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Broomfield BJ, Groom JR. Defining the niche for stem-like CD8 + T cell formation and function. Curr Opin Immunol 2024; 89:102454. [PMID: 39154521 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2024.102454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
TCF-1+ CD8+ T cell populations have emerged as critical determinants for long-lived immunological memory. This cell population has stem-like properties and is implicated in improved disease outcomes by driving sustained killing of infected cells and maintaining the immune-cancer equilibrium. During an immune response, several factors, including antigen deposition and affinity, the inflammatory milieu, and T cell priming dynamics, aggregate to skew CD8+ T cell differentiation. Although these mechanisms are altered between acute and chronic disease settings, phenotypically similar stem-like TCF-1+ CD8+ T cell states are formed in each of these settings. Here, we characterize the specialized microenvironments within lymph nodes and the tumor microenvironment, which foster the generation or re-activation of stem-like TCF-1+ CD8+ T cell populations. We highlight the potential for targeting the stem-like CD8+ T cell niche to enhance vaccination and cancer immunotherapy and to track the trajectory of stem-like CD8+ T cells as biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Broomfield
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Joanna R Groom
- Division of Immunology, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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2
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Drzeniek NM, Kahwaji N, Picht S, Dimitriou IM, Schlickeiser S, Moradian H, Geissler S, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Gossen M, Volk HD. In Vitro Transcribed mRNA Immunogenicity Induces Chemokine-Mediated Lymphocyte Recruitment and Can Be Gradually Tailored by Uridine Modification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308447. [PMID: 38491873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Beyond SARS-CoV2 vaccines, mRNA drugs are being explored to overcome today's greatest healthcare burdens, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. Synthetic mRNA triggers immune responses in transfected cells, which can be reduced by chemically modified nucleotides. However, the side effects of mRNA-triggered immune activation on cell function and how different nucleotides, such as the N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) used in SARS-CoV2 vaccines, can modulate cellular responses is not fully understood. Here, cellular responses toward a library of uridine-modified mRNAs are investigated in primary human cells. Targeted proteomics analyses reveal that unmodified mRNA induces a pro-inflammatory paracrine pattern marked by the secretion of chemokines, which recruit T and B lymphocytes toward transfected cells. Importantly, the magnitude of mRNA-induced changes in cell function varies quantitatively between unmodified, Ψ-, m1Ψ-, and 5moU-modified mRNA and can be gradually tailored, with implications for deliberately exploiting this effect in mRNA drug design. Indeed, both the immunosuppressive effect of stromal cells on T-cell proliferation, and the anti-inflammatory effect of IL-10 mRNA are enhanced by appropriate uridine modification. The results provide new insights into the effects of mRNA drugs on cell function and cell-cell communication and open new possibilities to tailor mRNA-triggered immune activation to the desired pro- or anti-inflammatory application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman M Drzeniek
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nourhan Kahwaji
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samira Picht
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT; graduate school 203 of the German Excellence Initiative), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioanna Maria Dimitriou
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT; graduate school 203 of the German Excellence Initiative), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Schlickeiser
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- CheckImmune GmbH, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanieh Moradian
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI), Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schmueck-Henneresse
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Gossen
- Institute of Active Polymers, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Kantstraße 55, 14513, Teltow, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Föhrer Straße 15, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- CheckImmune GmbH, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Center for Advanced Therapies (BeCAT), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Wang J, Ouyang X, Zhu W, Yi Q, Zhong J. The Role of CXCL11 and its Receptors in Cancer: Prospective but Challenging Clinical Targets. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241241162. [PMID: 38533911 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241241162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokine ligand 11 is a member of the CXC chemokine family and exerts its biological function mainly through binding to CXCR3 and CXCR7. The CXCL11 gene is ubiquitously overexpressed in various human malignant tumors; however, its specific mechanisms vary among different cancer types. Recent studies have found that CXCL11 is involved in the activation of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways and is closely related to tumorigenesis, progression, chemotherapy tolerance, immunotherapy efficacy, and poor prognosis. Depending on the specific expression of its receptor subtype, CXCL11 also has a complex 2-fold role in tumours; therefore, directly targeting the structure-function of CXCL11 and its receptors may be a challenging task. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of CXCL11 and its receptors and their roles in various types of malignant tumors and point out the directions for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xinting Ouyang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weijian Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Zhong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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4
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Grahn A, Coleman JA, Eriksson Y, Gabrielsson S, Madsen JS, Tham E, Thomas K, Turney B, Uhlén P, Vollmer T, Zieger K, Osther PJS, Brehmer M. Consultation on UTUC II Stockholm 2022: diagnostic and prognostic methods-what's around the corner? World J Urol 2023; 41:3405-3411. [PMID: 37725130 PMCID: PMC10693501 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To map current literature and provide an overview of upcoming future diagnostic and prognostic methods for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), including translational medical science. METHODS A scoping review approach was applied to search the literature. Based on the published literature, and the experts own experience and opinions consensus was reached through discussions at the meeting Consultation on UTUC II in Stockholm, September 2022. RESULTS The gene mutational profile of UTUC correlates with stage, grade, prognosis, and response to different therapeutic strategies. Analysis of pathway proteins downstream of known pathogenic mutations might be an alternative approach. Liquid biopsies of cell-free DNA may detect UTUC with a higher sensitivity and specificity than urinary cytology. Extracellular vesicles from tumour cells can be detected in urine and may be used to identify the location of the urothelial carcinoma in the urinary tract. 3D microscopy of UTUC samples may add information in the analysis of tumour stage. Chemokines and chemokine receptors were linked to overall survival and responsiveness to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer, which is potentially also of interest in UTUC. CONCLUSION Current diagnostic methods for UTUC have shortcomings, especially concerning prognostication, which is important for personalized treatment decisions. There are several upcoming methods that may be of interest for UTUC. Most have been studied for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, and it is important to keep in mind that UTUC is a different entity and not all methods are adaptable or applicable to UTUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grahn
