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Baziyar MA, Hosseini A, Jandel F. The role of palbociclib on the alterations in CDKN2, CCNE1, E2F3, MDM2 expressions as target genes of miR-141. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306545. [PMID: 39116089 PMCID: PMC11309483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION According to WHO, Breast cancer is widely considered to be the first or second cause of cancer-related death almost universally. Cell cycle disruption, either in the form of uncontrolled expression of cyclins or because of the suspension in negative regulatory proteins (CDK inhibitors), was found to cause breast cancer. Palbociclib as specific CDK4/6 inhibitor is used for the treatment of ER+ metastatic cancers. In this study, we are looking to investigate the effect of palbociclib on breast cancer cells and evaluate the changes in the expression of some genes involved in the cell cycle as target genes of miR-141 after treatment with this drug. We used MCF7 as functional estrogen and non-invasive and MDA-MB-231 cell lines as triple-negative type of breast cancer and a model for more aggressive. METHOD & MATERIALS MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium. After counting cells and measuring viability, Palbociclib was administered at varying doses using the IC50 obtained from MTT, with the treatment given at two time points of 24 and 72 hours. RNA was extracted from untreated and treated cells and RNAs were converted to cDNA in the end. Gene expression changes were investigated by real-time PCR. Data management and analysis were conducted using GraphPad Prism 5.01 software. RESULT AND CONCLUSION Among investigated genes, E2F3 gene was not significantly affected by Palbociclib in any of cell lines and time points. Besides, the expression of CCNE1 gene was significantly suppressed. It seems this drug was unable to reduce the expression of MDM2 gene significantly in triple negative (MDA-MB-231) cancer cells; however, a decrease was observed in luminal A (MCF-7) cells. CDKN2A and miR-141 genes expression increased significantly after treatment which can be aligned with palbociclib in proliferation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Baziyar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshad Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinush Jandel
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Albert V, Bruss C, Tümen D, Piendl G, Weber F, Dahl E, Seitz S, Ortmann O, Wege AK, Brockhoff G. HER4 Affects Sensitivity to Tamoxifen and Abemaciclib in Luminal Breast Cancer Cells and Restricts Tumor Growth in MCF-7-Based Humanized Tumor Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7475. [PMID: 39000582 PMCID: PMC11242770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of the HER4 receptor on the growth and treatment of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is widely uncertain. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated stable HER4 knockout variants derived from the HER4-positive MCF-7, T-47D, and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cell lines. We investigated tumor cell proliferation as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tamoxifen, abemaciclib, AMG232, and NRG1 treatments as a function of HER4 in vitro. HER4 differentially affects the cellular response to tamoxifen and abemaciclib treatment. Most conspicuous is the increased sensitivity of MCF-7 in vitro upon HER4 knockout and the inhibition of cell proliferation by NRG1. Additionally, we assessed tumor growth and immunological effects as responses to tamoxifen and abemaciclib therapy in humanized tumor mice (HTM) based on MCF-7 HER4-wildtype and the corresponding HER4-knockout cells. Without any treatment, the enhanced MCF-7 tumor growth in HTM upon HER4 knockout suggests a tumor-suppressive effect of HER4 under preclinical but human-like conditions. This phenomenon is associated with an increased HER2 expression in MCF-7 in vivo. Independent of HER4, abemaciclib and tamoxifen treatment considerably inhibited tumor growth in these mice. However, abemaciclib-treated hormone receptor-positive breast cancer patients with tumor-associated mdm2 gene copy gains or pronounced HER4 expression showed a reduced event-free survival. Evidently, the presence of HER4 affects the efficacy of tamoxifen and abemaciclib treatment in different estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells, even to different extents, and is associated with unfavorable outcomes in abemaciclib-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veruschka Albert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Deniz Tümen
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Piendl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Weber
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93093 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Seitz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Ortmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja K Wege
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gero Brockhoff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93935 Regensburg, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Karras F, Kunz M. Patient-derived melanoma models. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 259:155231. [PMID: 38508996 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a very aggressive, rapidly metastasizing tumor that has been studied intensively in the past regarding the underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms. More recently developed treatment modalities have improved response rates and overall survival of patients. However, the majority of patients suffer from secondary treatment resistance, which requires in depth analyses of the underlying mechanisms. Here, melanoma models based on patients-derived material may play an important role. Consequently, a plethora of different experimental techniques have been developed in the past years. Among these are 3D and 4D culture techniques, organotypic skin reconstructs, melanoma-on-chip models and patient-derived xenografts, Every technique has its own strengths but also weaknesses regarding throughput, reproducibility, and reflection of the human situation. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of currently used techniques and discuss their use in different experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Karras
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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4
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Poulet S, Dai M, Wang N, Yan G, Boudreault J, Daliah G, Guillevin A, Nguyen H, Galal S, Ali S, Lebrun JJ. Genome-wide in vivo CRISPR screen identifies TGFβ3 as actionable biomarker of palbociclib resistance in triple negative breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:118. [PMID: 38831405 PMCID: PMC11145857 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains exceptionally challenging to treat. While CDK4/6 inhibitors have revolutionized HR + breast cancer therapy, there is limited understanding of their efficacy in TNBC and meaningful predictors of response and resistance to these drugs remain scarce. We conducted an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screen using palbociclib as a selection pressure in TNBC. Hits were prioritized using microarray data from a large panel of breast cancer cell lines to identify top palbociclib sensitizers. Our study defines TGFβ3 as an actionable determinant of palbociclib sensitivity that potentiates its anti-tumor effects. Mechanistically, we show that chronic palbociclib exposure depletes p21 levels, contributing to acquired resistance, and that TGFβ3 treatment can overcome this. This study defines TGFβ3 as an actionable biomarker that can be used to improve patient stratification for palbociclib treatment and exploits the synergistic interaction between CDK4/6 and TGFβ3 to propose a new combinatorial treatment for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Poulet
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Meiou Dai
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ni Wang
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gang Yan
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Boudreault
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Girija Daliah
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alan Guillevin
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Huong Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Soaad Galal
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Suhad Ali
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Lebrun
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Program, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Saamarthy K, Ahlqvist K, Daams R, Balagunaseelan N, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Kazi JU, Sime W, Massoumi R. Discovery of a small molecule that inhibits Bcl-3-mediated cyclin D1 expression in melanoma cells. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:103. [PMID: 38238702 PMCID: PMC10795364 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11663-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy using a drug that suppresses the growth and spread of cancer cells via inhibition of a specific protein is a foundation of precision medicine and treatment. High expression of the proto-oncogene Bcl-3 promotes the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells originating from tissues such as the colon, prostate, breast, and skin. The development of novel drugs targeting Bcl-3 alone or in combination with other therapies can cure these patients or prolong their survival. As a proof of concept, in the present study, we focused on metastatic melanoma as a model system. High-throughput screening and in vitro experiments identified BCL3ANT as a lead molecule that could interfere with Bcl-3-mediated cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation and migration in melanoma. In experimental animal models of melanoma, it was demonstrated that the use of a Bcl-3 inhibitor can influence the survival of melanoma cells. Since there are no other inhibitors against Bcl-3 in the clinical pipeline for cancer treatment, this presents a unique opportunity to develop a highly specific drug against malignant melanoma to meet an urgent clinical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunakar Saamarthy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Division of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22383, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Ahlqvist
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Division of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22383, Lund, Sweden
| | - Renée Daams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Division of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22383, Lund, Sweden
| | - Navisraj Balagunaseelan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agnes Rinaldo-Matthis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Division of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22383, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wondossen Sime
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Division of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22383, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Division of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Lund University, Medicon Village, 22383, Lund, Sweden.
