1
|
Chaltel-Lima L, Domínguez F, Domínguez-Ramírez L, Cortes-Hernandez P. The Role of the Estrogen-Related Receptor Alpha (ERRa) in Hypoxia and Its Implications for Cancer Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097983. [PMID: 37175690 PMCID: PMC10178695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Under low oxygen conditions (hypoxia), cells activate survival mechanisms including metabolic changes and angiogenesis, which are regulated by HIF-1. The estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is a transcription factor with important roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism that is overexpressed in hypoxia, suggesting that it plays a role in cell survival in this condition. This review enumerates and analyses the recent evidence that points to the role of ERRα as a regulator of hypoxic genes, both in cooperation with HIF-1 and through HIF-1- independent mechanisms, in invertebrate and vertebrate models and in physiological and pathological scenarios. ERRα's functions during hypoxia include two mechanisms: (1) direct ERRα/HIF-1 interaction, which enhances HIF-1's transcriptional activity; and (2) transcriptional activation by ERRα of genes that are classical HIF-1 targets, such as VEGF or glycolytic enzymes. ERRα is thus gaining recognition for its prominent role in the hypoxia response, both in the presence and absence of HIF-1. In some models, ERRα prepares cells for hypoxia, with important clinical/therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Chaltel-Lima
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Fabiola Domínguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
| | - Lenin Domínguez-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
| | - Paulina Cortes-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco 74360, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takagi T, Fujiwara-Tani R, Mori S, Kishi S, Nishiguchi Y, Sasaki T, Ogata R, Ikemoto A, Sasaki R, Ohmori H, Luo Y, Bhawal UK, Sho M, Kuniyasu H. Lauric Acid Overcomes Hypoxia-Induced Gemcitabine Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087506. [PMID: 37108667 PMCID: PMC10139117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although gemcitabine (GEM) is widely used in chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), drug resistance restricts its clinical effectiveness. To examine the mechanism of GEM resistance, we established two GEM-resistant cell lines from human PDA cells by continuous treatment with GEM and CoCl2-induced chemical hypoxia. One resistant cell line possessed reduced energy production and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, while the other resistant cell line possessed increased stemness. In both cell lines, ethidium bromide-stained mitochondrial DNA levels decreased, suggesting mitochondrial DNA damage. Inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in both cell lines did not restore the GEM sensitivity. In contrast, treatment of both cell types with lauric acid (LAA), a medium-chain fatty acid, restored GEM sensitivity. These results suggest that decreased energy production, decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels, and increased stemness associated with mitochondrial damage caused by GEM lead to GEM resistance, and that hypoxia may promote this process. Furthermore, forced activation of oxidative phosphorylation by LAA could be a tool to overcome GEM resistance. Clinical verification of the effectiveness of LAA in GEM resistance is necessary in the future.
Collapse
Grants
- 19K16564 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21659 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K18007 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21K10143 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadataka Takagi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Rina Fujiwara-Tani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shiori Mori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Shingo Kishi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiguchi
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ruiko Ogata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ayaka Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Rika Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ohmori
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo 271-8587, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Masayuki Sho
- Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biological Rationale for Targeting MEK/ERK Pathways in Anti-Cancer Therapy and to Potentiate Tumour Responses to Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102530. [PMID: 31126017 PMCID: PMC6567863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ERK1 and ERK2 (ERKs), two extracellular regulated kinases (ERK1/2), are evolutionary-conserved and ubiquitous serine-threonine kinases involved in regulating cell signalling in normal and pathological tissues. The expression levels of these kinases are almost always different, with ERK2 being the more prominent. ERK1/2 activation is fundamental for the development and progression of cancer. Since their discovery, much research has been dedicated to their role in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway signalling and in their activation by mitogens and mutated RAF or RAS in cancer cells. In order to gain a better understanding of the role of ERK1/2 in MAPK pathway signalling, many studies have been aimed at characterizing ERK1/2 splicing isoforms, mutants, substrates and partners. In this review, we highlight the differences between ERK1 and ERK2 without completely discarding the hypothesis that ERK1 and ERK2 exhibit functional redundancy. The main goal of this review is to shed light on the role of ERK1/2 in targeted therapy and radiotherapy and highlight the importance of identifying ERK inhibitors that may overcome acquired resistance. This is a highly relevant therapeutic issue that needs to be addressed to combat tumours that rely on constitutively active RAF and RAS mutants and the MAPK pathway.
Collapse
|
4
|
Phosphorylation of 14-3-3ζ links YAP transcriptional activation to hypoxic glycolysis for tumorigenesis. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:31. [PMID: 31076568 PMCID: PMC6510816 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic microenvironment deregulates metabolic homeostasis in cancer cells albeit the underlying mechanisms involved in this process remain hitherto enigmatic. 14-3-3ζ/Yes-associated protein (YAP) axis plays a principal role in malignant transformation and tumor development. Here, we report that hypoxia disassembles 14-3-3ζ from YAP and thereby promotes YAP nuclear localization mediated by ERK2, which directly binds to the D-site of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) docking domain in 14-3-3ζ Leu98/100 and phosphorylates 14-3-3ζ at Ser37. When localizing in nucleus, YAP recruits at pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) gene promoter with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), for which PKM2 transcription is required. 14-3-3ζ Ser37 phosphorylation is instrumental for the hypoxia-induced glucose uptake, lactate production, and clonogenicity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, as well as tumorigenesis in mice. The 14-3-3ζ Ser37 phosphorylation positively correlates with p-ERK1/2 activity and HIF-1α expression in clinical samples from patients with PDAC and predicts unfavorable prognosis. Our findings underscore an appreciable linkage between YAP transcriptional activation and hypoxic glycolysis governed by ERK2-dependent 14-3-3ζ Ser37 phosphorylation for malignant progression of PDAC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng T, Jiang Y, Farhan M, Lazarovici P, Chen L, Zheng W. Anti-inflammatory Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicines on Preclinical in vivo Models of Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion-Injury: Prospects for Neuroprotective Drug Discovery and Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:204. [PMID: 30930774 PMCID: PMC6423897 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired brain ischemia-and reperfusion-injury (IRI), including both Ischemic stroke (IS) and Traumatic Brain injury (TBI), is one of the most common causes of disability and death in adults and represents a major burden in both western and developing countries worldwide. China’s clinical neurological therapeutic experience in the use of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), including TCM-derived active compounds, Chinese herbs, TCM formulations and decoction, in brain IRI diseases indicated a trend of significant improvement in patients’ neurological deficits, calling for blind, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trials with careful meta-analysis evaluation. There are many TCMs in use for brain IRI therapy in China with significant therapeutic effects in preclinical studies using different brain IRI-animal. The basic hypothesis in this field claims that in order to avoid the toxicity and side effects of the complex TCM formulas, individual isolated and identified compounds that exhibited neuroprotective properties could be used as lead compounds for the development of novel drugs. China’s efforts in promoting TCMs have contributed to an explosive growth of the preclinical research dedicated to the isolation and identification of TCM-derived neuroprotective lead compounds. Tanshinone, is a typical example of TCM-derived lead compounds conferring neuroprotection toward IRI in animals with brain middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or TBI