- Division of Urology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Surgery/Urology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill-Cornell University Medical College, New York, USA
| | | | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Departments of Medicine, and Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Emma Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kay Thomas
- Guy's Stone Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ben Turney
- Department of Urology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Per Uhlén
- Deptartment of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tino Vollmer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Zieger
- Department of Urology, Lillebælt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Palle Jörn Sloth Osther
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Center, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Marianne Brehmer
- Departments of Urology and Clinical Sciences, Stockholm South General Hospital Stockholm, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Brehmer M, Osther P. Consultation on UTUC Stockholm 2022. World J Urol 2023; 41:3393-3394. [PMID: 37989789 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Brehmer
- Department of Urology, South General Hospital, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Department of Cinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Palle Osther
- Department of Urology, Urological Research Center, Lillebælt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Vejle, Denmark
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6
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Wang Y, Song Y, Qin C, Zhang C, Du Y, Xu T. Three versus four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2281654. [PMID: 37963224 PMCID: PMC10871138 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2281654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The optimal cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of three and four cycles of NAC in the treatment of MIBC through a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant studies were systematically collected and reviewed in PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science Databases, and the Cochrane Library. Relative ratios (RRs), Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate outcome measures. Studies comparing the pathological response and prognosis of three versus four cycles of NAC for MIBC were included. RESULTS Five studies were included in this meta-analysis, including 2190 patients, of whom 1016 underwent three cycles of NAC and 1174 underwent four cycles of NAC. All studies were retrospective cohort studies. We found that 4 cycles of NAC had significantly better cancer-specific survival than 3 cycles (HR = 1.31, 95%CI,1.03-1.67, p = 0.029). There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients who received 3 and 4 cycles of chemotherapy (HR = 1.18, 95%CI = 0.83-1.69, p = 0.345). Similarly, no significant difference was observed in pathological objective response (RR = 0.95, 95%CI= 0.81-1.11, p = 0.515) and complete response rates (RR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.69-1.11, p = 0.256) in MIBC after 3 or 4 cycles of NAC. CONCLUSIONS Three and four cycles of NAC had similar pathological responses and prognosis for MIBC, although the cancer-specific survival rate of four cycles was better than that of three cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Wang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Caipeng Qin
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Du
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Urology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
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Goubet AG, Rouanne M, Derosa L, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. From mucosal infection to successful cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:682-700. [PMID: 37433926 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00784-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The clinical management of advanced malignancies of the upper and lower urinary tract has been revolutionized with the advent of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs). ICBs reinstate or bolster pre-existing immune responses while creating new T cell specificities. Immunogenic cancers, which tend to benefit more from immunotherapy than cold tumours, harbour tumour-specific neoantigens, often associated with a high tumour mutational burden, as well as CD8+ T cell infiltrates and ectopic lymphoid structures. The identification of beneficial non-self tumour antigens and natural adjuvants is the focus of current investigation. Moreover, growing evidence suggests that urinary or intestinal commensals, BCG and uropathogenic Escherichia coli influence long-term responses in patients with kidney or bladder cancer treated with ICBs. Bacteria infecting urothelium could be a prominent target for T follicular helper cells and B cells, linking innate and cognate CD8+ memory responses. In the urinary tract, commensal flora differ between healthy and tumoural mucosae. Although antibiotics can affect the prognosis of urinary tract malignancies, bacteria can have a major influence on cancer immunosurveillance. Beyond their role as biomarkers, immune responses against uropathogenic commensals could be harnessed for the design of future immunoadjuvants that can be advantageously combined with ICBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gaëlle Goubet
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Rouanne
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée - Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicetre, France.
- Center of Clinical Investigations for In Situ Biotherapies of Cancer (BIOTHERIS) INSERM, CIC1428, Villejuif, France.
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Ma Z, Li Z, Mao Y, Ye J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wei C, Cui J, Liu Z, Liang X. AhR diminishes the efficacy of chemotherapy via suppressing STING dependent type-I interferon in bladder cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5415. [PMID: 37670034 PMCID: PMC10480448 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The induction of type-I interferons (IFN-Is) is important for the efficacy of chemotherapy. By investigating the role of amino acids in regulation of IFN-I production under chemo-drug treatment in bladder cancer (BC) cells, we find an inherent AhR-dependent negative feedback to restrain STING signaling and IFN-I production. Mechanistically, in a ligand dependent manner, AhR bridges STING and CUL4B/RBX1 E3 ligase complex, facilitating STING degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Inhibition of AhR increases STING levels and reduces tumor growth under cisplatin or STING agonist treatment. Endogenous AhR ligands are mainly consisted of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites; dietary Trp restriction, blocking the key Trp metabolism rate-limiting enzyme IDO1 or inhibition of cellular Trp importation also show similar effect as AhR inhibition. Clinically, BC patients with higher intratumoral expression of AhR or stronger intratumoral Trp metabolism (higher IDO1 or Kyn levels) that lead to higher AhR activation show worse response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Yize Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zefu Liu
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wei
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Gansu Hospital, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, P. R. China.
