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Wang Q, Liu Z, Zeng X, Zheng Y, Lan L, Wang X, Lai Z, Hou X, Gao L, Liang L, Tang S, Zhang Z, Leng J, Fan X. Integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA expression of newly emerging swine H3N2 influenza virus cross-species infection with tree shrews. Virol J 2024; 21:4. [PMID: 38178220 PMCID: PMC10768296 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-species transmission of zoonotic IAVs to humans is potentially widespread and lethal, posing a great threat to human health, and their cross-species transmission mechanism has attracted much attention. miRNAs have been shown to be involved in the regulation of IAVs infection and immunity, however, few studies have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying miRNAs and mRNAs expression after IAVs cross-species infection. METHODS We used tree shrews, a close relative of primates, as a model and used RNA-Seq and bioinformatics tools to analyze the expression profiles of DEMs and DEGs in the nasal turbinate tissue at different time points after the newly emerged swine influenza A virus SW2783 cross-species infection with tree shrews, and miRNA-mRNA interaction maps were constructed and verified by RT-qPCR, miRNA transfection and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS 14 DEMs were screened based on functional analysis and interaction map, miR-760-3p, miR-449b-2, miR-30e-3p, and miR-429 were involved in the signal transduction process of replication and proliferation after infection, miR-324-3p, miR-1301-1, miR-103-1, miR-134-5p, miR-29a, miR-31, miR-16b, miR-34a, and miR-125b participate in negative feedback regulation of genes related to the immune function of the body to activate the antiviral immune response, and miR-106b-3p may be related to the cross-species infection potential of SW2783, and the expression level of these miRNAs varies in different days after infection. CONCLUSIONS The miRNA regulatory networks were constructed and 14 DEMs were identified, some of them can affect the replication and proliferation of viruses by regulating signal transduction, while others can play an antiviral role by regulating the immune response. It indicates that abnormal expression of miRNAs plays a crucial role in the regulation of cross-species IAVs infection, which lays a solid foundation for further exploration of the molecular regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in IAVs cross-species infection and anti-influenza virus targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wang
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
| | - Zihe Liu
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Lan
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhenping Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Hou
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Lingxi Gao
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Shen Tang
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zengfeng Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Immunology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Treating High-Incidence Infectious Diseases with Integrative Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Experimental Animal Models of Guangxi, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Regional Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China.
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Singh M, Jayant K, Singh D, Bhutani S, Poddar NK, Chaudhary AA, Khan SUD, Adnan M, Siddiqui AJ, Hassan MI, Khan FI, Lai D, Khan S. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha) for the possible therapeutics and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Plant-based drug discovery and targeted therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:933824. [PMID: 36046742 PMCID: PMC9421373 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.933824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has killed huge populations throughout the world and acts as a high-risk factor for elderly and young immune-suppressed patients. There is a critical need to build up secure, reliable, and efficient drugs against to the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Bioactive compounds of Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal] may implicate as herbal medicine for the management and treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of the current work is to update the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection and information about the implication of various compounds of medicinal plant Withania somnifera with minimum side effects on the patients' organs. The herbal medicine Withania somnifera has an excellent antiviral activity that could be implicated in the management and treatment of flu and flu-like diseases connected with SARS-CoV-2. The analysis was performed by systematically re-evaluating the published articles related to the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and the herbal medicine Withania somnifera. In the current review, we have provided the important information and data of various bioactive compounds of Withania somnifera such as Withanoside V, Withanone, Somniferine, and some other compounds, which can possibly help in the management and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Withania somnifera has proved its potential for maintaining immune homeostasis of the body, inflammation regulation, pro-inflammatory cytokines suppression, protection of multiple organs, anti-viral, anti-stress, and anti-hypertensive properties. Withanoside V has the potential to inhibit the main proteases (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. At present, synthetic adjuvant vaccines are used against COVID-19. Available information showed the antiviral activity in Withanoside V of Withania somnifera, which may explore as herbal medicine against to SARS-CoV-2 infection after standardization of parameters of drug development and formulation in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Kuldeep Jayant
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal, Kharagpur, India
| | - Dipti Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, India
| | - Shivani Bhutani
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salah-Ud-Din Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Jamal Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Faez Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dakun Lai
