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Afrasiabi S, Partoazar A. Targeting bacterial biofilm-related genes with nanoparticle-based strategies. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387114. [PMID: 38841057 PMCID: PMC11150612 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection caused by biofilm is an urgent in medicine that should be tackled by new alternative strategies. Low efficiency of classical treatments and antibiotic resistance are the main concerns of the persistent infection due to biofilm formation which increases the risk of morbidity and mortality. The gene expression patterns in biofilm cells differed from those in planktonic cells. One of the promising approaches against biofilms is nanoparticle (NP)-based therapy in which NPs with multiple mechanisms hinder the resistance of bacterial cells in planktonic or biofilm forms. For instance, NPs such as silver (Ag), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper oxide (Cu), and iron oxide (Fe3O4) through the different strategies interfere with gene expression of bacteria associated with biofilm. The NPs can penetrate into the biofilm structure and affect the expression of efflux pump, quorum-sensing, and adhesion-related genes, which lead to inhibit the biofilm formation or development. Therefore, understanding and targeting of the genes and molecular basis of bacterial biofilm by NPs point to therapeutic targets that make possible control of biofilm infections. In parallel, the possible impact of NPs on the environment and their cytotoxicity should be avoided through controlled exposure and safety assessments. This study focuses on the biofilm-related genes that are potential targets for the inhibition of bacterial biofilms with highly effective NPs, especially metal or metal oxide NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afrasiabi
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Partoazar
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Hinthong W, Thaotumpitak V, Sripradite J, Indrawattana N, Srisook T, Kongngoen T, R. Atwill E, Jeamsripong S. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence profile, and genetic analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Nile tilapia in fresh markets and supermarkets in Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296857. [PMID: 38215169 PMCID: PMC10786378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Nile tilapia from fresh markets and supermarkets. A total of samples (n = 828) were collected from Nile tilapia including fish flesh (n = 276), liver and kidney (n = 276), and intestine (n = 276). Overall prevalence of fecal coliforms (61.6%) and E. coli (53.0%) were observed. High prevalence of E. coli was found in the intestine (71.4%), followed by the liver and kidney (45.7%). The highest prevalence of resistance was commonly found against tetracycline (78.5%), ampicillin (72.8%), and sulfamethoxazole (45.6%) with resistance to only tetracycline (15.2%) as the most common antibiogram. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) (54.4%) and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) (5.7%) were examined. The predominant virulence genes (n = 158) were st (14.6%), followed by eaeA (0.6%). The blaTEM (73.4%), tetA (65.2%), and qnrS (57.6%). There is statistical significance between Nile tilapia from fresh markets and supermarkets. Based on logistic regression analysis, ampicillin-resistant E. coli was statistically associated with the phenotypic resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim, and the presence of blaTEM and tetA (p < 0.05). Further investigation of AMR transference and their mechanisms is needed for AMR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarukorn Sripradite
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thassanee Srisook
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thida Kongngoen
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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Zhang R, Wang Y. EvgS/EvgA, the unorthodox two-component system regulating bacterial multiple resistance. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0157723. [PMID: 38019025 PMCID: PMC10734491 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01577-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE EvgS/EvgA, one of the five unorthodox two-component systems in Escherichia coli, plays an essential role in adjusting bacterial behaviors to adapt to the changing environment. Multiple resistance regulated by EvgS/EvgA endows bacteria to survive in adverse conditions such as acidic pH, multidrug, and heat. In this minireview, we summarize the specific structures and regulation mechanisms of EvgS/EvgA and its multiple resistance. By discussing several unresolved issues and proposing our speculations, this review will be helpful and enlightening for future directions about EvgS/EvgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Zhang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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4
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Jaradat N, Al-Maharik N, Hawash M, Qadi M, Issa L, Anaya R, Daraghmeh A, Hijleh L, Daraghmeh T, Alyat A, Aboturabi R. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh Leaf Essential Oil from Palestine Exhibits Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity but No Effect on Porcine Pancreatic Lipase and α-Amylase. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3805. [PMID: 38005702 PMCID: PMC10675789 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh is a tree species that is commonly used for various purposes, including forestry, agroforestry, and conservation. The present investigation was designed to determine the composition of E. camaldulensis leaves essential oil and estimate its free radicals, porcine pancreatic lipase, α-amylase inhibitory, and antimicrobial properties in vitro. The chemical constituents were analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), p-nitrophenyl butyrate, and 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNSA) methods were employed to estimate the antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects of the essential oil. The microdilution assay was employed to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the substance against a total of seven distinct microbial species. The GC-MS results revealed that E. camaldulensis essential oil contains 52 components that makeup 100% of the entire oil. The main chemical constituents in E. camaldulensis essential oil are p-cymene (38.64%), followed by aromadendrene (29.65%), and 1,8-cineol (6.45%), with monocyclic monoterpene being the most abundant phytochemical group, followed by the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon group, representing 44.27 and 31.46%, respectively. The essential oil showed a weak antioxidant effect and had no antilipase or antiamylase effects. At the same time, the oil showed a strong antimicrobial effect against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, and Proteus vulgaris, which was even more potent than the positive controls, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin, which had MIC doses of 0.2 ± 0.01, 0.2 ± 0.01, and 6.25 ± 0.1 µg/mL, respectively. It also has a strong anti-Candida albicans effect with a MIC of 0.2 ± 0.01 µg/mL. In light of these findings, in vivo studies should be conducted to determine the efficiency of the E. camaldulensis essential oil in treating microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Nawaf Al-Maharik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Mohammad Qadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine;
| | - Linda Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Rashad Anaya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Ayham Daraghmeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Lobna Hijleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Tasneem Daraghmeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Amal Alyat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Ro’a Aboturabi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus P.O. Box 7, Palestine; (M.H.); (L.I.); (R.A.); (A.D.); (L.H.); (T.D.); (A.A.); (R.A.)