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9
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Schwarzova L, Varchulova Novakova Z, Danisovic L, Ziaran S. Molecular classification of urothelial bladder carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7867-7877. [PMID: 37525073 PMCID: PMC10460735 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial bladder carcinoma (UC) ranks among the top ten most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide on an annual basis. The standardized classification system for urothelial bladder tumors is the Tumor, Node, Metastasis classification, which reflects differences between non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC) and it depends on the extent to which tumor has infiltrated the bladder wall and other tissues and organs. NMIBC and MIBC exhibit great intrinsic heterogeneity regarding different prognoses, survival, progression, and treatment outcomes. In recent years, studies based on mRNA expression profiling revealed the existence of biologically relevant molecular subtypes of UC, which show variant molecular features that can provide more precise stratification of UC patients. Here, we present a complex classification of UC based on mRNA expression studies and molecular subtypes of NMIBC and MIBC in detail with regard to different mRNA expression profiles, mutational signatures, and infiltration by non-tumor cells. The possible impact of molecular subtyping on treatment decisions and patients' outcomes is outlined, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Schwarzova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Varchulova Novakova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stanislav Ziaran
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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10
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Font A, Domenech M, Ramirez JL, Marqués M, Benítez R, Ruiz de Porras V, Gago JL, Carrato C, Sant F, Lopez H, Castellano D, Malats N, Calle ML, Real FX. Predictive signature of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer integrating mRNA expression, taxonomic subtypes, and clinicopathological features. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1155244. [PMID: 37588099 PMCID: PMC10426739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1155244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by cystectomy is the standard of care in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Pathological response has been associated with longer survival, but no currently available clinicopathological variables can identify patients likely to respond, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers. We sought to identify a predictive signature of response to NAC integrating clinical score, taxonomic subtype, and gene expression. Material and methods From 1994 to 2014, pre-treatment tumor samples were collected from MIBC patients (stage T2-4N0/+M0) at two Spanish hospitals. A clinical score was determined based on stage, hydronephrosis and histology. Taxonomic subtypes (BASQ, luminal, and mixed) were identified by immunohistochemistry. A custom set of 41 genes involved in DNA damage repair and immune response was analyzed in 84 patients with the NanoString nCounter platform. Genes related to pathological response were identified by LASSO penalized logistic regression. NAC consisted of cisplatin/methotrexate/vinblastine until 2000, after which most patients received cisplatin/gemcitabine. The capacity of the integrated signature to predict pathological response was assessed with AUC. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results LASSO selected eight genes to be included in the signature (RAD51, IFNγ, CHEK1, CXCL9, c-MET, KRT14, HERC2, FOXA1). The highest predictive accuracy was observed with the inclusion in the model of only three genes (RAD51, IFNɣ, CHEK1). The integrated clinical-taxonomic-gene expression signature including these three genes had a higher predictive ability (AUC=0.71) than only clinical score plus taxonomic subtype (AUC=0.58) or clinical score alone (AUC=0.56). This integrated signature was also significantly associated with OS (p=0.02) and DSS (p=0.02). Conclusions We have identified a predictive signature for response to NAC in MIBC patients that integrates the expression of three genes with clinicopathological characteristics and taxonomic subtypes. Prospective studies to validate these results are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Font
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Domenech
- Medical Oncology Department, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez
- Hematology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Lymphoid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Miriam Marqués
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Benítez
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Gago
- Urology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Sant
- Pathology Department, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Hector Lopez
- Urology Department, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Luz Calle
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Technology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X. Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Cancer Network (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Pan M, Wei X, Xiang X, Liu Y, Zhou Q, Yang W. Targeting CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis: an important component of tumor-promoting and antitumor immunity. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:2306-2320. [PMID: 37076663 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03126-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are chemotactic-competent molecules composed of a family of small cytokines, playing a key role in regulating tumor progression. The roles of chemokines in antitumor immune responses are of great interest. CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 are important members of chemokines. It has been widely investigated that these three chemokines can bind to their common receptor CXCR3 and regulate the differentiation, migration, and tumor infiltration of immune cells, directly or indirectly affecting tumor growth and metastasis. Here, we summarize the mechanism of how the CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis affects the tumor microenvironment, and list the latest researches to find out how this axis predicts the prognosis of different cancers. In addition, immunotherapy improves the survival of tumor patients, but some patients show drug resistance. Studies have found that the regulation of CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 on the tumor microenvironment is involved in the process of changing immunotherapy resistance. Here we also describe new approaches to restoring sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors through the CXCL9/10/11-CXCR3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Xuan Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China
| | - Weibing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, China.
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12
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Moreno Ayala MA, Campbell TF, Zhang C, Dahan N, Bockman A, Prakash V, Feng L, Sher T, DuPage M. CXCR3 expression in regulatory T cells drives interactions with type I dendritic cells in tumors to restrict CD8 + T cell antitumor immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:1613-1630.e5. [PMID: 37392735 PMCID: PMC10752240 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Infiltration of regulatory T (Treg) cells, an immunosuppressive population of CD4+ T cells, into solid cancers represents a barrier to cancer immunotherapy. Chemokine receptors are critical for Treg cell recruitment and cell-cell interactions in inflamed tissues, including cancer, and thus are an ideal therapeutic target. Here, we show in multiple cancer models that CXCR3+ Treg cells were increased in tumors compared with lymphoid tissues, exhibited an activated phenotype, and interacted preferentially with CXCL9-producing BATF3+ dendritic cells (DCs). Genetic ablation of CXCR3 in Treg cells disrupted DC1-Treg cell interactions and concomitantly increased DC-CD8+ T cell interactions. Mechanistically, CXCR3 ablation in Treg cells increased tumor antigen-specific cross-presentation by DC1s, increasing CD8+ T cell priming and reactivation in tumors. This ultimately impaired tumor progression, especially in combination with anti-PD-1 checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Overall, CXCR3 is shown to be a critical chemokine receptor for Treg cell accumulation and immune suppression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela A Moreno Ayala
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Timothy F Campbell
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Noa Dahan
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Alissa Bockman
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Varsha Prakash
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lawrence Feng
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Theo Sher
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michel DuPage
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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13
