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Hussain M, Thakur RK, Khazir J, Ahmed S, Khan MI, Rahi P, Peer LA, Shanmugam PV, Kaur S, Raina SN, Reshi ZA, Sehgal D, Rajpal VR, Mir BA. Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of the Genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae): A High-value Medicinal Plant. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:301-342. [PMID: 37711006 DOI: 10.2174/1568026623666230914104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active secondary metabolites, essential oils, and volatile compounds derived from medicinal and aromatic plants play a crucial role in promoting human health. Within the large family Asteraceae, the genus Artemisia consists of approximately 500 species. Artemisia species have a rich history in traditional medicine worldwide, offering remedies for a wide range of ailments, such as malaria, jaundice, toothache, gastrointestinal problems, wounds, inflammatory diseases, diarrhoea, menstrual pains, skin disorders, headache, and intestinal parasites. The therapeutic potential of Artemisia species is derived from a multitude of phytoconstituents, including terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, lignans, and alkaloids that serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The remarkable antimalarial, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antispasmodic, antioxidative and insecticidal properties possessed by the species are attributed to these APIs. Interestingly, several commercially utilized pharmaceutical drugs, including arglabin, artemisinin, artemether, artesunate, santonin, and tarralin have also been derived from different Artemisia species. However, despite the vast medicinal potential, only a limited number of Artemisia species have been exploited commercially. Further, the available literature on traditional and pharmacological uses of Artemisia lacks comprehensive reviews. Therefore, there is an urgent need to bridge the existing knowledge gaps and provide a scientific foundation for future Artemisia research endeavours. It is in this context, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, documented biological properties and toxicity of all the species of Artemisia and offers useful insights for practitioners and researchers into underutilized species and their potential applications. This review aims to stimulate further exploration, experimentation and collaboration to fully realize the therapeutic potential of Artemisia in augmenting human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Hussain
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rakesh Kr Thakur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P, 201313, India
| | - Jabeena Khazir
- Department of Chemistry, HKM Govt. Degree College Eidgah, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Sajad Ahmed
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road Jammu, 180001, J&K, India
| | | | - Praveen Rahi
- Biological Resources Center, Institut Pasteur, University de Paris, Paris, 75015, France
| | - Latif Ahmad Peer
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | | | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical & Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Soom Nath Raina
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, U.P, 201313, India
| | - Zafar Ahmad Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Deepmala Sehgal
- Syngenta, Jeolett's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Vijay Rani Rajpal
- Department of Botany, HansRaj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
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Le-Tien C, Blemur L, Baltzis D. Artesunate Dry Emulsion Formulation Combined with Antibiotics for Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections: In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11008. [PMID: 37446184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the primary pathogen responsible for causing gastroduodenal ulcers and stomach cancer. The standard treatment for H. pylori typically involves a combination of antibiotics and acid-reducing medications. However, the recurrence of ulcers is closely linked to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori, necessitating the development of alternative drugs. This report focuses on the investigation of artesunate as a potential alternative to reduce antibiotic use and enhance effectiveness against H. pylori. Unfortunately, commercial artesunate is available in an acid form, which has poor solubility, especially in gastric acid fluid. The aim of this study is to utilize a water-soluble formulation of artesunate called dry emulsion formulation (ADEF) and combine it with amoxicillin to eradicate H. pylori. In vitro studies were conducted to evaluate the activity of ADEF against H. pylori and determine its inhibitory concentrations. In addition, pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered ADEF and native artesunate were investigated in rats for in vivo studies. The results showed that when combined with amoxicillin and pantoprazole, ADEF exhibited effectiveness against H. pylori. It is worth noting that the solubility of ADEF in gastric acid appears to be a critical factor for achieving successful treatment. Consequently, ADEF could be considered a promising candidate for H. pylori therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canh Le-Tien
- Solstar Pharma, Department of Chemistry, 237-43 Boulevard Samson, Laval, QC H7X 3R8, Canada
| | - Lindsay Blemur
- Solstar Pharma, Department of Chemistry, 237-43 Boulevard Samson, Laval, QC H7X 3R8, Canada
| | - Dennis Baltzis
- Solstar Pharma, Department of Chemistry, 237-43 Boulevard Samson, Laval, QC H7X 3R8, Canada