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW, Australia
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Deoband, Saharanpur, UP, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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El-Hefnawy SM, Kasemy ZA, Eid HA, Elmadbouh I, Mostafa RG, Omar TA, Kasem HE, Ghonaim EM, Ghonaim MM, Saleh AA. Potential impact of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade (A) member 4 SERPINA4 (rs2093266) and SERPINA5 (rs1955656) genetic variants on COVID-19 induced acute kidney injury. Meta Gene 2022:101023. [PMID: 35291551 PMCID: PMC8915573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2022.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 has a number of targets, including the kidneys. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) might develop in up to a quarter of SARS-CoV-2 patients. In the clinical environment, AKI is linked to a high rate of death and leads to the progression of AKI to chronic renal disease. Aim We aimed to investigate rs2093266 and rs1955656 polymorphisms in SERPINA4 and SERPINA5 genes, respectively, as risk factors for COVID-19 induced AKI. Subjects and methods A case-control study included 227 participants who were divided into three groups: 81 healthy volunteers who served as controls, 76 COVID-19 patients without AKI and 70 COVID -19 patients with AKI. The TaqMan assay was used for genotyping the SERPINA4 (rs2093266) and SERPINA5 (rs1955656) polymorphisms by real-time PCR technique. Results Lymphocytes and eGFR showed a significantly decreasing trend across the three studied groups, while CRP, d-Dimer, ferritin, creatinine, KIM-1and NGAL showed a significantly increasing trend across the three studied groups (P < 0.001). Rs2093266 (AG and AA) genotypes were significant risk factors among non-AKI and AKI groups in comparison to controls. Rs1955656 (AG and AA) were significant risk factors among the AKI group, while AA was the only significant risk factor among the non-AKI group. Recessive, dominant, co-dominant, and over-dominant models for genotype combinations were demonstrated. The GG v AA, GG + AG v AA, and GG v AG + AA models of the rs2093266 were all significant predictors of AKI, whilst only the GG v AA model of the rs1955656 SNP was a significant predictor. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, χ2 = 56.48, p < 0.001. AKI was associated with progressed age (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91–0.98, p = 0.006), suffering from chronic diseases (OR = 3.25, 95% CI: 1.31–8.01, p = 0.010), increased BMI (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81–0.98, p = 0.018), immunosuppressive (OR = 4.61, 95% CI: 1.24–17.16, p = 0.022) and rs2093266 (AG + AA) (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.11–8.10, p = 0.030). Conclusion Single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2093266) at SERPINA4 gene and (rs1955656) at SERPINA5 gene were strongly linked to the development of AKI in COVID-19 patients.
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4
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du Preez HN, Aldous C, Hayden MR, Kruger HG, Lin J. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 described through the lens of an undersulfated and degraded epithelial and endothelial glycocalyx. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22052. [PMID: 34862979 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101100rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx surrounds every eukaryotic cell and is a complex mesh of proteins and carbohydrates. It consists of proteoglycans with glycosaminoglycan side chains, which are highly sulfated under normal physiological conditions. The degree of sulfation and the position of the sulfate groups mainly determine biological function. The intact highly sulfated glycocalyx of the epithelium may repel severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through electrostatic forces. However, if the glycocalyx is undersulfated and 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B (3OST-3B) is overexpressed, as is the case during chronic inflammatory conditions, SARS-CoV-2 entry may be facilitated by the glycocalyx. The degree of sulfation and position of the sulfate groups will also affect functions such as immune modulation, the inflammatory response, vascular permeability and tone, coagulation, mediation of sheer stress, and protection against oxidative stress. The rate-limiting factor to sulfation is the availability of inorganic sulfate. Various genetic and epigenetic factors will affect sulfur metabolism and inorganic sulfate availability, such as various dietary factors, and exposure to drugs, environmental toxins, and biotoxins, which will deplete inorganic sulfate. The role that undersulfation plays in the various comorbid conditions that predispose to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is also considered. The undersulfated glycocalyx may not only increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, but would also result in a hyperinflammatory response, vascular permeability, and shedding of the glycocalyx components, giving rise to a procoagulant and antifibrinolytic state and eventual multiple organ failure. These symptoms relate to a diagnosis of systemic septic shock seen in almost all COVID-19 deaths. The focus of prevention and treatment protocols proposed is the preservation of epithelial and endothelial glycocalyx integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi N du Preez
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Colleen Aldous
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Melvin R Hayden
- Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Hendrik G Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Johnson Lin
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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5