models. Recent reports show the significance of the inflammatory response accompanying brain IRI. This response appears to contribute to both primary and secondary ischemic pathology, and therefore anti-inflammatory strategies have become popular by targeting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, other inflammatory mediators, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and several transcriptional factors. Here, we review recent selected studies and discuss further considerations for critical reevaluation of the neuroprotection hypothesis of TCMs in IRI therapy. Moreover, we will emphasize several TCM’s mechanisms of action and attempt to address the most promising compounds and the obstacles to be overcome before they will enter the clinic for IRI therapy. We hope that this review will further help in investigations of neuroprotective effects of novel molecular entities isolated from Chinese herbal medicines and will stimulate performance of clinical trials of Chinese herbal medicine-derived drugs in IRI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tangming Peng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Pharmacy, The Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Institute of Translation Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vio V, Riveros AL, Tapia-Bustos A, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Perez-Lobos R, Muñoz L, Pismante P, Morales P, Araya E, Hassan N, Herrera-Marschitz M, Kogan MJ. Gold nanorods/siRNA complex administration for knockdown of PARP-1: a potential treatment for perinatal asphyxia. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6839-6854. [PMID: 30498346 PMCID: PMC6207385 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s175076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perinatal asphyxia interferes with neonatal development, resulting in long-term deficits associated with systemic and neurological diseases. Despite the important role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) in the regulation of gene expression and DNA repair, overactivation of PARP-1 in asphyxia-exposed animals worsens the ATP-dependent energetic crisis. Inhibition of PARP-1 offers a therapeutic strategy for diminishing the effects of perinatal asphyxia. Methods We designed a nanosystem that incorporates a specific siRNA for PARP-1 knockdown. The siRNA was complexed with gold nanorods (AuNR) conjugated to the peptide CLPFFD for brain targeting. Results The siRNA was efficiently delivered into PC12 cells, resulting in gene silencing. The complex was administered intraperitoneally in vivo to asphyxia-exposed rat pups, and the ability of the AuNR-CLPFFD/siRNA complex to reach the brain was demonstrated. Conclusion The combination of a nanosystem for delivery and a specific siRNA for gene silencing resulted in effective inhibition of PARP-1 in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vio
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Ana L Riveros
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Andrea Tapia-Bustos
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Carolyne Lespay-Rebolledo
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Ronald Perez-Lobos
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Luis Muñoz
- Chemical Meteorology Section, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Pismante
- Chemical Meteorology Section, Comisión Chilena de Energía Nuclear, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Morales
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eyleen Araya
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Hassan
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Herrera-Marschitz
- Program of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile,
| | - Marcelo J Kogan
- Department of Pharmacological and Toxicology Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile, .,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Transcriptome profiling of the interconnection of pathways involved in malignant transformation and response to hypoxia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19730-19744. [PMID: 29731978 PMCID: PMC5929421 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In tumor tissues, hypoxia is a commonly observed feature resulting from rapidly proliferating cancer cells outgrowing their surrounding vasculature network. Transformed cancer cells are known to exhibit phenotypic alterations, enabling continuous proliferation despite a limited oxygen supply. The four-step isogenic BJ cell model enables studies of defined steps of tumorigenesis: the normal, immortalized, transformed, and metastasizing stages. By transcriptome profiling under atmospheric and moderate hypoxic (3% O2) conditions, we observed that despite being highly similar, the four cell lines of the BJ model responded strikingly different to hypoxia. Besides corroborating many of the known responses to hypoxia, we demonstrate that the transcriptome adaptation to moderate hypoxia resembles the process of malignant transformation. The transformed cells displayed a distinct capability of metabolic switching, reflected in reversed gene expression patterns for several genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic pathways. By profiling the stage-specific responses to hypoxia, we identified ASS1 as a potential prognostic marker in hypoxic tumors. This study demonstrates the usefulness of the BJ cell model for highlighting the interconnection of pathways involved in malignant transformation and hypoxic response.
Collapse
|
8
|
Ebersole JL, Novak MJ, Orraca L, Martinez-Gonzalez J, Kirakodu S, Chen KC, Stromberg A, Gonzalez OA. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors, HIF1A and HIF2A, increase in aging mucosal tissues. Immunology 2018; 154:452-464. [PMID: 29338076 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia (i.e. oxygen deprivation) activates the hypoxia-signalling pathway, primarily via hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF) for numerous target genes, which mediate angiogenesis, metabolism and coagulation, among other processes to try to replenish tissues with blood and oxygen. Hypoxia signalling dysregulation also commonly occurs during chronic inflammation. We sampled gingival tissues from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; 3-25 years old) and total RNA was isolated for microarray analysis. HIF1A, HIF1B and HIF2A were significantly different in healthy aged tissues, and both HIF1A and HIF3A were positively correlated with aging. Beyond these transcription factor alterations, analysis of patterns of gene expression involved in hypoxic changes in tissues showed specific increases in metabolic pathway hypoxia-inducible genes, whereas angiogenesis pathway gene changes were more variable in healthy aging tissues across the animals. With periodontitis, aging tissues showed decreases in metabolic gene expression related to carbohydrate/lipid utilization (GBE1, PGAP1, TPI1), energy metabolism and cell cycle regulation (IER3, CCNG2, PER1), with up-regulation of transcription genes and cellular proliferation genes (FOS, EGR1, MET, JMJD6) that are hypoxia-inducible. The potential clinical implications of these results are related to the epidemiological findings of increased susceptibility and expression of periodontitis with aging. More specifically the findings describe that hypoxic stress may exist in aging gingival tissues before documentation of clinical changes of periodontitis and, so, may provide an explanatory molecular risk factor for an elevated capacity of the tissues to express destructive processes in response to changes in the microbial biofilms characteristic of a more pathogenic microbial challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Michael John Novak
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Luis Orraca
- School of Dentistry, University of Puerto Rico, Sabana Seca, PR, USA
| | | | - Sreenatha Kirakodu
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kuey C Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Arnold Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Octavio A Gonzalez
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Neuroprotective Effects of Bioactive Compounds and MAPK Pathway Modulation in "Ischemia"-Stressed PC12 Pheochromocytoma Cells. Brain Sci 2018; 8:brainsci8020032. [PMID: 29419806 PMCID: PMC5836051 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review surveys the efforts taken to investigate in vitro neuroprotective features of synthetic compounds and cell-released growth factors on PC12 clonal cell line temporarily deprived of oxygen and glucose followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R). These cells have been used previously to mimic some of the properties of in vivo brain ischemia-reperfusion-injury (IRI) and have been instrumental in identifying common mechanisms such as calcium overload, redox potential, lipid peroxidation and MAPKs modulation. In addition, they were useful for establishing the role of certain membrane penetrable cocktails of antioxidants as well as potential growth factors which may act in neuroprotection. Pharmacological mechanisms of neuroprotection addressing modulation of the MAPK cascade and increased redox potential by natural products, drugs and growth factors secreted by stem cells, in either undifferentiated or nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells exposed to ischemic conditions are discussed for future prospects in neuroprotection studies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Serrano-Oviedo L, Giménez-Bachs JM, Nam-Cha SY, Cimas FJ, García-Cano J, Sánchez-Prieto