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Leong Q, Chew KL. Drug resistance rates of difficult to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam from a tertiary hospital, Singapore. Pathology 2022; 54:966-968. [PMID: 35305797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2021.12.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Queenie Leong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ka Lip Chew
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore.
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2
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In vitro activity of aztreonam/avibactam against isolates of Enterobacterales collected globally from ATLAS in 2019. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 30:214-221. [PMID: 35760303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infections caused by drug-resistant Enterobacterales including those producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are particularly challenging due to limited therapeutic options. The drug combination aztreonam/avibactam (ATM-AVI) is under clinical development for treating serious infections caused by these strains. This study assessed the in vitro activity of ATM-AVI against Enterobacterales isolates collected globally in the ATLAS surveillance programme in 2019. METHODS Clinical isolates of Enterobacterales (N=18713) including Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter koseri, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Serratia marcescens collected from 232 sites in 2019 were analysed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by reference broth microdilution. A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic based breakpoint of 8 mg/L was considered for ATM-AVI activity. RESULTS ATM-AVI demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against all Enterobacterales, with 99.9% isolates inhibited at MIC ≤8 mg/L (MIC90, 0.25 mg/L). MICs ≤8 mg/L (>99.0%) were noted for ATM-AVI across regions worldwide. Among other antimicrobials, amikacin, colistin, imipenem, meropenem, and tigecycline were also active (susceptibility >85.0%) against Enterobacterales. Activity of ATM-AVI was sustained against multi-drug resistant, extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing, and carbapenem-resistant isolates (susceptibility >99%; MIC90, 0.25-0.5 mg/L). Importantly, potent activity for ATM-AVI (>99.0%; MIC90, 0.5 mg/L) was noted among MBL-positive isolates and those producing other carbapenemases, such as KPC and OXA-48. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that ATM-AVI was highly active against a recent collection of Enterobacterales isolates, including those producing MBLs either alone or in combination with other carbapenemases. Thus, ATM-AVI represents a potential option for treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales including MBL-producing strains.
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Bianco G, Boattini M, Comini S, Casale R, Iannaccone M, Cavallo R, Costa C. Occurrence of multi-carbapenemases producers among carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and in vitro activity of combinations including cefiderocol, ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, and aztreonam in the COVID-19 era. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 41:573-580. [PMID: 35061145 PMCID: PMC8780048 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prevalence of multi-carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (EB) and the activity of cefiderocol (CFDC), meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV), ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), and combinations of CZA plus aztreonam (ATM), MEV plus ATM and CFDC plus CZA against them. METHODS A collection of carbapenemase-producing EB clinical isolates (n = 1242) was investigated by lateral flow immunoassay NG-Test CARBA-5 and molecular testing. Cefiderocol MICs were determined using broth microdilution SensititreTM panel. MICs of CZA and MEV were determined by the gradient diffusion method. Antimicrobial synergy testing was performed using gradient diffusion strip crossing. RESULTS KPC were the most frequent carbapenemases (83.2%), followed by VIM (9.2 %), OXA-48-like (4.3 %) and NDM enzymes (4.1%). Multi-carbapenemase producers were found in 10 (0.8%) isolates. Three combinations of two different carbapenemases were observed: KPC+VIM (n = 4), NDM+OXA-48-like (n = 4), and VIM+OXA-48-like (n = 2). CFDC showed potent activity against eight out of ten dual-carbapenemases producers, while resistance or reduced susceptibility was shown towards CZA and MEV. CFDC in combination with CZA showed no synergistic effects and only two additive effects on seven (87.5%) of the CFDC-susceptible strains. Conversely, CZA plus ATM and MEV plus ATM combinations were synergistic against all ATM-resistant strains regardless of dual-carbapenemases phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of multi-carbapenemase producers is not uncommon in Northern Italy area. MEV in combination with ATM might be considered as a potential therapeutic option, alternative to CZA plus ATM. CFDC susceptibility testing and synergy evaluation of ATM-based combinations should be performed in the lab routine to evaluate the most in vitro active antimicrobial regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bianco
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Matteo Boattini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Comini
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Casale
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Iannaccone
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rossana Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Costa
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Corso Bramante 88/90, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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4
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Cusack R, Garduno A, Elkholy K, Martín-Loeches I. Novel investigational treatments for ventilator-associated pneumonia and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:173-192. [PMID: 35040388 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is common; its prevalence has been highlighted by the Covid-19 pandemic. Even young patients can suffer severe nosocomial infection and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Multidrug-resistant bacteria can spread alarmingly fast around the globe and new antimicrobials are struggling to keep pace; hence physicians must stay abreast of new developments in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and VAP. AREAS COVERED This narrative review examines novel antimicrobial investigational drugs and their implementation in the ICU setting for VAP. The paper highlights novel approaches such as monoclonal antibody treatments for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, and phage antibiotic synthesis. The paper also examines mechanisms of resistance in gram-negative bacteria, virulence factors and inhaled antibiotics and questions what may be on the horizon in terms of emerging treatment strategies. EXPERT OPINION The post-antibiotic era is rapidly approaching and the need for personalised medicine, point-of-care microbial sensitivity testing and development of biomarkers for severe infections is clear. Results from emerging and new antibiotics are encouraging, but infection control measures and de-escalation protocols must be employed to prolong their usefulness in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Cusack
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, (Ireland)
| | - Alexis Garduno
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin.,Intensive Care Translational Research, Trinity College Dublin
| | - Khalid Elkholy
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, (Ireland)
| | - Ignacio Martín-Loeches
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin.,Department of Intensive Care Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, (Ireland).,Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), St. James's Hospital, Dublin, (Ireland)
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5
