) in pre-clinical studies to promote clinical translation and in clinical trials to treat ALS. New technologies have been developed and new experimental in vitro and animal models are now available to facilitate pre-clinical research in this field and to determine the most promising approaches to pursue in patients. New clinical trial designs aimed at developing personalized SC-based treatment with biological endpoints are being defined. EXPERT OPINION Knowledge of the basic biology of ALS and on the use of SCs to study and potentially treat ALS continues to grow. However, a consensus has yet to emerge on how best to translate these results into therapeutic applications. The selection and follow-up of patients should be based on clinical, biological, and molecular criteria. Planning of SC-based clinical trials should be coordinated with patient profiling genetically and molecularly to achieve personalized treatment. Much work within basic and clinical research is still needed to successfully transition SC therapy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Leonora Buzanska
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Dipartimento Attività Integrate Ricerca Innovazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e C. Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Joel Clinton Glover
- Norwegian Center for Stem Cell Research, Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Oslo University Hospital; Laboratory of Neural Development and Optical Recording (NDEVOR), Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- Unità Produttiva per Terapie Avanzate (UPTA), IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Ivan Lombardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Center for Developmental Biology and Reprogramming-CEDEBIOR, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Fatima Mesa-Herrera
- Reprogramming and Neural Regeneration Lab, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Dinko Mitrečić
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research and Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cristina Olgasi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Augustas Pivoriūnas
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rosario Sanchez-Pernaute
- Reprogramming and Neural Regeneration Lab, BioBizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
- Ikerbaske, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Chiara Sgromo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Marzena Zychowicz
- Department of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelo Vescovi
- Unità Produttiva per Terapie Avanzate (UPTA), IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Munezane H, Imamura K, Fujimoto N, Hotta A, Yukitake H, Inoue H. Elimination of the extra chromosome of Dup15q syndrome iPSCs for cellular and molecular investigation. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151446. [PMID: 39059105 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 15q11.2-13.1 duplication (Dup15q) syndrome is one of the most common autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) associated with copy number variants (CNVs). For the analysis of CNV-relevant pathological cellular phenotypes, a CNV-corrected isogenic cell line is useful for excluding the influence of genetic background. Here, we devised a strategy to remove the isodicentric chromosome 15 by inserting a puro-ΔTK selection cassette into the extra chromosome using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, followed by a subsequent two-step drug selection. A series of assays, including qPCR-based copy number analysis and karyotype analysis, confirmed the elimination of the extra chromosome. Furthermore, cerebral organoids were generated from the parental Dup15q iPSCs and their isogenic iPSCs. scRNA-seq analysis revealed the alteration of expression levels in ion-channel-related genes and synapse-related genes in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in Dup15q organoids, respectively. The established isogenic cell line is a valuable resource for unraveling cellular and molecular alterations associated with Dup15q syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Munezane
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 1-7 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan; Medical-Risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Naoko Fujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akitsu Hotta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukitake
- Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; Global Advanced Platform, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Takeda-CiRA (T-CiRA) Joint Program, 2-26-1, Muraoka-Higashi, Fujisawa 251-8555, Japan; iPSC-based Drug discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 1-7 Hikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0237, Japan; Medical-Risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Nakamura M, Chonabayashi K, Narita M, Matsumura Y, Nishikawa M, Ochi Y, Nannya Y, Hishizawa M, Inoue D, Delwel R, Ogawa S, Takaori-Kondo A, Yoshida Y. Modelling and drug targeting of a myeloid neoplasm with atypical 3q26/MECOM rearrangement using patient-specific iPSCs. Br J Haematol 2024. [PMID: 39187468 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Structural variations involving enhancer hijacking induce aberrant oncogene expression and cause tumorigenesis. A rare translocation, t(3;8)(q26.2;q24), is associated with MECOM and MYC rearrangement, causing myeloid neoplasms with a dismal prognosis. The most recent World Health Organization classification recognises myeloid neoplasms with MECOM rearrangement as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with defining genetic abnormalities. Recently, the increasing use of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has helped elucidate the pathogenic processes of haematological malignancies. However, its utility for investigating enhancer hijacking in myeloid neoplasms remains unclear. In this study, we generated iPSC lines from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) harbouring t(3;8)(q26.2;q24) and differentiated them into haematopoietic progenitor cells to model the pathophysiology of MDS with t(3;8)(q26.2;q24). Our iPSC model reproduced the primary patient's MECOM expression changes and histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) patterns in the MECOM promoter and MYC blood enhancer cluster (BENC). Furthermore, we revealed the apoptotic effects of the bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitor on iPSC-derived MDS cells by suppressing activated MECOM. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of iPSC models for uncovering the precise mechanism of enhancer hijacking due to chromosomal structural changes and discovering potential therapeutic drug candidates for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Nakamura
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Chonabayashi
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Megumi Narita
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Matsumura
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misato Nishikawa
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yotaro Ochi
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Nannya
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Division of Hematopoietic Disease Control, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Hishizawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Kyoto-Katsura Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Inoue
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yoshida
- Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ogawa T, Yamada S, Fukushi S, Imai Y, Kawada J, Ikeda K, Ohka S, Kaneda S. Formation and Long-Term Culture of hiPSC-Derived Sensory Nerve Organoids Using Microfluidic Devices. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:794. [PMID: 39199753 PMCID: PMC11352057 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Although methods for generating human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motor nerve organoids are well established, those for sensory nerve organoids are not. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of generating sensory nerve organoids composed of hiPSC-derived sensory neurons using a microfluidic approach. Notably, sensory neuronal axons from neurospheres containing 100,000 cells were unidirectionally elongated to form sensory nerve organoids over 6 mm long axon bundles within 14 days using I-shaped microchannels in microfluidic devices composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips and glass substrates. Additionally, the organoids were successfully cultured for more than 60 days by exchanging the culture medium. The percentage of nuclei located in the distal part of the axon bundles (the region 3-6 mm from the entrance of the microchannel) compared to the total number of cells in the neurosphere was 0.005% for live cells and 0.008% for dead cells. Molecular characterization confirmed the presence of the sensory neuron marker ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1) and the capsaicin receptor transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Moreover, capsaicin stimulation activated TRPV1 in organoids, as evidenced by significant calcium ion influx. Conclusively, this study demonstrated the feasibility of long-term organoid culture and the potential applications of sensory nerve organoids in bioengineered nociceptive sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Ogawa
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan
| | - Souichi Yamada
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yuya Imai
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan
| | - Jiro Kawada
- Jiksak Bioengineering, Inc., 3-25-16 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan (S.O.)
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi-cho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Seii Ohka
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan (S.O.)
| | - Shohei Kaneda
- Mechanical Engineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 1-24-2 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163-8677, Japan
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Van Lent J, Prior R, Pérez Siles G, Cutrupi AN, Kennerson ML, Vangansewinkel T, Wolfs E, Mukherjee-Clavin B, Nevin Z, Judge L, Conklin B, Tyynismaa H, Clark AJ, Bennett DL, Van Den Bosch L, Saporta M, Timmerman V. Advances and challenges in modeling inherited peripheral neuropathies using iPSCs. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1348-1364. [PMID: 38825644 PMCID: PMC11263568 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01250-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) are a group of diseases associated with mutations in various genes with fundamental roles in the development and function of peripheral nerves. Over the past 10 years, significant advances in identifying molecular disease mechanisms underlying axonal and myelin degeneration, acquired from cellular biology studies and transgenic fly and rodent models, have facilitated the development of promising treatment strategies. However, no clinical treatment has emerged to date. This lack of treatment highlights the urgent need for more biologically and clinically relevant models recapitulating IPNs. For both neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a particularly powerful platform for disease modeling and preclinical studies. In this review, we provide an update on different in vitro human cellular IPN models, including traditional two-dimensional monoculture iPSC derivatives, and recent advances in more complex human iPSC-based systems using microfluidic chips, organoids, and assembloids.
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Grants
- Wellcome Trust
- R01 NS119678 NINDS NIH HHS
- U01 ES032673 NIEHS NIH HHS
- DOC-PRO4 Universiteit Antwerpen (University of Antwerp)
- This work was supported in part by the University of Antwerp (DOC-PRO4 PhD fellowship to J.V.L. and TOP-BOF research grant no. 38694 to V.T.), the Association Française contre les Myopathies (AFM research grant no. 24063 to V.T.), Association Belge contre les Maladies Neuromusculaires (ABMM research grant no. 1 to J.V.L and V.T), the interuniversity research fund (iBOF project to. L.V.D.B, E.W. and V.T.). V.T. is part of the μNEURO Research Centre of Excellence of the University of Antwerp and is an active member of the European Network for Stem Cell Core Facilities (CorEUStem, COST Action CA20140). Work in the M.L.K group was supported by the NHMRC Ideas Grant (APP1186867), CMT Australia Grant awarded to M.L.K and G.P.-S and the Australian Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF) Genomics Health Futures Mission Grant 2007681. B.M.C. is supported by the American Academy of Neurology and the Passano Foundation. L.M.J. and B.R.C. are supported by the Charcot-Marie-Tooth Association, NINDS R01 NS119678, NIEHS U01 ES032673. H.T. is supported by Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Stem Cell Metabolism and Sigrid Juselius Foundation. Work in the D.L.B. group is supported by a Wellcome Investigator Grant (223149/Z/21/Z), the MRC (MR/T020113/1), and with funding from the MRC and Versus Arthritis to the PAINSTORM consortium as part of the Advanced Pain Discovery Platform (MR/W002388/1).