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Gastaldi Guerrieri C, Teixeira Gonçalves M, Ferreira da Silva A, Souza Dos Santos AL, Dos Santos KV, Cruz Spano L. Remarkable antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and tobramycin, by themselves or in combination, against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in vitro. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116048. [PMID: 37657231 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), a biofilm forming pathogen, causes acute and persistent diarrhea worldwide, requiring antimicrobial therapy in severe or persistent cases. To determine the susceptibility of EAEC biofilm to antimicrobials, as single-agent or combined therapy, biofilm formation was investigated using EAEC clinical strains via peg lid. Of the 78 initially analyzed strains, 35 could form biofilms, 15 (42.9%; 15/35) were resistant to at least 1 tested antimicrobial and 20 (57.1%) were susceptible to all of them in the planktonic form. The biofilms of these susceptible strains were challenged against chosen antimicrobials, and displayed resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (85%-100%), tobramycin (25%), cefoxitin (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). Moreover, ciprofloxacin combined with ampicillin, and tobramycin eradicated the biofilm of 2 of the 4 tested strains. Ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and tobramycin maintained their activity well against EAEC biofilm, suggesting their possible effectiveness to treat diarrhea caused by biofilm-forming EAEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gastaldi Guerrieri
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Teixeira Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anazi Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kênia Valéria Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Cruz Spano
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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6
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Jin X, Yu FB, Yan J, Weakley AM, Dubinkina V, Meng X, Pollard KS. Culturing of a complex gut microbial community in mucin-hydrogel carriers reveals strain- and gene-associated spatial organization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3510. [PMID: 37316519 PMCID: PMC10267222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial community function depends on both taxonomic composition and spatial organization. While composition of the human gut microbiome has been deeply characterized, less is known about the organization of microbes between regions such as lumen and mucosa and the microbial genes regulating this organization. Using a defined 117 strain community for which we generate high-quality genome assemblies, we model mucosa/lumen organization with in vitro cultures incorporating mucin hydrogel carriers as surfaces for bacterial attachment. Metagenomic tracking of carrier cultures reveals increased diversity and strain-specific spatial organization, with distinct strains enriched on carriers versus liquid supernatant, mirroring mucosa/lumen enrichment in vivo. A comprehensive search for microbial genes associated with this spatial organization identifies candidates with known adhesion-related functions, as well as novel links. These findings demonstrate that carrier cultures of defined communities effectively recapitulate fundamental aspects of gut spatial organization, enabling identification of key microbial strains and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Jin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jia Yan
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Xiandong Meng
- Sarafan ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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7
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Hajiagha MN, Kafil HS. Efflux pumps and microbial biofilm formation. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105459. [PMID: 37271271 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections are resistant forms of pathogens that are regarded as a medical problem, particularly due to the spread of multiple drug resistance. One of the factors associated with biofilm drug resistance is the presence of various types of efflux pumps in bacteria. Efflux pumps also play a role in biofilm formation by influencing Physical-chemical interactions, mobility, gene regulation, quorum sensing (QS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and toxic compound extrusion. According to the findings of studies based on efflux pump expression analysis, their role in the anatomical position within the biofilm will differ depending on the biofilm formation stage, encoding gene expression level, the type and concentration of substrate. In some cases, the function of the efflux pumps can overlap with each other, so it seems necessary to accurate identify the efflux pumps of biofilm-forming bacteria along with their function in this process. Such studies will help to choose treatment strategy, at least in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, if the goal of treatment is an efflux pump manipulation, we should not limit it to inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyeh Neghabi Hajiagha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Environmental complexity is more important than mutation in driving the evolution of latent novel traits in E. coli. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5904. [PMID: 36202805 PMCID: PMC9537139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33634-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments show that adaptive Darwinian evolution in one environment can lead to the emergence of multiple new traits that provide no immediate benefit in this environment. Such latent non-adaptive traits, however, can become adaptive in future environments. We do not know whether mutation or environment-driven selection is more important for the emergence of such traits. To find out, we evolve multiple wild-type and mutator E. coli populations under two mutation rates in simple (single antibiotic) environments and in complex (multi-antibiotic) environments. We then assay the viability of evolved populations in dozens of new environments and show that all populations become viable in multiple new environments different from those they had evolved in. The number of these new environments increases with environmental complexity but not with the mutation rate. Genome sequencing demonstrates the reason: Different environments affect pleiotropic mutations differently. Our experiments show that the selection pressure provided by an environment can be more important for the evolution of novel traits than the mutational supply experienced by a wild-type and a mutator strain of E. coli. Novel traits without immediate fitness benefit evolve frequently but we don’t know whether mutation or environment-driven selection drives this evolution. Here, using experimental evolution of E. coli populations, the authors demonstrate the importance of selection in the evolution of latent novel traits.