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Montero-Hidalgo AJ, Pérez-Gómez JM, Martínez-Fuentes AJ, Gómez-Gómez E, Gahete MD, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Luque RM. Alternative splicing in bladder cancer: potential strategies for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2023; 14:e1760. [PMID: 36063028 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract worldwide. The therapeutic options to tackle this disease comprise surgery, intravesical or systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Unfortunately, a wide number of patients ultimately become resistant to these treatments and develop aggressive metastatic disease, presenting a poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to tackle this devastating pathology is urgently needed. However, a significant limitation is that the progression and drug response of bladder cancer is strongly associated with its intrinsic molecular heterogeneity. In this sense, RNA splicing is recently gaining importance as a critical hallmark of cancer since can have a significant clinical value. In fact, a profound dysregulation of the splicing process has been reported in bladder cancer, especially in the expression of certain key splicing variants and circular RNAs with a potential clinical value as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets in this pathology. Indeed, some authors have already evidenced a profound antitumor effect by targeting some splicing factors (e.g., PTBP1), mRNA splicing variants (e.g., PKM2, HYAL4-v1), and circular RNAs (e.g., circITCH, circMYLK), which illustrates new possibilities to significantly improve the management of this pathology. This review represents the first detailed overview of the splicing process and its alterations in bladder cancer, and highlights opportunities for the development of novel diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and their clinical potential for the treatment of this devastating cancer type. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio J Montero-Hidalgo
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Antonio J Martínez-Fuentes
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Cordoba, 14004, Spain
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14
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Chalfant V, Blute ML, Silberstein P. Treatment trends of muscle invasive bladder cancer: Evidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, 1988 to 2013. Asian J Urol 2023; 10:9-18. [PMID: 36721688 PMCID: PMC9875153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Guidelines for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) recommend that patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radical cystectomy as treatment over radical cystectomy alone. Though trends and practice patterns of MIBC have been defined using the National Cancer Database, data using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program have been poorly described. Methods Using the SEER database, we collected data of MIBC according to the American Joint Commission on Cancer. We considered differences in patient demographics and tumor characteristics based on three treatment groups: chemotherapy (both adjuvant and neoadjuvant) with radical cystectomy, radical cystectomy, and chemoradiotherapy. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to compare likelihood ratios. Temporal trends were included for each treatment group. Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to compare cause-specific survival. A Cox proportional-hazards model was utilized to describe predictors of survival. Results Of 16 728 patients, 10 468 patients received radical cystectomy alone, 3236 received chemotherapy with radical cystectomy, and 3024 received chemoradiotherapy. Patients who received chemoradiotherapy over radical cystectomy were older and more likely to be African American; stage III patients tended to be divorced. Patients who received chemotherapy with radical cystectomy tended to be males; stage II patients were less likely to be Asian than Caucasian. Stage III patients were less likely to receive chemoradiotherapy as a treatment option than stage II. Chemotherapy with radical cystectomy and chemoradiotherapy are both underutilized treatment options, though increasingly utilized. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed significant differences between stage II and III tumors at each interval. A Cox proportional-hazards model showed differences in gender, tumor stage, treatment modality, age, and marital status. Conclusion Radical cystectomy alone is still the most commonly used treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on temporal trends. Significant disparities exist in those who receive radical cystectomy over chemoradiotherapy for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chalfant
- Urology at CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA,Corresponding author.
| | - Michael L. Blute
- Urology at CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Peter Silberstein
- Hematology Oncology at CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
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15
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang S, Ni H, Zhao P, Chen G, Xu B, Yuan L. The role of CXCR3 and its ligands in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022688. [PMID: 36479091 PMCID: PMC9720144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a class of small cytokines or signaling proteins that are secreted by cells. Owing to their ability to induce directional chemotaxis of nearby responding cells, they are called chemotactic cytokines. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have now been shown to influence many cellular functions, including survival, adhesion, invasion, and proliferation, and regulate chemokine levels. Most malignant tumors express one or more chemokine receptors. The CXC subgroup of chemokine receptors, CXCR3, is mainly expressed on the surface of activated T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, and plays an essential role in infection, autoimmune diseases, and tumor immunity by binding to specific receptors on target cell membranes to induce targeted migration and immune responses. It is vital to treat infections, autoimmune diseases, and tumors. CXCR3 and its ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, are closely associated with the development and progression of many tumors. With the elucidation of its mechanism of action, CXCR3 is expected to become a new indicator for evaluating the prognosis of patients with tumors and a new target for clinical tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the significance and mechanism of action of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its specific ligands in tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Ni
- Department of Surgery, Henan No.3 Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benling Xu
- Department of Immunotherapy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Roussot N, Ghiringhelli F, Rébé C. Tumor Immunogenic Cell Death as a Mediator of Intratumor CD8 T-Cell Recruitment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223672. [PMID: 36429101 PMCID: PMC9688834 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of anticancer treatments relies on a long-term response which can be mediated by the immune system. Thus, the concept of immunogenic cell death (ICD) describes the capacity of dying cancer cells, under chemotherapy or physical stress, to express or release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). These DAMPs are essential to activate dendritic cells (DCs) and to stimulate an antigen presentation to CD8 cytotoxic cells. Then, activated CD8 T cells exert their antitumor effects through cytotoxic molecules, an effect which is transitory due to the establishment of a feedback loop leading to T-cell exhaustion. This phenomenon can be reversed using immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), such as anti-PD-1, PD-L1 or CTLA-4 Abs. However, the blockade of these checkpoints is efficient only if the CD8 T cells are recruited within the tumor. The CD8 T-cell chemoattraction is mediated by chemokines. Hence, an important question is whether the ICD can not only influence the DC activation and resulting CD8 T-cell activation but can also favor the chemokine production at the tumor site, thus triggering their recruitment. This is the aim of this review, in which we will decipher the role of some chemokines (and their specific receptors), shown to be released during ICD, on the CD8 T-cell recruitment and antitumor response. We will also analyze the clinical applications of these chemokines as predictive or prognostic markers or as new targets which should be used to improve patients' response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Roussot
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Genetic and Immunology Medical Institute, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.R.)
| | - Cédric Rébé
- Cancer Biology Transfer Platform, Centre Georges-François Leclerc, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche INSERM LNC-UMR1231, F-21000 Dijon, France
- UFR Sciences de Santé, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (C.R.)