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Pampalakis G, Zingkou E, Panagiotidis C, Sotiropoulou G. Kallikreins emerge as new regulators of viral infections. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6735-6744. [PMID: 34459952 PMCID: PMC8404027 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) or kallikreins have been linked to diverse (patho) physiological processes, such as the epidermal desquamation and inflammation, seminal clot liquefaction, neurodegeneration, and cancer. Recent mounting evidence suggests that KLKs also represent important regulators of viral infections. It is well-established that certain enveloped viruses, including influenza and coronaviruses, require proteolytic processing of their hemagglutinin or spike proteins, respectively, to infect host cells. Similarly, the capsid protein of the non-enveloped papillomavirus L1 should be proteolytically cleaved for viral uncoating. Consequently, extracellular or membrane-bound proteases of the host cells are instrumental for viral infections and represent potential targets for drug development. Here, we summarize how extracellular proteolysis mediated by the kallikreins is implicated in the process of influenza (and potentially coronavirus and papillomavirus) entry into host cells. Besides direct proteolytic activation of viruses, KLK5 and 12 promote viral entry indirectly through proteolytic cascade events, like the activation of thrombolytic enzymes that also can process hemagglutinin, while additional functions of KLKs in infection cannot be excluded. In the light of recent evidence, KLKs represent potential host targets for the development of new antivirals. Humanized animal models to validate their key functions in viral infections will be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 265 04, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Panagiotidis
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 265 04, Rion-Patras, Greece
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6
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El Amri C. Serine Protease Inhibitors to Treat Lung Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:215-226. [PMID: 34019272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung is a vital organ that ensures breathing function. It provides the essential interface of air filtering providing oxygen to the whole body and eliminating carbon dioxide in the blood; because of its exposure to the external environment, it is fall prey to many exogenous elements, such as pathogens, especially viral infections or environmental toxins and chemicals. These exogenous actors in addition to intrinsic disorders lead to important inflammatory responses that compromise lung tissue and normal functioning. Serine proteases regulating inflammation responses are versatile enzymes, usually involved in pro-inflammatory cytokines or other molecular mediator's production and activation of immune cells. In this chapter, an overview on major serine proteases in airway inflammation as therapeutic targets and their clinically relevant inhibitors is provided. Recent updates on serine protease inhibitors in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazade El Amri
- Sorbonne Université, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, IBPS, UMR 8256 CNRS-UPMC, ERL INSERM U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France.
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7
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Seth S, Batra J, Srinivasan S. COVID-19: Targeting Proteases in Viral Invasion and Host Immune Response. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:215. [PMID: 33195400 PMCID: PMC7581869 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An acute respiratory disorder (COVID-19) that accelerated across the globe has been found to be caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2). The absence of a specific antiviral drug or vaccination has promoted the development of immediate therapeutic responses against SARS-CoV-2. As increased levels of plasma chemokines and, cytokines and an uncontrolled influx of inflammatory cells were observed in lethal cases, it was concluded that the severity of the infection corresponded with the imbalanced host immunity against the virus. Tracing back the knowledge acquired from SERS and MERS infections, clinical evidence suggested similar host immune reactions and host ACE2 receptor-derived invasion by SARS-CoV-2. Further studies revealed the integral role of proteases (TMPRSS2, cathepsins, plasmin, etc.) in viral entry and the immune system. This review aims to provide a brief review on the latest research progress in identifying the potential role of proteases in SARS-CoV-2 viral spread and infection and combines it with already known information on the role of different proteases in providing an immune response. It further proposes a multidisciplinary clinical approach to target proteases specifically, through a combinatorial administration of protease inhibitors. This predictive review may help in providing a perspective to gain deeper insights of the proteolytic web involved in SARS-CoV-2 viral invasion and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Seth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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8
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Harbig A, Mernberger M, Bittel L, Pleschka S, Schughart K, Steinmetzer T, Stiewe T, Nist A, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E. Transcriptome profiling and protease inhibition experiments identify proteases that activate H3N2 influenza A and influenza B viruses in murine airways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11388-11407. [PMID: 32303635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) by host proteases is essential for virus infectivity. HA of most influenza A and B (IAV/IBV) viruses is cleaved at a monobasic motif by trypsin-like proteases. Previous studies have reported that transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) is essential for activation of H7N9 and H1N1pdm IAV in mice but that H3N2 IAV and IBV activation is independent of TMPRSS2 and carried out by as-yet-undetermined protease(s). Here, to identify additional H3 IAV- and IBV-activating proteases, we used RNA-Seq to investigate the protease repertoire of murine lower airway tissues, primary type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECIIs), and the mouse lung cell line MLE-15. Among 13 candidates identified, TMPRSS4, TMPRSS13, hepsin, and prostasin activated H3 and IBV HA in vitro IBV activation and replication was reduced in AECIIs from Tmprss2/Tmprss4-deficient mice compared with WT or Tmprss2-deficient mice, indicating that murine TMPRSS4 is involved in IBV activation. Multicycle replication of H3N2 IAV and IBV in AECIIs of Tmprss2/Tmprss4-deficient mice varied in sensitivity to protease inhibitors, indicating that different, but overlapping, sets of murine proteases facilitate H3 and IBV HA cleavages. Interestingly, human hepsin and prostasin orthologs did not activate H3, but they did activate IBV HA in vitro Our results indicate that TMPRSS4 is an IBV-activating protease in murine AECIIs and suggest that TMPRSS13, hepsin, and prostasin cleave H3 and IBV HA in mice. They further show that hepsin and prostasin orthologs might contribute to the differences observed in TMPRSS2-independent activation of H3 in murine and human airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Harbig