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9
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Shukla SK, Manobala T, Rao TS. The role of S-layer Protein (SlpA) in biofilm-formation of Deinococcus radiodurans. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:796-807. [PMID: 35507240 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the molecular basis of biofilm formation in a recombinant lab strain of Deinococcus radiodurans with a plasmid harbouring gfp and kanR that acquired the biofilm-forming ability. METHODS AND RESULTS D. radiodurans R1 is known as a non-biofilm former bacterium and so far there are no reports on its biofilm-producing capabilities. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of biofilm formation in a recombinant strain of D. radiodurans using classical biofilm assays, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and real-time PCR. Biochemical analysis of D. radiodurans biofilm matrix revealed that it consisted predominantly of protein and carbohydrate complexes with a little amount of extracellular DNA (eDNA). Further, studies showed that D. radiodurans biofilm formation was enhanced in the presence of 25 mM Ca2+ , which enhanced the exopolysaccharide and protein content in the biofilm matrix. Enzymatic treatments with proteinase K, alginate lyase, and DNase I indicated the involvement of some proteinaceous components to be critical in the biofilm formation. RT-PCR studies showed that enhanced expression of a surface layer protein SlpA conferred the biofilm ability to D. radiodurans. CONCLUSION Overexpression of SlpA in D. radiodurans conferred the biofilm formation ability to the bacterium, in which a partial role was also played by the recombinant plasmid pKG. It was also shown that the presence of Ca2+ in the growth medium enhanced SlpA production, thus improving biofilm stability and biofilm maturation of D. radiodurans. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT This study shows how biofilm formation can be augmented in D. radiodurans. The finding has implications for the development of D. radiodurans biofilm-based biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K Shukla
- Biofouling & Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, 603 102, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - T Manobala
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 025, India
| | - T Subba Rao
- Biofouling & Biofilm Processes Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, 603 102, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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10
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Wang L, Yao H, Tong T, Lau K, Leung SY, Ho JWK, Leung WK. Dynamic changes in antibiotic resistance genes and gut microbiota after Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12871. [PMID: 34969161 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-term antibiotics exposure is associated with alterations in microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the human gut. While antibiotics are critical in the successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori, the short-term and long-term impacts on the composition and quantity of antibiotics resistance genes after H. pylori eradication are unclear. This study used whole-genome shotgun metagenomic of stool samples to characterize the gut microbiota and ARGs, before and after H. pylori eradication therapy. RESULTS Forty-four H. pylori-infected patients were recruited, including 21 treatment naïve patients who received clarithromycin-based triple therapy (CLA group) and 23 patients who failed previous therapies, in which 10 received levofloxacin-based quadruple therapy (LEVO group) and 13 received other combinations (OTHER group). Stool samples were collected at baseline (before current treatment), 6 week and 6 month after eradication therapy. At baseline, there was only a slight difference among the three groups on ARGs and gut microbiota. After eradication therapy, there was a transient but significant increase in gut ARGs 6 week post-therapy, among which the LEVO group had the most significant ARGs alteration compared to other two groups. For treatment naïve patients, those with higher ErmF abundance were prone to fail CLA eradication and gain more ARGs after treatment. For gut microbiota, the bacteria richness decreased at 6 week and there was a significant difference in microbiota community among the three groups at 6 week. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the dynamic alterations in gut microbiota and ARGs induced by different eradication therapies, which could influence the choices of antibiotics in eradication therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haobin Yao
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Teresa Tong
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - KamShing Lau
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Suet Yi Leung
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences (CPOS), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The Jockey Club Centre for Clinical Innovation and Discovery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joshua W K Ho
- School of Biomedical Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.,Centre for PanorOmic Sciences (CPOS), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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11