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Mbituyimana B, Ma G, Shi Z, Yang G. Polymeric microneedles for enhanced drug delivery in cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213151. [PMID: 36244246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have attracted the interest of researchers. Polymeric MNs offer tremendous promise as drug delivery vehicles for bio-applications because of their high loading capacity, strong patient adherence, excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, low toxicity, and extremely cheap cost. Incorporating enhanced-property nanomaterials into polymeric MNs matrix increases their features such as better mechanical strength, sustained drug delivery, lower toxicity, and higher therapeutic effects, therefore considerably increasing their biomedical application. This paper discusses polymeric MN fabrication techniques and the present status of polymeric MNs as a delivery method for enhanced drug delivery in cancer therapeutic applications. Furthermore, the opportunities and challenges of polymeric MNs for improved drug delivery in cancer therapy are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bricard Mbituyimana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangrui Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhijun Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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18
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Pan S, Li S, Zhan Y, Chen X, Sun M, Liu X, Wu B, Li Z, Liu B. Immune status for monitoring and treatment of bladder cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963877. [PMID: 36159866 PMCID: PMC9492838 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The high recurrence rate of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (BC) and poor prognosis of advanced BC are therapeutic challenges that need to be solved. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) perfusion was the pioneer immunotherapy for early BC, and the discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors has created a new chapter in the treatment of advanced BC. The benefit of immunotherapy is highly anticipated, but its effectiveness still needs to be improved. In this review, we collated and analysed the currently available information and explored the mechaisms by which the internal immune imbalance of BC leads to tumour progression. The relationship between immunity and progression and the prognosis of BC has been explored through tests using body fluids such as blood and urine. These analytical tests have attempted to identify specific immuyne cells and cytokines to predict treatment outcomes and recurrence. The diversity and proportion of immune and matrix cells in BC determine the heterogeneity and immune status of tumours. The role and classification of immune cells have also been redefined, e.g., CD4 cells having recognised cytotoxicity in BC. Type 2 immunity, including that mediated by M2 macrophages, Th2 cells, and interleukin (IL)-13, plays an important role in the recurrence and progression of BC. Pathological fibrosis, activated by type 2 immunity and cancer cells, enhances the rate of cancer progression and irreversibility. Elucidating the immune status of BC and clarifying the mechanisms of action of different cells in the tumour microenvironment is the research direction to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Pan
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunhong Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bitian Liu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Bitian Liu, ;
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Conde M, Frew IJ. Therapeutic significance of ARID1A mutation in bladder cancer. Neoplasia 2022; 31:100814. [PMID: 35750014 PMCID: PMC9234250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) develops from the tissues of the urinary bladder and is responsible for nearly 200,000 deaths annually. This review aims to integrate knowledge of recently discovered functions of the chromatin remodelling tumour suppressor protein ARID1A in bladder urothelial carcinoma with a focus on highlighting potential new avenues for the development of personalised therapies for ARID1A mutant bladder tumours. ARID1A is a component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex and functions to control many important biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, DNA damage repair (DDR), cell cycle control, regulation of the tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer immunity. ARID1A mutation is emerging as a truncal driver mutation that underlies the development of a sub-set of urothelial carcinomas, in cooperation with other driver mutations, to cause dysregulation of a number of key cellular processes. These processes represent tumour drivers but also represent potentially attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Conde
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ian J Frew
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Signalling Research Centre BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
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20
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Sjödahl G, Abrahamsson J, Bernardo C, Eriksson P, Höglund M, Liedberg F. Molecular Subtypes as a Basis for Stratified Use of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer-A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1692. [PMID: 35406463 PMCID: PMC8996989 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There are no established biomarkers to guide patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Recent studies suggest that molecular subtype classification holds promise for predicting chemotherapy response and/or survival benefit in this setting. Here, we summarize and discuss the scientific literature examining transcriptomic or panel-based molecular subtyping applied to neoadjuvant chemotherapy-treated patient cohorts. We find that there is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the basal subtype of muscle-invasive bladder cancer responds well to chemotherapy, since only a minority of studies support this conclusion. More evidence indicates that luminal-like subtypes may have the most improved outcomes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There are also conflicting data concerning the association between biopsy stromal content and response. Subtypes indicative of high stromal infiltration responded well in some studies and poorly in others. Uncertainties when interpreting the current literature include a lack of reporting both response and survival outcomes and the inherent risk of bias in retrospective study designs. Taken together, available studies suggest a role for molecular subtyping in stratifying patients for receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The precise classification system that best captures such a predictive effect, and the exact subtypes for which other treatment options are more beneficial remains to be established, preferably in prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gottfrid Sjödahl
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö and Department of Urology Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, 21421 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Abrahamsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö and Department of Urology Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, 21421 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carina Bernardo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Eriksson
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Mattias Höglund
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Scheelevägen 2, 22381 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Liedberg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö and Department of Urology Skåne University Hospital, Jan Waldenströms gata 5, 21421 Malmö, Sweden
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21
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Yang X, Lv J, Zhou Z, Feng D, Zhou R, Yuan B, Wu Q, Yu H, Han J, Cao Q, Gu M, Li P, Yang H, Lu Q. Clinical Application of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Endothelial Cells in Predicting Bladder Cancer Prognosis and Neoadjuvant Chemosensitivity. Front Oncol 2022; 11:802188. [PMID: 35186716 PMCID: PMC8851236 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.802188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the role of circulating rare cells (CRCs), namely, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating endothelial cells (CECs), in aiding early intervention, treatment decision, and prognostication in bladder cancer. Methods A total of 196 patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer, namely, 141 non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and 55 muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) patients. There were 32 patients who received cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by radical cystectomy (RC). Subtraction enrichment combined with immunostaining-fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH) strategy was used for CTC/CEC detection. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to discriminate NAC sensitivity. Results CTCs and CECs were related to clinicopathological characteristics. Triploid CTCs, tetraploid CTCs, and total CECs were found to be higher in incipient patients than in relapse patients (P = 0.036, P = 0.019, and P = 0.025, respectively). The number of total CECs and large cell CECs was also associated with advanced tumor stage (P = 0.028 and P = 0.033) and grade (P = 0.028 and P = 0.041). Remarkably, tumor-biomarker-positive CTCs were associated with worse OS and RFS (P = 0.026 and P = 0.038) in NMIBC patients underwent TURBT. CECs cluster was an independent predictor of recurrence in non-high-risk NMIBC patients underwent TURBT (HR = 9.21, P = 0.040). For NAC analysis, pre-NAC tetraploid CTCs and small cell CTCs demonstrated the capability in discriminating NAC-sensitive from insensitive patients. Additionally, tetraploid CTCs and single CTCs elevated post-NAC would indicate chemoresistance. Conclusion CTCs and CECs may putatively guide in diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and therapeutic decision-making for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiancheng Lv
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dexiang Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baorui Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qikai Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengchao Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiwei Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Upregulation of IFNɣ-mediated chemokines dominate the immune transcriptome of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:716. [PMID: 35027623 PMCID: PMC8758674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor inflammation is prognostically significant in high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To identify inflammation-associated immune gene expression patterns, we performed transcriptomic profiling of 40 MIBC archival tumors using the NanoString nCounter Human v.1.1 PanCancer Panel. Findings were validated using the TCGA MIBC dataset. Unsupervised and supervised clustering identified a distinctive immune-related gene expression profile for inflammation, characterized by significant upregulation of 149 genes, particularly chemokines, a subset of which also had potential prognostic utility. Some of the most enriched biological processes were lymphocyte activation and proliferation, leukocyte adhesion and migration, antigen processing and presentation and cellular response to IFN-γ. Upregulation of numerous IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, class II MHC molecules and immune checkpoint genes was detected as part of the complex immune response to MIBC. Further, B-cell markers linked to tertiary lymphoid structures were upregulated, which in turn is predictive of tumor response to immunotherapy and favorable outcome. Our findings of both an overall activated immune profıle and immunosuppressive microenvironment provide novel insights into the complex immune milieu of MIBC with inflammation and supports its clinical significance for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic responsiveness, which warrants further investigation. This may open novel opportunities to identify mechanisms for developing new immunotherapeutic strategies.