R, Salinas-Sánchez AS. Implication of VHL, ERK5, and HIF-1alpha in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Molecular basis. Urol Oncol 2016; 35:114.e15-114.e22. [PMID: 27836247 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the expression status of several proteins related to VHL gene function and its relationship with common clinicopathological parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study with 50 patients diagnosed with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The study analyzed VHL mutations and hypermethylation as well as protein expression of VHL, CA-IX, HIF-1alpha, VEGF, ERK1/2, and ERK5, relating them to clinical variables. A bivariate and multivariate descriptive logistical regression analysis was performed, using the presence of metastasis at diagnosis as dependent variable. RESULTS The study identified 13 (26%) VHL mutations related to nuclear grade (P = 0.036). VHL hypermethylation was found in 20% of cases. VHL expression was associated with the presence of mutations (P = 0.013), and the absence of expression was associated with nuclear grade and the presence of metastasis (P<0.05). HIF-1alpha was negative in only 5 cases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was positive in 31 of 47 cases and was associated with Fuhrman nuclear grade, presence of metastasis, and stage (P<0.05). ERK5 expression was increased in 58% of cases and associated with the presence of metastasis and more advanced stages (P<0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, the only variable remaining in the model was VEGF expression (P = 0.014). CONCLUSIONS VEGF has prognostic value in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and ERK5 may be a new prognostic marker in this type of tumor owing to its relationship with metastasis and more advanced stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Serrano-Oviedo
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Laboratorio de Oncología, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - José M Giménez-Bachs
- Servicio de Urología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Syongh Y Nam-Cha
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cimas
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Laboratorio de Oncología, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Cano
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Laboratorio de Oncología, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sánchez-Prieto
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular, Laboratorio de Oncología, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Unidad de Biomedicina CSIC-Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muz B, de la Puente P, Azab F, Azab AK. The role of hypoxia in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. HYPOXIA (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2016. [PMID: 27774485 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s93413.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional vascularization and acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype resulting in cell mobility and metastasis. Hypoxia alters cancer cell metabolism and contributes to therapy resistance by inducing cell quiescence. Hypoxia stimulates a complex cell signaling network in cancer cells, including the HIF, PI3K, MAPK, and NFĸB pathways, which interact with each other causing positive and negative feedback loops and enhancing or diminishing hypoxic effects. This review provides background knowledge on the role of tumor hypoxia and the role of the HIF cell signaling involved in tumor blood vessel formation, metastasis, and development of the resistance to therapy. Better understanding of the role of hypoxia in cancer progression will open new windows for the discovery of new therapeutics targeting hypoxic tumor cells and hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Muz B, de la Puente P, Azab F, Azab AK. The role of hypoxia in cancer progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. HYPOXIA 2015; 3:83-92. [PMID: 27774485 PMCID: PMC5045092 DOI: 10.2147/hp.s93413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1205] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a non-physiological level of oxygen tension, a phenomenon common in a majority of malignant tumors. Tumor-hypoxia leads to advanced but dysfunctional vascularization and acquisition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition phenotype resulting in cell mobility and metastasis. Hypoxia alters cancer cell metabolism and contributes to therapy resistance by inducing cell quiescence. Hypoxia stimulates a complex cell signaling network in cancer cells, including the HIF, PI3K, MAPK, and NFĸB pathways, which interact with each other causing positive and negative feedback loops and enhancing or diminishing hypoxic effects. This review provides background knowledge on the role of tumor hypoxia and the role of the HIF cell signaling involved in tumor blood vessel formation, metastasis, and development of the resistance to therapy. Better understanding of the role of hypoxia in cancer progression will open new windows for the discovery of new therapeutics targeting hypoxic tumor cells and hypoxic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pilar de la Puente
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
A Lactate-Induced Response to Hypoxia. Cell 2015; 161:595-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
14
|
Paeng SH, Jung WK, Park WS, Lee DS, Kim GY, Choi YH, Seo SK, Jang WH, Choi JS, Lee YM, Park S, Choi IW. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduces the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor through the inhibition of the ROS, PI3K and HIF-1α signaling pathways in human retinal pigment epithelial cells under hypoxic conditions. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:1419-26. [PMID: 25738890 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) can lead to progressive and severe visual loss. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes the development of CNV. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a biologically active component of the honeybee (Apis mellifera) propolis, has been demonstrated to have several interesting biological regulatory properties. The objective of this study was to determine whether treatment with CAPE results in the inhibition of the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE cells) under hypoxic conditions and to explore the possible underlying mechanisms. An in vitro experimental model of hypoxia was used to mimic an ischemic microenvironment for the RPE cells. Human RPE cells (ARPE-19) were exposed to hypoxia with or without CAPE pre-treatment. ARPE-19 cells were used to investigate the pathway involved in the regulation of VEGF production under hypoxic conditions, based on western blot analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The amount of VEGF released from the hypoxia-exposed cells was significantly higher than that of the normoxic controls. Pre-treatment with CAPE suppressed the hypoxia-induced production of VEGF in the ARPE-19 cells, and this effect was inhibited through the attenuation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression. These in vitro findings suggest that CAPE may prove to be a novel anti-angiogenic agent for the treatment of diseases associated with CNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwa Paeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kil Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Saegwang Park
- Department of Microbiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hatzios SK, Baer CE, Rustad TR, Siegrist MS, Pang JM, Ortega C, Alber T, Grundner C, Sherman DR, Bertozzi CR. Osmosensory signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis mediated by a eukaryotic-like Ser/Thr protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E5069-77. [PMID: 24309377 PMCID: PMC3876250 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321205110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria are able to adapt to dramatically different microenvironments, but in many organisms, the signaling pathways, transcriptional programs, and downstream physiological changes involved in adaptation are not well-understood. Here, we discovered that osmotic stress stimulates a signaling network in Mycobacterium tuberculosis regulated by the eukaryotic-like receptor Ser/Thr protein kinase PknD. Expression of the PknD substrate Rv0516c was highly induced by osmotic stress. Furthermore, Rv0516c disruption modified peptidoglycan thickness, enhanced antibiotic resistance, and activated genes in the regulon of the alternative σ-factor SigF. Phosphorylation of Rv0516c regulated the abundance of EspA, a virulence-associated substrate of the type VII ESX-1 secretion system. These findings identify an osmosensory pathway orchestrated by PknD, Rv0516c, and SigF that enables adaptation to osmotic stress through cell wall remodeling and virulence factor production. Given the widespread occurrence of eukaryotic-like Ser/Thr protein kinases in bacteria, these proteins may play a broad role in bacterial osmosensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina E. Baer
- Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), and
| | - Tige R. Rustad
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109; and
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Jennifer M. Pang
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109; and
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Corrie Ortega
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109; and
