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Garcia E, Diep JK, Sharma R, Rao GG. Model-based learn and confirm: designing effective treatment regimens against multidrug resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107100. [PMID: 38280574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been a growing appreciation for the use of in vitro and in vivo infection models to generate robust and informative nonclinical PK/PD data to accelerate the clinical translation of treatment regimens. The objective of this study was to develop a model-based "learn and confirm" approach to help with the design of combination regimens using in vitro infection models to optimise the clinical utility of existing antibiotics. Static concentration time-kill studies were used to evaluate the PD activity of polymyxin B (PMB) and meropenem against two carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates; BAA2146 (PMB-susceptible) and BRKP67 (PMB-resistant). A mechanism-based model (MBM) was developed to quantify the joint activity of PMB and meropenem. In silico simulations were used to predict the time-course of bacterial killing using clinically-relevant PK exposure profiles. The predictive accuracy of the model was further evaluated by validating the model predictions using a one-compartment PK/PD in vitro dynamic infection model (IVDIM). The MBM captured the reduction in bacterial burden and regrowth well in both the BAA2146 and BRKP67 isolate (R2 = 0.900 and 0.940, respectively). The bacterial killing and regrowth predicted by the MBM were consistent with observations in the IVDIM: sustained activity against BAA2146 and complete regrowth of the BRKP67 isolate. Differences observed in PD activity suggest that additional dose optimisation might be beneficial in PMB-resistant isolates. The model-based approach presented here demonstrates the utility of the MBM as a translational tool from static to dynamic in vitro systems to effectively perform model-informed drug optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Garcia
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - John K Diep
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajnikant Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gauri G Rao
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Farrington N, Dubey V, Johnson A, Horner I, Stevenson A, Unsworth J, Jimenez-Valverde A, Schwartz J, Das S, Hope W, Darlow CA. Molecular pharmacodynamics of meropenem for nosocomial pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. mBio 2024; 15:e0316523. [PMID: 38236031 PMCID: PMC10865990 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03165-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Meropenem is a commonly used therapeutic agent, although emergent resistance occurs during treatment. We used a rabbit HAP infection model to assess the bacterial kill and resistance pharmacodynamics of meropenem. Meropenem 5 mg/kg administered subcutaneously (s.c.) q8h (±amikacin 3.33-5 mg/kg q8h administered intravenously[i.v.]) or meropenem 30 mg/kg s.c. q8h regimens were assessed in a rabbit lung infection model infected with P. aeruginosa, with bacterial quantification and phenotypic/genotypic characterization of emergent resistant isolates. The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic output was fitted to a mathematical model, and human-like regimens were simulated to predict outcomes in a clinical context. Increasing meropenem monotherapy demonstrated a dose-response effect to bacterial kill and an inverted U relationship with emergent resistance. The addition of amikacin to meropenem suppressed the emergence of resistance. A network of porin loss, efflux upregulation, and increased expression of AmpC was identified as the mechanism of this emergent resistance. A bridging simulation using human pharmacokinetics identified meropenem 2 g i.v. q8h as the licensed clinical regimen most likely to suppress resistance. We demonstrate an innovative experimental platform to phenotypically and genotypically characterize bacterial emergent resistance pharmacodynamics in HAP. For meropenem, we have demonstrated the risk of resistance emergence during therapy and identified two mitigating strategies: (i) regimen intensification and (ii) use of combination therapy. This platform will allow pre-clinical assessment of emergent resistance risk during treatment of HAP for other antimicrobials, to allow construction of clinical regimens that mitigate this risk.IMPORTANCEThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during antimicrobial treatment for hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is a well-documented problem (particularly in pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that contributes to the wider global antimicrobial resistance crisis. During drug development, regimens are typically determined by their sufficiency to achieve bactericidal effect. Prevention of the emergence of resistance pharmacodynamics is usually not characterized or used to determine the regimen. The innovative experimental platform described here allows characterization of the emergence of AMR during the treatment of HAP and the development of strategies to mitigate this. We have demonstrated this specifically for meropenem-a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used to treat HAP. We have characterized the antimicrobial resistance pharmacodynamics of meropenem when used to treat HAP, caused by initially meropenem-susceptible P. aeruginosa, phenotypically and genotypically. We have also shown that intensifying the regimen and using combination therapy are both strategies that can both treat HAP and suppress the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Farrington
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vineet Dubey
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Johnson
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Horner
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Stevenson
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Unsworth
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Jimenez-Valverde
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Shampa Das
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - William Hope
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Darlow
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics, Department of Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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3