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Yan Z, Zhong L, Zhu W, Chung SK, Hou P. Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases ─ targeting cardiac ion channels. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106765. [PMID: 37075871 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, imposing an increasing global health burden. Cardiac ion channels (voltage-gated NaV, CaV, KVs, and others) synergistically shape the cardiac action potential (AP) and control the heartbeat. Dysfunction of these channels, due to genetic mutations, transcriptional or post-translational modifications, may disturb the AP and lead to arrhythmia, a major risk for CVD patients. Although there are five classes of anti-arrhythmic drugs available, they can have varying levels of efficacies and side effects on patients, possibly due to the complex pathogenesis of arrhythmias. As an alternative treatment option, Chinese herbal remedies have shown promise in regulating cardiac ion channels and providing anti-arrhythmic effects. In this review, we first discuss the role of cardiac ion channels in maintaining normal heart function and the pathogenesis of CVD, then summarize the classification of Chinese herbal compounds, and elaborate detailed mechanisms of their efficacy in regulating cardiac ion channels and in alleviating arrhythmia and CVD. We also address current limitations and opportunities for developing new anti-CVD drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yan
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wandi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Innovation Engineering at Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Panpan Hou
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao SAR, China; Macau University of Science and Technology Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute. Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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In Vitro Activity of the Arylaminoartemisinin GC012 against Helicobacter pylori and Its Effects on Biofilm. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070740. [PMID: 35889986 PMCID: PMC9324866 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro activity of the arylaminoartemisinin GC012, readily obtained from dihydroartemisinin (DHA), against clinical strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with different antibiotic susceptibilities in the planktonic and sessile state. The activity was assessed in terms of bacteriostatic and bactericidal potential. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the broth microdilution method. After treatment with GC012, all bacterial strains showed significantly lower MIC and MBC values compared to those of DHA. The effect of combination of GC012 with antibiotics was examined using the checkerboard method. GC012 displayed synergistic interactions with metronidazole, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin in all the strains. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated via crystal violet staining, AlamarBlue® assay, colony-forming unit count, and fluorescence microscopy. At ½ MIC and ¼ MIC concentration, both GC012 and DHA inhibited biofilm formation, but only GC012 showed a minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) on mature biofilm. Furthermore, both compounds induced structural changes in the bacterial membrane, as observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is thereby demonstrated that GC012 has the potential to be efficacious against H. pylori infection.
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Janz J, Shayya NW, Bereswill S, Heimesaat MM. Absinthe against multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens? A recent update on the antibacterial effects of Artemisia compounds. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2022; 12:31-38. [PMID: 35471952 PMCID: PMC9630932 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2022.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The widespread misuse of antibiotics leads to a rapid development of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens all over the globe, resulting in serious difficulties when treating infectious diseases. Possible solutions are not limited to the development of novel synthetic antibiotics but extend to application of plant-derived products either alone or in combination with common antibiotics. The aim of this actual review was to survey the literature from the past 10 years regarding the antibacterial effects of distinct Artemisia species including Artemisia absinthiae constituting an integral component of the Absinthe drink. We further explored the synergistic antibacterial effects of the Artemisia plant products with established antibiotics. The survey portrays the Artemisia derived compounds as potent antibacterial agents that can even restore the efficacy of antibiotics against MDR bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and MDR Escherichia coli. This, in turn, is presumably triggered in part by the interaction of the Artemisia ingredients with the efflux pumps of MDR bacteria. In conclusion, biologically active molecules in Artemisia plants enhance the antibiotic susceptibility of resistant bacteria, which provide promising future therapeutic strategies to combat MDR bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Janz
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nizar W. Shayya
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Bereswill
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus M. Heimesaat
- Gastrointestinal Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
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Research Progress on Natural Products’ Therapeutic Effects on Atrial Fibrillation by Regulating Ion Channels. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:4559809. [PMID: 35387267 PMCID: PMC8964196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4559809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) have a therapeutic effect on atrial fibrillation (AF) by regulating the function of ion channels. However, several adverse effects and high recurrence rates after drug withdrawal seriously affect patients’ medication compliance and clinical prognosis. Thus, safer and more effective drugs are urgently needed. Active components extracted from natural products are potential choices for AF therapy. Natural products like Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen, Sophora flavescens Ait., Stephania tetrandra S. Moore., Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi var. thomsonii (Benth.) Vaniot der Maesen., and Coptis chinensis Franch. have a long history in the treatment of arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure in China. Based on the classification of chemical structures, this article discussed the natural product components’ therapeutic effects on atrial fibrillation by regulating ion channels, connexins, and expression of related genes, in order to provide a reference for development of therapeutic drugs for atrial fibrillation.