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Linda Bittel
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Pleschka
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany.,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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9
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Lenga Ma Bonda W, Iochmann S, Magnen M, Courty Y, Reverdiau P. Kallikrein-related peptidases in lung diseases. Biol Chem 2019; 399:959-971. [PMID: 29604204 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human tissue kallikreins (KLKs) are 15 members of the serine protease family and are present in various healthy human tissues including airway tissues. Multiple studies have revealed their crucial role in the pathophysiology of a number of chronic, infectious and tumour lung diseases. KLK1, 3 and 14 are involved in asthma pathogenesis, and KLK1 could be also associated with the exacerbation of this inflammatory disease caused by rhinovirus. KLK5 was demonstrated as an influenza virus activating protease in humans, and KLK1 and 12 could also be involved in the activation and spread of these viruses. KLKs are associated with lung cancer, with up- or downregulation of expression depending on the KLK, cancer subtype, stage of tumour and also the microenvironment. Functional studies showed that KLK12 is a potent pro-angiogenic factor. Moreover, KLK6 promotes malignant-cell proliferation and KLK13 invasiveness. In contrast, KLK8 and KLK10 reduce proliferation and invasion of malignant cells. Considering the involvement of KLKs in various physiological and pathological processes, KLKs appear to be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woodys Lenga Ma Bonda
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR 1100, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Sophie Iochmann
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR 1100, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France.,IUT de Tours, Université de Tours, F-37082 Tours, France
| | - Mélia Magnen
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR 1100, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Yves Courty
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR 1100, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Pascale Reverdiau
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM UMR 1100, Faculté de Médecine, 10 Boulevard Tonnellé, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France.,IUT de Tours, Université de Tours, F-37082 Tours, France
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10
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Magnen M, Elsässer BM, Zbodakova O, Kasparek P, Gueugnon F, Petit-Courty A, Sedlacek R, Goettig P, Courty Y. Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 and seasonal influenza viruses, limitations of the experimental models for activating proteases. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1053-1064. [PMID: 29883316 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Every year, influenza A virus (IAV) affects and kills many people worldwide. The viral hemagglutinin (HA) is a critical actor in influenza virus infectivity which needs to be cleaved by host serine proteases to exert its activity. KLK5 has been identified as an activating protease in humans with a preference for the H3N2 IAV subtype. We investigated the origin of this preference using influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8, H1N1) and A/Scotland/20/74 (Scotland, H3N2) viruses. Pretreatment of noninfectious virions with human KLK5 increased infectivity of Scotland IAV in MDCK cells and triggered influenza pneumonia in mice. These effects were not observed with the PR8 IAV. Molecular modeling and in vitro enzymatic studies of peptide substrates and recombinant HAs revealed that the sequences around the cleavage site do not represent the sole determinant of the KLK5 preference for the H3N2 subtype. Using mouse Klk5 and Klk5-deficient mice, we demonstrated in vitro and in vivo that the mouse ortholog protease is not an IAV activating enzyme. This may be explained by unfavorable interactions between H3 HA and mKlk5. Our data highlight the limitations of some approaches used to identify IAV-activating proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélia Magnen
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | | | - Olga Zbodakova
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics, CZ-25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kasparek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics, CZ-25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Fabien Gueugnon
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Courty
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics, CZ-25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Goettig
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Yves Courty
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, F-37032 Tours, France.,Université de Tours, F-37032 Tours, France
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11