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Ramirez DM, Ramirez D, Dhiman S, Arora R, Lozeau C, Arthur G, Zhanel G, Schweizer F. Guanidinylated Amphiphilic Tobramycin Derivatives Synergize with β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1754-1768. [PMID: 37603592 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was designated as a critical priority pathogen by the World Health Organization for which new therapeutic solutions are required. With the rapid dissemination of β-lactamases in P. aeruginosa, β-lactam (BL) antibiotics are used in conjunction with β-lactamase inhibitors (BLI). The effectiveness of the BL/BLI combination could be further enhanced with the inclusion of an outer membrane (OM) permeabilizer, such as aminoglycosides and aminoglycoside-based adjuvants. Thus, the development of seven tobramycin derivatives reported herein focused on improving OM permeabilizing capabilities and reducing associated toxicity. The structure-activity relationship studies emphasized the effects of the nature of the cationic group; the number of polar head groups and positive charges; and flexibility, length, and steric bulk of the hydrophobic moiety. The optimized guanidinylated tobramycin-biphenyl derivative was noncytotoxic and demonstrated the ability to potentiate ceftazidime and aztreonam monotherapy and in dual combinations with avibactam against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and β-lactamase harboring isolates of P. aeruginosa. The triple combination of ceftazidime/avibactam plus guanidinylated tobramycin-biphenyl resulted in rapid bactericidal activity within 4-8 h of treatment, demonstrating the potential application of these guanidinylated amphiphilic tobramycin derivatives in augmenting BL/BLI combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danyel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Rajat Arora
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Christian Lozeau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3E 0W2, Canada
| | - George Zhanel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MBR3E 0J9, Canada
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4
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Agyeman AA, López-Causapé C, Rogers KE, Lucas DD, Cortés-Lara S, Gomis-Font MA, Fraile-Ribot P, Figuerola J, Lang Y, Franklyn ERT, Lee WL, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Bulitta JB, Boyce JD, Nation RL, Oliver A, Landersdorfer CB. Ceftolozane/tazobactam plus tobramycin against free-floating and biofilm bacteria of hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa epidemic strains: Resistance mechanisms and synergistic activity. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106887. [PMID: 37315906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute exacerbations of biofilm-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) have limited treatment options. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (alone and with a second antibiotic) has not yet been investigated against hypermutable clinical P. aeruginosa isolates in biofilm growth. This study aimed to evaluate, using an in vitro dynamic biofilm model, ceftolozane/tazobactam alone and in combination with tobramycin at simulated representative lung fluid pharmacokinetics against free-floating (planktonic) and biofilm states of two hypermutable P. aeruginosa epidemic strains (LES-1 and CC274) from adolescents with CF. METHODS Regimens were intravenous ceftolozane/tazobactam 4.5 g/day continuous infusion, inhaled tobramycin 300 mg 12-hourly, intravenous tobramycin 10 mg/kg 24-hourly, and both ceftolozane/tazobactam-tobramycin combinations. The isolates were susceptible to both antibiotics. Total and less-susceptible free-floating and biofilm bacteria were quantified over 120-168 h. Ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance mechanisms were investigated by whole-genome sequencing. Mechanism-based modelling of bacterial viable counts was performed. RESULTS Monotherapies of ceftolozane/tazobactam and tobramycin did not sufficiently suppress emergence of less-susceptible subpopulations, although inhaled tobramycin was more effective than intravenous tobramycin. Ceftolozane/tazobactam resistance development was associated with classical (AmpC overexpression plus structural modification) and novel (CpxR mutations) mechanisms depending on the strain. Against both isolates, combination regimens demonstrated synergy and completely suppressed the emergence of ceftolozane/tazobactam and tobramycin less-susceptible free-floating and biofilm bacterial subpopulations. CONCLUSION Mechanism-based modelling incorporating subpopulation and mechanistic synergy well described the antibacterial effects of all regimens against free-floating and biofilm bacterial states. These findings support further investigation of ceftolozane/tazobactam in combination with tobramycin against biofilm-associated P. aeruginosa infections in adolescents with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akosua A Agyeman
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carla López-Causapé
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases-IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kate E Rogers
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deanna Deveson Lucas
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Cortés-Lara
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases-IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Gomis-Font
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases-IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fraile-Ribot
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases-IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Figuerola
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Son Espases-IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Yinzhi Lang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Eva R T Franklyn
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wee Leng Lee
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieqiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Jurgen B Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - John D Boyce
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases-IdISBa, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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5