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Li J, Gu A, Nong XM, Zhai S, Yue ZY, Li MY, Liu Y. Six-Membered Aromatic Nitrogen Heterocyclic Anti-Tumor Agents: Synthesis and Applications. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300293. [PMID: 38010365 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stands as a serious malady, posing substantial risks to human well-being and survival. This underscores the paramount necessity to explore and investigate novel antitumor medications. Nitrogen-containing compounds, especially those derived from natural sources, form a highly significant category of antitumor agents. Among these, antitumor agents with six-membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles have consistently attracted the attention of chemists and pharmacologists. Accordingly, we present a comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies and clinical implications of these compounds in this review. This entails an in-depth analysis of synthesis pathways for pyridine, quinoline, pyrimidine, and quinazoline. Additionally, we explore the historical progression, targets, mechanisms of action, and clinical effectiveness of small molecule inhibitors possessing these structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiatong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Nong
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuyang Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhu-Ying Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Meng-Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Shanghai, 200127, China
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7
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Katuwal NB, Kang MS, Ghosh M, Hong SD, Jeong YG, Park SM, Kim SG, Sohn J, Kim TH, Moon YW. Targeting PEG10 as a novel therapeutic approach to overcome CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in breast cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:325. [PMID: 38017459 PMCID: PMC10683152 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the global leading cancer burden in women and the hormone receptor-positive (HR+) subtype is a major part of breast cancer. Though cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are highly effective therapy for HR+ subtype, acquired resistance is inevitable in most cases. Herein, we investigated the paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10)-associated mechanism of acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. METHODS Palbociclib-resistant cells were generated by exposing human HR+ breast cancer cell lines to palbociclib for 7-9 months. In vitro mechanistic study and in vivo xenograft assay were performed. For clinical relevance, public mRNA microarray data sets of early breast cancer were analyzed and PEG10 immunohistochemical staining was performed using pre-CDK4/6 inhibitor tumor samples. RESULTS We observed that PEG10 was significantly upregulated in palbociclib-resistant cells. Ectopic overexpression of PEG10 in parental cells caused CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance and enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). On the contrary, PEG10-targeting siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) combined with palbociclib synergistically inhibited proliferation of palbociclib-resistant cells and growth of palbociclib-resistant xenograft in mice and suppressed EMT as well. The mechanistic study confirmed that high PEG10 expression suppressed p21, a natural CDK inhibitor, and SIAH1, a post-translational degrader of ZEB1, augmenting CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance. Then PEG10 siRNA combined with palbociclib suppressed cell cycle progression and EMT via activating p21 and SIAH1, respectively. Consequently, combined PEG10 inhibition and palbociclib overcame CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance. Furthermore, high PEG10 expression was significantly associated with a shorter recurrence-free survival (RFS) based on public mRNA expression data. In pre-CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment tissues, PEG10 positivity by IHC also showed a trend toward a shorter progression-free survival (PFS) with CDK4/6 inhibitor. These results support clinical relevance of PEG10 as a therapeutic target. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a novel PEG10-associated mechanism of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance. We propose PEG10 as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming PEG10-associated resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nar Bahadur Katuwal
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sil Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Mithun Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Sa Deok Hong
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Gyu Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyuk Sohn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei, University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Tae Hoen Kim
- Department of Pathology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-Si, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, 59 Yatap-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
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Wang T, Liu W, Shen Q, Tao R, Li C, Shen Q, Lin Y, Huang Y, Yang L, Xie G, Bai J, Li R, Wang L, Tao K, Yin Y. Combination of PARP inhibitor and CDK4/6 inhibitor modulates cGAS/STING-dependent therapy-induced senescence and provides "one-two punch" opportunity with anti-PD-L1 therapy in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4184-4201. [PMID: 37702298 PMCID: PMC10637067 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although PARP inhibitor (PARPi) has been proven to be a promising anticancer drug in cancer patients harboring BRCA1/2 mutation, it provides limited clinical benefit in colorectal cancer patients with a low prevalence of BRCA1/2 mutations. In our study, we found PARPi talazoparib significantly induced cellular senescence via inhibiting p53 ubiquitination and activating p21. Furthermore, CDK4/6i palbociclib amplified this therapy-induced senescence (TIS) in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, talazoparib and palbociclib combination induced senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and characterization of SASP components revealed type I interferon (IFN)-related mediators, which were amplified by cGAS/STING signaling. More importantly, RNA sequencing data indicated that combination therapy activated T cell signatures and combination treatment transformed the tumor microenvironment (TME) into a more antitumor state with increased CD8 T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and decreased macrophages and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs). Moreover, clearance of the TIS cells by αPD-L1 promoted survival in immunocompetent mouse colorectal cancer models. Collectively, we elucidated the synergistic antitumor and immunomodulatory mechanisms of the talazoparib-palbociclib combination. Further combination with PD-L1 antibody might be a promising "one-two punch" therapeutic strategy for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ruikang Tao
- Center for Biomolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of California Santa CruzSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chengguo Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yao Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yongzhou Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Gengchen Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ruidong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Lulu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics, School of PharmacyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuping Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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9
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Zhao S, Chen DP, Fu T, Yang JC, Ma D, Zhu XZ, Wang XX, Jiao YP, Jin X, Xiao Y, Xiao WX, Zhang HY, Lv H, Madabhushi A, Yang WT, Jiang YZ, Xu J, Shao ZM. Single-cell morphological and topological atlas reveals the ecosystem diversity of human breast cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6796. [PMID: 37880211 PMCID: PMC10600153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital pathology allows computerized analysis of tumor ecosystem using whole slide images (WSIs). Here, we present single-cell morphological and topological profiling (sc-MTOP) to characterize tumor ecosystem by extracting the features of nuclear morphology and intercellular spatial relationship for individual cells. We construct a single-cell atlas comprising 410 million cells from 637 breast cancer WSIs and dissect the phenotypic diversity within tumor, inflammatory and stroma cells respectively. Spatially-resolved analysis identifies recurrent micro-ecological modules representing locoregional multicellular structures and reveals four breast cancer ecotypes correlating with distinct molecular features and patient prognosis. Further analysis with multiomics data uncovers clinically relevant ecosystem features. High abundance of locally-aggregated inflammatory cells indicates immune-activated tumor microenvironment and favorable immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancers. Morphological intratumor heterogeneity of tumor nuclei correlates with cell cycle pathway activation and CDK inhibitors responsiveness in hormone receptor-positive cases. sc-MTOP enables using WSIs to characterize tumor ecosystems at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Pin Chen
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Cheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Zhi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xue Wang
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiao
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu-Yunlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lv
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wen-Tao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Liu W, Zhang R, Yu X, Zhang Y, Kang T, Liao D. CRISPR screen identifies GATAD1 as a synthetic lethal target with CDK4/6 inhibitors in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:267. [PMID: 37567972 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer represents approximately two-thirds of all breast cancers and has a sustained risk of late disease recurrence. Combining cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors with anti-estrogen therapies significantly improves ER+ advanced breast cancer clinical outcomes. Despite promising clinical outcomes, intrinsic or acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors has limited their success. We used CRISPR to screen MCF-7 cells to explore the targets whose inhibition is synthetic lethal with CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer cells. We found that GATA zinc finger domain containing 1 (GATAD1) is a new synthetic lethal target with CDK4/6 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, GATAD1 promotes cell proliferation by transcriptionally inhibiting p21 in ER+ breast cancer cells. GATAD1 depletion decreased the phosphorylation of CDK2/4 and RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1), inducing cell cycle arrest. P21 overexpression abolished the enhanced proliferation induced by GATAD1 overexpression. Our results identify GATAD1 as a therapeutic target in ER+ breast cancer, which is beneficial to provide a novel treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiebang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wu T, Yang Z, Chen W, Jiang M, Xiao Z, Su X, Jiao Z, Yu Y, Chen S, Song M, Yang A. miR-30e-5p-mediated FOXD1 promotes cell proliferation by blocking cellular senescence and apoptosis through p21/CDK2/Rb signaling in head and neck carcinoma. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:295. [PMID: 37563111 PMCID: PMC10415393 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) belongs to the FOX protein family, which has been found to function as a oncogene in multiple cancer types, but its role in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) requires further investigation. Our research aimed to investigate the function of FOXD1 in HNSCC. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that mRNA level of FOXD1 was highly expressed in HNSCC tissues, and over-expressed FOXD1 was related to poor prognosis. Moreover, FOXD1 knockdown increased the ratio of senescent cells but decreased the proliferation ability, while FOXD1 overexpression obtained the opposite results. In vitro experiments revealed that FOXD1 bound to the p21 promoter and inhibited its transcription, which blocked the cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2)/retinoblastoma (Rb) signaling pathway, thus preventing senescence and accelerating proliferation of tumor cells. CDK2 inhibitor could reverse the process to some extent. Further research has shown that miR-3oe-5p serves as a tumor suppressant by repressing the translation of FOXD1 through combining with the 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Thus, FOXD1 resists cellular senescence and facilitates HNSCC cell proliferation by affecting the expression of p21/CDK2/Rb signaling, suggesting that FOXD1 may be a potential curative target for HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Weichao Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mingjie Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhichao Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuan Su
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zan Jiao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Shuwei Chen
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Ming Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Ankui Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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12
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Yan C, Nebhan CA, Saleh N, Shattuck-Brandt R, Chen SC, Ayers GD, Weiss V, Richmond A, Vilgelm AE. Generation of Orthotopic Patient-Derived Xenografts in Humanized Mice for Evaluation of Emerging Targeted Therapies and Immunotherapy Combinations for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3695. [PMID: 37509357 PMCID: PMC10377652 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methodologies for developing PDX in humanized mice in preclinical trials with immune-based therapies are limited by GVHD. Here, we compared two approaches for establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice: (1) PDX are first established in immune-deficient mice; or (2) PDX are initially established in humanized mice; then established PDX are transplanted to a larger cohort of humanized mice for preclinical trials. With the first approach, there was rapid wasting of PDX-bearing humanized mice with high levels of activated T cells in the circulation and organs, indicating immune-mediated toxicity. In contrast, with the second approach, toxicity was less of an issue and long-term human melanoma tumor growth and maintenance of human chimerism was achieved. Preclinical trials from the second approach revealed that rigosertib, but not anti-PD-1, increased CD8/CD4 T cell ratios in spleen and blood and inhibited PDX tumor growth. Resistance to anti-PD-1 was associated with PDX tumors established from tumors with limited CD8+ T cell content. Our findings suggest that it is essential to carefully manage immune editing by first establishing PDX tumors in humanized mice before expanding PDX tumors into a larger cohort of humanized mice to evaluate therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Caroline A. Nebhan
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
| | - Rebecca Shattuck-Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Gregory D. Ayers
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (S.-C.C.); (G.D.A.)