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23
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Vollmer T, Stegmayr B. Establishing Cell Models to Understand Cellular Toxicity: Lessons Learned from an Unconventional Cell Type. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010054. [PMID: 35051031 PMCID: PMC8779380 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The syndrome of uremic toxicity comprises a complex toxic milieu in-vivo, as numerous uremic substances accumulate and harm the organ systems. Among these substances, toxic and non-toxic players differently interfere with human cells. However, results from animal experiments are not always compatible with the expected reactions in human patients and studies on one organ system are limited in capturing the complexity of the uremic situation. In this narrative review, we present aspects relevant for cellular toxicity research based on our previous establishment of a human spermatozoa-based cell model, as follows: (i) applicability to compare the effects of more than 100 uremic substances, (ii) detection of the protective effects of uremic substances by the cellular responses towards the uremic milieu, (iii) inclusion of the drug milieu for cellular function, and (iv) transferability for clinical application, e.g., hemodialysis. Our technique allows the estimation of cell viability, vitality, and physiological state, not only restricted to acute or chronic kidney toxicity but also for other conditions, such as intoxications of unknown substances. The cellular models can clarify molecular mechanisms of action of toxins related to human physiology and therapy. Identification of uremic toxins retained during acute and chronic kidney injury enables further research on the removal or degradation of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Vollmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden;
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernd Stegmayr
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden;
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24
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Marquez S, Babrak L, Greiff V, Hoehn KB, Lees WD, Luning Prak ET, Miho E, Rosenfeld AM, Schramm CA, Stervbo U. Adaptive Immune Receptor Repertoire (AIRR) Community Guide to Repertoire Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2453:297-316. [PMID: 35622333 PMCID: PMC9761518 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2115-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune receptor repertoires (AIRRs) are rich with information that can be mined for insights into the workings of the immune system. Gene usage, CDR3 properties, clonal lineage structure, and sequence diversity are all capable of revealing the dynamic immune response to perturbation by disease, vaccination, or other interventions. Here we focus on a conceptual introduction to the many aspects of repertoire analysis and orient the reader toward the uses and advantages of each. Along the way, we note some of the many software tools that have been developed for these investigations and link the ideas discussed to chapters on methods provided elsewhere in this volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Marquez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lmar Babrak
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth B Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William D Lees
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enkelejda Miho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics, School of Life Sciences, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Muttenz, Switzerland
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- aiNET GmbH, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chaim A Schramm
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Immunology, and Transplantation, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
- Immundiagnostik, Marien Hospital Herne, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Herne, Germany.
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25
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Budimir N, Thomas GD, Dolina JS, Salek-Ardakani S. Reversing T-cell Exhaustion in Cancer: Lessons Learned from PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Cancer Immunol Res 2021; 10:146-153. [PMID: 34937730 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many types of cancer over the past decade. The initial therapeutic hypothesis underlying the mechanism of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 ICB was built around the premise that it acts locally in the tumor, reversing the exhaustion of PD-1hiCD8+ T cells by "releasing the brakes." However, recent studies have provided unprecedented insight into the complexity within the CD8+ T-cell pool in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Single-cell RNA sequencing and epigenetic profiling studies have identified novel cell surface markers, revealing heterogeneity within CD8+ T-cell states classified as unique. Moreover, these studies highlighted that following ICB, CD8+ T-cell states within and outside the TME possess a differential capacity to respond, mobilize to the TME, and seed an effective antitumor immune response. In aggregate, these recent developments have led to a reevaluation of our understanding of both the underlying mechanisms and the sites of action of ICB therapy. Here, we discuss the evidence for the reversibility of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion after ICB treatment and its implication for the further development of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Budimir
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California.
| | - Graham D Thomas
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California.