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Shi AX, Qu Q, Zhuang HH, Teng XQ, Xu WX, Liu YP, Xiao YW, Qu J. Individualized antibiotic dosage regimens for patients with augmented renal clearance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1137975. [PMID: 37564179 PMCID: PMC10410082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1137975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a state of enhanced renal function commonly observed in 30%-65% of critically ill patients despite normal serum creatinine levels. Using unadjusted standard dosing regimens of renally eliminated drugs in ARC patients often leads to subtherapeutic concentrations, poor clinical outcomes, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria. We summarized pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic research on the definition, underlying mechanisms, and risk factors of ARC to guide individualized dosing of antibiotics and various strategies for optimizing outcomes. Methods: We searched for articles between 2010 and 2022 in the MEDLINE database about ARC patients and antibiotics and further provided individualized antibiotic dosage regimens for patients with ARC. Results: 25 antibiotic dosage regimens for patients with ARC and various strategies for optimization of outcomes, such as extended infusion time, continuous infusion, increased dosage, and combination regimens, were summarized according to previous research. Conclusion: ARC patients, especially critically ill patients, need to make individualized adjustments to antibiotics, including dose, frequency, and method of administration. Further comprehensive research is required to determine ARC staging, expand the range of recommended antibiotics, and establish individualized dosing guidelines for ARC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Xi Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Hai-Hui Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Qi Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Wen Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Qu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
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6
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Luterbach CL, Qiu H, Hanafin PO, Sharma R, Piscitelli J, Lin FC, Ilomaki J, Cober E, Salata RA, Kalayjian RC, Watkins RR, Doi Y, Kaye KS, Nation RL, Bonomo RA, Landersdorfer CB, van Duin D, Rao GG. A Systems-Based Analysis of Mono- and Combination Therapy for Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Bloodstream Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0059122. [PMID: 36125299 PMCID: PMC9578421 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00591-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat. As "proof-of-concept," we employed a system-based approach to identify patient, bacterial, and drug variables contributing to mortality in patients with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKp) bloodstream infections exposed to colistin (COL) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ/AVI) as mono- or combination therapies. Patients (n = 49) and CRKp isolates (n = 22) were part of the Consortium on Resistance Against Carbapenems in Klebsiella and other Enterobacteriaceae (CRACKLE-1), a multicenter, observational, prospective study of patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) conducted between 2011 and 2016. Pharmacodynamic activity of mono- and combination drug concentrations was evaluated over 24 h using in vitro static time-kill assays. Bacterial growth and killing dynamics were estimated with a mechanism-based model. Random Forest was used to rank variables important for predicting 30-day mortality. Isolates exposed to COL+CAZ/AVI had enhanced early bacterial killing compared to CAZ/AVI alone and fewer incidences of regrowth compared to COL and CAZ/AVI. The mean coefficient of determination (R2) for the observed versus predicted bacterial counts was 0.86 (range: 0.75 - 0.95). Bacterial subpopulation susceptibilities and drug mechanistic synergy were essential to describe bacterial killing and growth dynamics. The combination of clinical (hypotension), bacterial (IncR plasmid, aadA2, and sul3) and drug (KC50) variables were most predictive of 30-day mortality. This proof-of-concept study combined clinical, bacterial, and drug variables in a unified model to evaluate clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L. Luterbach
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongqiang Qiu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Patrick O. Hanafin
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajnikant Sharma
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph Piscitelli
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Feng-Chang Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenni Ilomaki
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eric Cober
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert A. Salata
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Richard R. Watkins
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keith S. Kaye
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger L. Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David van Duin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gauri G. Rao
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Giry M, Sarfati S, Pestel-Caron M, Wils J, Lamoureux F, Alexandre K. Comment on: Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2892-2894. [PMID: 35538913 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Giry
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1311 DYNAMICURE, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sacha Sarfati
- CHU Rouen, Department of Pharmacology - Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Martine Pestel-Caron
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1311 DYNAMICURE, F-76000 Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, INSERM U1311 DYNAMICURE, CHU Rouen, Department of Microbiology, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Julien Wils
- CHU Rouen, Department of Pharmacology - Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Fabien Lamoureux
- CHU Rouen, Department of Pharmacology - Toxicology and Pharmacogenetics, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Kévin Alexandre
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1311 DYNAMICURE, F-76000 Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, UNICAEN, INSERM U1311 DYNAMICURE, CHU Rouen, Department of infectious diseases, F-76000 Rouen, France
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8