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Yu W, Chen Y, Shen P, Ji J, Ying C, Liu Z, Xiong L, Qiu Y, Xiao Y. Antibacterial Activity and Optimal Treatment of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam-Avibactam Against Bloodstream Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:771910. [PMID: 34970142 PMCID: PMC8712734 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.771910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This work was to investigate the activity and optimal treatments of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) and aztreonam-avibactam (AZA) against bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (BSIs-CRKP). Methods: A total of 318 nonduplicate BSIs-CRKP isolates were collected from Blood Bacterial Resistant Investigation Collaborative System (BRICS) program. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CZA and AZA were determined by agar dilution method. Carbapenemase genes and multilocus sequence typing were amplified by PCR. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) was conducted to calculate cumulative fraction of response (CFR) of different CZA or AZA administrations. Results: The MIC90 of CZA and AZA were 128/4 and 1/4 mg/L, respectively. There are 87.4 and 3.5% isolates carried blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1. A total of 68 ST types were identified and 29 novel ST types. ST11 accounted for 66.6%. Further MCS showed CFR of CZA using two-step infusion therapy (rapid first-step 0.5 h infusion and slow second-step 3 h infusion, TSIT) (2.5 g 0.5 h, 3.75 g every 8 h with 3 h infusion and 3.75 g 0.5 h, 2.5 g every 8 h with 3 h infusion) was above 89%. The CFR of AZA with TSIT was above 96%. Conclusion: TSIT with sufficient pharmacokinetic conditions could be useful for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of CZA and AZA against BSIs-CRKP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinru Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Molina KC, Bajrovic V, Bonomo RA. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in solid organ transplantation: Tip of the iceberg? Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 24:e13780. [PMID: 34962337 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A liver transplant recipient developed a urinary tract infection with Citrobacter freundii complex and Klebsiella aerogenes, both producing dual carbapenemases (KPC-3/NDM-1). Whole genome sequencing suggested plasmid transfer between organisms. Silent plasmid transmission highlights emergent threats to infection prevention, with implications for screening and antimicrobial stewardship. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Molina
- Department of Pharmacy Services, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Valida Bajrovic
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert A Bonomo
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA, Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA, Departments of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA, CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, USA
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7
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Sabour S, Huang JY, Bhatnagar A, Gilbert SE, Karlsson M, Lonsway D, Lutgring JD, Rasheed JK, Halpin AL, Stanton RA, Gumbis S, Elkins CA, Brown AC. Detection and Characterization of Targeted Carbapenem-Resistant Health Care-Associated Threats: Findings from the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network, 2017 to 2019. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0110521. [PMID: 34570648 PMCID: PMC8597727 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01105-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase gene-positive (CP) Gram-negative bacilli are of significant clinical and public health concern. Their rapid detection and containment are critical to preventing their spread and additional infections they can cause. To this end, CDC developed the Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network (AR Lab Network), in which public health laboratories across all 50 states, several cities, and Puerto Rico characterize clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), and Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and conduct colonization screens to detect the presence of mobile carbapenemase genes. In its first 3 years, the AR Lab Network tested 76,887 isolates and 31,001 rectal swab colonization screens. Targeted carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, blaVIM, or blaIMP) were detected by PCR in 35% of CRE, 2% of CRPA, and <1% of CRAB isolates and 8% of colonization screens tested, respectively. blaKPC and blaVIM were the most common genes in CP-CRE and CP-CRPA isolates, respectively, but regional differences in the frequency of carbapenemase genes detected were apparent. In CRE and CRPA isolates tested for carbapenemase production and the presence of the targeted genes, 97% had concordant results; 3% of CRE and 2% of CRPA isolates were carbapenemase production positive but PCR negative for those genes. Isolates harboring blaNDM showed the highest frequency of resistance across the carbapenems tested, and those harboring blaIMP and blaOXA-48-like genes showed the lowest frequency of carbapenem resistance. The AR Lab Network provides a national snapshot of rare and emerging carbapenemase genes, delivering data to inform public health actions to limit the spread of these antibiotic resistance threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sabour
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Y. Huang
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Amelia Bhatnagar
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah E. Gilbert
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Maria Karlsson
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Lonsway
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joseph D. Lutgring
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - J. Kamile Rasheed
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alison Laufer Halpin
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard A. Stanton
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephanie Gumbis
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher A. Elkins
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Allison C. Brown
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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8
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Morroni G, Bressan R, Fioriti S, D’Achille G, Mingoia M, Cirioni O, Di Bella S, Piazza A, Comandatore F, Mauri C, Migliavacca R, Luzzaro F, Principe L, Lagatolla C. Antimicrobial Activity of Aztreonam in Combination with Old and New β-Lactamase Inhibitors against MBL and ESBL Co-Producing Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates: Possible Options for the Treatment of Complicated Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111341. [PMID: 34827279 PMCID: PMC8615000 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) are among the most challenging bacterial enzymes to overcome. Aztreonam (ATM) is the only β-lactam not hydrolyzed by MBLs but is often inactivated by co-produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). We assessed the activity of the combination of ATM with old and new β-lactamases inhibitors (BLIs) against MBL and ESBL co-producing Gram-negative clinical isolates. Six Enterobacterales and three non-fermenting bacilli co-producing MBL and ESBL determinants were selected as difficult-to-treat pathogens. ESBLs and MBLs genes were characterized by PCR and sequencing. The activity of ATM in combination with seven different BLIs (clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam, vaborbactam, avibactam, relebactam, zidebactam) was assessed by microdilution assay and time–kill curve. ATM plus avibactam was the most effective combination, able to restore ATM susceptibility in four out of nine tested isolates, reaching in some cases a 128-fold reduction of the MIC of ATM. In addition, relebactam and zidebactam showed to be effective, but with lesser reduction of the MIC of ATM. E. meningoseptica and C. indologenes were not inhibited by any ATM–BLI combination. ATM–BLI combinations demonstrated to be promising against MBL and ESBL co-producers, hence providing multiple options for treatment of related infections. However, no effective combination was found for some non-fermentative bacilli, suggesting the presence of additional resistance mechanisms that complicate the choice of an active therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (S.F.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Raffaela Bressan
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Simona Fioriti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (S.F.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Gloria D’Achille
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (S.F.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Marina Mingoia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (S.F.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (G.M.); (S.F.); (G.D.); (M.M.); (O.C.)
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Aurora Piazza
- Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Francesco Comandatore
- Department of Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Pediatric Research Center, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carola Mauri
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (C.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Roberta Migliavacca
- Unit of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.P.); (R.M.)
| | - Francesco Luzzaro
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, A. Manzoni Hospital, 23900 Lecco, Italy; (C.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Luigi Principe
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, S. Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Lagatolla
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (R.B.); (C.L.)