- Australian Medical Association (Australian Medical Association Limited)
- Universiteit Hasselt (UHasselt)
- American Academy of Neurology (AAN)
- Gladstone Institutes (J. David Gladstone Institutes)
- Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia)
- Academy of Medical Royal Colleges (AoMRC)
- Wellcome Trust (Wellcome)
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust (Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Trust)
- KU Leuven (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven)
- Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (Flanders Institute for Biotechnology)
- Miami University | Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine (Miller School of Medicine)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van Lent
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), BIOS+, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Robert Prior
- Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Pérez Siles
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony N Cutrupi
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina L Kennerson
- Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute Sydney Local Health District and Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, BIOMED, Laboratory for Functional Imaging and Research on Stem Cells (FIERCE Lab), Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- UHasselt - Hasselt University, BIOMED, Laboratory for Functional Imaging and Research on Stem Cells (FIERCE Lab), Agoralaan, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luke Judge
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alex J Clark
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - David L Bennett
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- VIB-Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology, and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mario Saporta
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born Bunge, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Tsekrekou M, Giannakou M, Papanikolopoulou K, Skretas G. Protein aggregation and therapeutic strategies in SOD1- and TDP-43- linked ALS. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1383453. [PMID: 38855322 PMCID: PMC11157337 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1383453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with severe socio-economic impact. A hallmark of ALS pathology is the presence of aberrant cytoplasmic inclusions composed of misfolded and aggregated proteins, including both wild-type and mutant forms. This review highlights the critical role of misfolded protein species in ALS pathogenesis, particularly focusing on Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), and emphasizes the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies targeting these misfolded proteins directly. Despite significant advancements in understanding ALS mechanisms, the disease remains incurable, with current treatments offering limited clinical benefits. Through a comprehensive analysis, the review focuses on the direct modulation of the misfolded proteins and presents recent discoveries in small molecules and peptides that inhibit SOD1 and TDP-43 aggregation, underscoring their potential as effective treatments to modify disease progression and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsekrekou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Giannakou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
- ResQ Biotech, Patras Science Park, Rio, Greece
| | - Georgios Skretas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
- ResQ Biotech, Patras Science Park, Rio, Greece
- Institute for Bio-innovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Vari, Greece
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9
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Kanda T, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Terai S. Liver Diseases: From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5454. [PMID: 38791491 PMCID: PMC11121884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The human genome encodes at least 500 protein kinases, and among them, there are at least 90 tyrosine kinases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minamiuonuma 949-7302, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (R.S.-T.); (S.T.)
| | - Reina Sasaki-Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (R.S.-T.); (S.T.)
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8520, Japan; (R.S.-T.); (S.T.)
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10
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Evans LJ, O'Brien D, Shaw PJ. Current neuroprotective therapies and future prospects for motor neuron disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:327-384. [PMID: 38802178 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Four medications with neuroprotective disease-modifying effects are now in use for motor neuron disease (MND). With FDA approvals for tofersen, relyvrio and edaravone in just the past year, 2022 ended a quarter of a century when riluzole was the sole such drug to offer to patients. The acceleration of approvals may mean we are witnessing the beginning of a step-change in how MND can be treated. Improvements in understanding underlying disease biology has led to more therapies being developed to target specific and multiple disease mechanisms. Consideration for how the pipeline of new therapeutic agents coming through in clinical and preclinical development can be more effectively evaluated with biomarkers, advances in patient stratification and clinical trial design pave the way for more successful translation for this archetypal complex neurodegenerative disease. While it must be cautioned that only slowed rates of progression have so far been demonstrated, pre-empting rapid neurodegeneration by using neurofilament biomarkers to signal when to treat, as is currently being trialled with tofersen, may be more effective for patients with known genetic predisposition to MND. Early intervention with personalized medicines could mean that for some patients at least, in future we may be able to substantially treat what is considered by many to be one of the most distressing diseases in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Evans
- The Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - David O'Brien
- The Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- The Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the NIHR Sheffield Biomedical Research Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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11
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Cao Z, Kong F, Ding J, Chen C, He F, Deng W. Promoting Alzheimer's disease research and therapy with stem cell technology. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:136. [PMID: 38715083 PMCID: PMC11077895 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent form of dementia leading to memory loss, reduced cognitive and linguistic abilities, and decreased self-care. Current AD treatments aim to relieve symptoms and slow disease progression, but a cure is elusive due to limited understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms. MAIN CONTENT Stem cell technology has the potential to revolutionize AD research. With the ability to self-renew and differentiate into various cell types, stem cells are valuable tools for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy. Recent advances have broadened our understanding beyond the deposition of amyloidβ (Aβ) or tau proteins in AD to encompass risk genes, immune system disorders, and neuron-glia mis-communication, relying heavily on stem cell-derived disease models. These stem cell-based models (e.g., organoids and microfluidic chips) simulate in vivo pathological processes with extraordinary spatial and temporal resolution. Stem cell technologies have the potential to alleviate AD pathology through various pathways, including immunomodulation, replacement of damaged neurons, and neurotrophic support. In recent years, transplantation of glial cells like oligodendrocytes and the infusion of exosomes have become hot research topics. CONCLUSION Although stem cell-based models and therapies for AD face several challenges, such as extended culture time and low differentiation efficiency, they still show considerable potential for AD treatment and are likely to become preferred tools for AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Fanshu Kong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiaqi Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
| | - Fumei He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.
| | - Wenbin Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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12
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Ryoo H, Kimmel H, Rondo E, Underhill GH. Advances in high throughput cell culture technologies for therapeutic screening and biological discovery applications. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10627. [PMID: 38818120 PMCID: PMC11135158 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular phenotypes and functional responses are modulated by the signals present in their microenvironment, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, tissue mechanical properties, soluble signals and nutrients, and cell-cell interactions. To better recapitulate and analyze these complex signals within the framework of more physiologically relevant culture models, high throughput culture platforms can be transformative. High throughput methodologies enable scientists to extract increasingly robust and broad datasets from individual experiments, screen large numbers of conditions for potential hits, better qualify and predict responses for preclinical applications, and reduce reliance on animal studies. High throughput cell culture systems require uniformity, assay miniaturization, specific target identification, and process simplification. In this review, we detail the various techniques that researchers have used to face these challenges and explore cellular responses in a high throughput manner. We highlight several common approaches including two-dimensional multiwell microplates, microarrays, and microfluidic cell culture systems as well as unencapsulated and encapsulated three-dimensional high throughput cell culture systems, featuring multiwell microplates, micromolds, microwells, microarrays, granular hydrogels, and cell-encapsulated microgels. We also discuss current applications of these high throughput technologies, namely stem cell sourcing, drug discovery and predictive toxicology, and personalized medicine, along with emerging opportunities and future impact areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ryoo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Hannah Kimmel
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Evi Rondo
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Gregory H. Underhill
- Bioengineering DepartmentUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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13
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De Cock L, Bercier V, Van Den Bosch L. New developments in pre-clinical models of ALS to guide translation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:477-524. [PMID: 38802181 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which selective death of motor neurons leads to muscle weakness and paralysis. Most research has focused on understanding and treating monogenic familial forms, most frequently caused by mutations in SOD1, FUS, TARDBP and C9orf72, although ALS is mostly sporadic and without a clear genetic cause. Rodent models have been developed to study monogenic ALS, but despite numerous pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, few disease-modifying therapies are available. ALS is a heterogeneous disease with complex underlying mechanisms where several genes and molecular pathways appear to play a role. One reason for the high failure rate of clinical translation from the current models could be oversimplification in pre-clinical studies. Here, we review advances in pre-clinical models to better capture the heterogeneous nature of ALS and discuss the value of novel model systems to guide translation and aid in the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenja De Cock
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Louvain-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Bercier
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Louvain-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludo Van Den Bosch
- Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Louvain-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Potenza RL, Armida M, Popoli P. Can Some Anticancer Drugs Be Repurposed to Treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? A Brief Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1751. [PMID: 38339026 PMCID: PMC10855887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare progressive motor neuron disease that, due to its high complexity, still lacks effective treatments. Development of a new drug is a highly costly and time-consuming process, and the repositioning of approved drugs can represent an efficient strategy to provide therapeutic opportunities. This is particularly true for rare diseases, which are characterised by small patient populations and therefore attract little commercial interest. Based on the overlap between the biological background of cancer and neurodegeneration, the repurposing of antineoplastic drugs for ALS has been suggested. The objective of this narrative review was to summarise the current experimental evidence on the use of approved anticancer drugs in ALS. Specifically, anticancer drugs belonging to different classes were found to act on mechanisms involved in the ALS pathogenesis, and some of them proved to exert beneficial effects in ALS models. However, additional studies are necessary to confirm the real therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs for repositioning in ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Luisa Potenza
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (P.P.)