| | - Joseph S Dolina
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California
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26
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Van Braeckel-Budimir N, Dolina JS, Wei J, Wang X, Chen SH, Santiago P, Tu G, Micci L, Al-Khami AA, Pfister S, Ram S, Sundar P, Thomas G, Long H, Yang W, Potluri S, Salek-Ardakani S. Combinatorial immunotherapy induces tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells with distinct functional, migratory, and stem-like properties. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003614. [PMID: 34903555 PMCID: PMC8672007 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Programmed death (ligand) 1 (PD-(L)1) blockade and OX40/4-1BB costimulation have been separately evaluated in the clinic to elicit potent antitumor T cell responses. The precise mechanisms underlying single agent activity are incompletely understood. It also remains unclear if combining individual therapies leads to synergism, elicits novel immune mechanisms, or invokes additive effects. Methods We performed high-dimensional flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing-based immunoprofiling of murine tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) isolated from hosts bearing B16 or MC38 syngeneic tumors. This baseline infiltrate was compared to TILs after treatment with either anti-PD-(L)1, anti-OX40, or anti-4-1BB as single agents or as double and triple combinatorial therapies. Fingolimod treatment and CXCR3 blockade were used to evaluate the contribution of intratumoral versus peripheral CD8+ T cells to therapeutic efficacy. Results We identified CD8+ T cell subtypes with distinct functional and migratory signatures highly predictive of tumor rejection upon treatment with single agent versus combination therapies. Rather than reinvigorating terminally exhausted CD8+ T cells, OX40/4-1BB agonism expanded a stem-like PD-1loKLRG-1+Ki-67+CD8+ T cell subpopulation, which PD-(L)1 blockade alone did not. However, PD-(L)1 blockade synergized with OX40/4-1BB costimulation by dramatically enhancing stem-like TIL presence via a CXCR3-dependent mechanism. Conclusions Our findings provide new mechanistic insights into the interplay between components of combinatorial immunotherapy, where agonism of select costimulatory pathways seeds a pool of stem-like CD8+ T cells more responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Wei
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Computational Biology, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shih-Hsun Chen
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Pamela Santiago
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Guanghuan Tu
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Luca Micci
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Amir A Al-Khami
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sophia Pfister
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Sripad Ram
- Global Pathology, Drug Safety Reserach and Development, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Purnima Sundar
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Graham Thomas
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hua Long
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Computational Biology, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shobha Potluri
- Cancer Immunology Discovery, Pfizer Inc, San Diego, California, USA
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Asad D, Styrke J, Hagsheno M, Johansson M, Huge Y, Svensson J, Pelander S, Lauer J, Netterling H, Aljabery F, Sherif A. A prospective multicenter study of visual response-evaluation by cystoscopy in patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive urinary bladder cancer. Scand J Urol 2021; 56:20-26. [PMID: 34806518 DOI: 10.1080/21681805.2021.2002402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate a method of transurethral visual response-staging in patients with urothelial muscle-invasive urinary bladder cancer (MIBC), undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and radical cystectomy (RC). METHODS A prospective study at four Swedish cystectomy centers, cystoscopy was performed after final NAC-cycle for MIBC. Fifty-six participants underwent cystoscopy for visual staging of the tumor immediately pre-RC. Visual assessments were correlated to pathoanatomical outcomes post-RC. RESULTS Seventeen tumors were classified as complete response (CR), i.e. pT0. Twenty-five patients had residual MIBC and 14 had non-muscle invasive residual tumors (NMIBC). Of the 39 patients with residual tumor, 25 were correctly identified visually (64%). Eleven patients were pN+. The diagnostic accuracy of cystoscopy to correctly identify complete response or remaining tumor was 70% (CI = 56-81%) with a sensitivity of 64% (CI = 47-79%), specificity 82% (CI = 57-96%), PPV 89% (CI = 74-96%) and NPV 50% (CI =38-61%). Twenty-eight cystoscopy evaluations showed signs of residual tumors and 3/28 (11%) were false positive. In 4/14 patients assessed having residual NMIBC the estimates were correct, 8/14 had histopathological MIBC and 2/14 had CR. In 11/14 patients (79%), the suggested visual assessment of MIBC was correct, 2/14 had NMIBC and 1/14 had CR. Twenty-eight cystoscopies had negative findings, 14 were false negatives (50%), when cystoscopy falsely predicted pT0. Among them there were eight patients with pTa, pT1 or pTis and six MIBC-tumors. In 17 patients with histopathological pT0, 14 were correctly identified with cystoscopy (82%). CONCLUSION Cystoscopy after the final NAC-cycle cannot robustly differentiate between NAC-responders and non-responders. Visually, negative MIBC-status cannot be determined safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danna Asad
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Styrke
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hagsheno
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Johansson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ylva Huge
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan Svensson
- Department of statistics, Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics (USBE), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofia Pelander
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Lauer
- Department of Surgery, Nyköping County Hospital, Nyköping, Sweden
| | - Hans Netterling
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Firas Aljabery
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Urology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Amir Sherif
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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28
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Xie Z, Cai J, Sun W, Hua S, Wang X, Li A, Jiang J. Development and Validation of Prognostic Model in Transitional Bladder Cancer Based on Inflammatory Response-Associated Genes. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740985. [PMID: 34692520 PMCID: PMC8529162 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bladder cancer is a common malignant type in the world, and over 90% are transitional cell carcinoma. While the impact of inflammatory response on cancer progression has been reported, the role of inflammatory response-associated genes (IRAGs) in transitional bladder cancer still needs to be understood. Methods In this study, IRAGs were download from Molecular Signature Database (MSigDB). The transcriptional expression and matched clinicopathological data were separately obtained from public databases. The TCGA-BLCA cohort was used to identify the differentially expressed IRAGs, and prognostic IRAGs were filtrated by univariate survival analysis. The intersection between them was displayed by Venn diagram. Based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis method, the TCGA-BLCA cohort was used to construct a risk signature. Survival analysis was conducted to calculate the overall survival (OS) in TCGA and GSE13507 cohort between two groups. We then conducted univariate and multivariate survival analyses to identify independently significant indicators for prognosis. Relationships between the risk scores and age, grade, stage, immune cell infiltration, immune function, and drug sensitivity were demonstrated by correlation analysis. The expression level of prognostic genes in vivo and in vitro were determined by qRT-PCR assay. Results Comparing with normal tissues, there were 49 differentially expressed IRAGs in cancer tissues, and 12 of them were markedly related to the prognosis in TCGA cohort for transitional bladder cancer patients. Based on LASSO regression analysis, a risk model consists of 10 IRAGs was established. Comparing with high-risk groups, survival analysis showed that patients in low-risk groups were more likely to have a better survival time in TCGA and GSE13507 cohorts. Besides, the accuracy of the model in predicting prognosis is acceptable, which is demonstrated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Age, stage, and risk scores variables were identified as the independently significant indicators for survival in transitional bladder cancer. Correlation analysis represented that the risk score was identified to be significantly related to the above variables except gender variable. Moreover, the expression level of prognostic genes in vivo and in vitro was markedly upregulated for transitional bladder cancer. Conclusions A novel model based on the 10 IRAGs that can be used to predict survival time for transitional bladder cancer. In addition, this study may provide treatment strategies according to the drug sensitivity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xie