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9
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Novel Specific Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor ANT2681 Restores Meropenem Activity to Clinically Effective Levels against NDM-Positive Enterobacterales. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00203-21. [PMID: 33820763 PMCID: PMC8315971 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00203-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The global dissemination of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is a serious public health concern. Specifically, NDM (New Delhi MBL) has been a major cause of carbapenem therapy failures in recent years, particularly as effective treatments for serine-β-lactamase (SBL)-producing Enterobacterales are now commercially available. Since the NDM gene is carried on promiscuous plasmids encoding multiple additional resistance determinants, a large proportion of NDM-CREs are also resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, resulting in limited and suboptimal treatment options. ANT2681 is a specific, competitive inhibitor of MBLs with potent activity against NDM enzymes, progressing to clinical development in combination with meropenem (MEM). Susceptibility studies have been performed with MEM-ANT2681 against 1,687 MBL-positive Enterobacterales, including 1,108 NDM-CRE. The addition of ANT2681 at 8 μg/ml reduced the MEM MIC50/MIC90 from >32/>32 μg/ml to 0.25/8 μg/ml. Moreover, the combination of 8 μg/ml of both MEM and ANT2681 inhibited 74.9% of the Verona integron-encoded MBL (VIM)-positive and 85.7% of the imipenem hydrolyzing β-lactamase (IMP)-positive Enterobacterales tested. The antibacterial activity of MEM-ANT2681 against NDM-CRE compared very favorably to that of cefiderocol (FDC) and cefepime (FEP)-taniborbactam, which displayed MIC90 values of 8 μg/ml and 32 μg/ml, respectively, whereas aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) had a MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml. Particularly striking was the activity of MEM-ANT2681 against NDM-positive Escherichia coli (MIC90 1 μg/ml), in contrast to ATM-AVI (MIC90 4 μg/ml), FDC (MIC90 >32 μg/ml), and FEP-taniborbactam (MIC90 >32 μg/ml), which were less effective due to the high incidence of resistant PBP3-insertion mutants. MEM-ANT2681 offers a potential new therapeutic option to treat serious infections caused by NDM-CRE.
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10
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Alghoribi MF, Alqurashi M, Okdah L, Alalwan B, AlHebaishi YS, Almalki A, Alzayer MA, Alswaji AA, Doumith M, Barry M. Successful treatment of infective endocarditis due to pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9684. [PMID: 33958683 PMCID: PMC8102575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pandrug-resistant (PDR) K. pneumoniae refractory to conventional treatment has been reported worldwide, causing a huge burden on the healthcare system, patient safety and the economy. K. pneumoniae is a prominent opportunistic pathogen causing hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections, but is rarely associated with infective endocarditis. Currently, there are sparse data guiding the optimal regimen when commonly used antibiotics fail, notably for the treatment of endocarditis infections. Here we report our experience in treating a 40-year-old female with PDR K. pneumoniae infection of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) and right-sided infective endocarditis. Initial susceptibility testing of the incriminated pathogen showed an apparent susceptibility to colistin but the prolonged course of colistin, gentamicin and meropenem did not resolve the infection. However, the synergistic combinations of aztreonam with ceftazidime-avibactam was able to overcome resistance and clear the infection rapidly. Genome sequencing showed that the PDR K. pneumoniae isolate belongs to the international high-risk clone ST14. The isolate harbored genes encoding NDM-1, OXA-48, CTX-M-14b, SHV-28 and OXA-1, explaining resistance to all β-lactams, including carbapenems. It carried the armA gene conferring resistance to all clinically important aminoglycosides and had alterations in GyrA, ParC and MgrB, explaining resistance to ciprofloxacin and colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed F Alghoribi
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Moayad Alqurashi
- Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liliane Okdah
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Alalwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC), Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya S AlHebaishi
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Almalki
- Division of Adult Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Alzayer
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alswaji
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michel Doumith
- Infectious Diseases Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Cairns KA, Hall V, Martin GE, Griffin DWJ, Stewart JD, Khan SF, Abbott IJ, Meher-Homji Z, Morrissey CO, Sia C, Love J, Corallo CE, Bergin P, Sharma A, Basu G, Spencer A, Peleg AY. Treatment of invasive IMP-4 Enterobacter cloacae infection in transplant recipients using ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam: A case series and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis 2021; 23:e13510. [PMID: 33217119 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an emerging threat in both solid organ and stem cell transplant recipients. Invasive CPE infections in transplant recipients are associated with a high mortality, often due to limited therapeutic options and antibacterial toxicities. One of the most therapeutically challenging group of CPE are the metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria, which are now found worldwide, and often need treatment with older, highly toxic antimicrobial regimens. Newer β-lactamase inhibitors such as avibactam have well-established activity against certain carbapenemases such as Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC), but have no activity against MBL-producing organisms. Conversely, aztreonam has activity against MBL-producing organisms but is often inactivated by other co-existing β-lactamases. Here, we report four cases of invasive MBL-CPE infections in transplant recipients caused by IMP-4-producing Enterobacter cloacae who were successfully treated with a new, mechanism-driven antimicrobial combination of ceftazidime/avibactam with aztreonam. This novel antimicrobial combination offers a useful treatment option for high-risk patients with CPE infection, with reduced drug interactions and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Cairns
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Victoria Hall
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Genevieve E Martin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - David W J Griffin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - James D Stewart
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Sadid F Khan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Iain J Abbott
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Zaal Meher-Homji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Catherine O Morrissey
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Jane Love
- Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Peter Bergin
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Gopal Basu
- Renal Medicine, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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12
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Vrancianu CO, Dobre EG, Gheorghe I, Barbu I, Cristian RE, Chifiriuc MC. Present and Future Perspectives on Therapeutic Options for Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales Infections. Microorganisms 2021; 9:730. [PMID: 33807464 PMCID: PMC8065494 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are included in the list of the most threatening antibiotic resistance microorganisms, being responsible for often insurmountable therapeutic issues, especially in hospitalized patients and immunocompromised individuals and patients in intensive care units. The enzymatic resistance to carbapenems is encoded by different β-lactamases belonging to A, B or D Ambler class. Besides compromising the activity of last-resort antibiotics, CRE have spread from the clinical to the environmental sectors, in all geographic regions. The purpose of this review is to present present and future perspectives on CRE-associated infections treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Ovidiu Vrancianu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.G.D.); (I.B.); (M.C.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Georgiana Dobre
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.G.D.); (I.B.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Irina Gheorghe
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.G.D.); (I.B.); (M.C.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ilda Barbu
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.G.D.); (I.B.); (M.C.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Elena Cristian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Microbiology Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania; (C.O.V.); (E.G.D.); (I.B.); (M.C.C.)