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15
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Ouchi K, Isono K, Ohya Y, Shiraki N, Tasaki M, Inomata Y, Ueda M, Era T, Kume S, Ando Y, Jono H. Characterization of heterozygous ATTR Tyr114Cys amyloidosis-specific induced pluripotent stem cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24590. [PMID: 38312695 PMCID: PMC10835262 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hereditary transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis (ATTRv amyloidosis) is autosomal dominant and caused by mutation of TTR gene. Heterozygous ATTR Tyr114Cys (p.Tyr134Cys) amyloidosis is a lethal disease with a life expectancy of about 10 years after onset of the disease. However, the molecular pathogenesis of ATTR Tyr114Cys amyloidosis is still largely unknown. In this study, we took advantage of disease-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and generated & characterized the heterozygous ATTR Tyr114Cys amyloidosis-specific iPS cells (Y114C iPS cells), to determine whether Y114C iPS cells could be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of ATTR Tyr114Cys amyloidosis. We successfully differentiated heterozygous Y114C iPS cells into hepatocyte like cells (HLCs) mainly producing TTR protein. On day 27 after differentiation, the expression of hepatocyte maker albumin was detected, and TTR expression was significantly increased in HLCs differentiated from Y114C iPS cells. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that both WT TTR & ATTR Y114C protein were indeed expressed in the HLCs differentiated from Y114C iPS cells. Notably, the number of detected peptides derived from ATTR Y114C protein was lower than that of WT TTR protein, indeed indicating the clinical phenotype of ATTR Tyr114Cys amyloidosis. Taken together, we first reported the heterozygous Y114C iPS cells generated from patient with ATTR Tyr114Cys amyloidosis, and suggested that Y114C iPS cells could be a potential pathological tool, which may contribute to elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of heterozygous ATTR Tyr114Cys amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ouchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kaori Isono
- Department of Transplantation and Paediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohya
- Department of Transplantation and Paediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto Rosai Hospital, 1670 Takehara-cho, Yatsushiro City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 866-0826, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Shiraki
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tasaki
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Inomata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto Rosai Hospital, 1670 Takehara-cho, Yatsushiro City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 866-0826, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takumi Era
- Department of Cell Modulation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shoen Kume
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori Ward, Yokohama City, Kanagawa Prefecture, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yukio Ando
- Department of Amyloidosis Research, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch Cho, Sasebo City, Nagasaki Prefecture, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo Ward, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto Prefecture, 860-8556, Japan
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16
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Ohta A, Kawai S, Pretemer Y, Nishio M, Nagata S, Fuse H, Yamagishi Y, Toguchida J. Automated cell culture system for the production of cell aggregates with growth plate-like structure from induced pluripotent stem cells. SLAS Technol 2023; 28:433-441. [PMID: 37562511 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Programmable liquid handling devices for cell culture systems have dramatically enhanced scalability and reproducibility. We previously reported a protocol to produce cell aggregates demonstrating growth plate-like structures containing hypertrophic chondrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). To apply this protocol to large-scale drug screening for growth plate-related diseases, we adapted it to the automated cell culture system (ACCS) consisting of programmable liquid handling devices connected to CO2 incubators, a refrigerator, and labware feeders, designed for up to 4 batches with several cell culture plates culturing for several months. We developed a new program preparing culture media with growth factors at final concentration immediately before dispensing them to each well and precisely positioning the tip for the medium change without damaging cell aggregates. Using these programs on the ACCS, we successfully cultured cell aggregates for 56 days, only needing to replenish the labware, medium, and growth factors twice a week. The size of cell aggregates in each well increased over time, with low well-to-well variability. Cell aggregates on day 56 showed histochemical, immunohistochemical, and gene expression properties of growth plate-like structures containing hypertrophic chondrocytes, indicating proper quality as materials for basic research and drug discovery of growth plate related diseases. The established program will be a suitable reference for making programs of experiments requiring long term and complex culture procedures using ACCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ohta
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Kawai
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yann Pretemer
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumi Nishio
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Sanae Nagata
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Fuse
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yamagishi
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Toguchida
- Department of Fundamental Cell Technology, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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17
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Okano H, Morimoto S, Kato C, Nakahara J, Takahashi S. Induced pluripotent stem cells-based disease modeling, drug screening, clinical trials, and reverse translational research for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurochem 2023; 167:603-614. [PMID: 37952981 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been more than 10 years since the hopes for disease modeling and drug discovery using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology boomed. Recently, clinical trials have been conducted with drugs identified using this technology, and some promising results have been reported. For amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a devastating neurodegenerative disease, several groups have identified candidate drugs, ezogabine (retigabine), bosutinib, and ropinirole, using iPSCs-based drug discovery, and clinical trials using these drugs have been conducted, yielding interesting results. In our previous study, an iPSCs-based drug repurposing approach was utilized to show the potential of ropinirole hydrochloride (ROPI) in reducing ALS-specific pathological phenotypes. Recently, a phase 1/2a trial was conducted to investigate the effects of ropinirole on ALS further. This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study confirmed the safety and tolerability of and provided evidence of its ability to delay disease progression and prolong the time to respiratory failure in ALS patients. Furthermore, in the reverse translational research, in vitro characterization of patient-derived iPSCs-motor neurons (MNs) mimicked the therapeutic effects of ROPI in vivo, suggesting the potential application of this technology to the precision medicine of ALS. Interestingly, RNA-seq data showed that ROPI treatment suppressed the sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2-dependent cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, this pathway may be involved in the therapeutic effect of ROPI on ALS. The possibility that this pathway may be involved in the therapeutic effect of ALS was demonstrated. Finally, new future strategies for ALS using iPSCs technology will be discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chris Kato
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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18
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Martinez A, Lamaizon CM, Valls C, Llambi F, Leal N, Fitzgerald P, Guy C, Kamiński MM, Inestrosa NC, van Zundert B, Cancino GI, Dulcey AE, Zanlungo S, Marugan JJ, Hetz C, Green DR, Alvarez AR. c-Abl Phosphorylates MFN2 to Regulate Mitochondrial Morphology in Cells under Endoplasmic Reticulum and Oxidative Stress, Impacting Cell Survival and Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2007. [PMID: 38001860 PMCID: PMC10669615 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a subcellular organelle key in the control of synthesis, folding, and sorting of proteins. Under endoplasmic reticulum stress, an adaptative unfolded protein response is activated; however, if this activation is prolonged, cells can undergo cell death, in part due to oxidative stress and mitochondrial fragmentation. Here, we report that endoplasmic reticulum stress activates c-Abl tyrosine kinase, inducing its translocation to mitochondria. We found that endoplasmic reticulum stress-activated c-Abl interacts with and phosphorylates the mitochondrial fusion protein MFN2, resulting in mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. Moreover, the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of c-Abl prevents MFN2 phosphorylation, mitochondrial fragmentation, and apoptosis in cells under endoplasmic reticulum stress. Finally, in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mouse model, where endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress has been linked to neuronal cell death, we demonstrated that the administration of c-Abl inhibitor neurotinib delays the onset of symptoms. Our results uncovered a function of c-Abl in the crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dynamics via MFN2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Martinez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cristian M. Lamaizon
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cristian Valls
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Fabien Llambi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nancy Leal
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Patrick Fitzgerald
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Cliff Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marcin M. Kamiński
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Center of Excellence in Biomedicine of Magallanes (CEBIMA), University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210427, Chile
| | - Brigitte van Zundert
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (UMMS), Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Gonzalo I. Cancino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Andrés E. Dulcey
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- Early Translation Branch, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), NIH, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
- The Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Douglas R. Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Alejandra R. Alvarez
- Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Basal Center for Aging and Regeneration, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CARE UC), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
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19
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Gazzola M, Martinat C. Unlocking the Complexity of Neuromuscular Diseases: Insights from Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuromuscular Junctions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15291. [PMID: 37894969 PMCID: PMC10607237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, the use of pluripotent stem cells to mimic the complexities of the human neuromuscular junction has received much attention. Deciphering the key mechanisms underlying the establishment and maturation of this complex synapse has been driven by the dual goals of addressing developmental questions and gaining insight into neuromuscular disorders. This review aims to summarise the evolution and sophistication of in vitro neuromuscular junction models developed from the first differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into motor neurons to recent neuromuscular organoids. We also discuss the potential offered by these models to decipher different neuromuscular diseases characterised by defects in the presynaptic compartment, the neuromuscular junction, and the postsynaptic compartment. Finally, we discuss the emerging field that considers the use of these techniques in drug screening assay and the challenges they will face in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Gazzola
- INSERM U861, Institute for Stem Cell Therapy and Exploration of Monogenic Diseases, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France;
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20