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Pharmacodynamics of Piperacillin-Tazobactam/Amikacin Combination versus Meropenem against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Hollow Fiber Infection Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0016222. [PMID: 35924928 PMCID: PMC9487465 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00162-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenems are recommended for the treatment of urosepsis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli; however, due to selection of carbapenem resistance, there is an increasing interest in alternative treatment regimens including the use of β-lactam-aminoglycoside combinations. We compared the pharmacodynamic activity of piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin as mono and combination therapy versus meropenem monotherapy against extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, piperacillin-tazobactam resistant E. coli using a dynamic hollow fiber infection model (HFIM) over 7 days. Broth-microdilution was performed to determine the MIC of E. coli isolates. Whole genome sequencing was conducted. Four E. coli isolates were tested in HFIM with an initial inoculum of ~107 CFU/mL. Dosing regimens tested were piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g, 6-hourly, plus amikacin 30 mg/kg, 24-hourly, as combination therapy, and piperacillin-tazobactam 4.5 g, 6-hourly, amikacin 30 mg/kg, 24-hourly, and meropenem 1 g, 8-hourly, each as monotherapy. We observed that piperacillin-tazobactam and amikacin monotherapy demonstrated initial rapid bacterial killing but then led to amplification of resistant subpopulations. The piperacillin-tazobactam/amikacin combination and meropenem experiments both attained a rapid bacterial killing (~4-5 log10) within 24 h and did not result in any emergence of resistant subpopulations. Genome sequencing demonstrated that all ESBL-producing E. coli clinical isolates carried multiple antibiotic resistance genes including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaEC, blaTEM-1, and aac(6')-Ib-cr. These results suggest that the combination of piperacillin-tazobactam/amikacin may have a potential role as a carbapenem-sparing regimen, which should be tested in future urosepsis clinical trials.
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9
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Hou Y, Mi K, Sun L, Zhou K, Wang L, Zhang L, Liu Z, Huang L. The Application of Hollow Fiber Cartridge in Biomedicine. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071485. [PMID: 35890380 PMCID: PMC9316653 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hollow fiber cartridge has the advantages of good semi-permeability, high surface area to volume ratio, convenient operation, and so on. Its application in chemical analysis, drug in vitro experiment, hemodialysis, and other fields has been deeply studied. This paper introduces the basic structure of hollow fiber cartridge, compares the advantages and disadvantages of a hollow fiber infection model constructed by a hollow fiber cartridge with traditional static model and animal infection model and introduces its application in drug effects, mechanism of drug resistance, and evaluation of combined drug regimen. The principle and application of hollow fiber bioreactors for cell culture and hollow fiber dialyzer for dialysis and filtration were discussed. The hollow fiber cartridge, whether used in drug experiments, artificial liver, artificial kidney, etc., has achieved controllable experimental operation and efficient and accurate experimental results, and will provide more convenience and support for drug development and clinical research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Lei Sun
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lei Wang
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lan Zhang
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Zhenli Liu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (K.M.); (Z.L.)
- MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (L.S.); (K.Z.); (L.W.)
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Tait JR, Bilal H, Rogers KE, Lang Y, Kim TH, Zhou J, Wallis SC, Bulitta JB, Kirkpatrick CMJ, Paterson DL, Lipman J, Bergen PJ, Roberts JA, Nation RL, Landersdorfer CB. Effect of Different Piperacillin-Tazobactam Dosage Regimens on Synergy of the Combination with Tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the Pharmacokinetics of Critically Ill Patients in a Dynamic Infection Model. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11010101. [PMID: 35052977 PMCID: PMC8772788 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated piperacillin-tazobactam and tobramycin regimens against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from critically ill patients. Static-concentration time-kill studies (SCTK) assessed piperacillin-tazobactam and tobramycin monotherapies and combinations against four isolates over 72 h. A 120 h-dynamic in vitro infection model (IVM) investigated isolates Pa1281 (MICpiperacillin 4 mg/L, MICtobramycin 0.5 mg/L) and CR380 (MICpiperacillin 32 mg/L, MICtobramycin 1 mg/L), simulating the pharmacokinetics of: (A) tobramycin 7 mg/kg q24 h (0.5 h-infusions, t1/2 = 3.1 h); (B) piperacillin 4 g q4 h (0.5 h-infusions, t1/2 = 1.5 h); (C) piperacillin 24 g/day, continuous infusion; A + B; A + C. Total and less-susceptible bacteria were determined. SCTK demonstrated synergy of the combination for all isolates. In the IVM, regimens A and B provided initial killing, followed by extensive regrowth by 72 h for both isolates. C provided >4 log10 CFU/mL killing, followed by regrowth close to initial inoculum by 96 h for Pa1281, and suppressed growth to <4 log10 CFU/mL for CR380. A and A + B initially suppressed counts of both isolates to <1 log10 CFU/mL, before regrowth to control or starting inoculum and resistance emergence by 72 h. Overall, the combination including intermittent piperacillin-tazobactam did not provide a benefit over tobramycin monotherapy. A + C, the combination regimen with continuous infusion of piperacillin-tazobactam, provided synergistic killing (counts <1 log10 CFU/mL) of Pa1281 and CR380, and suppressed regrowth to <2 and <4 log10 CFU/mL, respectively, and resistance emergence over 120 h. The shape of the concentration–time curve was important for synergy of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R. Tait
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (J.R.T.); (K.E.R.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Hajira Bilal
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (H.B.); (C.M.J.K.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Kate E. Rogers
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (J.R.T.); (K.E.R.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Yinzhi Lang
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea;
| | - Jieqiang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Steven C. Wallis
- The University of Queensland Center for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (S.C.W.); (D.L.P.); (J.L.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jürgen B. Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (J.B.B.)