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Lence E, González‐Bello C. Bicyclic Boronate β‐Lactamase Inhibitors: The Present Hope against Deadly Bacterial Pathogens. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Lence
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela calle Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
| | - Concepción González‐Bello
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela calle Jenaro de la Fuente s/n Santiago de Compostela 15782 Spain
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14
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Mono vs. combo regimens with novel beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations for the treatment of infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales: insights from the literature. Infection 2021; 49:411-421. [PMID: 33534065 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), meropenem-vaborbactam (MVB) and imipenem-relebactam (I-R) are combinations of old ß-lactams with novel non-ß-lactam ß-lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) able to inhibit some carbapenemases, such as the KPC-type, thus are becoming the standard for difficult-to-treat carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE); a practical question is whether these novel BLBLIs should be used as monotherapy or as part of a combination regimen with other antibiotics, and if so, with which ones, to reduce the emergence of resistant strains and to optimize their efficacy. In this short review, we assessed clinical outcomes in patients with CPE-infections treated with the novel BLBLIs as mono- or combo-regimens, and laboratory studies on the synergistic effects with other antimicrobials. Available evidence on combination therapy is scarce and mainly limited to retrospective studies involving 630 patients treated with CZA: aminoglycosides were used in 39.6% of 336 patients treated with combo-regimens, followed by polymyxin B/colistin (24.4%), tigecycline (24.1%), carbapenems (13.4%) and fosfomycin (5.4%). Aminoglycosides could be useful in case of bloodstream and severe urinary infections. Pneumonia is a risk factor for CZA-resistance emergence: fosfomycin, due to favorable lung pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, could represent an interesting partner; fosfomycin could be added also for osteomyelitis. Tigecycline could be preferred for intrabdominal and skin-soft tissue infections. Due to nephrotoxicity and lack of in vitro synergy, the association CZA/colistin seems not optimal. MVB and I-R were mostly used as monotherapies. Currently, there is no definitive evidence whether combinations are more effective than monotherapies; further studies are warranted, and to date only personal opinions can be provided.
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15
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Tan X, Kim HS, Baugh K, Huang Y, Kadiyala N, Wences M, Singh N, Wenzler E, Bulman ZP. Therapeutic Options for Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:125-142. [PMID: 33500635 PMCID: PMC7822077 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s246174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacterales worldwide without the simultaneous increase in active antibiotics makes these organisms an urgent public health threat. This review summarizes recent advancements in diagnostic and treatment strategies for infections caused by MBL-producing Enterobacterales. Adequate treatment of patients infected with MBL-producing Enterobacterales relies on detection of the β-lactamase in the clinic. There are several molecular platforms that are currently available to identify clinically relevant MBLs as well as other important serine-β-lactamases. Once detected, there are several antibiotics that have historically been used for the treatment of MBL-producing Enterobacterales. Antimicrobials such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, fosfomycin, and polymyxins often show promising in vitro activity though clinical data are currently lacking to support their widespread use. Ceftazidime-avibactam combined with aztreonam is promising for treatment of infections caused by MBL-producing Enterobacterales and currently has the most clinical data of any available antibiotic to support its use. While cefiderocol has displayed promising activity against MBL-producing Enterobacterales in vitro and in preliminary clinical studies, further clinical studies will better shed light on its place in treatment. Lastly, there are several promising MBL inhibitors in the pipeline, which may further improve the treatment of MBL-producing Enterobacterales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hwan Seung Kim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yanqin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neeraja Kadiyala
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marisol Wences
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eric Wenzler
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zackery P Bulman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Genetic Features Leading to Reduced Susceptibility to Aztreonam-Avibactam among Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01659-20. [PMID: 32988825 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01659-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Escherichia coli isolates resistant to the newly developed β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor drug combination aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) have been reported. Here, we analyzed a series of 118 clinical MBL-producing E. coli isolates of various geographical origins for susceptibility to ATM-AVI. The nature of the PBP3 protein sequence and the occurrence of bla CMY genes for susceptibility to ATM-AVI were investigated. We showed here that elevated MICs of ATM-AVI among MBL-producing E. coli isolates resulted from a combination of different features, including modification of PBP3 protein sequence through specific amino acid insertions and production of CMY-type enzymes, particularly, CMY-42. We showed here that those insertions identified in the PBP3 sequence are not considered the unique basis of resistance to ATM-AVI, but they significantly contribute to it.