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Schiavi A, Cirotti C, Gerber LS, Di Lauro G, Maglioni S, Shibao PYT, Montresor S, Kirstein J, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Schins RPF, Wahle T, Barilà D, Ventura N. Abl depletion via autophagy mediates the beneficial effects of quercetin against Alzheimer pathology across species. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:376. [PMID: 37838776 PMCID: PMC10576830 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01592-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common age-associated neurodegenerative disorder and the most frequent form of dementia in our society. Aging is a complex biological process concurrently shaped by genetic, dietary and environmental factors and natural compounds are emerging for their beneficial effects against age-related disorders. Besides their antioxidant activity often described in simple model organisms, the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of different dietary compounds remain however largely unknown. In the present study, we exploit the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a widely established model for aging studies, to test the effects of different natural compounds in vivo and focused on mechanistic aspects of one of them, quercetin, using complementary systems and assays. We show that quercetin has evolutionarily conserved beneficial effects against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology: it prevents Amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced detrimental effects in different C. elegans AD models and it reduces Aβ-secretion in mammalian cells. Mechanistically, we found that the beneficial effects of quercetin are mediated by autophagy-dependent reduced expression of Abl tyrosine kinase. In turn, autophagy is required upon Abl suppression to mediate quercetin's protective effects against Aβ toxicity. Our data support the power of C. elegans as an in vivo model to investigate therapeutic options for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Schiavi
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Cirotti
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Lora-Sophie Gerber
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Di Lauro
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silvia Maglioni
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Priscila Yumi Tanaka Shibao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Janine Kirstein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Leibniz Institute on Aging, Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel P F Schins
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tina Wahle
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Barilà
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Natascia Ventura
- Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Motaln H, Čerček U, Yamoah A, Tripathi P, Aronica E, Goswami A, Rogelj B. Abl kinase-mediated FUS Tyr526 phosphorylation alters nucleocytoplasmic FUS localization in FTLD-FUS. Brain 2023; 146:4088-4104. [PMID: 37071594 PMCID: PMC10545532 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear to cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of multiple RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including FUS, are the main neuropathological features of the majority of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobular degeneration (FTLD). In ALS-FUS, these aggregates arise from disease-associated mutations in FUS, whereas in FTLD-FUS, the cytoplasmic inclusions do not contain mutant FUS, suggesting different molecular mechanisms of FUS pathogenesis in FTLD that remain to be investigated. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of the C-terminal Tyr526 of FUS results in increased cytoplasmic retention of FUS due to impaired binding to the nuclear import receptor TNPO1. Inspired by the above notions, in the current study we developed a novel antibody against the C-terminally phosphorylated Tyr526 FUS (FUSp-Y526) that is specifically capable of recognizing phosphorylated cytoplasmic FUS, which is poorly recognized by other commercially available FUS antibodies. Using this FUSp-Y526 antibody, we demonstrated a FUS phosphorylation-specific effect on the cytoplasmic distribution of soluble and insoluble FUSp-Y526 in various cells and confirmed the involvement of the Src kinase family in Tyr526 FUS phosphorylation. In addition, we found that FUSp-Y526 expression pattern correlates with active pSrc/pAbl kinases in specific brain regions of mice, indicating preferential involvement of cAbl in the cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUSp-Y526 in cortical neurons. Finally, the pattern of immunoreactivity of active cAbl kinase and FUSp-Y526 revealed altered cytoplasmic distribution of FUSp-Y526 in cortical neurons of post-mortem frontal cortex tissue from FTLD patients compared with controls. The overlap of FUSp-Y526 and FUS signals was found preferentially in small diffuse inclusions and was absent in mature aggregates, suggesting possible involvement of FUSp-Y526 in the formation of early toxic FUS aggregates in the cytoplasm that are largely undetected by commercially available FUS antibodies. Given the overlapping patterns of cAbl activity and FUSp-Y526 distribution in cortical neurons, and cAbl induced sequestration of FUSp-Y526 into G3BP1 positive granules in stressed cells, we propose that cAbl kinase is actively involved in mediating cytoplasmic mislocalization and promoting toxic aggregation of wild-type FUS in the brains of FTLD patients, as a novel putative underlying mechanism of FTLD-FUS pathophysiology and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Motaln
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Čerček
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Graduate School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alfred Yamoah
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Priyanka Tripathi
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Neuropathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anand Goswami
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Eleanor and Lou Gherig ALS Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Tang X, Zhan Y, Yang B, Du B, Huang J. Exploring the mechanism of Semen Strychni in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis based on network pharmacology. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35101. [PMID: 37682161 PMCID: PMC10489316 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen Strychni (SS), known as an agonist of central nervous system, is a traditional herb widely used in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in small doses to relieve muscle weakness and improve muscle strength. However, the potential mechanisms and the main components of SS in treating ALS remain unclear. To explore the underlying mechanism of SS in treating ALS based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active components of SS were obtained using TCMSP, Herb, ETCM, and BATMAN-TCM. The targets of SS were gained from PharmMapper. The targets of ALS were searched on Genecards, Drugbank, DisGeNET, OMIM, TTD and GEO database. After obtaining the coincidence targets, we submitted them to the STRING database to build a protein-protein interaction network. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis were performed subsequently. The active components and targets were further investigated using molecular docking technology. 395 targets of SS and 1925 targets of ALS were obtained with 125 common targets. The protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that SRC, AKT1, MAPK1, EGFR, and HSP90AA1 received the higher degree value and were considered the central genes. The Ras, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK signaling pathway could be involved in the treatment of ALS. Brucine-N-oxide obtained the lowest binding energy in molecular docking. This study explored the mechanism of SS in the treatment of ALS and provides a new perspective for future study. However, further experimental studies are needed to validate the therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Tang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingshi Zhan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoxin Du
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Motaln H, Rogelj B. The Role of c-Abl Tyrosine Kinase in Brain and Its Pathologies. Cells 2023; 12:2041. [PMID: 37626851 PMCID: PMC10453230 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated status, low regenerative capacity and complex signaling make neuronal tissues highly susceptible to translating an imbalance in cell homeostasis into cell death. The high rate of neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population confirms this. The multiple and divergent signaling cascades downstream of the various stress triggers challenge researchers to identify the central components of the stress-induced signaling pathways that cause neurodegeneration. Because of their critical role in cell homeostasis, kinases have emerged as one of the key regulators. Among kinases, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Abelson kinase) c-Abl appears to be involved in both the normal development of neural tissue and the development of neurodegenerative pathologies when abnormally expressed or activated. However, exactly how c-Abl mediates the progression of neurodegeneration remains largely unexplored. Here, we summarize recent findings on the involvement of c-Abl in normal and abnormal processes in nervous tissue, focusing on neurons, astrocytes and microglial cells, with particular reference to molecular events at the interface between stress signaling, DNA damage, and metabolic regulation. Because inhibition of c-Abl has neuroprotective effects and can prevent neuronal death, we believe that an integrated view of c-Abl signaling in neurodegeneration could lead to significantly improved treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Motaln
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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24
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Zamiri K, Kesari S, Paul K, Hwang SH, Hammock B, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Urbanowicz A, Gao L, Whitelegge J, Fiala M. Therapy of autoimmune inflammation in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Dimethyl fumarate and H-151 downregulate inflammatory cytokines in the cGAS-STING pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23068. [PMID: 37436778 PMCID: PMC10619685 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300573r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (sALS), IL-17A- and granzyme-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), IL-17A-positive mast cells, and inflammatory macrophages invade the brain and spinal cord. In some patients, the disease starts following a trauma or a severe infection. We examined cytokines and cytokine regulators over the disease course and found that, since the early stages, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exhibit increased expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-12A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, as well as granzymes and the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT4. In later stages, PBMCs upregulated the autoimmunity-associated cytokines IL-23A and IL-17B, and the chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, which attract CTL and monocytes into the central nervous system. The inflammation is fueled by the downregulation of IL-10, TGFβ, and the inhibitory T-cell co-receptors CTLA4, LAG3, and PD-1, and, in vitro, by stimulation with the ligand PD-L1. We investigated in two sALS patients the regulation of the macrophage transcriptome by dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a drug approved against multiple sclerosis and psoriasis, and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS/STING) pathway inhibitor H-151. Both DMF and H-151 downregulated the expression of granzymes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, IL-23A, and IFN-γ, and induced a pro-resolution macrophage phenotype. The eicosanoid epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) from arachidonic acid was anti-inflammatory in synergy with DMF. H-151 and DMF are thus candidate drugs targeting the inflammation and autoimmunity in sALS via modulation of the NFκB and cGAS/STING pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurosh Zamiri
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Santosh Kesari
- Pacific Neuroscience Institute and Saint John’s Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John’s Health Center, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Ketema Paul
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California – Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Urbanowicz
- UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institute of Control and Computation Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucy Gao
- Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Julian Whitelegge
- Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Milan Fiala
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA School of Life Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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25
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Shevade K, Peddada S, Mader K, Przybyla L. Functional genomics in stem cell models: considerations and applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236553. [PMID: 37554308 PMCID: PMC10404852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells have advanced in terms of cell type specificity and tissue-level complexity over the past 2 decades, which has facilitated human disease modeling in the most relevant cell types. The ability to generate induced PSCs (iPSCs) from patients further enables the study of disease mutations in an appropriate cellular context to reveal the mechanisms that underlie disease etiology and progression. As iPSC-derived disease models have improved in robustness and scale, they have also been adopted more widely for use in drug screens to discover new therapies and therapeutic targets. Advancement in genome editing technologies, in particular the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, has further allowed for rapid development of iPSCs containing disease-causing mutations. CRISPR-Cas9 technologies have now evolved beyond creating single gene edits, aided by the fusion of inhibitory (CRISPRi) or activation (CRISPRa) domains to a catalytically dead Cas9 protein, enabling inhibition or activation of endogenous gene loci. These tools have been used in CRISPR knockout, CRISPRi, or CRISPRa screens to identify genetic modifiers that synergize or antagonize with disease mutations in a systematic and unbiased manner, resulting in identification of disease mechanisms and discovery of new therapeutic targets to accelerate drug discovery research. However, many technical challenges remain when applying large-scale functional genomics approaches to differentiated PSC populations. Here we review current technologies in the field of iPSC disease modeling and CRISPR-based functional genomics screens and practical considerations for implementation across a range of modalities, applications, and disease areas, as well as explore CRISPR screens that have been performed in iPSC models to-date and the insights and therapies these screens have produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaivalya Shevade