| | - Carl M. J. Kirkpatrick
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (H.B.); (C.M.J.K.); (P.J.B.)
| | - David L. Paterson
- The University of Queensland Center for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (S.C.W.); (D.L.P.); (J.L.); (J.A.R.)
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- The University of Queensland Center for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (S.C.W.); (D.L.P.); (J.L.); (J.A.R.)
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30900 Nîmes, France
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Phillip J. Bergen
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (H.B.); (C.M.J.K.); (P.J.B.)
| | - Jason A. Roberts
- The University of Queensland Center for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (S.C.W.); (D.L.P.); (J.L.); (J.A.R.)
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
- Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Roger L. Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (J.R.T.); (K.E.R.); (R.L.N.)
| | - Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (J.R.T.); (K.E.R.); (R.L.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-990-39011
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11
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A personalised approach to antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in critically ill patients. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021; 40:100970. [PMID: 34728411 DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2021.100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with severe infections, or those who develop nosocomial infections, have poor outcomes with substantial morbidity and mortality. Such patients commonly have suboptimal antibiotic exposures at routinely used antibiotic doses related to an increased volume of distribution and altered clearance due to their underlying altered physiology. Furthermore, the use of extracorporeal devices such as renal replacement therapy and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in these group of patients also has the potential to alter in vivo drug concentrations. Moreover, ICU patients are likely to be infected with less-susceptible pathogens. Therefore, one potential contributing cause to the poor outcomes observed in critically ill patients may be related to subtherapeutic antibiotic exposures. Newer concepts include the clinician considering optimised dosing based on a blood antibiotic exposure defined by pharmacokinetic modelling and therapeutic drug monitoring, combined with a knowledge of the antibiotic penetration into the site of infection, thereby achieving optimal bacterial killing. Such optimised dosing is likely to improve patient outcomes. The aim of this review is to highlight key aspects of antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in critically ill patients and provide a PK/PD approach to tailor antibiotic dosing to the individual patient.