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Müller AR, Leite BR, Corção G. Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Capacity in Tetracycline-Resistant Bacteria from a Coastal Lagoon. Microb Drug Resist 2022; 28:654-659. [PMID: 35325574 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns have been raised regarding co-selection for antibiotic resistance among bacteria exposed to antibiotics used as growth promoters for some livestock and poultry species. Tetracycline had been commonly used for this purpose worldwide, and its residue has been associated with selection of resistant bacteria in aquatic biofilms. This study aimed to determine the resistance profile, the existence of some beta-lactamases genes and the capacity to form biofilm of bacteria isolated from water samples previously exposed to tetracycline (20 mg/L). Thirty-seven tetracycline-resistant bacterial strains were identified as Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Enterococcus faecium. The highest percentage of resistance was for ampicillin (75.75%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (66.66%) in the Gram-negative bacteria and an E. faecium strain showed high resistance to vancomycin (minimum inhibitory concentration 250 μg/mL). Among the strains analyzed, 81.09% had multidrug resistance and eight Gram-negatives carried the blaOXA-48 gene. All strains were able to form biofilm and 43.23% were strong biofilm formers. This study suggests that resistant bacteria can be selected under selection pressure of tetracycline, and that these bacteria could contribute to the maintenance and spread of antimicrobial resistance in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Reis Müller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Belize Rodrigues Leite
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gertrudes Corção
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Institute of Basic Health Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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12
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Chitlapilly Dass S, Wang R. Biofilm through the Looking Glass: A Microbial Food Safety Perspective. Pathogens 2022; 11:346. [PMID: 35335670 PMCID: PMC8954374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-processing facilities harbor a wide diversity of microorganisms that persist and interact in multispecies biofilms, which could provide an ecological niche for pathogens to better colonize and gain tolerance against sanitization. Biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens is a serious threat to food safety and public health. Biofilms are formed in an environment through synergistic interactions within the microbial community through mutual adaptive response to their long-term coexistence. Mixed-species biofilms are more tolerant to sanitizers than single-species biofilms or their planktonic equivalents. Hence, there is a need to explore how multispecies biofilms help in protecting the foodborne pathogen from common sanitizers and disseminate biofilm cells from hotspots and contaminate food products. This knowledge will help in designing microbial interventions to mitigate foodborne pathogens in the processing environment. As the global need for safe, high-quality, and nutritious food increases, it is vital to study foodborne pathogen behavior and engineer new interventions that safeguard food from contamination with pathogens. This review focuses on the potential food safety issues associated with biofilms in the food-processing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Wang
- Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA;
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13
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Grimes KL, Dunphy LJ, Kolling GL, Papin JA, Colosi LM. Algae-mediated treatment offers apparent removal of a model antibiotic resistance gene. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Rilstone V, Vignale L, Craddock J, Cushing A, Filion Y, Champagne P. The role of antibiotics and heavy metals on the development, promotion, and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance in drinking water biofilms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131048. [PMID: 34470147 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), as well as the development of biofilms in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs), have become an increasing concern for public health and management. As bulk water travels from source to tap, it may accumulate contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) such as antibiotics and heavy metals. When these CECs and other selective pressures, such as disinfection, pipe material, temperature, pH, and nutrient availability interact with planktonic cells and, consequently, DWDS biofilms, AMR is promoted. The purpose of this review is to highlight the mechanisms by which AMR develops and is disseminated within DWDS biofilms. First, this review will lay a foundation by describing how DWDS biofilms form, as well as their basic intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Next, the selective pressures that further induce AMR in DWDS biofilms will be elaborated. Then, the pressures by which antibiotic and heavy metal CECs accumulate in DWDS biofilms, their individual resistance mechanisms, and co-selection are described and discussed. Finally, the known human health risks and current management strategies to mitigate AMR in DWDSs will be presented. Overall, this review provides critical connections between several biotic and abiotic factors that influence and induce AMR in DWDS biofilms. Implications are made regarding the importance of monitoring and managing the development, promotion, and dissemination of AMR in DWDS biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Rilstone
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Leah Vignale
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Justine Craddock
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Alexandria Cushing
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada
| | - Yves Filion
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada.