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sailaja Peddada
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karl Mader
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laralynne Przybyla
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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26
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Shi Y, Zhao Y, Lu L, Gao Q, Yu D, Sun M. CRISPR/Cas9: implication for modeling and therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1223777. [PMID: 37483353 PMCID: PMC10359984 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1223777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a deadly neurological disease with a complicated and variable pathophysiology yet to be fully understood. There is currently no effective treatment available to either slow or terminate it. However, recent advances in ALS genomics have linked genes to phenotypes, encouraging the creation of novel therapeutic approaches and giving researchers more tools to create efficient animal models. Genetically engineered rodent models replicating ALS disease pathology have a high predictive value for translational research. This review addresses the history of the evolution of gene editing tools, the most recent ALS disease models, and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 against ALS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Likui Lu
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Center for Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute for Fetology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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27
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Watanabe Y, Takeda H, Honda N, Hanajima R. A bioinformatic investigation of proteasome and autophagy expression in the central nervous system. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18188. [PMID: 37519643 PMCID: PMC10375789 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy lysosome pathway (ALP) are crucial in the control of protein quality. However, data regarding the relative significance of UPS and ALP in the central nervous system (CNS) are limited. In the present study, using publicly available data, we computed the quantitative expression status of UPS- and ALP-related genes and their products in the CNS as compared with that in other tissues and cells. We obtained human and mouse gene expression datasets from the reference expression dataset (RefEx) and Genevestigator (a tool for handling curated transcriptomic data from public repositories) as well as human proteomics data from the proteomics database (ProteomicsDB). The expression levels of genes and proteins in four categories-ubiquitin, proteasome, autophagy, and lysosome--in the cells and tissues were assessed. Perturbation of the gene expression by drugs was also analyzed for the four categories. Compared with that for ubiquitin, autophagy, and lysosome, gene expression for proteasome was consistently lower in the CNS of mice but was more pronounced in humans. Neural stem cells and neurons showed low proteasome gene expression as compared with embryonic stem cells. Proteomic analyses, however, did not show trends similar to those observed in the gene expression analyses. Perturbation analyses revealed that azithromycin and vitamin D3 upregulated the expression of both UPS and ALP. Gene and proteomic expression data could offer a fresh perspective on CNS pathophysiology. Our results indicate that disproportional expression of UPS and ALP might affect CNS disorders and that this imbalance might be redressed by several therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Corresponding author. Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 36-1, Nishi-cho, Yonago, Japan.
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28
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Sun HY, Wu J, Wang R, Zhang S, Xu H, Kaznacheyeva Е, Lu XJ, Ren HG, Wang GH. Pazopanib alleviates neuroinflammation and protects dopaminergic neurons in LPS-stimulated mouse model by inhibiting MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1135-1148. [PMID: 36536076 PMCID: PMC10203146 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the accumulation of Lewy bodies (LB) in the substantia nigra (SN). Evidence shows that microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in PD pathogenesis. Using TNF-α as an indicator for microglial activation, we established a cellular model to screen compounds that could inhibit neuroinflammation. From 2471 compounds in a small molecular compound library composed of FDA-approved drugs, we found 77 candidates with a significant anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, we further characterized pazopanib, a pan-VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (that was approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma and advanced soft tissue sarcoma). We showed that pretreatment with pazopanib (1, 5, 10 μM) dose-dependently suppressed LPS-induced BV2 cell activation evidenced by inhibiting the transcription of proinflammatory factors iNOS, COX2, Il-1β, and Il-6 through the MEK4-JNK-AP-1 pathway. The conditioned medium from LPS-treated microglia caused mouse DA neuronal MES23.5 cell damage, which was greatly attenuated by pretreatment of the microglia with pazopanib. We established an LPS-stimulated mouse model by stereotactic injection of LPS into mouse substantia nigra. Administration of pazopanib (10 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.p., for 10 days) exerted significant anti-inflammatory and neuronal protective effects, and improved motor abilities impaired by LPS in the mice. Together, we discover a promising candidate compound for anti-neuroinflammation and provide a potential repositioning of pazopanib in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Еlena Kaznacheyeva
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Xiao-Jun Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215400, China
| | - Hai-Gang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Center of Translational Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215400, China.
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Kondo T, Ebinuma I, Tanaka H, Nishikawa Y, Komiya T, Ishikawa M, Okano H. Rapid and Robust Multi-Phenotypic Assay System for ALS Using Human iPS Cells with Mutations in Causative Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086987. [PMID: 37108151 PMCID: PMC10138792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a major life-threatening disease caused by motor neuron degeneration. More effective treatments through drug discovery are urgently needed. Here, we established an effective high-throughput screening system using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Using a Tet-On-dependent transcription factor expression system carried on the PiggyBac vector, motor neurons were efficiently and rapidly generated from iPSCs by a single-step induction method. Induced iPSC transcripts displayed characteristics similar to those of spinal cord neurons. iPSC-generated motor neurons carried a mutation in fused in sarcoma (FUS) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) genes and had abnormal protein accumulation corresponding to each mutation. Calcium imaging and multiple electrode array (MEA) recordings demonstrated that ALS neurons were abnormally hyperexcitable. Noticeably, protein accumulation and hyperexcitability were ameliorated by treatment with rapamycin (mTOR inhibitor) and retigabine (Kv7 channel activator), respectively. Furthermore, rapamycin suppressed ALS neuronal death and hyperexcitability, suggesting that protein aggregate clearance through the activation of autophagy effectively normalized activity and improved neuronal survival. Our culture system reproduced several ALS phenotypes, including protein accumulation, hyperexcitability, and neuronal death. This rapid and robust phenotypic screening system will likely facilitate the discovery of novel ALS therapeutics and stratified and personalized medicine for sporadic motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosho Kondo
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Research Center of Neurology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Ihori Ebinuma
- Research Center of Neurology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Research Center of Neurology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Nishikawa
- Research Center of Neurology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Takaki Komiya
- Research Center of Neurology, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ishikawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
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30
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Du H, Huo Z, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Meng F, Wang X, Liu S, Zhang H, Zhou F, Liu J, Zhang L, Zhou S, Guan Y, Wang X. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Applications in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060971. [PMID: 36980310 PMCID: PMC10047679 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in the loss of motor function in the central nervous system (CNS) and ultimately death. The mechanisms underlying ALS pathogenesis have not yet been fully elucidated, and ALS cannot be treated effectively. Most studies have applied animal or single-gene intervention cell lines as ALS disease models, but they cannot accurately reflect the pathological characteristics of ALS. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be reprogrammed from somatic cells, possessing the ability to self-renew and differentiate into a variety of cells. iPSCs can be obtained from ALS patients with different genotypes and phenotypes, and the genetic background of the donor cells remains unchanged during reprogramming. iPSCs can differentiate into neurons and glial cells related to ALS. Therefore, iPSCs provide an excellent method to evaluate the impact of diseases on ALS patients. Moreover, patient-derived iPSCs are obtained from their own somatic cells, avoiding ethical concerns and posing only a low risk of immune rejection. The iPSC technology creates new hope for ALS treatment. Here, we review recent studies on iPSCs and their applications in disease modeling, drug screening and cell therapy in ALS, with a particular focus on the potential for ALS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Du
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zijun Huo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yanchun Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Zhenhan Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fandi Meng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shiyue Liu
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Haoyun Zhang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jinmeng Liu
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingjun Guan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Neurologic Disorders and Regenerative Repair Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mead RJ, Shan N, Reiser HJ, Marshall F, Shaw PJ. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a neurodegenerative disorder poised for successful therapeutic translation. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:185-212. [PMID: 36543887 PMCID: PMC9768794 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating disease caused by degeneration of motor neurons. As with all major neurodegenerative disorders, development of disease-modifying therapies has proven challenging for multiple reasons. Nevertheless, ALS is one of the few neurodegenerative diseases for which disease-modifying therapies are approved. Significant discoveries and advances have been made in ALS preclinical models, genetics, pathology, biomarkers, imaging and clinical readouts over the last 10-15 years. At the same time, novel therapeutic paradigms are being applied in areas of high unmet medical need, including neurodegenerative disorders. These developments have evolved our knowledge base, allowing identification of targeted candidate therapies for ALS with diverse mechanisms of action. In this Review, we discuss how this advanced knowledge, aligned with new approaches, can enable effective translation of therapeutic agents from preclinical studies through to clinical benefit for patients with ALS. We anticipate that this approach in ALS will also positively impact the field of drug discovery for neurodegenerative disorders more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Mead
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Keapstone Therapeutics, The Innovation Centre, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ning Shan
- Aclipse Therapeutics, Radnor, PA, US
| | | | - Fiona Marshall
- MSD UK Discovery Centre, Merck, Sharp and Dohme (UK) Limited, London, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
- Keapstone Therapeutics, The Innovation Centre, Broomhall, Sheffield, UK.