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Tom Alber
- Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), and
| | - Christoph Grundner
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109; and
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - David R. Sherman
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109; and
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Departments of Chemistry and
- Molecular and Cell Biology, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bae YJ, Yoo JC, Park N, Kang D, Han J, Hwang E, Park JY, Hong SG. Acute Hypoxia Activates an ENaC-like Channel in Rat Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:57-64. [PMID: 23440317 PMCID: PMC3579106 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.1.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells can resist and even recover from stress induced by acute hypoxia, whereas chronic hypoxia often leads to irreversible damage and eventually death. Although little is known about the response(s) to acute hypoxia in neuronal cells, alterations in ion channel activity could be preferential. This study aimed to elucidate which channel type is involved in the response to acute hypoxia in rat pheochromocytomal (PC12) cells as a neuronal cell model. Using perfusing solution saturated with 95% N(2) and 5% CO(2), induction of cell hypoxia was confirmed based on increased intracellular Ca(2+) with diminished oxygen content in the perfusate. During acute hypoxia, one channel type with a conductance of about 30 pS (2.5 pA at -80 mV) was activated within the first 2~3 min following onset of hypoxia and was long-lived for more than 300 ms with high open probability (P(o), up to 0.8). This channel was permeable to Na(+) ions, but not to K(+), Ca(+), and Cl(-) ions, and was sensitively blocked by amiloride (200 nM). These characteristics and behaviors were quite similar to those of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). RT-PCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that ENaC channel was endogenously expressed in PC12 cells. Taken together, a 30-pS ENaC-like channel was activated in response to acute hypoxia in PC12 cells. This is the first evidence of an acute hypoxia-activated Na(+) channel that can contribute to depolarization of the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Bae
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences and Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 660-751, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sparkenbaugh EM, Ganey PE, Roth RA. Hypoxia sensitization of hepatocytes to neutrophil elastase-mediated cell death depends on MAPKs and HIF-1α. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G748-57. [PMID: 22223132 PMCID: PMC3330781 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00409.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The liver is sensitive to pathological conditions associated with tissue hypoxia (Hx) and the presence of activated neutrophils that secrete the serine protease elastase (EL). We demonstrated previously that cotreatment of rat hepatocytes with nontoxic levels of Hx and EL caused synergistic cell death. Hx is sensed by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, a transcription factor that heterodimerizes with HIF-1β/aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and directs expression of many genes, including the pro-cell death gene Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3). Since cell death from EL or Hx also requires MAPK activation, we tested the hypothesis that the cytotoxic interaction of Hx and EL depends on MAPK and HIF-1α signaling. Treatment of Hepa1c1c7 cells with EL in the presence of Hx (2% O(2)) resulted in synergistic cell death. EL reduced phosphorylated ERK in O(2)-replete and Hx-exposed cells, and ERK inhibition enhanced the cytotoxicity of EL alone. Hx-EL cotreatment caused an additive increase in phosphorylated p38, and p38 inhibition attenuated cell death caused by this cotreatment. EL enhanced Hx-induced HIF-1α accumulation and transcription of the HIF-1α-mediated cell death gene BNIP3, and p38 inhibition attenuated BNIP3 expression and production. Cytotoxicity and BNIP3 expression from EL-Hx cotreatment were reduced in HIF-1β-deficient HepaC4 cells compared with Hepa1c1c7 cells. These results suggest that p38 signaling contributes to Hx-EL cotreatment-induced cell death via modulation of HIF-1α-mediated gene transcription. Finally, lipid peroxidation was enhanced in Hx-EL-cotreated cells compared with cells treated with EL or Hx alone. Vitamin E treatment attenuated lipid peroxidation and protected cells from the cytotoxicity of Hx and EL, suggesting that lipid peroxidation plays a role.
Collapse
|
18
|
Thauerer B, Zur Nedden S, Baier-Bitterlich G. Purine nucleosides: endogenous neuroprotectants in hypoxic brain. J Neurochem 2012; 121:329-42. [PMID: 22335456 PMCID: PMC3499684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even a short blockade of oxygen flow in brain may lead to the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and depletion of cellular ATP, which results in profound deficiencies in cellular function. Following ischemia, dying, injured, and hypoxic cells release soluble purine-nucleotide and -nucleoside pools. Growing evidence suggests that purine nucleosides might act as trophic factors in the CNS and PNS. In addition to equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) regulating purine nucleoside concentrations intra- and extracellularly, specific extracellular receptor subtypes for these compounds are expressed on neurons, glia, and endothelial cells, mediating stunningly diverse effects. Such effects range from induction of cell differentiation, apoptosis, mitogenesis, and morphogenetic changes, to stimulation of synthesis and/or release of cytokines and neurotrophic factors under both physiological and pathological conditions. Multiple signaling pathways regulate the critical balance between cell death and survival in hypoxia-ischemia. A convergent pathway for the regulation of multiple modalities involved in O₂ sensing is the mitogen activated protein kinase (p42/44 MAPK) or (ERK1/2 extracellular signal-regulated kinases) pathway terminating in a variety of transcription factors, for example, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. In this review, the coherence of purine nucleoside-related pathways and MAPK activation in the endogenous neuroprotective regulation of the nervous system's development and neuroplasticity under hypoxic stress will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Thauerer
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter Department, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim KS, Yoo HY, Park KS, Kim JK, Zhang YH, Kim SJ. Differential effects of acute hypoxia on the activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin and acidic pH. J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:93-103. [PMID: 22215506 PMCID: PMC10717963 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is a Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel activated by a variety of physicochemical stimuli. The effect of hypoxia (P(O(2)), 3%) on rat TRPV1 overexpressed in HEK293T has been studied. The basal TRPV1 current (I (TRPV1)) was partly activated by hypoxia, whereas capsaicin-induced TRPV1 (I (TRPV1,Cap)) was attenuated. Such changes were also suggested from hypoxia- and capsaicin-induced Ca(2+) signals in TRPV1-expressing cells. Regarding plausible changes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under hypoxia, the effects of antioxidants, vitamin C and tiron, as membrane-impermeable and -permeable, respectively, were tested. Both I (TRPV1) and I (TRPV1,Cap) were increased by vitamin C, while only I (TRPV1) was slightly increased by tiron. The hypoxic inhibition of I (TRPV1,Cap) was still persistent under hypoxia/vitamin C. Interestingly, hypoxia/tiron strongly inhibited both I (TRPV1) and I (TRPV1,Cap). Also, with vitamin C applied through a pipette solution, hypoxia inhibited I (TRPV1) and I (TRPV1,Cap). In contrast, hypoxia and hypoxia/tiron had no effect on the I (TRPV1) induced by acid (pH 6.2, I (TRPV1,Acid)). Taken together, hypoxia partly activated TRPV1 while it decreased their sensitivity to capsaicin. Putative changes of ROS under hypoxia might underlie the side-specific effects of ROS on TRPV1: inhibitory at the extracellular and stimulatory at the intracellular side, respectively. The differential effects of hypoxia on I (TRPV1,Cap) and I (TRPV1,Acid) suggested that the intracellular ROS increase might attenuate the pharmacological potency of capsaicin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Soo Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakno, Jongnogu, Seoul, 110-799 Korea
| | - Hae Young Yoo
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakno, Jongnogu, Seoul, 110-799 Korea
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 Korea