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of antimalarial and antileukemic activity of new C-10 modified artemisinin derivatives. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhu C, Liao B, Ye X, Zhou Y, Chen X, Liao M, Cheng L, Zhou X, Ren B. Artemisinin elevates ergosterol levels of Candida albicans to synergise with amphotericin B against oral candidiasis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021; 58:106394. [PMID: 34197906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2021.106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral candidiasis, especially caused by Candida albicans, is the most common fungal infection of the oral cavity. The increase in drug resistance and lack of new antifungal agents call for new strategies of antifungal treatment. This study repurposed artemisinin (Art) as a potentiator to the polyene amphotericin B (AmB) and characterised their synergistic mechanism against C. albicans and oral candidiasis. The synergistic antifungal activity between Art and AmB was identified by the checkerboard and recovery plate assays according to the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). Art showed no antifungal activity even at >200 mg/L. However, it significantly reduced AmB dosages against the wild-type strain and 75 clinical isolates of C. albicans (FICI ≤ 0.5). Art significantly upregulated expression of genes from the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway (ERG1, ERG3, ERG9 and ERG11), as shown by RT-qPCR, and elevated the ergosterol content of Candida cells. Increased ergosterol content significantly enhanced binding between fungal cells and the polyene agent, resulting in sensitisation of C. albicans to AmB. Drug combinations of Art and AmB showed synergistic activity against oral mucosal infection in vivo by reducing the epithelial infection area, fungal burden and inflammatory infiltrates in murine oropharyngeal candidiasis. These findings indicate a novel synergistic antifungal drug combination and a new Art mechanism of action, suggesting that drug repurposing is a clinically practical means of antifungal drug development and treatment of oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengguang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xingchen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Anti- Helicobacter pylori Activity of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana and Two of Its Bioactive Components, Estafiatin and Eupatilin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123654. [PMID: 34203927 PMCID: PMC8232798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana has been traditionally used for the treatment of digestive ailments such as gastritis, whose main etiological agent is Helicobacter pylori. In a previous screening study, the aqueous extract exhibited a good in vitro anti-H. pylori activity. With the aim of determining the efficacy of this species as a treatment for H. pylori related diseases and finding bioactive compounds, its aqueous extract was subjected to solvent partitioning and the fractions obtained were tested for their in vitro anti-H. pylori effect, as well as for their in vivo gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. The aqueous extract showed a MIC = 250 µg/mL. No acute toxicity was induced in mice. A gastroprotection of 69.8 ± 3.8%, as well as anti-inflammatory effects of 47.6 ± 12.4% and 38.8 ± 10.2% (by oral and topical administration, respectively), were attained. Estafiatin and eupatilin were isolated and exhibited anti-H. pylori activity with MBCs of 15.6 and 31.2 µg/mL, respectively. The finding that A. ludoviciana aqueous extract has significant anti-H. pylori, gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities is a relevant contribution to the ethnopharmacological knowledge of this species. This work is the first report about the in vivo gastroprotective activity of A. ludoviciana and the anti-H. pylori activity of eupatilin and estafiatin.
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Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin Mucoadhesive Delivery System for Helicobacter pylori Infection in a Mouse Model: Characterization, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020153. [PMID: 33498958 PMCID: PMC7911155 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the main pathogen responsible for gastric ulcers and a predisposing factor of stomach cancer. Although current treatment is usually successful, it requires high doses and frequent administration. An innovative mucoadhesive system (Mucolast®) loaded with amoxicillin and clarithromycin is proposed to improve the efficacy of treatment against H. pylori. The drug product was optimized based on its viscoelastic properties to obtain long-term stability of the vehicle. The drug release mechanisms were different for both antibiotics based on their solubilization status. A systemic and stomach pharmacokinetic profile was obtained after three different doses were administered to mice, obtaining similar systemic exposure levels but an increase in drug concentration in the stomach. The efficacy results in mice infected with H. pylori also demonstrated the superiority of the antibiotics when administered in Mucolast®, as shown by the bacterial count in stomach tissue and under histopathological and biochemical evaluation. The proposed treatment was efficacious and safe and is presented as a realistic alternative to current treatment options to improve patient compliance and to reduce bacterial resistance.