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32
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Suzuki N, Nishiyama A, Warita H, Aoki M. Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: seeking therapeutic targets in the era of gene therapy. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:131-152. [PMID: 35691950 PMCID: PMC9968660 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an intractable disease that causes respiratory failure leading to mortality. The main locus of ALS is motor neurons. The success of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a motor neuron disease, has triggered a paradigm shift in developing ALS therapies. The causative genes of ALS and disease-modifying genes, including those of sporadic ALS, have been identified one after another. Thus, the freedom of target choice for gene therapy has expanded by ASO strategy, leading to new avenues for therapeutic development. Tofersen for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) was a pioneer in developing ASO for ALS. Improving protocols and devising early interventions for the disease are vital. In this review, we updated the knowledge of causative genes in ALS. We summarized the genetic mutations identified in familial ALS and their clinical features, focusing on SOD1, fused in sarcoma (FUS), and transacting response DNA-binding protein. The frequency of the C9ORF72 mutation is low in Japan, unlike in Europe and the United States, while SOD1 and FUS are more common, indicating that the target mutations for gene therapy vary by ethnicity. A genome-wide association study has revealed disease-modifying genes, which could be the novel target of gene therapy. The current status and prospects of gene therapy development were discussed, including ethical issues. Furthermore, we discussed the potential of axonal pathology as new therapeutic targets of ALS from the perspective of early intervention, including intra-axonal transcription factors, neuromuscular junction disconnection, dysregulated local translation, abnormal protein degradation, mitochondrial pathology, impaired axonal transport, aberrant cytoskeleton, and axon branching. We simultaneously discuss important pathological states of cell bodies: persistent stress granules, disrupted nucleocytoplasmic transport, and cryptic splicing. The development of gene therapy based on the elucidation of disease-modifying genes and early intervention in molecular pathology is expected to become an important therapeutic strategy in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan.
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Martinez-Gonzalez L, Martinez A. Emerging clinical investigational drugs for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:141-160. [PMID: 36762798 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2178416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by motoneuron death with a median survival time of 3-5 years since disease onset. There are no effective treatments to date. However, a variety of innovative investigational drugs and biological-based therapies are under clinical development. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the clinical investigational small molecules as well as a brief summary of the biological-based therapies that are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of ALS. All the data were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov (registered through November 1). EXPERT OPINION Drug discovery for ALS is an active and evolving field, where many investigational clinical drugs are in different trials. There are several mechanisms of action supporting all these new therapies, although proteostasis is gaining stage. Probably, small orally bioavailable molecules able to recover functional TDP-43 homeostasis may have solid chances to modify ALS progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas "Margarita Salas"-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Katiyar D, Singhal S, Bansal P, Nagarajan K, Grover P. Nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics for holistic management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:62. [PMID: 36714551 PMCID: PMC9880136 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" (ALS) is a progressive neuronal disorder that affects sensory neurons in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. Moreover, additional neuronal subgroups as well as glial cells such as microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes are also thought to play a role in the aetiology. The disease affects upper motor neurons and lowers motor neurons and leads to that either lead to muscle weakness and wasting in the arms, legs, trunk and periventricular area. Oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, programmed cell death, altered neurofilament activity, anomalies in neurotransmission, abnormal protein processing and deterioration, increased inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction may all play a role in the progression of ALS. There are presently hardly FDA-approved drugs used to treat ALS, and they are only beneficial in slowing the progression of the disease and enhancing functions in certain individuals with ALS, not really in curing or preventing the illness. These days, researchers focus on understanding the pathogenesis of the disease by targeting several mechanisms aiming to develop successful treatments for ALS. This review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical features, pathophysiology, and disease management. The compilation focuses on alternative methods for the management of symptoms of ALS with nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Katiyar
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - Shipra Singhal
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - Priya Bansal
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - K. Nagarajan
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
| | - Parul Grover
- KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi-NCR, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201206 India
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35
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The paradigm of amyloid precursor protein in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The potential role of the 682YENPTY 687 motif. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:923-930. [PMID: 36698966 PMCID: PMC9860402 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive decline of neuronal function in several brain areas, and are always associated with cognitive, psychiatric, or motor deficits due to the atrophy of certain neuronal populations. Most neurodegenerative diseases share common pathological mechanisms, such as neurotoxic protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and impairment of autophagy machinery. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is one of the most common adult-onset motor neuron disorders worldwide. It is clinically characterized by the selective and progressive loss of motor neurons in the motor cortex, brain stem, and spinal cord, ultimately leading to muscle atrophy and rapidly progressive paralysis. Multiple recent studies have indicated that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic fragments are not only drivers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but also one of the earliest signatures in ALS, preceding or anticipating neuromuscular junction instability and denervation. Indeed, altered levels of APP peptides have been found in the brain, muscles, skin, and cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients. In this short review, we discuss the nature and extent of research evidence on the role of APP peptides in ALS, focusing on the intracellular C-terminal peptide and its regulatory motif 682YENPTY687, with the overall aim of providing new frameworks and perspectives for intervention and identifying key questions for future investigations.
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36
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Ito D, Morimoto S, Takahashi S, Okada K, Nakahara J, Okano H. Maiden voyage: induced pluripotent stem cell-based drug screening for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2023; 146:13-19. [PMID: 36004509 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, neurodegenerative disease phenotypes have been recapitulated and their pathogenesis analysed leading to significant progress in drug screening. In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, high-throughput screening using induced pluripotent stem cells-derived motor neurons has identified candidate drugs. Owing to induced pluripotent stem cell-based drug evaluation/screening, three compounds, retigabine, ropinirole and bosutinib, have progressed to clinical trials. Retigabine blocks hyperexcitability and improves survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patient-derived motor neurons. In a randomized clinical trial (n = 65), treatment with retigabine reduced neuronal excitability after 8 weeks. Ropinirole, identified in a high-throughput screening, attenuates pathological phenotypes in patient-derived motor neurons. In a trial limited by a small sample size (n = 20), ropinirole was tolerable and had clinical benefits on function and survival. A phase 1 study of bosutinib has reported safety and tolerability for 12 weeks. Thus, these clinical trials show safety and positive effects and confirm the reliability of stem cell-based drug discovery. This novel strategy leads to reduced costs and time when compared to animal testing and opens new avenues for therapy in intractable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Satoru Morimoto
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shinichi Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama 350-1298, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okada
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Ma S, Xia T, Wang X, Wang H. Identification and validation of biomarkers based on cellular senescence in mild cognitive impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1139789. [PMID: 37187578 PMCID: PMC10176455 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1139789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a syndrome defined as decline of cognitive function greater than expected for an individual's age and education level, occurs in up to 22.7% of elderly patients in United States, causing the heavy psychological and economic burdens to families and society. Cellular senescence (CS) is a stress response that accompanies permanent cell-cycle arrest, which has been reported to be a fundamental pathological mechanism of many age-related diseases. This study aims to explore biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in MCI based on CS. Methods The mRNA expression profiles of peripheral blood samples from patients in MCI and non-MCI group were download from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database (GSE63060 for training and GSE18309 for external validation), CS-related genes were obtained from CellAge database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to discover the key relationships behind the co-expression modules. The differentially expressed CS-related genes would be obtained through overlapping among the above datasets. Then, pathway and GO enrichment analyses were performed to further elucidate the mechanism of MCI. The protein-protein interaction network was used to extract hub genes and the logistic regression was performed to distinguish the MCI patients from controls. The hub gene-drug network, hub gene-miRNA network as well as transcription factor-gene regulatory network were used to analyze potential therapeutic targets for MCI. Results Eight CS-related genes were identified as key gene signatures in MCI group, which were mainly enriched in the regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus, Sin3 complex and transcription corepressor activity. The receiver operating characteristic curves of logistic regression diagnostic model were constructed and presented great diagnostic value in both training and validation set. Conclusion Eight CS-related hub genes - SMARCA4, GAPDH, SMARCB1, RUNX1, SRC, TRIM28, TXN, and PRPF19 - serve as candidate biomarkers for MCI and display the excellent diagnostic value. Furthermore, we also provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy against MCI through the above hub genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songmei Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan, China
| | - Tong Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Extracorporeal Life Support for Critical Diseases, Tianjin, China
- Artificial Cell Engineering Technology Research Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Haiyun Wang,