| | - Jin Kyoung Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakno, Jongnogu, Seoul, 110-799 Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehakno, Jongnogu, Seoul, 110-799 Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Naranjo-Suarez S, Carlson BA, Tsuji PA, Yoo MH, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL. HIF-independent regulation of thioredoxin reductase 1 contributes to the high levels of reactive oxygen species induced by hypoxia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30470. [PMID: 22348009 PMCID: PMC3278416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions mainly involves transcriptional changes in which hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) play a critical role. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF protein is stabilized due to inhibition of the activity of prolyl hydroxylases (EGLNs). Because the reaction carried out by these enzymes uses oxygen as a co-substrate it is generally accepted that the hypoxic inhibition of EGLNs is due to the reduction in oxygen levels. However, several studies have reported that hypoxic generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) is required for HIF stabilization. Here, we show that hypoxia downregulates thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) mRNA and protein levels. This hypoxic TR1 regulation is HIF independent, as HIF stabilization by EGLNs inhibitors does not affect TR1 expression and HIF deficiency does not block TR1 hypoxic-regulation, and it has an effect on TR1 function, as hypoxic conditions also reduce TR1 activity. We found that, when cultured under hypoxic conditions, TR1 deficient cells showed a larger accumulation of ROS compared to control cells, whereas TR1 over-expression was able to block the hypoxic generation of ROS. Furthermore, the changes in ROS levels observed in TR1 deficient or TR1 over-expressing cells did not affect HIF stabilization or function. These results indicate that hypoxic TR1 down-regulation is important in maintaining high levels of ROS under hypoxic conditions and that HIF stabilization and activity do not require hypoxic generation of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Naranjo-Suarez
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Petra A. Tsuji
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Min-Hyuk Yoo
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Henke RM, Dastidar RG, Shah A, Cadinu D, Yao X, Hooda J, Zhang L. Hypoxia elicits broad and systematic changes in protein subcellular localization. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C913-28. [PMID: 21753182 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00481.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen provides a crucial energy source in eukaryotic cells. Hence, eukaryotes ranging from yeast to humans have developed sophisticated mechanisms to respond to changes in oxygen levels. Regulation of protein localization, like protein modifications, can be an effective mechanism to control protein function and activity. However, the contribution of protein localization in oxygen signaling has not been examined on a genomewide scale. Here, we examine how hypoxia affects protein distribution on a genomewide scale in the model eukaryote, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate, by live cell imaging, that hypoxia alters the cellular distribution of 203 proteins in yeast. These hypoxia-redistributed proteins include an array of proteins with important functions in various organelles. Many of them are nuclear and are components of key regulatory complexes, such as transcriptional regulatory and chromatin remodeling complexes. Under hypoxia, these proteins are synthesized and retained in the cytosol. Upon reoxygenation, they relocalize effectively to their normal cellular compartments, such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and cell periphery. The resumption of the normal cellular locations of many proteins can occur even when protein synthesis is inhibited. Furthermore, we show that the changes in protein distribution induced by hypoxia follow a slower trajectory than those induced by reoxygenation. These results show that the regulation of protein localization is a common and potentially dominant mechanism underlying oxygen signaling and regulation. These results may have broad implications in understanding oxygen signaling and hypoxia responses in higher eukaryotes such as humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Michael Henke
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, 75080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Homology modeling and in silico screening of inhibitors for the substrate binding domain of human Siah2: implications for hypoxia-induced cancers. J Mol Model 2011; 17:3325-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang YL, Tavakoli H, Chachisvilis M. Apparent PKA activity responds to intermittent hypoxia in bone cells: a redox pathway? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H225-35. [PMID: 20453101 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01073.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We studied hypoxia-induced dynamic changes in the balance between PKA and PKA-counteracting phosphatases in the microfluidic environment in single cells using picosecond fluorescence spectroscopy and intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors of PKA activity. First, we found that the apparent PKA activity in bone cells (MC3T3-E1 cells) and endothelial cells (bovine aortic endothelial cells) is rapidly and sensitively modulated by the level of O(2) in the media. When the O(2) concentration in the glucose-containing media was lowered due to O(2) consumption by the cells in the microfluidic chamber, the apparent PKA activity increases; the reoxygenation of cells under hypoxia leads to a rapid ( approximately 2 min) decrease of the apparent PKA activity. Second, lack of glucose in the media led to a lower apparent PKA activity and to a reversal of the response of the apparent PKA activity to hypoxia and reoxygenation. Third, the apparent PKA activity in cells under hypoxia was predominantly regulated via a cAMP-independent pathway since 1) changes in the cAMP level in the cells were not detected using a cAMP FRET sensor, 2) the decay of cAMP levels was too slow to account for the fast decrease in PKA activity levels in response to reoxygenation, and 3) the response of the apparent PKA activity due to hypoxia/reoxygenation was not affected by an adenylate cyclase inhibitor (MDL-12,330A) at 1 mM concentration. Fourth, the immediate onset of ROS accumulation in MC3T3-E1 cells subjected to hypoxia and the sensitivity of the apparent PKA activity to redox levels suggest that the apparent PKA activity change during hypoxia and reoxygenation in this study can be linked to a redox potential change in response to intermittent hypoxia through the regulation of activities of PKA-counteracting phosphatases such as protein phosphatase 1. Finally, our results suggest that the detection of PKA activity could be used to monitor responses of cells to hypoxia in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Liang Zhang
- La Jolla Bioengineering Institute, 505 Coast Blvd. S., La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thauerer B, zur Nedden S, Baier-Bitterlich G. Vital role of protein kinase C-related kinase in the formation and stability of neurites during hypoxia. J Neurochem 2010; 113:432-46. [PMID: 20132472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of pheochromocytoma cells to hypoxia (1% O(2)) favors differentiation at the expense of cell viability. Additional incubation with nerve growth factor (NGF) and guanosine, a purine nucleoside with neurotrophin characteristics, rescued cell viability and further enhanced the extension of neurites. In parallel, an increase in the activity of protein kinase C-related kinase (PRK1), which is known to be involved in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, was observed in hypoxic cells. NGF and guanosine further enhanced PRK1 in normoxic and hypoxic cells. To study the role of PRK1 during cellular stress response and neurotrophin-mediated signaling, pheochromocytoma cells were transfected with small interfering RNA directed against PRK1. Loss of functional PRK1 initiated a significant loss of viability and inhibited neurite formation. SiRNA-mediated knockdown of PRK1 also completely stalled guanosine-mediated neuroprotective effects. Additionally, the F-actin-associated cytoskeleton and the expression of the plasticity protein growth associated protein-43 were disturbed upon PRK1 knockdown. A comparable dependency of neurite formation and growth associated protein-43 immunoreactivity on functional PRK1 expression was observed in cerebellar granule neurons. Based on these data, a putative role of PRK1 as a key-signaling element for the successive NGF- and purine nucleoside-mediated protection of hypoxic neuronal cells is hypothesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Thauerer
- Med. University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Division of Neurobiochemistry, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that ubiquitin ligases play a critical role in the hypoxia response. Among them, Siah2, a RING finger ligase, is an important regulator of pathways activated under hypoxia. Siah2 regulates prolyl hydroxylases PHD3 and 1 under oxygen concentration of 2% to 5%, thereby allowing accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, a master regulator of the hypoxia response within the range of physiological normoxic to mild hypoxic conditions. Growing evidence also indicates an important function for Siah2 in tumor development and progression based on pancreatic cancer, mammary tumor, and melanoma mouse models. This review summarizes our current understanding of Siah2 regulation and function with emphasis on hypoxia and tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koh Nakayama