| | - Vivian Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; (C.Y.); (N.S.); (R.S.-B.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37232, USA;
| | - Anna E. Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center—Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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13
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Zhou W, Wang W, Liang Y, Jiang R, Qiu F, Shao X, Liu Y, Fang L, Ni M, Yu C, Zhao Y, Huang W, Li J, Donovan MJ, Wang L, Ni J, Wang D, Fu T, Feng J, Wang X, Tan W, Fang X. The RNA-binding protein LRPPRC promotes resistance to CDK4/6 inhibition in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4212. [PMID: 37452037 PMCID: PMC10349134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors against Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) are promising cancer therapeutic drugs. However, their effects are limited by primary or acquired resistance in virtually all tumor types. Here, we demonstrate that Leucine Rich Pentatricopeptide Repeat Containing (LRPPRC) controls CDK4/6i response in lung cancer by forming a feedback loop with CDK6. LRPPRC binds to CDK6-mRNA, increasing the stability and expression of CDK6. CDK6 and its downstream E2F Transcription Factor 1 (E2F1), bind to the LRPPRC promoter and elevate LRPPRC transcription. The activation of the LRPPRC-CDK6 loop facilitates cell cycle G1/S transition, oxidative phosphorylation, and cancer stem cell generation. Gossypol acetate (GAA), a gynecological medicine that has been repurposed as a degrader of LRPPRC, enhances the CDK4/6i sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals a mechanism responsible for CDK4/6i resistance and provides an enlightening approach to investigating the combinations of CDK4/6 and LRPPRC inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China
| | - Yuxin Liang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ruibin Jiang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Fensheng Qiu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Xiying Shao
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Le Fang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China
| | - Maowei Ni
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Chenhuan Yu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Weijia Huang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Jiong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Massey Cancer Center, Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0540, USA
| | - Michael J Donovan
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Lina Wang
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Juan Ni
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Dachi Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Ting Fu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China.
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China.
| | - Xiaohong Fang
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, PR China.
- Beijing National Research Center for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
- School of Molecular Medicine, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China.
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14
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Ehrenfeld M, Segeth F, Mantwill K, Brockhaus C, Zhao Y, Ploner C, Kolk A, Gschwend JE, Nawroth R, Holm PS. Targeting Cell Cycle Facilitates E1A-Independent Adenoviral Replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0037023. [PMID: 37219458 PMCID: PMC10308897 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00370-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication of E1-deleted first-generation adenoviruses (AdV) in cultured cancer cells has been reported repeatedly and it was suggested that certain cellular proteins could functionally compensate for E1A, leading to the expression of the early region 2 (E2)-encoded proteins and subsequently virus replication. Referring to this, the observation was named E1A-like activity. In this study, we investigated different cell cycle inhibitors with respect to their ability to increase viral DNA replication of dl70-3, an E1-deleted adenovirus. Our analyses of this issue revealed that in particular inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 (CDK4/6i) increased E1-independent adenovirus E2-expression and viral DNA replication. Detailed analysis of the E2-expression in dl70-3 infected cells by RT-qPCR showed that the increase in E2-expression originated from the E2-early promoter. Mutations of the two E2F-binding sites in the E2-early promoter (pE2early-LucM) caused a significant reduction in E2-early promoter activity in trans-activation assays. Accordingly, mutations of the E2F-binding sites in the E2-early promoter in a virus named dl70-3/E2Fm completely abolished CDK4/6i induced viral DNA replication. Thus, our data show that E2F-binding sites in the E2-early promoter are crucial for E1A independent adenoviral DNA replication of E1-deleted vectors in cancer cells. IMPORTANCE E1-deleted AdV vectors are considered replication deficient and are important tools for the study of virus biology, gene therapy, and large-scale vaccine development. However, deletion of the E1 genes does not completely abolish viral DNA replication in cancer cells. Here, we report, that the two E2F-binding sites in the adenoviral E2-early promoter contribute substantially to the so-called E1A-like activity in tumor cells. With this finding, on the one hand, the safety profile of viral vaccine vectors can be increased and, on the other hand, the oncolytic property for cancer therapy might be improved through targeted manipulation of the host cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ehrenfeld
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Felicia Segeth
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Mantwill
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinna Brockhaus
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Ploner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jürgen E. Gschwend
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Nawroth
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Department of Urology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- XVir Therapeutics GmbH, Munich, Germany
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15
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Kumar A, Ramani V, Bharti V, de Lima Bellan D, Saleh N, Uzhachenko R, Shen C, Arteaga C, Richmond A, Reddy SM, Vilgelm A. Dendritic cell therapy augments antitumor immunity triggered by CDK4/6 inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade by unleashing systemic CD4 T-cell responses. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006019. [PMID: 37230537 PMCID: PMC10231009 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy are a mainstay treatment for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. While their principal mechanism is inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that CDK4/6i can also promote antitumor T-cell responses. However, this pro-immunogenic property is yet to be successfully harnessed in the clinic, as combining CDK4/6i with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has not shown a definitive benefit in patients. METHOD We performed an in-depth analysis of the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment and systemic immune modulation associated with CDK4/6i treatment in muring breast cancer models and in patients with breast cancer using high dimensional flow cytometry and RNA sequencing. Gain and loss of function in vivo experiments employing cell transfer and depletion antibody were performed to uncover immune cell populations critical for CDK4/6i-mediated stimulation of antitumor immunity. RESULTS We found that loss of dendritic cells (DCs) within the tumor microenvironment resulting from CDK4/6 inhibition in bone marrow progenitors is a major factor limiting antitumor immunity after CDK4/6i and ICB. Consequently, restoration of DC compartment by adoptively transferring ex vivo differentiated DCs to mice treated with CDK4/6i and ICB therapy enabled robust tumor inhibition. Mechanistically, the addition of DCs promoted the induction of tumor-localized and systemic CD4 T-cell responses in mice receiving CDK4/6i-ICB-DC combination therapy, as characterized by enrichment of programmed cell death protein-1-negative T helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells with an activated phenotype. CD4 T-cell depletion abrogated the antitumor benefit of CDK4/6i-ICB-DC combination, with outgrowing tumors displaying an increased proportion of terminally exhausted CD8 T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CDK4/6i-mediated DC suppression limits CD4 T-cell responses essential for the sustained activity of CD8 T cells and tumor inhibition. Furthermore, they imply that restoring DC-CD4 T-cell crosstalk via DC transfer enables effective breast cancer immunity in response to CDK4/6i and ICB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Vijay Ramani
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vijaya Bharti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Nabil Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Roman Uzhachenko
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chengli Shen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Carlos Arteaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sangeetha M Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anna Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, OSUCCC-James, Columbus, OH, USA
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16
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Merlini A, Pavese V, Manessi G, Rabino M, Tolomeo F, Aliberti S, D’Ambrosio L, Grignani G. Targeting cyclin-dependent kinases in sarcoma treatment: Current perspectives and future directions. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1095219. [PMID: 36741019 PMCID: PMC9893281 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1095219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of advanced/metastatic bone and soft tissue sarcomas still represents an unmet medical need. Recent advances in targeted therapies have highlighted the potential of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) inhibitors in several cancer types, including sarcomas. CDKs are master regulators of the cell cycle; their dysregulation is listed among the "hallmarks of cancer" and sarcomas are no exception to the rule. In this review, we report both the molecular basis, and the potential therapeutic implications for the use of CDK inhibitors in sarcoma treatment. What is more, we describe and discuss the possibility and biological rationale for combination therapies with conventional treatments, target therapy and immunotherapy, highlighting potential avenues for future research to integrate CDK inhibition in sarcoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Merlini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, IRCCS-FPO, Turin, Italy,Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Pavese
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Manessi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Rabino
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo D’Ambrosio
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy,Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Luigi Gonzaga, Turin, Italy,*Correspondence: Lorenzo D’Ambrosio,
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17
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Wu J, Wang W, Shao X, Lin G, Wang X. Facing the CDK4/6i resistance dilemma in patients with breast cancer, exploration of the resistance mechanism and possible reverse strategy: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32238. [PMID: 36595763 PMCID: PMC9794308 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the highest rates of malignancy of women, approximate 70% metastatic breast cancer are hormone receptor positive (HR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HER2-). Hormone therapy is the primary strategy of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer. With the permission of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), progress free survival and overall survival were significantly licensed. However, inevitable outcome of CDK4/6i resistance has become the main reason that restricts the clinical benefit of patients. In recent years, the research on dealing with drug resistance has become a hot topic, a large number of molecular mechanisms have been focused, and a lot of experiments have been carried out at the preclinical level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of CDK4/6i resistance mechanism, systematically expounds the signaling pathways and targets leading to CDK4/6i resistance, analyzes different ways and mechanisms, and provides theoretical guidance for the clinical reversal of endocrine therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiying Shao
- Department of Breast Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojia Wang, Department of Breast Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (e-mail: ) and Xiying Shao, Department of Breast Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (e-mail: )
| | - Guang Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojia Wang, Department of Breast Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (e-mail: ) and Xiying Shao, Department of Breast Medicine, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China (e-mail: )
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18
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Bharti V, Watkins R, Kumar A, Shattuck-Brandt RL, Mossing A, Mittra A, Shen C, Tsung A, Davies AE, Hanel W, Reneau JC, Chung C, Sizemore GM, Richmond A, Weiss VL, Vilgelm AE. BCL-xL inhibition potentiates cancer therapies by redirecting the outcome of p53 activation from senescence to apoptosis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111826. [PMID: 36543138 PMCID: PMC10030045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapies trigger diverse cellular responses, ranging from apoptotic death to acquisition of persistent therapy-refractory states such as senescence. Tipping the balance toward apoptosis could improve treatment outcomes regardless of therapeutic agent or malignancy. We find that inhibition of the mitochondrial protein BCL-xL increases the propensity of cancer cells to die after treatment with a broad array of oncology drugs, including mitotic inhibitors and chemotherapy. Functional precision oncology and omics analyses suggest that BCL-xL inhibition redirects the outcome of p53 transcriptional response from senescence to apoptosis, which likely occurs via caspase-dependent down-modulation of p21 and downstream cytostatic proteins. Consequently, addition of a BCL-2/xL inhibitor strongly improves melanoma response to the senescence-inducing drug targeting mitotic kinase Aurora kinase A (AURKA) in mice and patient-derived organoids. This study shows a crosstalk between the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and cell cycle regulation that can be targeted to augment therapeutic efficacy in cancers with wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Bharti
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Office 496, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Reese Watkins
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Office 496, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Office 496, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca L Shattuck-Brandt
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexis Mossing
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Arjun Mittra
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chengli Shen
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Allan Tsung
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alexander E Davies
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Walter Hanel
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John C Reneau
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catherine Chung
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Office 496, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gina M Sizemore
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vivian L Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna E Vilgelm
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Office 496, Columbus, OH, USA; The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center - Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Columbus, OH, USA.