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Patel OPS, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Exploration of artemisinin derivatives and synthetic peroxides in antimalarial drug discovery research. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113193. [PMID: 33508479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by protozoal parasites belonging to the genus Plasmodium. It caused an estimated 405,000 deaths and 228 million malaria cases globally in 2018 as per the World Malaria Report released by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019. Artemisinin (ART), a "Nobel medicine" and its derivatives have proven potential application in antimalarial drug discovery programs. In this review, antimalarial activity of the most active artemisinin derivatives modified at C-10/C-11/C-16/C-6 positions and synthetic peroxides (endoperoxides, 1,2,4-trioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes) are systematically summarized. The developmental trend of ART derivatives, and cyclic peroxides along with their antimalarial activity and how the activity is affected by structural variations on different sites of the compounds are discussed. This compilation would be very useful towards scaffold hopping aimed at avoiding the unnecessary complexity in cyclic peroxides, and ultimately act as a handy resource for the development of potential chemotherapeutics against Plasmodium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om P S Patel
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
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Ambay TM, Schick P, Grimm M, Sager M, Schneider F, Koziolek M, Siegmund W, Schindele F, Haas R, Weitschies W. Design and Optimization of a Novel Strategy for the Local Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1302-1309. [PMID: 33253724 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Helicobacter pylori are a global challenge. Currently, H. pylori infections are treated systemically, but the eradication rates of the different therapy regimens are declining due to the growing number of bacterial strains resistant to major antibiotics. Here, we present a strategy for the local eradication of H. pylori by the use of Penicillin G sodium (PGS). In vitro experiments revealed that PGS shows high antibiotic activity against resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.125 μg/ml. In order to provide luminal concentrations above the MIC for longer periods of time, an extended release tablet was developed. Alkalizers were included to prevent acidic degradation of PGS within the tablet matrix. Out of the tested alkalizers MgO, l-Lysine, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3 NaHCO3 provided the strongest rise in pH inside the hydrated matrix when tested in simulated gastric fluid. Better PGS stability can mainly reasoned from that, addition of MgO resulted in high pH values within the matrix, causing basic degradation of PGS. This work is a first step towards the use of extended release tablets containing PGS for the local treatment of H. pylori as a safe and cost-effective alternative to common systemic treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taddese Mekonnen Ambay
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Sager
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Schneider
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mirko Koziolek
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Franziska Schindele
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Chair of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
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Tehlan A, Karmakar BC, Paul S, Kumar R, Kaur I, Ghosh A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dhar SK. Antibacterial action of acriflavine hydrochloride for eradication of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5942657. [PMID: 33118020 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a type 1 carcinogen, accounts for numerous gastric cancer-related deaths worldwide. Repurposing existing drugs or developing new ones for a combinatorial approach against increasing antimicrobial resistance is the need of the hour. This study highlights the efficacy of acriflavine hydrochloride (ACF-HCl) in inhibiting the growth of H. pylori reference strain and antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates at low concentrations. ACF-HCl inhibits H. pylori growth at MIC value 10 times less than that in Escherichia coli, another Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, ACF-HCl demonstrates synergistic effect with clarithromycin, a commonly used antibiotic against H. pylori. ACF-HCl treatment also eradicates H. pylori infection in the mice model efficiently. Our in vitro data indicate that bacterial membrane is the prime target. The novel action of ACF-HCl against antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates, synergistic effect with the conventional antibiotic clarithromycin and eradication of H. pylori from infected mice highlight the potential of ACF-HCl as a promising therapeutic agent against H. pylori by itself as well as for combinatorial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Tehlan
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Bipul Chandra Karmakar
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Sangita Paul
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Raghwan Kumar
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Amit Ghosh
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Suman Kumar Dhar
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi 110067, India
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Mandal SK, Debnath U, Kumar A, Thomas S, Mandal SC, Choudhury MD, Palit P. Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders and cancer: A Systematic Study of this Emerging Therapeutic Approach based on Chemical and Pharmacological Aspect. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817999200421144007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Introduction:
Sesquiterpene lactones are a class of secondary metabolite
that contains sesquiterpenoids and lactone ring as pharmacophore moiety. A large group of bioactive
secondary metabolites such as phytopharmaceuticals belong to this category. From the Asteraceae
family-based medicinal plants, more than 5,000 sesquiterpene lactones have been reported so
far. Sesquiterpene lactone-based pharmacophore moieties hold promise for broad-spectrum biological
activities against cancer, inflammation, parasitic, bacterial, fungal, viral infection and other functional
disorders. Moreover, these moiety based phytocompounds have been highlighted with a new
dimension in the natural drug discovery program worldwide after the 2015 Medicine Nobel Prize
achieved by the Artemisinin researchers.
Objective:
These bitter substances often contain an α, β-unsaturated-γ-lactone as a major structural
backbone, which in recent studies has been explored to be associated with anti-tumor, cytotoxic, and
anti-inflammatory action. Recently, the use of sesquiterpene lactones as phytomedicine has been
increased. This study will review the prospect of sesquiterpene lactones against inflammation and
cancer.
Methods:
Hence, we emphasized on the different features of this moiety by incorporating its structural
diversity on biological activities to explore structure-activity relationships (SAR) against inflammation
and cancer.