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Magnen M, Gueugnon F, Petit-Courty A, Baranek T, Sizaret D, Brewah YA, Humbles AA, Si-Tahar M, Courty Y. Tissue kallikrein regulates alveolar macrophage apoptosis early in influenza virus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L1127-L1140. [PMID: 30908937 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00379.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Host cell proteases are involved in influenza pathogenesis. We examined the role of tissue kallikrein 1 (KLK1) by comparing wild-type (WT) and KLK1-deficient mice infected with influenza H3N2 virus. The levels of KLK1 in lung tissue and in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid increased substantially during infection. KLK1 did not promote virus infectivity despite its trypsin-like activity, but it did decrease the initial virus load. We examined two cell types involved in the early control of pathogen infections, alveolar macrophages (AMs) and natural killer (NK) cells to learn more about the antiviral action of KLK1. Inactivating the Klk1 gene or treating WT mice with an anti-KLK1 monoclonal antibody to remove KLK1 activity accelerated the initial virus-induced apoptotic depletion of AMs. Intranasal instillation of deficient mice with recombinant KLK1 (rKLK1) reversed the phenotype. The levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in infected BAL fluid were significantly lower in KLK1-deficient mice than in WT mice. Treating lung epithelial cells with rKLK1 increased secretion of this factor known to enhance AM resistance to pathogen-induced apoptosis. The recruitment of NK cells to the air spaces peaked 3 days after infection in WT mice but not in KLK1-deficient mice, as did increases in several NK-attracting chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL10) in BAL. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are highly susceptible to viral infection, and we observed that the KLK1 mRNA levels decreased with increasing COPD severity. Our findings indicate that KLK1 intervenes early in the antiviral defense modulating the severity of influenza infection. Decreased KLK1 expression in COPD patients could contribute to the worsening of influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melia Magnen
- INSERM, U1100-Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,Université de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Fabien Gueugnon
- INSERM, U1100-Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,Université de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Agnès Petit-Courty
- INSERM, U1100-Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,Université de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM, U1100-Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,Université de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Damien Sizaret
- INSERM, U1100-Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,Université de Tours , Tours , France
| | | | | | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, U1100-Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,Université de Tours , Tours , France
| | - Yves Courty
- INSERM, U1100-Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires , Tours , France.,Université de Tours , Tours , France
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Di Fede M, Biagini M, Cartocci E, Parillo C, Greco A, Martinelli M, Marchi S, Pezzicoli A, Delany I, Rossi Paccani S. Neisseria Heparin Binding Antigen is targeted by the human alternative pathway C3-convertase. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194662. [PMID: 29579105 PMCID: PMC5868813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA) is a surface-exposed lipoprotein specific for Neisseria and constitutes one of the three main protein antigens of the Bexsero vaccine. Meningococcal and human proteases, cleave NHBA protein upstream or downstream of a conserved Arg-rich region, respectively. The cleavage results in the release of the C-terminal portion of the protein. The C-terminal fragment originating from the processing of meningococcal proteases, referred to as C2 fragment, exerts a toxic effect on endothelial cells altering the endothelial permeability. In this work, we reported that recombinant C2 fragment has no influence on the integrity of human airway epithelial cell monolayers, consistent with previous findings showing that Neisseria meningitidis traverses the epithelial barrier without disrupting the junctional structures. We showed that epithelial cells constantly secrete proteases responsible for a rapid processing of C2 fragment, generating a new fragment that does not contain the Arg-rich region, a putative docking domain reported to be essential for C2-mediated toxic effect. Moreover, we found that the C3-convertase of the alternative complement pathway is one of the proteases responsible for this processing. Overall, our data provide new insights on the cleavage of NHBA protein during meningococcal infection. NHBA cleavage may occur at different stages of the infection, and it likely has a different role depending on the environment the bacterium is interacting with.
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Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractKallistatin, via its two structural elements – an active site and a heparin-binding domain – displays a double-edged function in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. First, kallistatin has both anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic effects. Kallistatin treatment attenuates angiogenesis and tumor growth in cancer-bearing mice. Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site inhibits angiogenesis by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced growth, migration and adhesion of endothelial cells. Conversely, kallistatin via the active site promotes neovascularization by stimulating VEGF levels in endothelial progenitor cells. Second, kallistatin inhibits or induces apoptosis depending on cell types. Kallistatin attenuates organ injury and apoptosis in animal models, and its heparin-binding site is essential for blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, kallistatin via its active site induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by up-regulating miR-34a and down-regulating miR-21 and miR-203 synthesis. Third, kallistatin can act as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Kallistatin treatment inhibits oxidative stress and tissue damage in animal models and cultured cells. Kallistatin via the heparin-binding domain antagonizes TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, whereas its active site is crucial for stimulating antioxidant enzyme expression. In contrast, kallistatin provokes oxidant formation, leading to blood pressure reduction and bacterial killing. Kallistatin-mediated vasodilation is partly mediated by H2O2, as the effect is abolished by the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Moreover, kallistatin exerts a bactericidal effect by stimulating superoxide production in neutrophils of mice with microbial infection as well as in cultured immune cells. Thus, kallistatin’s dual roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress contribute to its beneficial effects in various diseases.