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19
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Pang J, Li H, Sheng Y. CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance: A bibliometric analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:917707. [PMID: 36530984 PMCID: PMC9752919 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.917707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 4/6 inhibitors are a type of cell cycle regulation that prevents cell proliferation by blocking retinoblastoma protein (Rb) phosphorylation in the G1 to S phase transition. CDK 4/6 inhibitors are currently used mainly in patients with hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer in combination with endocrine therapy. However, primary or acquired resistance to drugs severely affect drug efficacy. Our study aims at summarizing and visualizing the current research direction and development trend of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance to provide clinicians and research power with a summary of the past and ideas for the future. METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed was searched for all included articles on CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance for bibliometric statistics and graph plotting. The metrological software and graphing tools used were R language version 4.2.0, Bibliometrix 4.0.0, Vosviewer 1.6.18, GraphPad Prism 9, and Microsoft Excel 2019. RESULTS A total of 1278 English-language articles related to CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance were included in the Web of Science core dataset from 1996-2022, with an annual growth rate of14.56%. In PubMed, a total of 1123 articles were counted in the statistics, with an annual growth rate of 17.41% Cancer Research is the most included journal (102/1278, 7.98%) with an impact factor of 13.312 and is the Q1 of the Oncology category of the Journal Citation Reports. Professor Malorni Luca from Italy is probably the most contributing author in the current field (Publications 21/1278, 1.64%), while Prof. Turner Nicholas C from the USA is perhaps the most authoritative new author in the field of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance (Total Citations2584, M-index 1.429). The main research efforts in this field are currently focused on Palbociclib and Abemaciclib. Studies on drug resistance mechanisms or post-drug resistance therapies focus on MEK inhibitors and related pathways, PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathways or inhibitors, EGFR-related pathways, EGFR inhibitors, TKI inhibitors, MAPK pathways and inhibitors, and so on. CONCLUSION This study provides researchers with a reliable basis and guidance for finding authoritative references, understanding research trends, and mining research neglect directions.
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20
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Traweek RS, Cope BM, Roland CL, Keung EZ, Nassif EF, Erstad DJ. Targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006959. [PMID: 36439412 PMCID: PMC9684653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is an aggressive adipogenic cancer with poor prognosis. DDLPS tumors are only modestly sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, and there is a need for more effective therapies. Genetically, DDLPS is characterized by a low tumor mutational burden and frequent chromosomal structural abnormalities including amplification of the 12q13-15 chromosomal region and the MDM2 gene, which are defining features of DDLPS. The MDM2 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the tumor suppressor, p53, for proteasomal degradation. MDM2 amplification or overexpression in human malignancies is associated with cell-cycle progression and worse prognosis. The MDM2-p53 interaction has thus garnered interest as a therapeutic target for DDLPS and other malignancies. MDM2 binds p53 via a hydrophobic protein interaction that is easily accessible with synthetic analogues. Multiple agents have been developed, including Nutlins such as RG7112 and small molecular inhibitors including SAR405838 and HDM201. Preclinical in vitro and animal models have shown promising results with MDM2 inhibition, resulting in robust p53 reactivation and cancer cell death. However, multiple early-phase clinical trials have failed to show a benefit with MDM2 pathway inhibition for DDLPS. Mechanisms of resistance are being elucidated, and novel inhibitors and combination therapies are currently under investigation. This review provides an overview of these strategies for targeting MDM2 in DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S. Traweek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brandon M. Cope
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Z. Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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21
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Paajanen J, Bueno R, De Rienzo A. The Rocky Road from Preclinical Findings to Successful Targeted Therapy in Pleural Mesothelioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13422. [PMID: 36362209 PMCID: PMC9658134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is a rare and aggressive disease that arises from the mesothelial cells lining the pleural cavity. Approximately 80% of PM patients have a history of asbestos exposure. The long latency period of 20-40 years from the time of asbestos exposure to diagnosis, suggests that multiple somatic genetic alterations are required for the tumorigenesis of PM. The genomic landscape of PM has been characterized by inter- and intratumor heterogeneity associated with the impairment of tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A, NF2, and BAP1. Current systemic therapies have shown only limited efficacy, and none is approved for patients with relapsed PM. Advances in understanding of the molecular landscape of PM has facilitated several biomarker-driven clinical trials but so far, no predictive biomarkers for targeted therapies are in clinical use. Recent advances in the PM genetics have provided optimism for successful molecular strategies in the future. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanism underlying PM pathogenesis and review potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raphael Bueno
- The Thoracic Surgery Oncology Laboratory and The International Mesothelioma Program, Division of Thoracic Surgery and the Lung Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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22
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Caksa S, Baqai U, Aplin AE. The future of targeted kinase inhibitors in melanoma. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108200. [PMID: 35513054 PMCID: PMC10187889 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a cancer of the pigment-producing cells of the body and its incidence is rising. Targeted inhibitors that act against kinases in the MAPK pathway are approved for BRAF-mutant metastatic cutaneous melanoma and increase patients' survival. Response to these therapies is limited by drug resistance and is less durable than with immune checkpoint inhibition. Conversely, rare melanoma subtypes have few therapeutic options for advanced disease and MAPK pathway targeting agents show minimal anti-tumor effects. Nevertheless, there is a future for targeted kinase inhibitors in melanoma: in new applications such as adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy and in novel combinations with immunotherapies or other targeted therapies. Pre-clinical studies continue to identify tumor dependencies and their corresponding actionable drug targets, paving the way for rational targeted kinase inhibitor combinations as a personalized medicine approach for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Caksa
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Usman Baqai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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23
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He L, Deng C. Recent advances in organotypic tissue slice cultures for anticancer drug development. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:5885-5896. [PMID: 36263166 PMCID: PMC9576528 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.78997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Organotypic tissue slice culture is established from animal or patient tissues and cultivated in an in vitro ecosystem. This technique has made countless contributions to anticancer drug development due to the vast number of advantages, such as the preservation of the cell repertoire and immune components, identification of invasive ability of tumors, toxicity determination of compounds, quick assessment of therapeutic efficacy, and high predictive performance of drug responses. Importantly, it serves as a reliable tool to stratify therapeutic responders from nonresponders and select the optimal standard-of-care treatment regimens for personalized medicine, which is expected to become a potent platform and even the gold standard for anticancer drug screening of individualization in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin He
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chuxia Deng
- Cancer Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,Centre for Precision Medicine Research and Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,MOE Frontier Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Chu-Xia Deng, Ph.D. Dean and Chair Professor, E12, Room 4041, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China. Phone: (853) 8822 4997; Fax: 8822 2314; E-mail:
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24
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Li J, Liu T, Song Y, Wang M, Liu L, Zhu H, Li Q, Lin J, Jiang H, Chen K, Zhao K, Wang M, Zhou H, Lin H, Luo C. Discovery of Small-Molecule Degraders of the CDK9-Cyclin T1 Complex for Targeting Transcriptional Addiction in Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11034-11057. [PMID: 35925880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant hyperactivation of cyclins results in carcinogenesis and therapy resistance in cancers. Direct degradation of the specific cyclin or cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin complex by small-molecule degraders remains a great challenge. Here, we applied the first application of hydrophobic tagging to induce degradation of CDK9-cyclin T1 heterodimer, which is required to keep productive transcription of oncogenes in cancers. LL-K9-3 was identified as a potent small-molecule degrader of CDK9-cyclin T1. Quantitative and time-resolved proteome profiling exhibited LL-K9-3 induced selective and synchronous degradation of CDK9 and cyclin T1. The expressions of androgen receptor (AR) and cMyc were reduced by LL-K9-3 in 22RV1 cells. LL-K9-3 exhibited enhanced anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects compared with its parental CDK9 inhibitor SNS032 and suppressed downstream signaling of CDK9 and AR more effectively than SNS032. Moreover, LL-K9-3 inhibited AR and Myc-driven oncogenic transcriptional programs and exerted stronger inhibitory effects on several intrinsic target genes of AR than the monomeric CDK9 PROTAC (Thal-SNS032).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Li
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yuanli Song
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liping Liu
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Li
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kehao Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of Analytical Chemistry and CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hua Lin
- The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China.,The Center for Chemical Biology, Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
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25
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Amplification of CDK4 and MDM2: a detailed study of a high-risk neuroblastoma subgroup. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12420. [PMID: 35859155 PMCID: PMC9300649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuroblastoma, MYCN amplification and 11q-deletion are important, although incomplete, markers of high-risk disease. It is therefore relevant to characterize additional alterations that can function as prognostic and/or predictive markers. Using SNP-microarrays, a group of neuroblastoma patients showing amplification of one or multiple 12q loci was identified. Two loci containing CDK4 and MDM2 were commonly co-amplified, although amplification of either locus in the absence of the other was observed. Pharmacological inhibition of CDK4/6 with ribociclib or abemaciclib decreased proliferation in a broad set of neuroblastoma cell lines, including CDK4/MDM2-amplified, whereas MDM2 inhibition by Nutlin-3a was only effective in p53wild-type cells. Combined CDK4/MDM2 targeting had an additive effect in p53wild-type cell lines, while no or negative additive effect was observed in p53mutated cells. Most 12q-amplified primary tumors were of abdominal origin, including those of intrarenal origin initially suspected of being Wilms' tumor. An atypical metastatic pattern was also observed with low degree of bone marrow involvement, favoring other sites such as the lungs. Here we present detailed biological data of an aggressive neuroblastoma subgroup hallmarked by 12q amplification and atypical clinical presentation for which our in vitro studies indicate that CDK4 and/or MDM2 inhibition also could be beneficial.