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17
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Bassetti M, Di Pilato V, Giani T, Vena A, Rossolini GM, Marchese A, Giacobbe DR. Treatment of severe infections due to metallo-β-lactamases-producing Gram-negative bacteria. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1489-1505. [PMID: 33140656 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decades, there was an important paucity of agents for adequately treating infections due to metallo-β-lactamases-producing Gram-negative bacteria (MBL-GNB). Cefiderocol, a novel siderophore cephalosporin showing in vitro activity against MBL-GNB, has been recently marketed, and a combination of aztreonam and ceftazidime/avibactam has shown a possible favorable effect on survival of patients with severe MBL-GNB infections in observational studies. Other agents showing in vitro activity against MBL-GNB are currently in clinical development (e.g., cefepime/taniborbactam, LYS228, cefepime/zidebactam) that could be an important addition to our future armamentarium for severe MBL-GNB infections. Nonetheless, we should not discontinue our efforts to optimize the use of non-β-lactams agents, since they could remain an essential last-resort or alternative option in selected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Di Pilato
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giani
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Microbiology & Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Vena
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental & Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Microbiology & Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Marchese
- Department of Surgical Sciences & Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Microbiology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele R Giacobbe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino - IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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18
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Therapeutic Effect and Mechanisms of the Novel Monosulfactam 0073. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00529-20. [PMID: 32718961 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00529-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the novel monosulfactam 0073 against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in vitro and in vivo and to characterize the mechanisms underlying 0073 activity. The in vitro activities of 0073, aztreonam, and the combination with avibactam were assessed by MIC and time-kill assays. The safety of 0073 was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and acute toxicity assays. Murine thigh infection and pneumonia models were employed to define in vivo efficacy. A penicillin-binding protein (PBP) competition assay and confocal microscopy were conducted. The inhibitory action of 0073 against β-lactamases was evaluated by the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), and resistance development was evaluated via serial passage. The monosulfactam 0073 showed promising antimicrobial activity against Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii isolates producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and serine β-lactamases. In preliminary experiments, compound 0073 exhibited safety both in vitro and in vivo In the murine thigh infection model and the pneumonia models in which infection was induced by P. aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 0073 significantly reduced the bacterial burden. Compound 0073 targeted several PBPs and exerted inhibitory effects against some serine β-lactamases. Finally, 0073 showed a reduced propensity for resistance selection compared with that of aztreonam. The novel monosulfactam 0073 exhibited increased activity against β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative organisms compared with the activity of aztreonam and showed good safety profiles both in vitro and in vivo The underlying mechanisms may be attributed to the affinity of 0073 for several PBPs and its inhibitory activity against some serine β-lactamases. These data indicate that 0073 represents a potential treatment for infections caused by β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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19
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ZN148 Is a Modular Synthetic Metallo-β-Lactamase Inhibitor That Reverses Carbapenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Pathogens In Vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02415-19. [PMID: 32179522 PMCID: PMC7269481 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02415-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are a critical public health threat and there is an urgent need for new treatments. Carbapenemases (β-lactamases able to inactivate carbapenems) have been identified in both serine β-lactamase (SBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) families. The recent introduction of SBL carbapenemase inhibitors has provided alternative therapeutic options. Unfortunately, there are no approved inhibitors of MBL-mediated carbapenem-resistance and treatment options for infections caused by MBL-producing Gram-negatives are limited. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens are a critical public health threat and there is an urgent need for new treatments. Carbapenemases (β-lactamases able to inactivate carbapenems) have been identified in both serine β-lactamase (SBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) families. The recent introduction of SBL carbapenemase inhibitors has provided alternative therapeutic options. Unfortunately, there are no approved inhibitors of MBL-mediated carbapenem-resistance and treatment options for infections caused by MBL-producing Gram-negatives are limited. Here, we present ZN148, a zinc-chelating MBL-inhibitor capable of restoring the bactericidal effect of meropenem and in vitro clinical susceptibility to carbapenems in >98% of a large international collection of MBL-producing clinical Enterobacterales strains (n = 234). Moreover, ZN148 was able to potentiate the effect of meropenem against NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a murine neutropenic peritonitis model. ZN148 showed no inhibition of the human zinc-containing enzyme glyoxylase II at 500 μM, and no acute toxicity was observed in an in vivo mouse model with cumulative dosages up to 128 mg/kg. Biochemical analysis showed a time-dependent inhibition of MBLs by ZN148 and removal of zinc ions from the active site. Addition of exogenous zinc after ZN148 exposure only restored MBL activity by ∼30%, suggesting an irreversible mechanism of inhibition. Mass-spectrometry and molecular modeling indicated potential oxidation of the active site Cys221 residue. Overall, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of a ZN148-carbapenem combination against MBL-producing Gram-negative pathogens and that ZN148 is a highly promising MBL inhibitor that is capable of operating in a functional space not presently filled by any clinically approved compound.
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20
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Kilic U, Koroglu M, Olmez M, Altindis M. Investigation of the In Vitro Effectiveness of Aztreonam/Avibactam, Colistin/Apramycin, and Meropenem/Apramycin Combinations Against Carbapenemase-Producing, Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1291-1297. [PMID: 32401692 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the in vitro effectiveness of aztreonam/avibactam, colistin/avibactam, colistin/apramycin, and meropenem/apramycin combinations against carbapenemase-producing, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. This study evaluated 38 carbapenem-resistant, carbapenemase-producing, and XDR K. pneumoniae strains. The checkerboard method was used to examine the efficacy of aztreonam/avibactam, and meropenem/apramycin combinations in all strains and the colistin/apramycin combination in colistin-resistant strains (n = 26). It was found that when used alone, aztreonam and avibactam had high minimum inhibitory concentration values in all strains and that all strains were resistant to aztreonam. Nevertheless, the aztreonam/avibactam combination was found to have a synergistic effect against all strains. Apramycin alone was effective against 30 K. pneumoniae strains (79%); however, 8 strains (21%) were found to be resistant. In the synergy testing of 26 colistin-resistant strains with the checkerboard method, the colistin/apramycin combination was found to have a synergistic effect against 4 strains (15.3%), an antagonistic effect against 8 strains (30.7%), and an additive effect against 14 strains (54%). By comparison, the meropenem/apramycin combination had a synergistic effect against 20 strains (52%) and an additive effect against 12 strains (31%). The aztreonam/avibactam combination showed a high in vitro synergistic effect on carbapenemase-producing and XDR K. pneumoniae strains, such as Metallo-β-lactamase, and provided good prospects for the successful treatment. The meropenem/apramycin combination was also highly synergistic. The synergistic effects were low for the colistin/apramycin combination that was tested on colistin-resistant strains. However, it is promising that apramycin has low minimal inhibitory concentration values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit Kilic
- Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Koroglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Olmez
- Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a critical healthcare threat. Infections caused by CRE disproportionately affect transplant patients. Retrospective case studies suggest that up to 10% of transplant recipients develop a CRE infection. The current literature is reviewed with a particular focus on transplant-specific implications. RECENT FINDINGS There are specific risks inherent to transplant recipients that result in an elevated risk for CRE carriage and subsequent infection. Additionally, the manifestations of these infections are dependent on the specific transplant type. The optimal treatment of CRE infections in transplant recipients has not been defined. SUMMARY A reduction in the regional community CRE burden can lead to a secondary reduction in their occurrence within vulnerable transplant populations. Therefore, core principles of antibiotic stewardship and infection control within all levels of the healthcare system remains the most effective strategy for addressing the current health crisis. Simultaneously, an integrated approach to risk stratification and an approach to treatment is postulated for management of CRE infection within the solid-organ transplant population.