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12
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Pourtois JD, Kratochvil MJ, Chen Q, Haddock NL, Burgener EB, De Leo GA, Bollyky PL. Filamentous Bacteriophages and the Competitive Interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains under Antibiotic Treatment: a Modeling Study. mSystems 2021; 6:e0019321. [PMID: 34156288 PMCID: PMC8269214 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00193-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is a major bacterial pathogen responsible for chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Recent work has implicated Pf bacteriophages, nonlytic filamentous viruses produced by Pa, in the chronicity and severity of Pa infections. Pf phages act as structural elements in Pa biofilms and sequester aerosolized antibiotics, thereby contributing to antibiotic tolerance. Consistent with a selective advantage in this setting, the prevalence of Pf-positive (Pf+) bacteria increases over time in these patients. However, the production of Pf phages comes at a metabolic cost to bacteria, such that Pf+ strains grow more slowly than Pf-negative (Pf-) strains in vitro. Here, we use a mathematical model to investigate how these competing pressures might influence the relative abundance of Pf+ versus Pf- strains in different settings. Our model suggests that Pf+ strains of Pa cannot outcompete Pf- strains if the benefits of phage production falls onto both Pf+ and Pf- strains for a majority of parameter combinations. Further, phage production leads to a net positive gain in fitness only at antibiotic concentrations slightly above the MIC (i.e., concentrations for which the benefits of antibiotic sequestration outweigh the metabolic cost of phage production) but which are not lethal for Pf+ strains. As a result, our model suggests that frequent administration of intermediate doses of antibiotics with low decay rates and high killing rates favors Pf+ over Pf- strains. These models inform our understanding of the ecology of Pf phages and suggest potential treatment strategies for Pf+ Pa infections. IMPORTANCE Filamentous phages are a frontier in bacterial pathogenesis, but the impact of these phages on bacterial fitness is unclear. In particular, Pf phages produced by Pa promote antibiotic tolerance but are metabolically expensive to produce, suggesting that competing pressures may influence the prevalence of Pf+ versus Pf- strains of Pa in different settings. Our results identify conditions likely to favor Pf+ strains and thus antibiotic tolerance. This study contributes to a better understanding of the unique ecology of filamentous phages in both environmental and clinical settings and may facilitate improved treatment strategies for combating antibiotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D. Pourtois
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
| | - Michael J. Kratochvil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Naomi L. Haddock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Burgener
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, USA
| | - Paul L. Bollyky
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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13
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Zhou K, Mi K, Ma W, Xu X, Huo M, Algharib SA, Pan Y, Xie S, Huang L. Application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to promote the development of veterinary drugs with high efficacy and safety. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:663-678. [PMID: 34009661 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models have become important tools for the development of novel human drugs. Food-producing animals and pets comprise an important part of human life, and the development of veterinary drugs (VDs) has greatly impacted human health. Owing to increased affordability of and demand for drug development, VD manufacturing companies should have more PBPK models required to reduce drug production costs. So far, little attention has been paid on applying PBPK models for the development of VDs. This review begins with the development processes of VDs; then summarizes case studies of PBPK models in human or VD development; and analyzes the application, potential, and advantages of PBPK in VD development, including candidate screening, formulation optimization, food effects, target-species safety, and dosing optimization. Then, the challenges of applying the PBPK model to VD development are discussed. Finally, future opportunities of PBPK models in designing dosing regimens for intracellular pathogenic infections and for efficient oral absorption of VDs are further forecasted. This review will be relevant to readers who are interested in using a PBPK model to develop new VDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhou
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Mi
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjin Ma
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangyue Xu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Meixia Huo
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China
| | - Samah Attia Algharib
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Egypt
| | - Yuanhu Pan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuyu Xie
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan, China.,MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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14
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Agyeman AA, Rogers KE, Tait JR, Bergen PJ, Kirkpatrick CM, Wallis SC, Bulitta JB, Paterson DL, Lipman J, Nation RL, Roberts JA, Landersdorfer CB. Evaluation of Meropenem‐Ciprofloxacin Combination Dosage Regimens for the Pharmacokinetics of Critically Ill Patients With Augmented Renal Clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:1104-1115. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akosua A. Agyeman
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Kate E. Rogers
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Jessica R. Tait
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Phillip J. Bergen
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Carl M. Kirkpatrick
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Steven C. Wallis
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jürgen B. Bulitta
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research College of Pharmacy University of Florida Orlando Florida USA
| | - David L. Paterson
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Roger L. Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Jason A. Roberts
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Cornelia B. Landersdorfer
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
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15