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26
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Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba inhibits the cellular proliferation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and triggers DNA damage through activation of p53 and p21. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:973-983. [PMID: 34754077 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the cell cycle and the resulting aberrant cellular proliferation has been highlighted as a hallmark of cancer. Certain traditional Chinese medicines can inhibit cancer growth by inducing cell cycle arrest. In this study we explore the effect of Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba on the cell cycle of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba-containing serum was prepared and then added to the cell culture medium. BrdU, comet, and FUCCI assays, western blot analysis and flow cytometry analysis revealed that Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba treatment significantly alters cell proliferation, DNA damage, and cell cycle distribution. Xenograft mouse model experiments were performed, confirming these in vitro findings in vivo. Treatment with Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba inhibited cell proliferation, promoted DNA damage, and arrested NPC cells progression from G1 to S phase. Further examination of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that treatment with Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba increased the expression of p53 and p21, while reducing that of CCND1, Phospho-Rb, E2F1, γH2AX, and Ki-67 both in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, the inhibition of p53 and p21 could abolish the promoting effect of Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba on the NPC cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, contributing to the proliferation of NPC cells. Hedyotis diffusae Herba-Andrographis Herba suppressed the tumor growth in vivo. Overall, these findings suggest that Hedyotis Diffusae Herba-Andrographis prevent the progression of NPC by inducing NPC cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase through a p53/p21-dependent mechanism, providing a novel potential therapeutic treatment against NPC.
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27
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Liu Z, Nan Y, Luo Q, Wu X, Liu S, Zhao P, Chang W, Zhou A. DLGAP1-AS2-Mediated Phosphatidic Acid Synthesis Activates YAP Signaling and Confers Chemoresistance in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2887-2903. [PMID: 35731019 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) constitute a group of human malignancies that originate from the squamous epithelium. Most SCC patients experience treatment failure and relapse and have a poor prognosis due to de novo and acquired resistance to first-line chemotherapeutic agents. To identify chemoresistance mechanisms and explore novel targets for chemosensitization, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of paired resistant and parental SCC cells. We identified DLGAP1 antisense RNA 2 (D-AS2) as a crucial noncoding RNA that contributes to chemoresistance in SCC. Mechanistically, D-AS2 affected chromatin accessibility around the histone mark H3K27ac of FAM3 metabolism regulating signaling molecule D (FAM3D), reducing FAM3D mRNA transcription and extracellular protein secretion. FAM3D interacted with the Gαi-coupled G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and FPR2 to suppress phospholipase D (PLD) activity, and reduced FAM3D increased PLD signaling. Moreover, activated PLD promoted phosphatidic acid (PA) production and subsequent nuclear translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP). Accordingly, in vivo administration of a D-AS2-targeting antisense oligonucleotide sensitized SCC to cisplatin treatment. In summary, this study shows that D-AS2/FAM3D-mediated PLD/PA lipid signaling is essential for SCC chemoresistance, suggesting D-AS2 can be targeted to sensitize SCC to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yabing Nan
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyu Luo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shi Liu
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Chang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Zhou
- National Cancer Center / National Clinical Research Center for Cancer / Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK6 are critical mediators of cellular transition into S phase and are important for the initiation, growth and survival of many cancer types. Pharmacological inhibitors of CDK4/6 have rapidly become a new standard of care for patients with advanced hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. As expected, CDK4/6 inhibitors arrest sensitive tumour cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. However, the effects of CDK4/6 inhibition are far more wide-reaching. New insights into their mechanisms of action have triggered identification of new therapeutic opportunities, including the development of novel combination regimens, expanded application to a broader range of cancers and use as supportive care to ameliorate the toxic effects of other therapies. Exploring these new opportunities in the clinic is an urgent priority, which in many cases has not been adequately addressed. Here, we provide a framework for conceptualizing the activity of CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer and explain how this framework might shape the future clinical development of these agents. We also discuss the biological underpinnings of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance, an increasingly common challenge in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shom Goel
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Johann S Bergholz
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jean J Zhao
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Rampioni Vinciguerra GL, Sonego M, Segatto I, Dall’Acqua A, Vecchione A, Baldassarre G, Belletti B. CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Combination Therapies: Better in Company Than Alone: A Mini Review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:891580. [PMID: 35712501 PMCID: PMC9197541 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.891580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin D-CDK4/6 complexes play a pivotal role in controlling the cell cycle. Deregulation in cyclin D-CDK4/6 pathway has been described in many types of cancer and it invariably leads to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Many efforts have been made to develop a target therapy able to inhibit CDK4/6 activity. To date, three selective CDK4/6 small inhibitors have been introduced in the clinic for the treatment of hormone positive advanced breast cancer patients, following the impressive results obtained in phase III clinical trials. However, since their approval, clinical evidences have demonstrated that about 30% of breast cancer is intrinsically resistant to CDK4/6 inhibitors and that prolonged treatment eventually leads to acquired resistance in many patients. So, on one hand, clinical and preclinical studies fully support to go beyond breast cancer and expand the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in other tumor types; on the other hand, the question of primary and secondary resistance has to be taken into account, since it is now very clear that neoplastic cells rapidly develop adaptive strategies under treatment, eventually resulting in disease progression. Resistance mechanisms so far discovered involve both cell-cycle and non-cell-cycle related escape strategies. Full understanding is yet to be achieved but many different pathways that, if targeted, may lead to reversion of the resistant phenotype, have been already elucidated. Here, we aim to summarize the knowledge in this field, focusing on predictive biomarkers, to recognize intrinsically resistant tumors, and therapeutic strategies, to overcome acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Luca Rampioni Vinciguerra
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Maura Sonego
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Ilenia Segatto
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dall’Acqua
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Barbara Belletti,
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30
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Fröhlich LM, Makino E, Sinnberg T, Schittek B. Enhanced Expression of p21 Promotes Sensitivity of Melanoma Cells Towards Targeted Therapies. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1243-1252. [PMID: 35514255 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma patients benefit from the approved targeted BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) therapy. Despite the great progress in the therapeutic approach to combat metastatic melanoma, fast emerging drug resistance in patients limits its long-term efficacy. In this study we aimed to unravel the role of the p53 target gene CDKN1A/p21 in the response of melanoma cells towards BRAFi. We show that p53 activation increases BRAFi sensitivity in a synergistic manner exclusively in cells with a high expression of CDKN1A/p21. In a similar way high expression of p21 was associated with a better response towards the mouse double minute 2 inhibitor (MDM2i) compared to those with low p21 expression. Indeed, p21 knockdown decreased the sensitivity towards both targeted therapies. The results indicate that the sensitivity of melanoma cells towards targeted therapies (BRAFi and MDM2i) is dependent on the p21 protein level in the cells. In addition to that, we found that p53 negatively regulates p73 expression, however, p73 seems not to have an influence on p53 expression. These findings offer new potential strategies for the treatment improvement of melanoma patients with high basal p21 levels with BRAFi by increasing treatment efficacy using combination therapies with p53 activating substances, which are able to further increase p21 expression levels. Furthermore, the data suggest that the expression and induction level of p21 could be used as a predictive biomarker in melanoma patients to forecast the outcome of a treatment with p53 activating substances and BRAFi. All in all, this manuscript shows the distinct roles and of the p53 family members and its impact on melanoma therapy. In the future, individualized treatment regimens based on p21 basal and induction levels could benefit melanoma patients with limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Marie Fröhlich
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elena Makino
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Division of Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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31
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Qi J, Ouyang Z. Targeting CDK4/6 for Anticancer Therapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:685. [PMID: 35327487 PMCID: PMC8945444 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) are key regulators of the cell cycle and are deemed as critical therapeutic targets of multiple cancers. Various approaches have been applied to silence CDK4/6 at different levels, i.e., CRISPR to knock out at the DNA level, siRNA to inhibit translation, and drugs that target the protein of interest. Here we summarize the current status in this field, highlighting the mechanisms of small molecular inhibitors treatment and drug resistance. We describe approaches to combat drug resistance, including combination therapy and PROTACs drugs that degrade the kinases. Finally, critical issues and perspectives in the field are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Qi
- The Second Clinical College, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China;
| | - Zhuqing Ouyang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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32