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Lee S, Ryu HG, Kweon SH, Kim H, Park H, Lee KH, Jang SM, Na CH, Kim S, Ko HS. c-Abl Regulates the Pathological Deposition of TDP-43 via Tyrosine 43 Phosphorylation. Cells 2022; 11:3972. [PMID: 36552734 PMCID: PMC9776721 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase, c-Abl plays a role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Here, we found that TDP-43, which was one of the main proteins comprising pathological deposits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is a novel substrate for c-Abl. The phosphorylation of tyrosine 43 of TDP-43 by c-Abl led to increased TDP-43 levels in the cytoplasm and increased the formation of G3BP1-positive stress granules in SH-SY5Y cells. The kinase-dead mutant of c-Abl had no effect on the cytoplasmic localization of TDP-43. The expression of phosphor-mimetic mutant Y43E of TDP-43 in primary cortical neurons accumulated the neurite granule. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of TDP-43 at tyrosine 43 by c-Abl promoted the aggregation of TDP-43 and increased neuronal cell death in primary cortical neurons, but not in c-Abl-deficient primary cortical neurons. Identification of c-Abl as the kinase of TDP43 provides new insight into the pathogenesis of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saebom Lee
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Guk Ryu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Ho Kweon
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hyerynn Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ha Lee
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Technology, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hyun Na
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sangjune Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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39
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Tsujimoto H, Osafune K. Current status and future directions of clinical applications using iPS cells-focus on Japan. FEBS J 2022; 289:7274-7291. [PMID: 34407307 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine using iPS cell technologies has progressed remarkably in recent years. In this review, we summarize these technologies and their clinical application. First, we discuss progress in the establishment of iPS cells, including the HLA-homo iPS cell stock project in Japan and the advancement of low antigenic iPS cells using genome-editing technology. Then, we describe iPS cell-based therapies in or approaching clinical application, including those for ophthalmological, neurological, cardiac, hematological, cartilage, and metabolic diseases. Next, we introduce disease models generated from patient iPS cells and successfully used to identify therapeutic agents for intractable diseases. Clinical medicine using iPS cells has advanced safely and effectively by making full use of current scientific standards, but tests on cell safety need to be further developed and validated. The next decades will see the further spread of iPS cell technology-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,RegeNephro Co., Ltd., MIC bldg. Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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40
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Cheng HWA, Callis TB, Montgomery AP, Danon JJ, Jorgensen WT, Ke YD, Ittner LM, Werry EL, Kassiou M. Understanding In Vitro Pathways to Drug Discovery for TDP-43 Proteinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314769. [PMID: 36499097 PMCID: PMC9738080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cellular models is a common means to investigate the potency of therapeutics in pre-clinical drug discovery. However, there is currently no consensus on which model most accurately replicates key aspects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) pathology, such as accumulation of insoluble, cytoplasmic transactive response DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) and the formation of insoluble stress granules. Given this, we characterised two TDP-43 proteinopathy cellular models that were based on different aetiologies of disease. The first was a sodium arsenite-induced chronic oxidative stress model and the second expressed a disease-relevant TDP-43 mutation (TDP-43 M337V). The sodium arsenite model displayed most aspects of TDP-43, stress granule and ubiquitin pathology seen in human ALS/FTD donor tissue, whereas the mutant cell line only modelled some aspects. When these two cellular models were exposed to small molecule chemical probes, different effects were observed across the two models. For example, a previously disclosed sulfonamide compound decreased cytoplasmic TDP-43 and increased soluble levels of stress granule marker TIA-1 in the cellular stress model without impacting these levels in the mutant cell line. This study highlights the challenges of using cellular models in lead development during drug discovery for ALS and FTD and reinforces the need to perform assessments of novel therapeutics across a variety of cell lines and aetiological models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hei W. A. Cheng
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Timothy B. Callis
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew P. Montgomery
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathan J. Danon
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - William T. Jorgensen
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yazi D. Ke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lars M. Ittner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2 Technology Place, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Eryn L. Werry
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Michael Kassiou
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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41
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Robust Generation of Ready-to-Use Cryopreserved Motor Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113462. [PMID: 36362259 PMCID: PMC9657726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived motor neurons (MNs) act as models for motor neuron diseases (MNDs), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal muscular atrophy. However, the MN differentiation efficiency and viability following cryopreservation require further development for application in large-scale studies and drug screening. Here, we developed a robust protocol to convert hPSCs into MN cryopreservation stocks (hPSCs were converted into >92% motor neural progenitors and >91% MNs). Near-mature MNs were cryopreserved at a high thawing survival rate and 89% MN marker expression on day 32. Moreover, these MNs exhibited classical electrophysiological properties and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) formation ability within only 4−6 days after thawing. To apply this platform as an MND model, MN stocks were generated from SOD1G85R, SOD1G85G isogenic control, and sporadic ALS hPSC lines. The thawed ALS MNs expressed ALS-specific cytopathies, including SOD1 protein aggregation and TDP-43 redistribution. Thus, a stable and robust protocol was developed to generate ready-to-use cryopreserved MNs without further neuronal maturation processes for application in MND mechanistic studies, NMJ model establishment, and large-scale drug screening.
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Kubat Oktem E, Aydin B, Yazar M, Arga KY. Integrative Analysis of Motor Neuron and Microglial Transcriptomes from SOD1 G93A Mice Models Uncover Potential Drug Treatments for ALS. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2360-2376. [PMID: 36178612 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease of motor neurons that mainly affects the motor cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Under disease conditions, microglia could possess two distinct profiles, M1 (toxic) and M2 (protective), with the M2 profile observed at disease onset. SOD1 (superoxide dismutase 1) gene mutations account for up to 20% of familial ALS cases. Comparative gene expression differences in M2-protective (early) stage SOD1G93A microglia and age-matched SOD1G93A motor neurons are poorly understood. We evaluated the differential gene expression profiles in SOD1G93A microglia and SOD1G93A motor neurons utilizing publicly available transcriptomics data and bioinformatics analyses, constructed biomolecular networks around them, and identified gene clusters as potential drug targets. Following a drug repositioning strategy, 5 small compounds (belinostat, auranofin, BRD-K78930611, AZD-8055, and COT-10b) were repositioned as potential ALS therapeutic candidates that mimic the protective state of microglia and reverse the toxic state of motor neurons. We anticipate that this study will provide new insights into the ALS pathophysiology linking the M2 state of microglia and drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Kubat Oktem
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kuzey Yerleşkesi H Blok, Ünalan Sk. D100 Karayolu Yanyol 34700, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Busra Aydin
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Metin Yazar
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kazim Yalcin Arga
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Imamura K, Izumi Y, Nagai M, Nishiyama K, Watanabe Y, Hanajima R, Egawa N, Ayaki T, Oki R, Fujita K, Uozumi R, Morinaga A, Hirohashi T, Fujii Y, Yamamoto T, Tatebe H, Tokuda T, Takahashi N, Morita S, Takahashi R, Inoue H. Safety and tolerability of bosutinib in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (iDReAM study): A multicentre, open-label, dose-escalation phase 1 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 53:101707. [PMID: 36467452 PMCID: PMC9716331 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of motor neurons, and development of effective medicines is urgently required. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based drug repurposing identified the Src/c-Abl inhibitor bosutinib, which is approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), as a candidate for the molecular targeted therapy of ALS. METHODS An open-label, multicentre, dose-escalation phase 1 study using a 3 + 3 design was conducted in 4 hospitals in Japan to evaluate the safety and tolerability of bosutinib in patients with ALS. Furthermore, the exploratory efficacy was evaluated using Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R), predictive biomarkers including plasma neurofilament light chain (NFL) were explored, and single-cell RNA sequencing of iPSC-derived motor neurons was conducted. Patients, whose total ALSFRS-R scores decreased by 1-3 points during the 12-week, received escalating doses starting from 100 mg quaque die (QD) up to 400 mg QD based on dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) occurrence, and all participants who received one dose of the study drug were included in the primary analysis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04744532, as Induced pluripotent stem cell-based Drug Repurposing for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Medicine (iDReAM) study. FINDINGS Between March 29, 2019 and May 7, 2021, 20 patients were enrolled, 13 of whom received bosutinib treatment and 12 were included in the safety and efficacy analyses. No DLTs were observed up to 300 mg QD, but DLTs were observed in 3/3 patients of the 400 mg QD cohort. In all patients receiving 100 mg-400 mg, the prevalent adverse events (AEs) were gastrointestinal AEs in 12 patients (92.3%), liver function related AEs in 7 patients (53.8%), and rash in 3 patients (23.1%). The safety profile was consistent with that known for CML treatment, and ALS-specific AEs were not observed. A subset of patients (5/9 patients) was found to respond well to bosutinib treatment over the 12-week treatment period. It was found that the treatment-responsive patients could be distinguished by their lower levels of plasma NFL. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing of iPSC-derived motor neurons revealed the pathogenesis related molecular signature in patients with ALS showing responsiveness to bosutinib. INTERPRETATION This is the first trial of a Src/c-Abl inhibitor, bosutinib, for patients with ALS. The safety and tolerability of bosutinib up to 300 mg, not 400 mg, in ALS were described, and responsiveness of patients on motor function was observed. Since this was an open-label trial within a short period with a limited number of patients, further clinical trials will be required. FUNDING AMED and iPS Cell Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makiko Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Watanabe
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Hanajima
- Division of Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Naohiro Egawa
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Oki
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryuji Uozumi
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Harutsugu Tatebe
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiko Tokuda
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Hematology, Nephrology, and Rheumatology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morita
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Corresponding author. 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto Pref., 606-8507, Japan.