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Validation of Aztreonam-Avibactam Susceptibility Testing Using Digitally Dispensed Custom Panels. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.01944-19. [PMID: 32051259 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01944-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aztreonam-avibactam is a combination antimicrobial agent with activity against carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) with metallo-β-lactamases (MβLs). Although aztreonam-avibactam is not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), clinicians can administer this combination by using two FDA-approved drugs: aztreonam and ceftazidime-avibactam. This combination of drugs is recommended by multiple experts for treatment of serious infections caused by MβL-producing CPE. At present, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of aztreonam-avibactam is not commercially available; thus, most clinicians receive no laboratory-based guidance that can support consideration of aztreonam-avibactam for serious CPE infections. Here, we report our internal validation for aztreonam-avibactam AST by reference broth microdilution (BMD) according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The validation was performed using custom frozen reference BMD panels prepared in-house at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In addition, we took this opportunity to evaluate a new panel-making method using a digital dispenser, the Hewlett Packard (HP) D300e. Our studies demonstrate that the performance characteristics of digitally dispensed panels were equivalent to those of conventionally prepared frozen reference BMD panels for a number of drugs, including aztreonam-avibactam. We found the HP D300e digital dispenser to be easy to use and to provide the capacity to prepare complex drug panels. Our findings will help other clinical and public health laboratories implement susceptibility testing for aztreonam-avibactam.
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Niu S, Wei J, Zou C, Chavda KD, Lv J, Zhang H, Du H, Tang YW, Pitout JDD, Bonomo RA, Kreiswirth BN, Chen L. In vitro selection of aztreonam/avibactam resistance in dual-carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:559-565. [PMID: 31722380 PMCID: PMC7021086 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the in vitro selection of aztreonam/avibactam resistance among MBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and to understand the mechanism of increased resistance. METHODS The MICs of aztreonam were determined with and without avibactam (4 mg/L) using a broth microdilution method. Single-step and multi-step mutant selection was conducted on five MBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains, including two dual carbapenemase producers. Genomic sequencing and gene cloning were performed to investigate the mechanism of increased resistance. RESULTS We examined the MICs for 68 MBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including 13 dual carbapenemase producers. Compared with aztreonam alone, the addition of avibactam (4 mg/L) reduced the MICs for all isolates by >128-fold, with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.25 and 1 mg/L, respectively. One NDM-1-, OXA-48-, CTX-M-15- and CMY-16-positive ST101 K. pneumoniae strain was selected to be resistant to aztreonam/avibactam, with a >16-fold increase in MIC (>128 mg/L). WGS revealed that the resistant mutants lost the blaNDM-1 gene, but acquired amino acid substitutions in CMY-16 (Tyr150Ser and Asn346His). Construction of blaCMY-16 mutants confirmed that the substitutions (Tyr150Ser and Asn346His) were primarily responsible for the decreased susceptibility to aztreonam/avibactam. In addition, transfer of blaCMY-16 mutant (Tyr150Ser and Asn346His) plasmid constructs into certain clinical carbapenemase-producing isolates demonstrated >64-fold increased MICs of aztreonam/avibactam and aztreonam/avibactam/ceftazidime. CONCLUSIONS Aztreonam in combination with avibactam showed potent in vitro activity against MBL-producing K. pneumoniae. However, our study suggested the likelihood of aztreonam/avibactam resistance among MBL- and AmpC-co-producing strains and clinical practice should beware of the possibility of the emerging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqiang Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhong Zou
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kalyan D Chavda
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Jingnan Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert A Bonomo
- Case VA Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (CARES), Cleveland, OH, USA
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, USA
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Veeraraghavan B, Pragasam AK, Bakthavatchalam YD, Anandan S, Swaminathan S, Sundaram B. Colistin-sparing approaches with newer antimicrobials to treat carbapenem-resistant organisms: Current evidence and future prospects. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 37:72-90. [PMID: 31424014 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_19_215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise across the globe. Increasing incidence of infections due to carbapenem resistance organisms is becoming difficult to treat, due to the limited availability of therapeutic agents. Very few agents such as colistin, fosfomycin, tigecycline and minocycline are widely used, despite its toxicity. However, with the availability of novel antimicrobials, beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor-based and non-beta-lactam-based agents could be of great relief. This review covers three important aspects which include (i) current management of carbapenem-resistant infections, (ii) determination of specific types of carbapenemases produced by multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens and (iii) the currently available novel beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and non-beta-lactam-based agents' laboratory findings, clinical outcome and implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Agila Kumari Pragasam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shalini Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sah R, Khadka S, Shrestha GS, Acharya S, Aryal D, Shrestha P, Kattel HP, Shah NP, Pokhrel BM, Singh YP, Rijal B, Erdem H. Detection of Pan drug resistance OXA-48 producing Providencia in an ICU patient for the first time in Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2019; 8:155. [PMID: 31636898 PMCID: PMC6794824 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-019-0608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to antimicrobial agents of pathogenic bacteria has become a major problem in routine medical practices. Carbapenem resistance has long been increasing. The production of carbapenem- hydrolysing β-lactamases (carbapenamases), which include NDM, KPC, OXA-48, IMP-1 and VIM is the most common mechanism. Case presentation A 56 years old male presented with fever and mental changes with progressively decreasing sensorium for the last 3 days. He was admitted to Intensive care unit (ICU) with a diagnosis of meningoencephalitis. On day seven, he developed ventilator associated pneumonia due Klebsiella pnemoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. He was on meropenem, but the isolates were susceptible to colistin, tigecyclin and amikacin solely. Hence, amikacin was started with addition of intravenous and nebulized colistin. Subsequently, vital signs improved with resolution of fever. However, on day 18, he developed fever once again with a drop in blood pressure. Inotropic support was maintained, and echinocandins and tigecycline were added to the regimen. Repeat blood and urine culture grew Providencia species, which were resistant to most of the drugs on phenotypic Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and are intrinsically resistant to colistin and tigecycline. Phenotypic detection of ESBL (combined disk method), MBL, KPCs, AmpC and co-producer were tested according to updated CLSI guideline and all were negative. But the Modified Hodges test was found to be positive. Consequenty, OXA-48 drug resistance pattern was brought into action by blank disc method according to A Tsakris et al., which revealed indentation of growth toward both EDTA and EDTA/PBA disk indicating production of OXA-48 carbapenamase. To confirm the resistance pattern we processed the isolated colonies for Xpert Carba-R (Cepheid) assay, which detected blaOXA-48 gene and confirmed the OXA-48 drug resistance pattern. Hence, the infecting organism was not susceptible to any of the antibiotics. The patient was kept under isolation and on 31th day of admission, he died of septic shock. Conclusions Carbapenamase production along with intrinsic colistin resistance in infecting bacterial pathogens can cause fatal outcomes in the resource limited countries like Nepal where new antibiotic combinations ceftazidime+ Avibactam, or aztreonam +avibactam are not available. Drug resistance patterns including OXA 48 producer should be characterized in all cases by standard phenotypic methods or by Xpert Carba-R assay and larger studies are required to know the exact burden of OXA 48 producer in Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit Sah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shusila Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Gentle Sunder Shrestha