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Therapeutic potential of CDK4/6 inhibitors in renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:305-320. [PMID: 35264774 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of advanced and metastatic kidney cancer has entered a golden era with the addition of more therapeutic options, improved survival and new targeted therapies. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade have all been shown to be promising strategies in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, little is known about the best therapeutic approach for individual patients with RCC and how to combat therapeutic resistance. Cancers, including RCC, rely on sustained replicative potential. The cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 are involved in cell-cycle regulation with additional roles in metabolism, immunogenicity and antitumour immune response. Inhibitors of CDK4 and CDK6 are now commonly used as approved and investigative treatments in breast cancer, as well as several other tumours. Furthermore, CDK4/6 inhibitors have been shown to work synergistically with other kinase inhibitors, including mTOR inhibitors, as well as with immune checkpoint inhibitors in preclinical cancer models. The effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors in kidney cancer is relatively understudied compared with other cancers, but the preclinical studies available are promising. Collectively, growing evidence suggests that targeting CDK4 and CDK6 in kidney cancer, alone and in combination with current therapeutics including mTOR and immune checkpoint inhibitors, might have therapeutic benefit and should be further explored.
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33
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Xie Z, Hou S, Yang X, Duan Y, Han J, Wang Q, Liao C. Lessons Learned from Past Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Drug Discovery Efforts. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6356-6389. [PMID: 35235745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) has become an effective therapeutic strategy for treating various diseases, especially cancer. Over almost three decades, although great efforts have been made to discover CDK inhibitors, many of which have entered clinical trials, only four CDK inhibitors have been approved. In the process of CDK inhibitor development, many difficulties and misunderstandings have hampered their discovery and clinical applications, which mainly include inadequate understanding of the biological functions of CDKs, less attention paid to pan- and multi-CDK inhibitors, nonideal isoform selectivity of developed selective CDK inhibitors, overlooking the metabolic stability of early discovered CDK inhibitors, no effective resistance solutions, and a lack of available combination therapy and effective biomarkers for CDK therapies. After reviewing the mechanisms of CDKs and the research progress of CDK inhibitors, this perspective summarizes and discusses these difficulties or lessons, hoping to facilitate the successful discovery of more useful CDK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Shuzeng Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology─Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, P. R. China
| | - Chenzhong Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Engineering, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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Bing JA, Schley ND, Johnston JN. Fluorine-induced diastereodivergence discovered in an equally rare enantioselective syn-aza-Henry reaction. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2614-2623. [PMID: 35356677 PMCID: PMC8890141 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05910f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention to the aza-Henry reaction, particularly over the past two decades, has resulted in a wide range of effective catalysts for the enantio- and diastereoselective versions, driven by the versatility of the β-amino nitroalkane products as precursors to secondary amines and vic-diamines. Despite this broad effort, syn-diastereoselective variants are exceedingly rare. We have discovered a subset of α-fluoro nitroalkane additions that are characterized by an unusual crossover in diastereoselection, often delivering the products with high selectivities. We report here a rigorous comparative analysis of non-fluorinated and α-fluoro nitroalkanes in their additions to azomethines. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis were applied to probe the possibility that this phenomenon might be more widely operative in the enantioselective additions of fluorine-substituted carbon nucleophiles. A complete correlation within four categories is described that uncovered a clear trend, while revealing a dramatic and distinct reversal of diastereoselection that would normally go undetected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade A Bing
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235-1822 USA
| | - Nathan D Schley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235-1822 USA
| | - Jeffrey N Johnston
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Nashville Tennessee 37235-1822 USA
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35
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Xie Y, Zhang J, Li M, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zheng Y, Lai W. Identification of Lactate-Related Gene Signature for Prediction of Progression and Immunotherapeutic Response in Skin Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:818868. [PMID: 35265521 PMCID: PMC8898832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.818868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a skin cancer type characterized by a high degree of immune cell infiltration. The potential function of lactate, a main metabolic product in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of SKCM, remains unclear. In this study, we systemically analyzed the predictive value of lactate-related genes (LRGs) for prognosis and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in SKCM patients included from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cluster 3, by consensus clustering for 61 LRGs, manifested a worse clinical outcome, attributed to the overexpression of malignancy marks. In addition, we created a prognostic prediction model for high- and low-risk patients and verified its performance in a validation cohort, GSE65904. Between TME and the risk model, we found a negative relation of the immunocyte infiltration levels with patients’ risk scores. The low-risk cases had higher ICI expression and could benefit better from ICIs relative to the high-risk cases. Thus, the lactate-related prognosis risk signature may comprehensively provide a basis for future investigations on immunotherapeutic treatment for SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yue Zheng
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Yue Zheng,
| | - Wei Lai
- *Correspondence: Wei Lai, ; Yue Zheng,
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36
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Johnson BE, Creason AL, Stommel JM, Keck JM, Parmar S, Betts CB, Blucher A, Boniface C, Bucher E, Burlingame E, Camp T, Chin K, Eng J, Estabrook J, Feiler HS, Heskett MB, Hu Z, Kolodzie A, Kong BL, Labrie M, Lee J, Leyshock P, Mitri S, Patterson J, Riesterer JL, Sivagnanam S, Somers J, Sudar D, Thibault G, Weeder BR, Zheng C, Nan X, Thompson RF, Heiser LM, Spellman PT, Thomas G, Demir E, Chang YH, Coussens LM, Guimaraes AR, Corless C, Goecks J, Bergan R, Mitri Z, Mills GB, Gray JW. An omic and multidimensional spatial atlas from serial biopsies of an evolving metastatic breast cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100525. [PMID: 35243422 PMCID: PMC8861971 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and vulnerability evolve in metastatic cancers as tumor cells and extrinsic microenvironmental influences change during treatment. To support the development of methods for identifying these mechanisms in individual people, here we present an omic and multidimensional spatial (OMS) atlas generated from four serial biopsies of an individual with metastatic breast cancer during 3.5 years of therapy. This resource links detailed, longitudinal clinical metadata that includes treatment times and doses, anatomic imaging, and blood-based response measurements to clinical and exploratory analyses, which includes comprehensive DNA, RNA, and protein profiles; images of multiplexed immunostaining; and 2- and 3-dimensional scanning electron micrographs. These data report aspects of heterogeneity and evolution of the cancer genome, signaling pathways, immune microenvironment, cellular composition and organization, and ultrastructure. We present illustrative examples of how integrative analyses of these data reveal potential mechanisms of response and resistance and suggest novel therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett E. Johnson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Allison L. Creason
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jayne M. Stommel
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jamie M. Keck
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Swapnil Parmar
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Courtney B. Betts
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Aurora Blucher
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Boniface
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Erik Burlingame
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Todd Camp
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Koei Chin
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer Eng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph Estabrook
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Heidi S. Feiler
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Michael B. Heskett
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Zhi Hu
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Annette Kolodzie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ben L. Kong
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Marilyne Labrie
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jinho Lee
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Patrick Leyshock
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Souraya Mitri
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Janice Patterson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Diagnostic Laboratories, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jessica L. Riesterer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Multiscale Microscopy Core, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shamilene Sivagnanam
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Julia Somers
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Damir Sudar
- Quantitative Imaging Systems LLC, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Weeder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christina Zheng
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Reid F. Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Paul T. Spellman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - George Thomas
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Emek Demir
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Lisa M. Coussens
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Alexander R. Guimaraes
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Christopher Corless
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeremy Goecks
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Raymond Bergan
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zahi Mitri
- Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gordon B. Mills
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joe W. Gray
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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37
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Cetin B, Wabl CA, Gumusay O. CDK4/6 inhibitors: mechanisms of resistance and potential biomarkers of responsiveness in breast cancer. Future Oncol 2022; 18:1143-1157. [PMID: 35137602 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative tumors represent the most common form of metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and endocrine therapy has been the mainstay treatment for several decades. Recently, a novel drug class called CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapy have remarkably improved the outcome of patients with HR-positive, HER2-negative MBC by targeting the cell cycle machinery and overcoming aspects of endocrine resistance. Several potential cell-cycle-specific and nonspecific mechanisms of resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors have been reported in recent studies. This review discusses potential resistance mechanisms to CDK4/6 inhibitors, the use of biomarkers to guide treatment for HR-positive, HER2-negative MBC and possible approaches to overcome resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Cetin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Suleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, 32260, Turkey