Results:
How the dual mode of action such as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer has been exhibitedby
these phytopharmaceuticals will be forecasted in this study. Furthermore, the correlation of
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity executed by the sesquiterpene lactones for fruitful phytotherapy
will also be revealed in the present review in the milieu of pharmacophore activity relation
and pharmacodynamics study as well.
Conclusion:
So, these metabolites are paramount in phytopharmacological aspects. The present discussion
on the future prospect of this moiety based on the reported literature could be a guide for
anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug discovery programs for the upcoming researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Kumar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. B.C. Roy College of Pharmacy & Allied Health Sciences, Durgapur- 713206, India
| | - Utsab Debnath
- School of Pharmaceutical Technology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Amresh Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Biotech Hub, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam-686560, Kerala, India
| | - Subhash Chandra Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Manabendra Dutta Choudhury
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Biotech Hub, Assam University, Silchar, Assam-788011, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Division of Pharmacognosy, Assam University (A Central University), Silchar-788011, India
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15
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Efficacy and mechanism of actions of natural antimicrobial drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 216:107671. [PMID: 32916205 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections have significantly increased over the last decades, and the mortality rates remain unacceptably high. The emergence of new resistance patterns and the spread of new viruses challenge the eradication of infectious diseases. The declining efficacy of antimicrobial drugs has become a global public health problem. Natural products derived from natural sources, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms, have significant efficacy for the treatment of infectious diseases accompanied by less adverse effects, synergy, and ability to overcome drug resistance. As the Chinese female scientist Youyou Tu received the Nobel Prize for the antimalarial drug artemisinin, antimicrobial drugs developed from Traditional Chinese Medicine are expected to receive increasing attention again. This review summarizes the antimicrobial agents derived from natural products approved for nearly 20 years and describes their efficacy and mode of action. The aim of this unit is to review the current status of antimicrobial drugs from natural products in order to increase the value of natural products as a source of novel drug candidates for infectious diseases.
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Krzyżek P, Grande R. Transformation of Helicobacter pylori into Coccoid Forms as a Challenge for Research Determining Activity of Antimicrobial Substances. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9030184. [PMID: 32143312 PMCID: PMC7157236 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological variability is one of the phenotypic features related to adaptation of microorganisms to stressful environmental conditions and increased tolerance to antimicrobial substances. Helicobacter pylori, a gastric mucosal pathogen, is characterized by a high heterogeneity and an ability to transform from a spiral to a coccoid form. The presence of the coccoid form is associated with the capacity to avoid immune system detection and to promote therapeutic failures. For this reason, it seems that the investigation for new, alternative methods combating H. pylori should include research of coccoid forms of this pathogen. The current review aimed at collecting information about the activity of antibacterial substances against H. pylori in the context of the morphological variability of this bacterium. The collected data was discussed in terms of the type of substances used, applied research techniques, and interpretation of results. The review was extended by a polemic on the limitations in determining the viability of coccoid H. pylori forms. Finally, recommendations which can help in future research aiming to find new compounds with a potential to eradicate H. pylori have been formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Krzyżek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Rossella Grande
- Center for Aging Science and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), Via Luigi Polacchi, 11, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Fang J, Zhao X, Li S, Xing X, Wang H, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. Protective mechanism of artemisinin on rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide via activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90 rsk-CREB pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 31655619 PMCID: PMC6815409 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation is one of the new therapeutic strategies for treating ischemic brain and heart tissues. However, the poor survival rate of transplanted BMSCs in ischemic tissue, due to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), limits the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. Considering that BMSC survival may greatly enhance the effectiveness of transplantation therapy, development of effective therapeutics capable of mitigating oxidative stress-induced BMSC apoptosis is an important unmet clinical need. Methods BMSCs were isolated from the 4-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats by whole bone marrow adherent culturing, and the characteristics were verified by morphology, immunophenotype, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation potential. BMSCs were pretreated with artemisinin, and H2O2 was used to induce apoptosis. Cell viability was detected by MTT, FACS, LDH, and Hoechst 33342 staining assays. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was measured by JC-1 assay. The apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI and Caspase 3 Activity Assay kits. ROS level was evaluated by using CellROX® Deep Red Reagent. SOD, CAT, and GPx enzymatic activities were assessed separately using Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD Assay Kit with WST-8, Catalase Assay Kit, and Total Glutathione Peroxidase Assay Kit. The effects of artemisinin on protein expression of BMSCs including p-Erk1/2, t-Erk1/2, p-c-Raf, p-p90rsk, p-CREB, BCL-2, Bax, p-Akt, t-Akt, β-actin, and GAPDH were measured by western blotting. Results We characterized for the first time the protective effect of artemisinin, an anti-malaria drug, using oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in vitro, in rat BMSC cultures. We found that artemisinin, at clinically relevant concentrations, improved BMSC survival by reduction of ROS production, increase of antioxidant enzyme activities including SOD, CAT, and GPx, in correlation with decreased Caspase 3 activation, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and apoptosis, all induced by H2O2. Artemisinin significantly increased extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. PD98059, the specific inhibitor of the Erk1/2 pathway, blocked Erk1/2 phosphorylation and artemisinin protection. Similarly, decreased expression of Erk1/2 by siRNA attenuated the protective effect of artemisinin. Additionally, when the upstream activator KRAS was knocked down by siRNA, the protective effect of artemisinin was also blocked. These data strongly indicated the involvement of the Erk1/2 pathway. Consistent with this hypothesis, artemisinin increased the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 upstream kinases proto-oncogene c-RAF serine/threonine-protein kinase (c-Raf) and of Erk1/2 downstream targets p90 ribosomal s6 kinase (p90rsk) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). In addition, we found that the expression of anti-apoptotic protein B cell lymphoma 2 protein (BcL-2) was also upregulated by artemisinin. Conclusion These studies demonstrate the proof of concept of artemisinin therapeutic potential to improve survival in vitro of BMSCs exposed to ROS-induced apoptosis and suggest that artemisinin-mediated protection occurs via the activation of c-Raf-Erk1/2-p90rsk-CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Fang
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xingan Xing
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sothern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China.
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Oral Administration of Clinically Relevant Antimalarial Drugs Does Not Modify the Murine Gut Microbiota. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11952. [PMID: 31420579 PMCID: PMC6697685 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease responsible for the death of around 450,000 people annually. As an effective vaccine against the parasite that causes malaria is not available, antimalarial drug treatments are critical in fighting the disease. Previous data has shown that the gut microbiota is important in modulating the severity of malaria. Although it is well appreciated that antibiotics substantially alter the gut microbiota, it is largely unknown how antimalarial drugs impact the gut microbiota. We show here that the two commonly used artemisinin combination therapies of artesunate plus amodiaquine and artemether plus lumefantrine do not change the gut microbiota. The overall relative species abundance and alpha diversity remained stable after treatment, while beta diversity analysis showed minimal changes due to drug treatment, which were transient and quickly returned to baseline. Additionally, treatment with antimalarial drugs did not change the kinetics of later Plasmodium infection. Taken together, antimalarial drug administration does not affect the gut microbiota.
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19
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Romero M, Freire J, Pastene E, García A, Aranda M, González C. Propolis polyphenolic compounds affect the viability and structure of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ajeigbe KO, Emikpe BO, Olaleye SB. Effects of artemisinin, with or without lumefantrine and amodiaquine on gastric ulcer healing in rat. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 29:515-524. [PMID: 29702486 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antimalarial drugs have been shown to predispose the stomach to ulceration in rats. However, their role in the modulation of gastric ulcer healing is not known. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of artemisinin-based combination therapies on ulcer healing.
Methods
Gastric kissing ulcers were induced in 40 male albino rats (150–180 g) using 0.2 mL 50% acetic acid. One day after the ulcer induction, experimental rats were divided into four groups and treated once daily orally for 3 days as follows: (1) normal saline, (2) artemether-lumefantrine (2/12 mg/kg), (3) artesunate-amodiaquine (4/10 mg/kg), and (4) artesunate (2 mg/kg) only. A fifth group of 10 rats served as overall control with no ulcer induced and no treatment given. Ulcer healing was determined on days 4 and 7 post induction using ulcer score and planimetry.
Results
Artesunate decreased ulcer severity by 12.5% and 52.0% on days 4 and 7, respectively. Significant increases in severity were observed in rats treated with artemether-lumefantrine (25.0% and 40.0%) and artesunate-amodiaquine (50.0% and 95.0%). Lipid peroxidation was decreased by artesunate by day 7 (27%; p<0.05) but increased in artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine administered rats (63.6% and 55%; p<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase was reduced by artesunate-amodiaquine on day 7 (22%; p<0.05) but no effect in the artemether-lumefantrine treatment. Neutrophil infiltration, total leukocyte count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein values were significantly increased in the artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine treated groups when compared with the untreated ulcer control group (p<0.05). These variables were all reduced by artesunate (p<0.05).