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Arien-Zakay H, Lecht S, Bercu MM, Tabakman R, Kohen R, Galski H, Nagler A, Lazarovici P. Neuroprotection by cord blood neural progenitors involves antioxidants, neurotrophic and angiogenic factors. Exp Neurol 2008; 216:83-94. [PMID: 19070617 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) is a valuable source for cell therapy since it confers neuroprotection in stroke animal models. However, the responsible sub-populations remain to be established and the mechanisms involved are unknown. To explore HUCB neuroprotective properties in a PC12 cell-based ischemic neuronal model, we used an HUCB mononuclear-enriched population of collagen-adherent cells, which can be differentiated in vitro into a neuronal phenotype (HUCBNP). Upon co-culture with insulted-PC12 cells, HUCBNP conferred approximately 30% neuroprotection, as evaluated by decreased lactate dehydrogenase and caspase-3 activities. HUCBNP decreased by 95% the level of free radicals in the insulted-PC12 cells, in correlation with the appearance of antioxidants, as measured by changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the medium using cyclic-voltammetry. An increased level of nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the co-culture medium was temporally correlated with a -medium neuroprotection effect, which was partially abolished by heat denaturation. HUCBNP-induced neuroprotection was correlated with changes in gene expression of these neurotrophic factors, while blocked by K252a, an antagonist of the TrkA/NGF receptor. These findings indicate that HUCBNP-induced neuroprotection involves antioxidant(s) and neurotrophic factors, which, by paracrine and/or autocrine interactions between the insulted-PC12 and the HUCBNP cells, conferred neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Arien-Zakay
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tomaselli B, Nedden SZ, Podhraski V, Baier-Bitterlich G. p42/44 MAPK is an essential effector for purine nucleoside-mediated neuroprotection of hypoxic PC12 cells and primary cerebellar granule neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2008; 38:559-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2008.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
28
|
Meng F, To WKL, Gu Y. Inhibition effect of arachidonic acid on hypoxia-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation in PC12 cells and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2008; 162:18-23. [PMID: 18455484 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[Ca(2+)](i) elevation is a key event when O(2) sensitive cells, e.g. PC12 cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, face hypoxia. Ca(2+) entry pathways in mediating hypoxia-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation include: voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VGCCs), transient receptor potential (TRP) channel and Na(+)-Ca(2+) ex-changer (NCX). In the pulmonary artery, accumulated evidence strongly suggests that prostaglandins (PGs) are involved in pulmonary inflammation and cause vasoconstriction during hypoxia. In this study, we investigated the effect of arachidonic acid (AA), the upstream substrate for PGs, on hypoxia response in O(2) sensitive cells. Exogenous application of AA significantly inhibited hypoxia-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation. This effect was due to AA itself rather than its degenerative products. The pharmacological modulation of endogenous AA showed that the prevention of AA generation by blockage of cPLA2, diacylglycerol (DAG) lipase and fatty acid hydrolysis (FAAH), augments hypoxia-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation, whereas prevention of AA degeneration attenuates hypoxia-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation. Over-expression of COX2 enhances hypoxia-induced [Ca(2+)](i) elevation and this enhancement is reversed by exogenous AA. Our results suggest that AA inhibits hypoxia response. The dynamic alterations in cellular lipids might determine cell response to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Meng
- Department of Physiology, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
zur Nedden S, Tomaselli B, Baier-Bitterlich G. HIF-1 alpha is an essential effector for purine nucleoside-mediated neuroprotection against hypoxia in PC12 cells and primary cerebellar granule neurons. J Neurochem 2008; 105:1901-14. [PMID: 18248612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05275.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1alpha) and purine nucleosides adenosine and inosine are critical mediators of physiological responses to acute and chronic hypoxia. The specific aim of this paper was to evaluate the potential role of HIF-1alpha in purine-mediated neuroprotection. We show that adenosine and inosine efficiently rescued clonal rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells (up to 43.6%) as well as primary cerebellar granule neurons (up to 25.1%) from hypoxic insult, and furthermore, that HIF-1alpha is critical for purine-mediated neuroprotection. Next, we studied hypoxia or purine nucleoside increased nuclear accumulation of HIF-1alpha in PC12 cells. As a possible result of increased protein stabilization or synthesis an up to 2.5-fold induction of HIF-1alpha accumulation was detected. In cerebellar granule neurons, purine nucleosides induced an up to 3.1-fold HIF-1alpha accumulation in cell lysates. Concomitant with these results, small interfering RNA-mediated reduction of HIF-1alpha completely abolished adenosine- and inosine-mediated protection in PC12 cells and severely hampered purine nucleoside-mediated protection in primary neurons (up to 94.2%). Data presented in this paper thus clearly demonstrate that HIF-1alpha is a key regulator of purine nucleoside-mediated rescue of hypoxic neuronal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie zur Nedden
- Division of Neurobiochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Biocenter, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wada Y, Shimada K, Kimura T, Ushiyama S. Novel p38 MAP kinase inhibitor R-130823 suppresses IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-13 production in spheroid culture of human synovial sarcoma cell line SW 982. Immunol Lett 2008; 101:50-9. [PMID: 15888346 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synovial hyperplasia is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is regarded as a major destructive element of articular bone and cartilage. This pathological process is accompanied by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in synoviocytes. We studied the spontaneous production of these substances in RA synoviocytes in spheroid culture. Synovial sarcoma cell line SW 982 formed a single spheroid in non-adherent culture plates. It produced interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, PGE(2), MMP-2 and MMP-13. Neither the addition of integrin antagonizing oligopeptide (GRGDSP) nor that of vitronectin receptor inhibitor SB-265123 to the culture inhibited any production. Phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was observed during the culture. A novel p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, R-130823, inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-13 in a concentration-dependent manner, but not that of IL-1beta or MMP-2. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-13 were inhibited at the transcriptional level. R-130823 did not affect the production of PGE(2) in spheroid culture, while the addition of R-130823 suppressed IL-1beta-induced PGE(2) synthesis in monolayer culture of SW 982 cells. The results suggest that spheroid culture induced proinflammatory factors and MMPs in signaling pathways both dependent and independent of p38 MAP kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Wada
- Clinical Development Department, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Blanco S, Santos C, Lazo PA. Vaccinia-related kinase 2 modulates the stress response to hypoxia mediated by TAK1. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:7273-83. [PMID: 17709393 PMCID: PMC2168905 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00025-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia represents a major stress that requires an immediate cellular response in which different signaling pathways participate. Hypoxia induces an increase in the activity of TAK1, an atypical mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), which responds to oxidative stress by triggering cascades leading to the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). JNK activation by hypoxia requires assembly with the JIP1 scaffold protein, which might also interact with other intracellular proteins that are less well known but that might modulate MAPK signaling. We report that TAK1 is able to form a stable complex with JIP1 and thus regulate the activation of JNK, which in turn determines the cellular stress response to hypoxia. This activation of TAK1-JIP1-JNK is suppressed by vaccinia-related kinase 2 (VRK2). VRK2A is able to interact with TAK1 by its C-terminal region, forming stable complexes. The kinase activity of VRK2 is not necessary for this interaction or the downregulation of AP1-dependent transcription. Furthermore, reduction of the endogenous VRK2 level with short hairpin RNA can increase the response induced by hypoxia, suggesting that the intracellular levels of VRK2 can determine the magnitude of this stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Blanco