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlan Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Hua
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anguo Li
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Peoples Hospital of Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Juntao Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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29
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Gopalakrishnan RM, Aid M, Mercado NB, Davis C, Malik S, Geiger E, Varner V, Jones R, Bosinger SE, Piedra-Mora C, Martinot AJ, Barouch DH, Reeves RK, Tan CS. Increased IL-6 expression precedes reliable viral detection in the rhesus macaque brain during acute SIV infection. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e152013. [PMID: 34676832 PMCID: PMC8564899 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of immune activation in the brain during acute HIV infection is crucial for the prevention and treatment of HIV-associated neurological disorders. We determined regional brain (basal ganglia, thalamus, and frontal cortex) immune and virological profiles at 7 and 14 days post infection (dpi) with SIVmac239 in rhesus macaques. The basal ganglia and thalamus had detectable viruses earlier (7 dpi) than the frontal cortex (14 dpi) and contained higher quantities of viruses than the latter. Increased immune activation of astrocytes and significant infiltration of macrophages in the thalamus at 14 dpi coincided with elevated plasma viral load, and SIV colocalized only within macrophages. RNA signatures of proinflammatory responses, including IL-6, were detected at 7 dpi in microglia and interestingly, preceded reliable detection of virus in tissues and were maintained in the chronically infected macaques. Countering the proinflammatory response, the antiinflammatory response was not detected until increased TGF-β expression was found in perivascular macrophages at 14 dpi. But this response was not detected in chronic infection. Our data provide evidence that the interplay of acute proinflammatory and antiinflammatory responses in the brain likely contributed to the overt neuroinflammation, where the immune activation preceded reliable viral detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mohan Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Malika Aid
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noe B. Mercado
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin Davis
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shaily Malik
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emma Geiger
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Valerie Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rhianna Jones
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven E. Bosinger
- Emory Vaccine Center and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cesar Piedra-Mora
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Section of Pathology, and Departments of Infectious Diseases and Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda J. Martinot
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Section of Pathology, and Departments of Infectious Diseases and Global Health and Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C. Sabrina Tan
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ferro M, Lucarelli G, de Cobelli O, Dolce P, Terracciano D, Musi G, Porreca A, Busetto GM, Del Giudice F, Soria F, Gontero P, Cantiello F, Damiano R, Crocerossa F, Abu Farhan AR, Autorino R, Vartolomei MD, Marchioni M, Mari A, Minervini A, Longo N, Celentano G, Chiancone F, Perdonà S, Del Prete P, Ditonno P, Battaglia M, Zamboni S, Antonelli A, Greco F, Russo GI, Hurle R, Crisan N, Manfredi M, Porpiglia F, Ribera D, De Placido P, Facchini S, Scafuri L, Verde A, Di Lorenzo G, Cosimato V, Luciano A, Caputo VF, Crocetto F, Buonerba C. A risk-group classification model in patients with bladder cancer under neoadjuvant cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3987-3994. [PMID: 34278815 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the current research was to explore the potential prognostic value of readily available clinical and pathologic variables in bladder cancer. The novel association found between cholesterol levels and prognosis may provide the rationale for exploring novel treatments. Patients included had histologically confirmed urothelial bladder cancer and were treated with at least 3 cycles of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy with lymphadenectomy. A total of 245 patients at low, intermediate and high risk, presenting with 0-1, 2 or 3-4 risk factors, including positive lymph nodes, Hb <12.8, NLR ≥2.7 and cholesterol levels ≥199, were included. Five-year cancer-specific survival rate was 0.67, 0.78 and 0.94 at high, intermediate and low risk, respectively. Total cholesterol levels at the time of cystectomy may represent a commonly assessable prognostic factor and may be incorporated in a clinically meaningful risk-group classification model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan 80131, Italy
| | | | - Ottavio de Cobelli
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan 80131, Italy
| | - Pasquale Dolce
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan 80131, Italy
| | - Angelo Porreca
- Department of Urology, Abano Terme Hospital, Padua 35031, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Soria
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Studies of Torino, Turin 10121, Italy
| | - Paolo Gontero
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Sciences, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Studies of Torino, Turin 10121, Italy
| | - Francesco Cantiello
- Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Rocco Damiano
- Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | - Fabio Crocerossa
- Department of Urology, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Autorino
- Division of Urology, VCU Health System, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23219, USA
| | - Mihai Dorin Vartolomei
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.,Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences & Technology, Targu Mures 540139, Romania
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Department of Medical, Oral & Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Minervini
- Department of Urology, University of Florence, Careggi Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Neurosciences, Human Reproduction & Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celentano
- Department of Neurosciences, Human Reproduction & Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sisto Perdonà
- Division of Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale," Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Del Prete
- Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale," Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ditonno
- Department of Emergency & Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology & Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Michele Battaglia
- Department of Emergency & Organ Transplantation-Urology, Andrology & Kidney Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Stefania Zamboni
- Department of Urology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Urology, Spedali Civili di Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Urology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Rodolfo Hurle
- Department of Urology, Humanitas Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolae Crisan
- Department of Urology, University of Medicine & Pharmacy Iuliu Haţieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Ribera
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pietro De Placido
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Sergio Facchini
- Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, "Luigi Vanvitelli" University of Campania, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Scafuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio Verde
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- Oncology Unit, Andrea Tortora Hospital, ASL Salerno, Pagani, Italy.,Vincenzo Tiberio, Department of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cosimato
- Division of Onco-hematology, University Hospital San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Angelo Luciano
- Department of Clinical Medicine & Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Francesco Caputo
- Department of Neurosciences, Human Reproduction & Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Crocetto
- Department of Neurosciences, Human Reproduction & Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Buonerba
- Regional Reference Center for Rare Tumors, Department of Oncology & Hematology, AOU Federico II of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy.,Centro di Referenza Nazionale per l'Analisi e Studio di Correlazione tra Ambiente, Animale e Uomo, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
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31
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Chenard S, Robert Siemens D, Koti M. The CXCR3alt-CXCL11 axis in bladder cancer: potential for prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy response. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1631-1633. [PMID: 33990777 PMCID: PMC8245555 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Chenard
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - D Robert Siemens
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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