| | - Chiara A Wabl
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ozge Gumusay
- University of California Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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38
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Abemaciclib in patients with p16ink4A-deficient mesothelioma (MiST2): a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:374-381. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4 and CDK6) and their activating partners, D-type cyclins, link the extracellular environment with the core cell cycle machinery. Constitutive activation of cyclin D–CDK4/6 represents the driving force of tumorigenesis in several cancer types. Small-molecule inhibitors of CDK4/6 have been used with great success in the treatment of hormone receptor–positive breast cancers and are in clinical trials for many other tumor types. Unexpectedly, recent work indicates that inhibition of CDK4/6 affects a wide range of cellular functions such as tumor cell metabolism and antitumor immunity. We discuss how recent advances in understanding CDK4/6 biology are opening new avenues for the future use of cyclin D–CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Piotr Sicinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Pandey K, Katuwal NB, Park N, Hur J, Cho YB, Kim SK, Lee SA, Kim I, Lee SR, Moon YW. Combination of Abemaciclib following Eribulin Overcomes Palbociclib-Resistant Breast Cancer by Inhibiting the G2/M Cell Cycle Phase. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:210. [PMID: 35008374 PMCID: PMC8750394 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cancer burden among women worldwide. Acquired resistance of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors occurs in almost all hormone receptor (HR)-positive subtype cases, comprising 70% of breast cancers, although CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy are highly effective. CDK4/6 inhibitors are not expected to cooperate with cytotoxic chemotherapy based on the basic cytotoxic chemotherapy mode of action that inhibits rapidly proliferating cells. The palbociclib-resistant preclinical model developed in the current study investigated whether the combination of abemaciclib, CDK4/6 inhibitor with eribulin, an antimitotic chemotherapy could be a strategy to overcome palbociclib-resistant HR-positive breast cancer. The current study demonstrated that sequential abemaciclib treatment following eribulin synergistically suppressed CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant cells by inhibiting the G2/M cell cycle phase more effectively. The current study showed the significant association of the pole-like kinase 1 (PLK1) level and palbociclib resistance. Moreover, the cumulative PLK1 inhibition in the G2/M phase by each eribulin or abemaciclib proved to be a mechanism of the synergistic effect. The synergistic antitumor effect was also supported by in vivo study. The sequential combination of abemaciclib following eribulin merits further clinical trials to overcome resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Pandey
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (K.P.); (N.B.K.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (Y.B.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Nar Bahadur Katuwal
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (K.P.); (N.B.K.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (Y.B.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Nahee Park
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (K.P.); (N.B.K.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Jin Hur
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (K.P.); (N.B.K.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (Y.B.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, CHA University, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Young Bin Cho
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (K.P.); (N.B.K.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (Y.B.C.)
| | - Seung Ki Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (S.K.K.); (S.A.L.); (I.K.)
| | - Seung Ah Lee
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (S.K.K.); (S.A.L.); (I.K.)
| | - Isaac Kim
- Department of Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (S.K.K.); (S.A.L.); (I.K.)
| | - Seung-Ryeol Lee
- Department of Urology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Yong Wha Moon
- Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea; (K.P.); (N.B.K.); (N.P.); (J.H.); (Y.B.C.)
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41
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Haronikova L, Bonczek O, Zatloukalova P, Kokas-Zavadil F, Kucerikova M, Coates PJ, Fahraeus R, Vojtesek B. Resistance mechanisms to inhibitors of p53-MDM2 interactions in cancer therapy: can we overcome them? Cell Mol Biol Lett 2021; 26:53. [PMID: 34911439 PMCID: PMC8903693 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first MDM2 inhibitors, we have gained deeper insights into the cellular roles of MDM2 and p53. In this review, we focus on MDM2 inhibitors that bind to the p53-binding domain of MDM2 and aim to disrupt the binding of MDM2 to p53. We describe the basic mechanism of action of these MDM2 inhibitors, such as nutlin-3a, summarise the determinants of sensitivity to MDM2 inhibition from p53-dependent and p53-independent points of view and discuss the problems with innate and acquired resistance to MDM2 inhibition. Despite progress in MDM2 inhibitor design and ongoing clinical trials, their broad use in cancer treatment is not fulfilling expectations in heterogenous human cancers. We assess the MDM2 inhibitor types in clinical trials and provide an overview of possible sources of resistance to MDM2 inhibition, underlining the need for patient stratification based on these aspects to gain better clinical responses, including the use of combination therapies for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Haronikova
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Bonczek
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, 901 87, Umea, Vasterbotten, Sweden
| | - Pavlina Zatloukalova
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kokas-Zavadil
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kucerikova
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Robin Fahraeus
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, 901 87, Umea, Vasterbotten, Sweden
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Portman N, Chen J, Lim E. MDM2 as a Rational Target for Intervention in CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistant, Hormone Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:777867. [PMID: 34804982 PMCID: PMC8596371 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.777867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the adoption of inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy as standard of care for the treatment of advanced and metastatic estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer, the search is now on for novel therapeutic options to manage the disease after the inevitable development of resistance to CDK4/6i. In this review we will consider the integral role that the p53/MDM2 axis plays in the interactions between CDK4/6, ERα, and inhibitors of these molecules, the current preclinical evidence for the efficacy of MDM2 inhibitors in ER+ breast cancer, and discuss the possibility of targeting the p53/MDM2 via inhibition of MDM2 in the CDK4/6i resistance setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Portman
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia Chen
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
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43
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Scheidemann ER, Shajahan-Haq AN. Resistance to CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12292. [PMID: 34830174 PMCID: PMC8625090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is the most common form of breast cancer. Antiestrogens were the first therapy aimed at treating this subtype, but resistance to these warranted the development of a new treatment option. CDK4/6 inhibitors address this problem by halting cell cycle progression in ER+ cells, and have proven to be successful in the clinic. Unfortunately, both intrinsic and acquired resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors are common. Numerous mechanisms of how resistance occurs have been identified to date, including the activation of prominent growth signaling pathways, the loss of tumor-suppressive genes, and noncanonical cell cycle function. Many of these have been successfully targeted and demonstrate the ability to overcome resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in preclinical and clinical trials. Future studies should focus on the development of biomarkers so that patients likely to be resistant to CDK4/6 inhibition can initially be given alternative methods of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayesha N. Shajahan-Haq
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA;
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Pennycook BR, Barr AR. Palbociclib-mediated cell cycle arrest can occur in the absence of the CDK inhibitors p21 and p27. Open Biol 2021; 11:210125. [PMID: 34784791 PMCID: PMC8596008 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of a wide range of cancers is an area of ongoing investigation. Despite their increasing clinical use, there is limited understanding of the determinants of sensitivity and resistance to these drugs. Recent data have cast doubt on how CDK4/6 inhibitors arrest proliferation, provoking renewed interest in the role(s) of CDK4/6 in driving cell proliferation. As the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer therapies becomes more prominent, an understanding of their effect on the cell cycle becomes more urgent. Here, we investigate the mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors in promoting cell cycle arrest. Two main models explain how CDK4/6 inhibitors cause G1 cell cycle arrest, which differ in their dependence on the CDK inhibitor proteins p21 and p27. We have used live and fixed single-cell quantitative imaging, with inducible degradation systems, to address the roles of p21 and p27 in the mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors. We find that CDK4/6 inhibitors can initiate and maintain a cell cycle arrest without p21 or p27. This work clarifies our current understanding of the mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors and has implications for cancer treatment and patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betheney R. Pennycook
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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45
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Prasanna PG, Citrin DE, Hildesheim J, Ahmed MM, Venkatachalam S, Riscuta G, Xi D, Zheng G, van Deursen J, Goronzy J, Kron SJ, Anscher MS, Sharpless NE, Campisi J, Brown SL, Niedernhofer LJ, O’Loghlen A, Georgakilas AG, Paris F, Gius D, Gewirtz DA, Schmitt CA, Abazeed ME, Kirkland JL, Richmond A, Romesser PB, Lowe SW, Gil J, Mendonca MS, Burma S, Zhou D, Coleman CN. Therapy-Induced Senescence: Opportunities to Improve Anticancer Therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:1285-1298. [PMID: 33792717 PMCID: PMC8486333 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an essential tumor suppressive mechanism that prevents the propagation of oncogenically activated, genetically unstable, and/or damaged cells. Induction of tumor cell senescence is also one of the underlying mechanisms by which cancer therapies exert antitumor activity. However, an increasing body of evidence from preclinical studies demonstrates that radiation and chemotherapy cause accumulation of senescent cells (SnCs) both in tumor and normal tissue. SnCs in tumors can, paradoxically, promote tumor relapse, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, in part, through expression of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. In addition, SnCs in normal tissue can contribute to certain radiation- and chemotherapy-induced side effects. Because of its multiple roles, cellular senescence could serve as an important target in the fight against cancer. This commentary provides a summary of the discussion at the National Cancer Institute Workshop on Radiation, Senescence, and Cancer (August 10-11, 2020, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD) regarding the current status of senescence research, heterogeneity of therapy-induced senescence, current status of senotherapeutics and molecular biomarkers, a concept of "one-two punch" cancer therapy (consisting of therapeutics to induce tumor cell senescence followed by selective clearance of SnCs), and its integration with personalized adaptive tumor therapy. It also identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines future directions in this emerging field to improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dan Xi