- Department of Anesthesiology (ICU), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Subhash Acharya
- Department of Anesthesiology (ICU), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Diptesh Aryal
- Department of Anesthesiology (ICU), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Pramesh Shrestha
- Department of Anesthesiology (ICU), Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Hari Prasad Kattel
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Niranjan Prasad Shah
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bharat Mani Pokhrel
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Basista Rijal
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
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26
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Kitano H, Teishima J, Shigemura K, Ohge H, Fujisawa M, Matsubara A. Current status of countermeasures for infectious diseases and resistant microbes in the field of urology. Int J Urol 2019; 26:1090-1098. [PMID: 31382322 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A worldwide increase in antimicrobial-resistant microbes due to the improper use of antimicrobial agents, along with a lack of progress in developing new antimicrobials, is becoming a societal problem. Although carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, which are resistant to carbapenem antimicrobials, first appeared in 1993, treatment options remain limited. Mechanisms behind antimicrobial resistance involve changes to microbial outer membranes, drug efflux pump abnormalities, β-lactamase production and the creation of biofilms around cell bodies. Genetic information related to these forms of antimicrobial resistance exists on chromosomes and plasmids, and when located on the latter can easily be transmitted to other strains, no matter the species, which creates a risk of antimicrobial resistance spreading exceptionally rapidly. To prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance, the World Health Organization in 2015 published an action plan on antimicrobial resistance, based on which World Health Organization member countries have laid out specific policies and targets. Urinary tract infections are a type of healthcare-associated infection, and the sexually transmitted disease pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has been included in a list of microbes that pose a risk to human health published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Urologists face numerous problems when attempting to use antimicrobials properly, which is one method of dealing with antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, this article describes the current state of resistant microbes associated with urinary tract infections and countermeasures for antimicrobial resistance, including new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University, Kobe City, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
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27
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Ract P, Compain F, Robin F, Decre D, Gallah S, Podglajen I. Synergistic in vitro activity between aztreonam and amoxicillin-clavulanate against Enterobacteriaceae-producing class B and/or class D carbapenemases with or without extended-spectrum β-lactamases. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1292-1298. [PMID: 31361213 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have become a major public health concern over the last decade and treatment options are limited.Aims. We evaluated the synergistic activity of the combination of aztreonam (ATM) and clavulanate for 41 β-lactam-resistant clinical isolates harbouring class B or/and class D carbapenemases combined or not with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs).Methodology. The MICs of ATM, with and without amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC), were determined. Time-kill assays were performed for three representative strains.Results. The ATM-AMC combination had a synergistic effect on 34/41 (83 %) isolates. The MIC of ATM, in the presence of clavulanate, was ≤1 mg l-1 for 15/41 (37 %) isolates and ≤4 mg l-1 for 29/41 (71 %) isolates. Synergistic activity was observed for 34/37 (92 %) isolates producing ESBLs and carbapenemases, compared to 0/4 (0 %) for ESBL-negative strains. Complete or partial bactericidal activity was obtained when the MIC of the combination was 0.5 mg l-1 and 1.5 mg l-1 or 8 mg l-1, respectively.Conclusion. The combination of ATM and AMC could be an attractive unconventional treatment for infections due to carbapenemase- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Ract
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Compain
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Robin
- Centre National de Référence de la résistance aux Antibiotiques (ESBL/cephalosporinases), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France.,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Decre
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Département de Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Salah Gallah
- Département de Bactériologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, GH Est Parisien, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Podglajen
- Service de Microbiologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris 75006, France
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28
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Tamma PD, Hsu AJ. Defining the Role of Novel β-Lactam Agents That Target Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8:251-260. [PMID: 30793757 PMCID: PMC6601385 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With the current carbapenem-resistant organism crisis, conventional approaches to optimizing pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic parameters are frequently inadequate, and traditional salvage agents (eg, colistin, tigecycline, etc) confer high toxicity and/or have low efficacy. However, several β-lactam agents with activity against carbapenem-resistant organisms were approved recently by the US Food and Drug Administration, and more are anticipated to be approved in the near future. The primary goal of this review is to assist infectious disease practitioners with preferentially selecting 1 agent over another when treating patients infected with a carbapenem-resistant organism. However, resistance to some of these antibiotics has already developed. Antibiotic stewardship programs can ensure that they are reserved for situations in which other options are lacking and are paramount for the survival of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranita D Tamma
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alice J Hsu
- Departments of Pharmacy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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29
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Smibert O, Satlin MJ, Nellore A, Peleg AY. Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Solid Organ Transplantation: Management Principles. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2019; 21:26. [PMID: 31183574 DOI: 10.1007/s11908-019-0679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have emerged as a worldwide problem. Given their degree of immunosuppression and the level of contact with the healthcare system, solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are at a disproportionately higher risk of acquisition, colonization, and infection with CRE, and outcomes from infection tend to be worse compared to non-transplant patients. Therapeutic options are limited for CRE infections although several newer agents have recently been approved for use. How well these agents perform in the setting of immunosuppression and SOT is unclear. We sought to review the epidemiology of CRE in SOT and the management principles. RECENT FINDINGS CRE infections are becoming an increasing problem in SOT, and donor-derived infections present a challenge in the peri-transplant period. Newer treatments for CRE are emerging that are less toxic and potentially more effective than prior CRE-active agents, but supportive clinical data are limited. Newer beta-lactamase inhibitors have good activity against KPC carbapenemases, but they lack activity against metallo-beta-lactamases (e.g., NDM). Promising data is emerging with newer agents that have activity against most carbapenemases, but, again, clinical data is needed. Combination therapy in addition to optimal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics may go some way to improve outcomes against these difficult-to-treat organisms. Other novel therapies that prevent the emergence of resistance (oral beta-lactamase inhibitors) and eradication of resistant Gram-negative colonization (fecal microbiota transplant) may eventually become part of a bundle approach to reduce CRE infections in the future. As in non-transplant patients, CRE infections in the transplant setting are challenging to treat and prevent. Infection prevention and control remains crucial to prevent widespread dissemination, and unique challenges exist with donor-derived CRE and how best to manage recipients in the peri-transplant period. Newer treatments are now in early-phase clinical studies, and in vitro activity data are supportive for several agents providing hope for improved outcomes with these typically difficult-to-treat and highly morbid infections in transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Smibert