- Programa de Oncología Translacional, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca E-37007, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li RC, Pouranfar F, Lee SK, Morris MW, Wang Y, Gozal D. Neuroglobin protects PC12 cells against beta-amyloid-induced cell injury. Neurobiol Aging 2007; 29:1815-22. [PMID: 17560688 PMCID: PMC2586918 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of amyloid beta (Abeta) has been proposed as a pivotal event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Possible mechanisms underlying Abeta-induced neuronal cytotoxicity include excess production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and apoptosis. Neuroglobin (Ngb), a newly discovered globin in vertebrates that exhibits neuroprotective functions, may have a potential role in scavenging ROS. To examine the potential protective role of Ngb in Abeta-induced cytotoxicity, PC12 cells were treated with Abeta (1-42 fragment) for 24h. Abeta treatments increased ROS production in PC12 cells. Overexpression of Ngb but not Ngb mutant in the PC12 cells significantly attenuated Abeta-induced ROS production and lipids peroxidation. Furthermore, overexpression of Ngb also attenuated Abeta-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, and promoted cell survival in PC12 cells. Therefore, Ngb may act as an intracellular ROS scavenger, and such antioxidant properties may play a protective role against Abeta-induced cell injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Li
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Farzan Pouranfar
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Seung Kwan Lee
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Matthew W. Morris
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - Yang Wang
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| | - David Gozal
- Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sabha N, Aitken K, Lorenzo AJ, Szybowska M, Jairath A, Bägli DJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 and epidermal growth factor receptor mediate hypoxia-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and subsequent proliferation in bladder smooth muscle cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2006; 42:124-33. [PMID: 16848631 DOI: 10.1290/0510070.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) has been implicated in proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the lung. Tissue hypoxia also occurs in the obstructed bladder. The extracellular-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) pathway is induced in many cell types during hypoxia. We examined whether hypoxia (3% O2), compared with normoxia (21% O2), induces proliferation responses and activation of the Erk1/2 pathways in primary rat bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs). We show that hypoxia induces proliferation of BSMCs at 18 h and, although reduced at 22 h, still remained above normoxic levels. Hypoxia induced a strikingly transient activation of Erk1/2 that lasted only 10-30 min. However, inhibition of the transient Erk1/2 activity with a specific mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK-1) inhibitor PD 98059 prevented subsequent hypoxia-induced proliferation at 18 h. Interestingly, inhibition of general matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, using either doxycycline or GM 6001, prevented both transient Erk1/2 activity and subsequent proliferation in response to hypoxia. Furthermore, MMP-7 (matrilysin) is activated in the conditioned medium (CM) of BSMCs at 10-20 min of hypoxia. In addition, MMP-7 was also transcriptionally induced at 6 h of hypoxia in an Erk1/2-dependent manner. Moreover, transient Erk1/2 activation and BSMC proliferation were both dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1) but not neu receptor (HER2/ERB2) autophosphorylation. We conclude that hypoxia leads to Erk1/2 activation, which appears to modulate BSMC proliferation through MMP-7-and EGFR-mediated mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrin Sabha
- Division of Infection, Immunity, Injury, & Repair, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children and Institute for Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Laderoute KR. The interaction between HIF-1 and AP-1 transcription factors in response to low oxygen. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2005; 16:502-13. [PMID: 16144688 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a critical regulator of the transcriptional response to low oxygen conditions (hypoxia/anoxia) experienced by mammalian cells in both physiological and pathophysiological circumstances. As our understanding of the biology and biochemistry of HIF-1 has grown, it has become apparent that cells adapt to signals generated by low oxygen through a network of stress responsive transcription factors or complexes, which are influenced by HIF-1 activity. This review summarizes our current understanding of the interaction of HIF-1 with AP-1, a classic example of a family of pleiotropic transcription factors that impact on diverse cellular processes and phenotypes, including the adaptation to low oxygen stress. The review focuses on experimental studies involving cultured cells exposed to hypoxia/anoxia, and describes both established and possible interactions between HIF-1 and AP-1 at different levels of cellular organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Laderoute
- Biosciences Division, SRI International, Bldg. L, Rm. A258, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xu RH, Pelicano H, Zhou Y, Carew JS, Feng L, Bhalla KN, Keating MJ, Huang P. Inhibition of Glycolysis in Cancer Cells: A Novel Strategy to Overcome Drug Resistance Associated with Mitochondrial Respiratory Defect and Hypoxia. Cancer Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.613.65.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis for ATP generation (the Warburg effect) due in part to mitochondrial respiration injury and hypoxia, which are frequently associated with resistance to therapeutic agents. Here, we report that inhibition of glycolysis severely depletes ATP in cancer cells, especially in clones of cancer cells with mitochondrial respiration defects, and leads to rapid dephosphorylation of the glycolysis-apoptosis integrating molecule BAD at Ser112, relocalization of BAX to mitochondria, and massive cell death. Importantly, inhibition of glycolysis effectively kills colon cancer cells and lymphoma cells in a hypoxic environment in which the cancer cells exhibit high glycolytic activity and decreased sensitivity to common anticancer agents. Depletion of ATP by glycolytic inhibition also potently induced apoptosis in multidrug-resistant cells, suggesting that deprivation of cellular energy supply may be an effective way to overcome multidrug resistance. Our study shows a promising therapeutic strategy to effectively kill cancer cells and overcome drug resistance. Because the Warburg effect and hypoxia are frequently seen in human cancers, these findings may have broad clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-hua Xu
- 1Molecular Pathology and Departments of
- 3Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; and
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- 1Molecular Pathology and Departments of
| | | | - Li Feng
- 1Molecular Pathology and Departments of
| | - Kapil N. Bhalla
- 4Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael J. Keating
- 2Leukemia, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
FRA-2 is involved in cellular differentiation and is also upregulated in response to ischemic injury to the brain. To shed light on the function of this transcription factor, a novel microarray analysis was utilized to identify FRA-2-dependent gene expression increased in the hypoxic response. Genes were identified that were upregulated by exposure of neuronally differentiated PC12 cells to hypoxia. Using a dominant negative construct to block FRA-2, a second subset of genes that were FRA-2 dependent was found. Cross comparison then allowed isolation of a list of genes that were induced in response to hypoxia in a FRA-2-dependent manner. These data suggest that FRA-2 is involved in the transcriptional control of neuroprotective genes and in the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Butler
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Keith R. Pennypacker
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yokoi K, Fidler IJ. Hypoxia increases resistance of human pancreatic cancer cells to apoptosis induced by gemcitabine. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:2299-306. [PMID: 15073105 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia, frequently found in the center of solid tumor, is associated with resistance to chemotherapy by activation of signaling pathways that regulate cell pro-liferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. We determined whether hypoxia can increase the resistance of human pancreatic carcinoma cells to gemcitabine-induced apoptosis by activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, MEK/mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) [MAPK(Erk) kinase (MEK)], and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling pathways. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK(Erk), DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B, and apoptosis induced by gemcitabine in L3.6pl human pancreatic cancer cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. We then examined the effects of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, MEK inhibitor U0126, and the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor PKI 166 on these signaling pathways and induction of apoptosis. RESULTS Hypoxic conditions increased phosphorylation of Akt and MAPK(Erk) and NF-kappa B DNA binding activity in L3.6pl cells. The activation of Akt and NF-kappa B was prevented by LY294002, whereas the activity of MAPK(Erk), but not NF-kappa B, was inhibited by U0126. The increased activation of Akt, NF-kappa B, and MAPK(Erk) was inhibited by PKI 166. Under hypoxic conditions, L3.6pl cells were resistant to apoptosis induced by gemcitabine. The addition of LY294002 or PKI 166 abrogated cell resistance to gemcitabine, whereas U0126 only partially decreased this resistance. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that hypoxia can induce resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine mainly through the PI3K/Akt/NF-kappa B pathways and partially through the MAPK(Erk) signaling pathway. Because PKI 166 prevented the activation of PI3K/Akt/NF-kappa B and MAPK(Erk) pathways, the combination of this tyrosine kinase inhibitor with gemcitabine should be an effective therapy for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Yokoi