Conclusions
This study revealed that although artesunate may be beneficial in gastric ulcer healing, its combination with either lumefantrine or amodiaquine may delay healing of gastric mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazeem O Ajeigbe
- Gastrointestinal Secretion and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.,Department of Physiology, Igbinedion University, Okada, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin O Emikpe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Samuel Babafemi Olaleye
- Gastrointestinal Secretion and Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Phone: +2348023255893
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21
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Chan WC, Wai Chan DH, Lee KW, Tin WS, Wong HN, Haynes RK. Evaluation and optimization of synthetic routes from dihydroartemisinin to the alkylamino-artemisinins artemiside and artemisone: A test of N-glycosylation methodologies on a lipophilic peroxide. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Xie TX, Chu FH, Yan WQ, Xu B, Chen J, Zhao R, Zhang YZ, Wang PL, Lei HM. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new peroxo-bridged diosgenin derivatives. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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23
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Sisto F, Scaltrito MM, Masia C, Bonomi A, Coccè V, Marano G, Haynes RK, Miani A, Farronato G, Taramelli D. In vitro activity of artemisone and artemisinin derivatives against extracellular and intracellular Helicobacter pylori. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 48:101-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a ubiquitous gastropathogen infecting more than half of the world population. It is associated with dyspepsia, gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcers, mucus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. Current recommended therapy does not eradicate infection in all treated cases and at least 20% post-treatment patients continue to suffer. Salvage therapy helps some of these nonresponders, but resistance to available antibiotics is mounting. Hence, its treatment still remains a daunting task for the practicing physician. Novel medications with improved efficacy and tolerability and with less chances of resistance are required. The present review attempts to discuss the newer patents in this field, which demonstrate a promising future role in the management of H. pylori infection and its consequent problems.
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25
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Jeong M, Park JM, Han YM, Kangwan N, Kwon SO, Kim BN, Kim WH, Hahm KB. Dietary Intervention of Artemisia and Green Tea Extracts to Rejuvenate Helicobacter pylori-Associated Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and to Prevent Tumorigenesis. Helicobacter 2016; 21:40-59. [PMID: 25864522 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECT As nonmicrobial dietary approach is capable of controlling Helicobacter pylori infection, we evaluated the efficacy of long-term dietary administration of Artemisia and/or green tea extracts on H. pylori-initiated, high-salt-promoted chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric tumorigenesis mouse model. METHODS Helicobacter pylori-infected and high-salt-diet-administered C57BL/6 mice were administered with Artemisia extracts (MP group) and/or green tea extracts (GT group) for 36 weeks in addition to the control group (ES group, gastroprotective drug, ecabet sodium 30 mg/kg, diet pellet). Gross and pathological gastric lesions were evaluated after 24 and 36 weeks, respectively, and their underlying molecular changes were measured in gastric homogenates. Detailed mechanisms were further evaluated in in vitro cell models. RESULTS The erythematous and nodular changes and mucosal ulcerative and erosive lesions were noted in the control group at 24 weeks. MP, GT, MPGT, and ES groups all showed significantly ameliorated pathologic lesion compared to the control group (p < .05). After the 36 weeks, scattered nodular masses with some central ulcers and thin gastric surface were noted in the control stomach, whereas no tumorous lesion and milder atrophic changes were observed in all MP, GT, and MPGT groups except ES group (p < .05). On molecular analysis, increased expressions of COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, lipid peroxide, and activated STAT3 relevant to H. pylori infection were significantly decreased with MPGT administration (p < .01), whereas HSP70 was significantly increased. PGDH expressions, core tumor suppressor involved in carcinogenesis, were significantly decreased with H. pylori infection (p < .05), but significantly increased in MPGT group (p < .05). Increased mucosal apoptotic index noted in the control group was significantly decreased with MP and/or GT along with significantly preserved gastric gastroprotective mediators (p < .01) such as mucins, HSP27, and HSP70. H. pylori-induced serum TNF-α and NF-κB activations were significantly decreased with MPGT administration (p < .05). CONCLUSION Long-term dietary intake of MP and/or GT can be an effective strategy either to rejuvenate H. pylori atrophic gastritis or to suppress tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Migyeong Jeong
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Pangyo, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Pangyo, Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Pangyo, Korea
| | - Napapan Kangwan
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Pangyo, Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Kwon
- S&D Research and Development Institute, Osong, Korea
| | - Bok-Nam Kim
- Department of Tourism Food Service Cuisine, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Kim
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ki-Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Prevention Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, CHA University, Pangyo, Korea.,Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
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26