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Jorg Goronzy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ana O’Loghlen
- Epigenetics & Cellular Senescence Group; Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Francois Paris
- Universite de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - David Gius
- University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Mohamed E Abazeed
- Johannes Kepler University, 4020, Linz, Austria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann Richmond
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Veterans Affairs, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paul B Romesser
- Translational Research Division, Department of Radiation Oncology and Early Drug Development Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesus Gil
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 ONN, UK
| | - Marc S Mendonca
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Biochemistry & Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daohong Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Adon T, Shanmugarajan D, Kumar HY. CDK4/6 inhibitors: a brief overview and prospective research directions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29227-29246. [PMID: 35479560 PMCID: PMC9040853 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and their mechanism in regulating the cell cycle process was considered a game-changer in cancer therapy. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were both triggered by their inhibition. The CDK4/6 complex acts as a checkpoint during the cell cycle transition from cell growth (G1) to DNA synthesis (S) phase and its deregulation or overexpression induces abnormal cell proliferation and cancer development. Consequently, targeting CDK4/6 has been proposed as a paradigm shift in the anticancer approach. The design and development of effective CDK4/6 inhibitors are increasingly becoming a promising cancer therapy evident with approved drugs such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, etc. In this article, we explore the biological importance of CDK4/6 in cancer therapy, the development of resistance to monotherapy, and a short overview of PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera), a unique and pioneering technique for degrading CDK4/6 enzymes. Overall, our prime focus is to discuss novel CDK4/6 inhibitors with diverse chemical classes and their correlation with computational studies. The discovery of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and their mechanism in regulating the cell cycle process was considered a game-changer in cancer therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Adon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar Mysuru-570015 Karnataka India +919726447802
| | - Dhivya Shanmugarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar Mysuru-570015 Karnataka India +919726447802
| | - Honnavalli Yogish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar Mysuru-570015 Karnataka India +919726447802
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Li C, Wang C. LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs: underlying molecular alterations and potential therapeutic strategies. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 22:633-646. [PMID: 34414699 PMCID: PMC8377580 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial stromal tumors (ESTs) include endometrial stromal nodule (ESN), low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LG-ESS), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HG-ESS), and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Since these are rare tumor types, there is an unmet clinical need for the systematic therapy of advanced LG-ESS or HG-ESS. Cytogenetic and molecular advances in ESTs have shown that multiple recurrent gene fusions are present in a large proportion of LG-ESSs, and HG-ESSs are identified by the tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon (YWHAE)-family with sequence similarity 22 (FAM22) fusion. Recently, a group of ESSs harboring both zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 7B (ZC3H7B)-B-cell lymphoma 6 corepressor(BCOR) fusion and internal tandem duplication (ITD) of the BCOR gene have been provisionally classified as HG-ESSs. In this review, we firstly describe current knowledge about the molecular characteristics of recurrent aberrant proteins and their roles in the tumorigenesis of LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs. Next, we summarize the possibly shared signal pathways in the tumorigenesis of LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs, and list potentially actionable targets. Finally, based on the above discussion, we propose a few promising therapeutic strategies for LG-ESSs and HG-ESSs with recurrent gene alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Quality Management Office, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Chunhong Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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Zhang Y, He L, Huang L, Yao S, Lin N, Li P, Xu H, Wu X, Xu J, Lu Y, Li Y, Zhu S. Oncogenic PAX6 elicits CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance by epigenetically inactivating the LATS2-Hippo signaling pathway. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e503. [PMID: 34459131 PMCID: PMC8382979 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors hinders their clinical utility in cancer treatment. Furthermore, the predictive markers of CDK4/6 inhibitors in gastric cancer (GC) remain incompletely described. Here, we found that PAX6 expression was negatively correlated with the response to palbociclib in vitro and in vivo in GC. We observed that the PAX6 expression level was negatively correlated with the overall survival of GC patients and further showed that PAX6 can promote GC cell proliferation and the cell cycle. The cell cycle is regulated by the interaction of cyclins with their partner serine/threonine cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and the G1/S-phase transition is the main target of CDK4/6 inhibitors. Therefore, we tested whether PAX6 expression was correlated with the GC response to palbociclib. We found that PAX6 hypermethylates the promoter of LATS2 and inactivates the Hippo pathway, which upregulates cyclin D1 (CCND1) expression. This results in a suppressed response to palbociclib in GC. Furthermore, we found that the induction of the Hippo signaling pathway or treatment with a DNA methylation inhibitor could overcome PAX6-induced palbociclib resistance in GC. These findings uncover a tumor promoter function of PAX6 in GC and establish overexpressed PAX6 as a mechanism of resistance to palbociclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510630China
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.600 Tian he RoadGuangzhou510630China
- Department of Hepatic surgery, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510080China
| | - Long‐Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.651 Dongfeng Road EastGuangzhou510060China
| | - Lin‐Lin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510630China
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical
SciencesNo.106 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510080China
| | - Sheng Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.600 Tian he RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Hui‐Wen Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xi‐Wen Wu
- Department of Hepatic surgery, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jian‐Liang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.600 Tian he RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.600 Tian he RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yan‐Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, the Third Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.600 Tian he RoadGuangzhou510630China
| | - Sen‐Lin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, the First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNo.58 Zhongshan 2nd RoadGuangzhou510630China
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Abstract
The introduction of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CKIs) has marked a major development in the standard treatment of advanced breast cancer. Extensive preclinical, translational and clinical research efforts into CKI agents are ongoing, and clinical application of this class of systemic anti-cancer therapy is anticipated to expand beyond metastatic breast cancer treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that mechanisms by which CKI agents exert their therapeutic effect transcend their initially expected impacts on cell cycle control into the realms of cancer immunology and metabolism. The recent expansion in our understanding of the multifaceted impact of CKIs on tumour biology has the potential to improve clinical study design, therapeutic strategies and ultimately patient outcomes. This review contextualises the current status of CKI therapy by providing an overview of the original and emerging insights into mechanisms of action and the evidence behind their current routine use in breast cancer management. Recent preclinical and clinical studies into CKIs across tumour types are discussed, including a synthesis of the more than 300 clinical trials of CKI-combination treatments registered as of November 2020. Key challenges and opportunities anticipated in the 2020s are explored, including treatment resistance, combination therapy strategies and potential biomarker development.
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NRAS mutant melanoma: Towards better therapies. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 99:102238. [PMID: 34098219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations affecting RAS proteins are commonly found in human cancers. Roughly a fourth of melanoma patients carry activating NRAS mutations, rendering this malignancy particularly challenging to treat. Although the development of targeted as well as immunotherapies led to a substantial improvement in the overall survival of non-NRASmut melanoma patients (e.g. BRAFmut), patients with NRASmut melanomas have an overall poorer prognosis due to the high aggressiveness of RASmut tumors, lack of efficient targeted therapies or rapidly emerging resistance to existing treatments. Understanding how NRAS-driven melanomas develop therapy resistance by maintaining cell cycle progression and survival is crucial to develop more effective and specific treatments for this group of melanoma patients. In this review, we provide an updated summary of currently available therapeutic options for NRASmut melanoma patients with a focus on combined inhibition of MAPK signaling and CDK4/6-driven cell cycle progression and mechanisms of the inevitably developing resistance to these treatments. We conclude with an outlook on the most promising novel therapeutic approaches for melanoma patients with constitutively active NRAS. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: An estimated 75000 patients are affected by NRASmut melanoma each year and these patients still have a shorter progression-free survival than BRAFmut melanomas. Both intrinsic and acquired resistance occur in NRAS-driven melanomas once treated with single or combined targeted therapies involving MAPK and CDK4/6 inhibitors and/or checkpoint inhibiting immunotherapy. Oncolytic viruses, mRNA-based vaccinations, as well as targeted triple-agent therapy are promising alternatives, which could soon contribute to improved progression-free survival of the NRASmut melanoma patient group.
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