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gozal E, Sachleben LR, Rane MJ, Vega C, Gozal D. Mild sustained and intermittent hypoxia induce apoptosis in PC-12 cells via different mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 288:C535-42. [PMID: 15537711 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00270.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Episodic hypoxia, a characteristic feature of obstructive sleep apnea, induces cellular changes and apoptosis in brain regions associated with neurocognitive function. To investigate whether mild, intermittent hypoxia would induce more extensive neuronal damage than would a similar degree of sustained hypoxia, rat pheochromocytoma PC-12 neuronal cells were subjected to either sustained (5% O(2)) or intermittent (alternating 5% O(2) 35 min, 21% O(2) 25 min) hypoxia for 2 or 4 days. Quantitative assessment of apoptosis showed that while mild sustained hypoxia did not significantly increase cell apoptosis at 2 days (1.31 +/- 0.29-fold, n = 8; P = NS), a significant increase in apoptosis occurred after 4 days (2.25 +/- 0.4-fold, n = 8; P < 0.002), without increased caspase activation. Furthermore, caspase inhibition with the general caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (Z-VAD-FMK) did not modify sustained hypoxia-induced apoptosis. In contrast, mild, intermittent hypoxia induced significant increases in apoptosis at 2 days (3.72 +/- 1.43-fold, n = 8; P < 0.03) and at 4 days (4.57 +/- 0.82-fold, n = 8; P < 0.001) that was associated with enhanced caspase activity and attenuated by Z-VAD-FMK pretreatment. We conclude that intermittent hypoxia induces an earlier and more extensive apoptotic response than sustained hypoxia and that this response is at least partially dependent on caspase-mediated pathways. In contrast, caspases do not seem to play a role in sustained hypoxia-induced apoptosis. These findings suggest that different signaling pathways are involved in sustained and intermittent hypoxia-induced cell injury and may contribute to the understanding of differential brain susceptibility to sustained and intermittent hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Gozal
- Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, 570 South Preston St., Suite 321, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Crawford RM, Jovanović S, Budas GR, Davies AM, Lad H, Wenger RH, Robertson KA, Roy DJ, Ranki HJ, Jovanović A. Chronic mild hypoxia protects heart-derived H9c2 cells against acute hypoxia/reoxygenation by regulating expression of the SUR2A subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:31444-55. [PMID: 12791696 PMCID: PMC2134977 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m303051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to lower oxygen tension may increase cellular resistance to different types of acute metabolic stress. Here, we show that 24-h-long exposure to slightly decreased oxygen tension (partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) of 100 mm Hg instead of normal 144 mm Hg) confers resistance against acute hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Ca2+ loading in heart-derived H9c2 cells. The number of ATP-sensitive K+ (K(ATP)) channels were increased in cells exposed to PO2 = 100 mm Hg relative to cells exposed to PO2 = 144 mm Hg. This was due to an increase in transcription of SUR2A, a K(ATP) channel regulatory subunit, but not Kir6.2, a K(ATP) channel pore-forming subunit. PO2 = 100 mm Hg also increased the SUR2 gene promoter activity. Experiments with cells overexpressing wild type of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and dominant negative HIF-1beta suggested that the HIF-1-signaling pathway did not participate in observed PO2-mediated regulation of SUR2A expression. On the other hand, NADH inhibited the effect of PO2 = 100 mm Hg but not the effect of PO2 = 20 mm Hg. LY 294002 and PD 184 352 prevented PO2-mediated regulation of K(ATP) channels, whereas rapamycin was without any effect. HMR 1098 inhibited the cytoprotective effect of PO2 = 100 mm Hg, and a decrease of PO2 from 144 to 100 mm Hg did not change the expression of any other gene, including those involved in stress and hypoxic response, as revealed by Affymetrix high density oligonucleotide arrays. We conclude that slight hypoxia activates HIF-1alpha-independent signaling cascade leading to an increase in SUR2A protein, a higher density of K(ATP) channels, and a cellular phenotype more resistant to acute metabolic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell M. Crawford
- Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Sofija Jovanović
- Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Grant R. Budas
- Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony M. Davies
- Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Harish Lad
- Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Roland H. Wenger
- Carl-Ludwig-Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin A. Robertson
- Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Summerhall EH9 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas J. Roy
- Scottish Centre for Genomic Technology and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Summerhall EH9 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Harri J. Ranki
- Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandar Jovanović
- Maternal and Child Health Sciences, Tayside Institute of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, United Kingdom
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Tayside Inst. of Child Health, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK. Tel.: 44-0-1382-496-269; Fax: 44-0-1382-632-597; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Arsham AM, Howell JJ, Simon MC. A novel hypoxia-inducible factor-independent hypoxic response regulating mammalian target of rapamycin and its targets. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:29655-60. [PMID: 12777372 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m212770200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia triggers a reversible inhibition of protein synthesis thought to be important for energy conservation in O2-deficient environments. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway integrates multiple environmental cues to regulate translation in response to nutrient availability and stress, suggesting it as a candidate for O2 regulation. We show here that hypoxia rapidly and reversibly triggers hypophosphorylation of mTOR and its effectors 4E-BP1, p70S6K, rpS6, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G. Hypoxic regulation of these translational control proteins is dominant to activation via multiple distinct signaling pathways such as insulin, amino acids, phorbol esters, and serum and is independent of Akt/protein kinase B and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, ATP levels, ATP:ADP ratios, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Finally, hypoxia appears to repress phosphorylation of translational control proteins in a manner analogous to rapamycin and independent of phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. These data demonstrate a new mode of regulation of the mTOR pathway and position this pathway as a powerful point of control by O2 of cellular metabolism and energetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Arsham
- Committee on Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60615, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lando D, Gorman JJ, Whitelaw ML, Peet DJ. Oxygen-dependent regulation of hypoxia-inducible factors by prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:781-90. [PMID: 12603311 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03445.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To sustain life mammals have an absolute and continual requirement for oxygen, which is necessary to produce energy for normal cell survival and growth. Hence, maintaining oxygen homeostasis is a critical requirement and mammals have evolved a wide range of cellular and physiological responses to adapt to changes in oxygen availability. In the past few years it has become evident that the transcriptional protein complex hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key regulator of these processes. In this review we will focus on the way oxygen availability regulates HIF proteins and in particular we will discuss the way oxygen-dependent hydroxylation of specific amino acid residues has been demonstrated to regulate HIF function at the level of both protein stability and transcriptional potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Lando
- Department of Molecular BioSciences (Biochemistry) and the Centre for Molecular Genetics of Development, University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|