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Landersdorfer CB, Nation RL. Key Challenges in Providing Effective Antibiotic Therapy for Critically Ill Patients with Bacterial Sepsis and Septic Shock. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 109:892-904. [PMID: 33570163 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early initiation of effective antibiotic therapy is vitally important for saving the lives of critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock. The susceptibility of the infecting pathogen and the ability of the selected dosage regimen to safely achieve the required antibiotic exposure need to be carefully considered to achieve a high probability of a successful outcome. Critically ill patients commonly experience substantial pathophysiological changes that impact the functions of various organs, including the kidneys. Many antibiotics are predominantly renally eliminated and thus renal function is a major determinant of the regimen needed to achieve the required antibiotic exposure. However, currently, there is a paucity of guidelines to inform antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients, including those with sepsis or septic shock. This paper briefly reviews methods that are commonly used in critically ill patients to provide a measure of renal function, and approaches that describe the relationship between the exposure to an antibiotic and its antibacterial effects. Two common conditions that very substantially complicate the use of antibiotics in critically ill patients with sepsis, unstable renal function, and augmented renal clearance, are considered in detail and their potential therapeutic implications are explored. Suggestions are provided on how treatment of bacterial infections in critically ill patients with sepsis might be improved. Of high potential are model-informed approaches that aim to individualize initial treatment regimens based on patient and bacterial characteristics, with refinement of regimens during treatment in response to monitoring antibiotic concentrations, responsive measures of renal function, and other important clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia B Landersdorfer
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition, and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Sumi CD, Heffernan AJ, Naicker S, Islam K, Cottrell K, Wallis SC, Lipman J, Harris PNA, Sime FB, Roberts JA. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of intermittent versus extended and continuous infusions of piperacillin/tazobactam in a hollow-fibre infection model against Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:2633-2640. [PMID: 32585693 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare bacterial killing and the emergence of resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam, administered by intermittent versus prolonged infusion (i.e. extended or continuous), for ceftriaxone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in an in vitro dynamic hollow-fibre infection model (HFIM). METHODS K. pneumoniae 68 (Kp68; MIC = 8 mg/L, producing SHV-106 and DHA-1) and K. pneumoniae 69 (Kp69; MIC = 1 mg/L, producing CTX-M-14) were studied in the HFIM over 7 days (initial inoculum ~107 cfu/mL). Six piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens for Kp68 (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions, 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion, 4/0.5 g 6 hourly as 0.5 and 3 h infusions and 16/2 g/24 h continuous infusion) and three piperacillin/tazobactam dosing regimens for Kp69 (4/0.5 g 8 hourly as 0.5 and 4 h infusions and 12/1.5 g/24 h continuous infusion) were simulated (piperacillin clearance = 14 L/h, creatinine clearance = 100 mL/min). Total and resistant populations and MICs were quantified/determined. RESULTS For Kp68, all simulated dosing regimens exhibited approximately 4 log10 of bacterial killing at 8 h followed by regrowth to approximately 1011 cfu/mL within 24 h. The MICs for resistant subpopulations exceeded 256 mg/L at 72 h. Similarly, for Kp69, all simulated dosing regimens exhibited approximately 4 log10 of bacterial killing over 8 h; however, only the continuous infusion prevented bacterial regrowth. CONCLUSIONS Compared with intermittent infusion, prolonged infusion did not increase initial bacterial killing and suppression of regrowth of plasmid-mediated AmpC- and ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. However, continuous infusion may suppress regrowth of some ESBL-producing susceptible K. pneumoniae, although more data are warranted to confirm this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Datta Sumi
- Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aaron J Heffernan
- Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saiyuri Naicker
- Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kamrul Islam
- Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyra Cottrell
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Steven C Wallis
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, Central Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fekade B Sime
- Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Centre for Translational Anti-Infective Pharmacodynamics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France.,Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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17
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Zhao L, Li X, He X, Jian L. Levofloxacin-ceftazidime administration regimens combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the hollow-fiber infection model simulating abnormal renal function in critically ill patients. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:20. [PMID: 32131897 PMCID: PMC7057547 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-0396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effects of levofloxacin and ceftazidime as both monotherapy and combination therapy, and to determine their effects on resistance suppression in patients with normal and abnormal (Ccr:16-20 mL/min) renal function. Common clinical administration regimens to provide reference values were further evaluated. METHODS The 7-d hollow-fiber infection model was used to inject the Pseudomonas aeruginosa standard strain (ATCC27853), which simulated common clinical administration regimens for patients with different renal function. Ten regimens were stratified into 2 categories based on renal function, and each category contained 3 monotherapy regimens and 2 combination therapy regimens. Total and resistant populations were quantified. Drug concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Monotherapy regimens resulted in about 0.5-log-CFU/mL bacterial kill in the total population at 6 or 8 h, whilst combination regimens resulted in 2- to 3-log-CFU/mL within 2 days. For levofloxacin monotherapy regimens in patients with normal renal function, resistance emergence was seen after 6 h, and was seen at 0 h in the ceftazidime monotherapy regimen, as well as in all regimens of patients with abnormal renal function. Although resistant subpopulation in combination regimens with abnormal renal function began to increase at 0 h, there was a definite downward trend after 8 h, while resistant population in the normal renal function group increased after 16 h. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy had greater bactericidal efficacy and resistance inhibition compared with monotherapy. Studying combination regimens in randomized clinical trials is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - X Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - X He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - L Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Meropenem-Tobramycin Combination Regimens Combat Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model Simulating Augmented Renal Clearance in Critically Ill Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 64:AAC.01679-19. [PMID: 31636062 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01679-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Augmented renal clearance (ARC) is common in critically ill patients and is associated with subtherapeutic concentrations of renally eliminated antibiotics. We investigated the impact of ARC on bacterial killing and resistance amplification for meropenem and tobramycin regimens in monotherapy and combination. Two carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were studied in static-concentration time-kill studies. One isolate was examined comprehensively in a 7-day hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM). Pharmacokinetic profiles representing substantial ARC (creatinine clearance of 250 ml/min) were generated in the HFIM for meropenem (1 g or 2 g administered every 8 h as 30-min infusion and 3 g/day or 6 g/day as continuous infusion [CI]) and tobramycin (7 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h as 30-min infusion) regimens. The time courses of total and less-susceptible bacterial populations and MICs were determined for the monotherapies and all four combination regimens. Mechanism-based mathematical modeling (MBM) was performed. In the HFIM, maximum bacterial killing with any meropenem monotherapy was ∼3 log10 CFU/ml at 7 h, followed by rapid regrowth with increases in resistant populations by 24 h (meropenem MIC of up to 128 mg/liter). Tobramycin monotherapy produced extensive initial killing (∼7 log10 at 4 h) with rapid regrowth by 24 h, including substantial increases in resistant populations (tobramycin MIC of 32 mg/liter). Combination regimens containing meropenem administered intermittently or as a 3-g/day CI suppressed regrowth for ∼1 to 3 days, with rapid regrowth of resistant bacteria. Only a 6-g/day CI of meropenem combined with tobramycin suppressed regrowth and resistance over 7 days. MBM described bacterial killing and regrowth for all regimens well. The mode of meropenem administration was critical for the combination to be maximally effective against carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa.
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Niu J, Straubinger RM, Mager DE. Pharmacodynamic Drug-Drug Interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2019; 105:1395-1406. [PMID: 30912119 PMCID: PMC6529235 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by that of another drug in a combination regimen. DDIs often are classified as synergistic, additive, or antagonistic in nature, albeit these terms are frequently misused. Within a complex pathophysiological system, the mechanism of interaction may occur at the same target or through alternate pathways. Quantitative evaluation of pharmacodynamic DDIs by employing modeling and simulation approaches is needed to identify and optimize safe and effective combination therapy regimens. This review investigates the opportunities and challenges in pharmacodynamic DDI studies and highlights examples of quantitative methods for evaluating pharmacodynamic DDIs, with a particular emphasis on the use of mechanism-based modeling and simulation in DDI studies. Advancements in both experimental and computational techniques will enable the application of better, model-informed assessments of pharmacodynamic DDIs in drug discovery, development, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert M. Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Donald E. Mager
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Meropenem Combined with Ciprofloxacin Combats Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Respiratory Infections of Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.01150-18. [PMID: 30104278 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01150-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms are prevalent in chronic respiratory infections and have been associated with reduced lung function in cystic fibrosis (CF); these isolates can become resistant to all antibiotics in monotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the time course of bacterial killing and resistance of meropenem and ciprofloxacin in combination against hypermutable and nonhypermutable P. aeruginosa Static concentration time-kill experiments over 72 h assessed meropenem and ciprofloxacin in mono- and combination therapies against PAO1 (nonhypermutable), PAOΔmutS (hypermutable), and hypermutable isolates CW8, CW35, and CW44 obtained from CF patients with chronic respiratory infections. Meropenem (1 or 2 g every 8 h [q8h] as 3-h infusions and 3 g/day as a continuous infusion) and ciprofloxacin (400 mg q8h as 1-h infusions) in monotherapies and combinations were further evaluated in an 8-day hollow-fiber infection model study (HFIM) against CW44. Concentration-time profiles in lung epithelial lining fluid reflecting the pharmacokinetics in CF patients were simulated and counts of total and resistant bacteria determined. All data were analyzed by mechanism-based modeling (MBM). In the HFIM, all monotherapies resulted in rapid regrowth with resistance at 48 h. The maximum daily doses of 6 g meropenem (T>MIC of 80% to 88%) and 1.2 g ciprofloxacin (area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC [AUC/MIC], 176), both given intermittently, in monotherapy failed to suppress regrowth and resulted in substantial emergence of resistance (≥7.6 log10 CFU/ml resistant populations). The combination of these regimens achieved synergistic killing and suppressed resistance. MBM with subpopulation and mechanistic synergy yielded unbiased and precise curve fits. Thus, the combination of 6 g/day meropenem plus ciprofloxacin holds promise for future clinical evaluation against infections by susceptible hypermutable P. aeruginosa.
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