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44
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Bhargava A, Sandoval Castellanos AM, Shah S, Ning K. An insight into the iPSCs-derived two-dimensional culture and three-dimensional organoid models for neurodegenerative disorders. Interface Focus 2022; 12:20220040. [PMID: 35992771 PMCID: PMC9372641 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2022.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a promising approach when used as models to study neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) in vitro. iPSCs have been used in in vitro two-dimensional cultures; however, these two-dimensional cultures do not mimic the physiological three-dimensional cellular environment. The use of iPSCs-derived three-dimensional organoids has risen as a powerful alternative to using animal models to study NDDs. These iPSCs-derived three-dimensional organoids can resemble the complexity of the tissue of interest, making it an approachable, cost-effective technique, to study NDDs in an ethical manner. Furthermore, the use of iPSCs-derived organoids will be an important tool to develop new therapeutics and pharmaceutics to treat NDDs. Herein, we will highlight how iPSCs-derived two-dimensional cultures and three-dimensional organoids have been used to study NDDs, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Bhargava
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ana M. Sandoval Castellanos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Sonali Shah
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Ke Ning
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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45
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Amorós MA, Choi ES, Cofré AR, Dokholyan NV, Duzzioni M. Motor neuron-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a drug screening platform for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:962881. [PMID: 36105357 PMCID: PMC9467621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.962881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell culture models that recapitulate the etiology and features of nervous system diseases is central to the discovery of new drugs and their translation onto therapies. Neuronal tissues are inaccessible due to skeletal constraints and the invasiveness of the procedure to obtain them. Thus, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers the opportunity to model different neuronal pathologies. Our focus centers on iPSCs derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, whose pathology remains in urgent need of new drugs and treatment. In this sense, we aim to revise the process to obtain motor neurons derived iPSCs (iPSC-MNs) from patients with ALS as a drug screening model, review current 3D-models and offer a perspective on bioinformatics as a powerful tool that can aid in the progress of finding new pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Amorós
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esther S. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Axel R. Cofré
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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46
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Cellular analysis of SOD1 protein-aggregation propensity and toxicity: a case of ALS with slow progression harboring homozygous SOD1-D92G mutation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12636. [PMID: 35879519 PMCID: PMC9314329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations within Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), accounting for approximately 20% of familial cases. The pathological feature is a loss of motor neurons with enhanced formation of intracellular misfolded SOD1. Homozygous SOD1-D90A in familial ALS has been reported to show slow disease progression. Here, we reported a rare case of a slowly progressive ALS patient harboring a novel SOD1 homozygous mutation D92G (homD92G). The neuronal cell line overexpressing SOD1-D92G showed a lower ratio of the insoluble/soluble fraction of SOD1 with fine aggregates of the misfolded SOD1 and lower cellular toxicity than those overexpressing SOD1-G93A, a mutation that generally causes rapid disease progression. Next, we analyzed spinal motor neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of a healthy control subject and ALS patients carrying SOD1-homD92G or heterozygous SOD1-L144FVX mutation. Lower levels of misfolded SOD1 and cell loss were observed in the motor neurons differentiated from patient-derived iPSCs carrying SOD1-homD92G than in those carrying SOD1-L144FVX. Taken together, SOD1-homD92G has a lower propensity to aggregate and induce cellular toxicity than SOD1-G93A or SOD1-L144FVX, and these cellular phenotypes could be associated with the clinical course of slowly progressive ALS.
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47
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Hayes LR, Kalab P. Emerging Therapies and Novel Targets for TDP-43 Proteinopathy in ALS/FTD. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:1061-1084. [PMID: 35790708 PMCID: PMC9587158 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic mislocalization of the essential RNA binding protein, TDP-43, is a pathologic hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and related neurodegenerative disorders collectively termed "TDP-43 proteinopathies." TDP-43 mislocalization causes neurodegeneration through both loss and gain of function mechanisms. Loss of TDP-43 nuclear RNA processing function destabilizes the transcriptome by multiple mechanisms including disruption of pre-mRNA splicing, the failure of repression of cryptic exons, and retrotransposon activation. The accumulation of cytoplasmic TDP-43, which is prone to aberrant liquid-liquid phase separation and aggregation, traps TDP-43 in the cytoplasm and disrupts a host of downstream processes including the trafficking of RNA granules, local translation within axons, and mitochondrial function. In this review, we will discuss the TDP-43 therapy development pipeline, beginning with therapies in current and upcoming clinical trials, which are primarily focused on accelerating the clearance of TDP-43 aggregates. Then, we will look ahead to emerging strategies from preclinical studies, first from high-throughput genetic and pharmacologic screens, and finally from mechanistic studies focused on the upstream cause(s) of TDP-43 disruption in ALS/FTD. These include modulation of stress granule dynamics, TDP-43 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, RNA metabolism, and correction of aberrant splicing events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Hayes
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Dept. of Neurology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Petr Kalab
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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48
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Zhang J, Sun JG, Xing X, Wu R, Zhou L, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Wang S, Yuan Z. c-Abl-induced Olig2 phosphorylation regulates the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Glia 2022; 70:1084-1099. [PMID: 35156232 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelinating cells in the central nervous system (CNS), are differentiated from OL progenitor cells (OPCs). The proliferation of existing OPCs is indispensable for myelination during CNS development and remyelination in response to demyelination stimulation. The transcription factor Olig2 is required for the specification of OLs and is expressed in the OL lineage. However, the post-translational modification of Olig2 in the proliferation of OPCs is poorly understood. Herein, we identified that c-Abl directly phosphorylates Olig2 mainly at the Tyr137 site, and that Olig2 phosphorylation is essential for OPC proliferation. The expression levels of c-Abl gradually decreased with brain development; moreover, c-Abl was highly expressed in OPCs. OL-specific c-Abl knockout at the developmental stage led to an insufficient proliferation of OPCs, a decreased expression of myelin-related genes, and myelination retardation. Accordingly, a c-Abl-specific kinase inhibitor suppressed OPC proliferation in vitro. Furthermore, we observed that OL-specific c-Abl knockout reduced OPC proliferation and remyelination in a cuprizone model of demyelination. In addition, we found that nilotinib, a clinically used c-Abl inhibitor, decreased the expression of myelin basic protein (Mbp) and motor coordination in mice, indicating a neurological side effect of a long-term administration of the c-Abl inhibitor. Thus, we identified the important role of c-Abl in OLs during developmental myelination and remyelination in a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Guang Sun
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Xing
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lujun Zhou
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army No.5 Medical Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shukun Wang
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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49
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Calabrese G, Molzahn C, Mayor T. Protein interaction networks in neurodegenerative diseases: from physiological function to aggregation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102062. [PMID: 35623389 PMCID: PMC9234719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein inclusions is linked to many neurodegenerative diseases that typically develop in older individuals, due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In rare familial neurodegenerative disorders, genes encoding for aggregation-prone proteins are often mutated. While the underlying mechanism leading to these diseases still remains to be fully elucidated, efforts in the past 20 years revealed a vast network of protein–protein interactions that play a major role in regulating the aggregation of key proteins associated with neurodegeneration. Misfolded proteins that can oligomerize and form insoluble aggregates associate with molecular chaperones and other elements of the proteolytic machineries that are the frontline workers attempting to protect the cells by promoting clearance and preventing aggregation. Proteins that are normally bound to aggregation-prone proteins can become sequestered and mislocalized in protein inclusions, leading to their loss of function. In contrast, mutations, posttranslational modifications, or misfolding of aggregation-prone proteins can lead to gain of function by inducing novel or altered protein interactions, which in turn can impact numerous essential cellular processes and organelles, such as vesicle trafficking and the mitochondria. This review examines our current knowledge of protein–protein interactions involving several key aggregation-prone proteins that are associated with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We aim to provide an overview of the protein interaction networks that play a central role in driving or mitigating inclusion formation, while highlighting some of the key proteomic studies that helped to uncover the extent of these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Calabrese
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada.
| | - Cristen Molzahn
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada
| | - Thibault Mayor
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver BC, Canada.
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50
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Liu W, Wang G, Wang Z, Wang G, Huang J, Liu B. Repurposing small-molecule drugs for modulating toxic protein aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1994-2007. [PMID: 35395400 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are often age-related disorders that can cause dementia in people, usually over 65 years old, are still lacking effective therapies. Some NDs have recently been linked to toxic protein aggregates, for example Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease; therefore, mulating toxic protein aggregates would be a promising therapeutic strategy. Moreover, drug repurposing, in other words exploiting drugs that are already in use for another indication, has been attracting mounting attention for potential therapeutic purposes in NDs. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing a series of repurposed small-molecule drugs for eliminating or inhibiting toxic protein aggregates and further discuss their intricate molecular mechanisms to improve the current ND treatment. Taken together, these findings will shed new light on exploiting more repurposed small-molecule drugs targeting different types of toxic proteins to fight NDs in the future. Teaser: Drug repurposing has been gaining attention to yield therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, and Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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