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Magnen M, Gueugnon F, Guillon A, Baranek T, Thibault VC, Petit-Courty A, de Veer SJ, Harris J, Humbles AA, Si-Tahar M, Courty Y. Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 5 Contributes to H3N2 Influenza Virus Infection in Human Lungs. J Virol 2017; 91:e00421-17. [PMID: 28615200 PMCID: PMC5533929 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00421-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus must be activated by proteolysis before the virus can become infectious. Previous studies indicated that HA cleavage is driven by membrane-bound or extracellular serine proteases in the respiratory tract. However, there is still uncertainty as to which proteases are critical for activating HAs of seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) in humans. This study focuses on human KLK1 and KLK5, 2 of the 15 serine proteases known as the kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs). We find that their mRNA expression in primary human bronchial cells is stimulated by IAV infection. Both enzymes cleaved recombinant HA from several strains of the H1 and/or H3 virus subtype in vitro, but only KLK5 promoted the infectivity of A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) and A/Scotland/20/74 (H3N2) virions in MDCK cells. We assessed the ability of treated viruses to initiate influenza in mice. The nasal instillation of only the KLK5-treated virus resulted in weight loss and lethal outcomes. The secretion of this protease in the human lower respiratory tract is enhanced during influenza. Moreover, we show that pretreatment of airway secretions with a KLK5-selective inhibitor significantly reduced the activation of influenza A/Scotland/20/74 virions, providing further evidence of its importance. Differently, increased KLK1 secretion appeared to be associated with the recruitment of inflammatory cells in human airways regardless of the origin of inflammation. Thus, our findings point to the involvement of KLK5 in the proteolytic activation and spread of seasonal influenza viruses in humans.IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause acute infection of the respiratory tract that affects millions of people during seasonal outbreaks every year. Cleavage of the hemagglutinin precursor by host proteases is a critical step in the life cycle of these viruses. Consequently, host proteases that activate HA can be considered promising targets for the development of new antivirals. However, the specific proteases that activate seasonal influenza viruses, especially H3N2 viruses, in the human respiratory tract have remain undefined despite many years of work. Here we demonstrate that the secreted, extracellular protease KLK5 (kallikrein-related peptidase 5) is efficient in promoting the infectivity of H3N2 IAV in vitro and in vivo Furthermore, we found that its secretion was selectively enhanced in the human lower respiratory tract during a seasonal outbreak dominated by an H3N2 virus. Collectively, our data support the clinical relevance of this protease in human influenza pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélia Magnen
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Fabien Gueugnon
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Guillon
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Virginie C Thibault
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Courty
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Yves Courty
- INSERM U1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Faculté de Médecine, Tours, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.).
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
| | - Lee Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
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16
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Alame MM, Massaad E, Zaraket H. Peramivir: A Novel Intravenous Neuraminidase Inhibitor for Treatment of Acute Influenza Infections. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:450. [PMID: 27065996 PMCID: PMC4815007 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peramivir is a novel cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitor of influenza virus. It was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in December 2014 for treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza in patients 18 years and older. For several months prior to approval, the drug was made clinically available under Emergency Use authorization during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic. Peramivir is highly effective against human influenza A and B isolates as well as emerging influenza virus strains with pandemic potential. Clinical trials demonstrated that the drug is well-tolerated in adult and pediatric populations. Adverse events are generally mild to moderate and similar in frequency to patients receiving placebo. Common side effects include gastrointestinal disorders and decreased neutrophil counts but are self-limiting. Peramivir is administered as a single-dose via the intravenous route providing a valuable therapeutic alternative for critically ill patients or those unable to tolerate other administration routes. Successful clinical trials and post-marketing data in pediatric populations in Japan support the safety and efficacy of peramivir in this population where administration of other antivirals might not be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak M Alame
- The School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie Massaad
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon; Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of BeirutBeirut, Lebanon
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