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Ivanescu B, Miron A, Corciova A. Sesquiterpene Lactones from Artemisia Genus: Biological Activities and Methods of Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2015; 2015:247685. [PMID: 26495156 PMCID: PMC4606394 DOI: 10.1155/2015/247685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are a large group of natural compounds, found primarily in plants of Asteraceae family, with over 5000 structures reported to date. Within this family, genus Artemisia is very well represented, having approximately 500 species characterized by the presence of eudesmanolides and guaianolides, especially highly oxygenated ones, and rarely of germacranolides. Sesquiterpene lactones exhibit a wide range of biological activities, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiulcer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, and insect deterrent. Many of the biological activities are attributed to the α-methylene-γ-lactone group in their molecule which reacts through a Michael-addition with free sulfhydryl or amino groups in proteins and alkylates them. Due to the fact that most sesquiterpene lactones are thermolabile, less volatile compounds, they present no specific chromophores in the molecule and are sensitive to acidic and basic mediums, and their identification and quantification represent a difficult task for the analyst. Another problematic aspect is represented by the complexity of vegetal samples, which may contain compounds that can interfere with the analysis. Therefore, this paper proposes an overview of the methods used for the identification and quantification of sesquiterpene lactones found in Artemisia genus, as well as the optimal conditions for their extraction and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Ivanescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 Universitatii Street, 700150 Iasi, Romania
- *Bianca Ivanescu:
| | - Anca Miron
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 Universitatii Street, 700150 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreia Corciova
- Department of Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 16 Universitatii Street, 700150 Iasi, Romania
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27
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Gaur R, Cheema HS, Kumar Y, Singh SP, Yadav DK, Darokar MP, Khan F, Bhakuni RS. In vitro antimalarial activity and molecular modeling studies of novel artemisinin derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07697h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by aPlasmodium falciparumparasite that infects a female anopheles mosquito which feeds on humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gaur
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Harveer Singh Cheema
- Molecular Bio-prospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
| | - Mahendra Padurang Darokar
- Molecular Bio-prospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic and Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Rajendra Singh Bhakuni
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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Novel biotransformation processes of artemisinic acid to their hydroxylated derivatives 3β-hydroxyartemisinic acid and 3β, 15-dihydroxyartemisinic by fungus Trichothecium roseum CIMAPN1and their biological evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ayala G, Escobedo-Hinojosa WI, Cruz-Herrera CFDL, Romero I. Exploring alternative treatments for Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1450-1469. [PMID: 24587621 PMCID: PMC3925854 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a successful pathogen that can persist in the stomach of an infected person for their entire life. It provokes chronic gastric inflammation that leads to the development of serious gastric diseases such as peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. It is known that these ailments can be avoided if the infection by the bacteria can be prevented or eradicated. Currently, numerous antibiotic-based therapies are available. However, these therapies have several inherent problems, including the appearance of resistance to the antibiotics used and associated adverse effects, the risk of re-infection and the high cost of antibiotic therapy. The delay in developing a vaccine to prevent or eradicate the infection has furthered research into new therapeutic approaches. This review summarises the most relevant recent studies on vaccine development and new treatments using natural resources such as plants, probiotics and nutraceuticals. In addition, novel alternatives based on microorganisms, peptides, polysaccharides, and intragastric violet light irradiation are presented. Alternative therapies have not been effective in eradicating the bacteria but have been shown to maintain low bacterial levels. Nevertheless, some of them are useful in preventing the adverse effects of antibiotics, modulating the immune response, gastroprotection, and the general promotion of health. Therefore, those agents can be used as adjuvants of allopathic anti-H. pylori eradication therapy.
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Austarheim I, Inngjerdingen KT, Paulsen BS, Togola A, Diakité C, Diallo D. Chromatographic immunoassays for Helicobacter pylori detection--are they reliable in Mali, West Africa? Pan Afr Med J 2013; 14:72. [PMID: 23646208 PMCID: PMC3641924 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2013.14.72.2131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal diseases are major reasons for morbidity in Mali. As Helicobacter pylori is known to play a major role in gastritis and gastric ulcer we wanted to find a simple method for detection. METHODS Twenty-nine volunteers with confirmed gastric ulcer by gastroscopy and 59 randomly selected volunteers were diagnosed by using the rapid serological test Clearview(®) H. Pylori. The ImmunoCard STAT!(®) HpSA(®)test was applied on stool from 65 volunteers seeking help for gastrointestinal related ailments. RESULTS A Helicobacter pylori prevalence of 21% was found among the individuals with confirmed gastric ulcer, 44% among the randomly selected volunteers and 14% in individuals with gastrointestinal related ailments. CONCLUSION According to what is already known about the aetiology of gastric ailments and the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in neighboring countries, the infection rates in our study appear strikingly low. This might indicate that Clearview(®) H. Pylori and ImmunoCard STAT!(®) HpSA(®) have low sensitivities in the populations studied. Strain variability of H. pylori may be an explanation. The tests need to be properly evaluated in Mali before they can be relied upon as diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Austarheim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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