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Transplant Infectious Disease and Compromised Host Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Satlin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anoma Nellore
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anton Y Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Aztreonam plus Clavulanate, Tazobactam, or Avibactam for Treatment of Infections Caused by Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.00010-19. [PMID: 30858212 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00010-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Gram-negative bacteria are often extremely resistant, leading to a real therapeutic dead end. Here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of aztreonam in combination with ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, or amoxicillin-clavulanate for the treatment of infections caused by MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MBL-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and extremely drug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia First, we report two clinical cases, namely, a urinary tract infection caused by an NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli isolate and a pulmonary infection caused by a S. maltophilia isolate efficiently treated with the association of aztreonam-ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-amoxicillin-clavulanate, respectively. Then, a total of 50 MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 3 MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates, and 5 extremely drug-resistant S. maltophilia isolates were used to test aztreonam susceptibility in combination with ceftolozane-tazobactam, ceftazidime-avibactam, or amoxicillin-clavulanate. The Etest strip superposition method was used to determine the MICs of the aztreonam/inhibitor combinations. According to CLSI breakpoints, aztreonam susceptibility was fully restored for 86%, 20%, and 50% of the MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates when combined with ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, and amoxicillin-clavulanate, respectively. In P. aeruginosa, the aztreonam-ceftazidime-avibactam combination was the most potent, even though the reduction in MICs was at most 2-fold. With the 5 S. maltophilia isolates, aztreonam-ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-amoxicillin-clavulanate were found to be equal (100% susceptibility). Overall, aztreonam-ceftazidime-avibactam was the most potent combination to treat infections caused by MBL producers compared with aztreonam-amoxicillin-clavulanate and aztreonam-ceftolozane-tazobactam. However, in many cases aztreonam-amoxicillin-clavulanate was found to be as efficient as aztreonam-ceftazidime-avibactam, offering the main advantage to be markedly cheaper. We also confirmed the validity of Etest superpositions as a very simple method to determine MICs of aztreonam combinations.
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31
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Veeraraghavan B, Pragasam AK, Bakthavatchalam YD, Anandan S, Ramasubramanian V, Swaminathan S, Gopalakrishnan R, Soman R, Abraham OC, Ohri VC, Walia K. Newer β-Lactam/β-Lactamase inhibitor for multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections: Challenges, implications and surveillance strategy for India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2019; 36:334-343. [PMID: 30429384 DOI: 10.4103/ijmm.ijmm_18_326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern across the globe, and it is increasing at an alarming rate. Multiple classes of antimicrobials have been used for the treatment of infectious diseases. Rise in the AMR limits its use and hence the prerequisite for the newer agents to combat drug resistance. Among the infections caused by Gram-negative organisms, beta-lactams are one of the most commonly used agents. However, the presence of diverse beta-lactamases hinders its use for therapy. To overcome these enzymes, beta-lactamase inhibitors are being discovered. The aim of this document is to address the burden of AMR in India and interventions to fight against this battle. This document addresses and summarises the following: The current scenario of AMR in India (antimicrobial susceptibility, resistance mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of common pathogens); contentious issues in the use of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor as an carbapenem sparing agent; role of newer beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor agents with its appropriateness to Indian scenario and; the Indian Council of Medical Research interventions to combat drug resistance in terms of surveillance and infection control as a national response to AMR. This document evidences the need for improved national surveillance system and country-specific newer agents to fight against the AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Veeraraghavan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Agila Kumari Pragasam
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Shalini Anandan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Ramasubramanian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Apollo Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeev Soman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, PD Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - O C Abraham
- Department of Medicine (Unit -1), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinod C Ohri
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamini Walia
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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32
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Jean SS, Lee NY, Tang HJ, Lu MC, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections: Taiwan Aspects. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2888. [PMID: 30538692 PMCID: PMC6277544 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), a major resistance concern emerging during the last decade because of significantly compromising the efficacy of carbapenem agents, has currently become an important focus of infection control. Many investigations have shown a high association of CRE infections with high case-fatality rates. In Taiwan, a few surveys observed that a significant proportion (29–47%) of the CR-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harbored a plasmidic allele encoding K. pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC, especially KPC-2). A significant increase in the number of oxacillinase (OXA)-48-like carbapenemases among CR-K. pneumoniae isolates was observed between 2012 and 2015. By striking contrast, isolates of CR-Escherichia coli and CR-Enterobacter species in Taiwan had a much lower percentage of carbapenemase production than CR-K. pneumoniae isolates. This differs from isolates found in China as well as in the India subcontinent. Apart from the hospital setting, CRE was also cultured from the inpatients from communities or long-term care facilities (LTCF). Therefore, implementation of regular CRE screening of LTCF residents, strict disinfectant use in nursing homes and hospital settings, and appropriate control of antibiotic prescriptions is suggested to alleviate the spread of clinical CRE isolates in Taiwan. Although there are some promising new antibiotics against CRE, such as ceftazidime-avibactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, aztreonam-avibactam and cefiderocol, these agents are not available in Taiwan currently. Therefore, in order to effectively decrease case-fatality rates among patients with the infections owing to carbapenemase-producing CRE isolates, combination antibiotic schemes, including colistin (or amikacin) and/or tigecycline in combination with an anti-pseudomonal carbapenem agent, remain the mainstay for treating clinical CRE infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shio-Shin Jean
- Department of Emergency, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine and Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Yao Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Min-Chi Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College and Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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