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Beaty Water Research Centre, Department of Civil Engineering, Union Street, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3Z6, Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec City, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhou L, Zhao Z. Impacts of antibiotics on biofilm bacterial community and disinfection performance on simulated drinking water supply pipe wall. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 288:117736. [PMID: 34256291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overuse of antibiotics is accelerating the spread of resistance risk in the environment. In drinking water supply systems, the effect of antibiotics on the resistance of biofilm is unclear, and there have been few studies in disinfectant-containing systems. Here, we designed a series of drinking water supply reactors to investigate the effects of antibiotics on biofilm and bacteria in the water. At low concentrations, antibiotics could promote the growth of bacteria in biofilm; among the tested antibiotics (tetracycline, sulfadiazine and chloramphenicol), tetracycline had the strongest ability to promote this. And the antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) could inhibit the growth of bacteria in drinking water. Results have shown that antibiotics enhanced the bacterial chlorine resistance in the effluent, but reduced that in the biofilm. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis showed that antibiotics reduced the richness of biofilm communities. The dominant phyla in the biofilm were Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Firmicutes. In tetracycline-treated biofilm, the dominant phylum was Planctomycetes. In sulfadiazine- and chloramphenicol-treated groups, bacteria with complex cell structures preferentially accumulated. The dominant class in biofilm in the ARB-added group was Gammaproteobacteria. The abundance of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) was correlated with biofilm community structure. This study shows that antibiotics make the biofilm community structure of drinking water more resistant to chlorine. ARGs may be selective for certain bacteria in the process, and there may ultimately be enhanced chlorine and antibiotic resistance of effluent bacteria in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lina Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lingling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Jimei District, Xiamen, 361021, China
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16
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Salam LB, Obayori OS, Ilori MO, Amund OO. Impact of spent engine oil contamination on the antibiotic resistome of a tropical agricultural soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:1251-1271. [PMID: 33993436 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Profiling of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is becoming increasingly important due to emerging realities of their preponderance in hydrocarbon-inundated matrices. In this study, the antibiotic resistome of an agricultural soil (1S) and agricultural soil contaminated with spent engine oil (AB1) were evaluated via functional annotation of the open reading frames (ORFs) of their metagenomes using the comprehensive antibiotic database (CARD) and KEGG KofamKOALA. CARD analysis of AB1 metagenome revealed the detection of 24 AMR (antimicrobial resistance) gene families, 66 ARGs, and the preponderance (69.7%) of ARGs responsible for antibiotic efflux in AB1 metagenome. CARD analysis of 1S metagenome revealed four AMR gene families and five ARGs. Functional annotation of the two metagenomes using KofamKOALA showed 171 ARGs in AB1 and 29 ARGs in 1S, respectively. Majority of the detected ARGs in AB1 (121; 70.8%) and 1S (16; 55.2%) using KofamKOALA are responsible for antibiotic efflux while ARGs for other resistance mechanisms were also detected. All the five major antibiotic efflux pump systems were detected in AB1 metagenome, though majority of the ARGs for antibiotic efflux belong to the RND (resistance-nodulation-cell division) and MFS (major facilitator superfamily) efflux systems. Significant differences observed in the ARGs recovered from 1S and AB1 metagenomes were statistically validated (P < 0.05). SEO contamination is believed to be responsible for ARGs increase in AB1 metagenome via mechanisms of cross-resistance especially with efflux pumps. The detection of these ARGs is of great public health concern in this era of multidrug resistant isolates resurgence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lateef Babatunde Salam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology Unit, Summit University, Offa, Kwara, Nigeria.
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17
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Su T, Qiu Y, Hua X, Ye B, Luo H, Liu D, Qu P, Qiu Z. Novel Opportunity to Reverse Antibiotic Resistance: To Explore Traditional Chinese Medicine With Potential Activity Against Antibiotics-Resistance Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:610070. [PMID: 33414777 PMCID: PMC7782309 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.610070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming significantly prominent and urgent in clinical practice with the increasing and wide application of antibacterial drugs. However, developing and synthesizing new antimicrobial drugs is costly and time-consuming. Recently, researchers shifted their sights to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Here, we summarized the inhibitory mechanism of TCM herbs and their active ingredients on bacteria, discussed the regulatory mechanism of TCM on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and revealed preclinical results of TCM herbs and their active components against antibiotic-resistant bacteria in mouse models. Those data suggest that TCM herbs and their effective constituents exhibit potential blockage ability on antibiotic-resistant bacteria, providing novel therapeutic ideas for reversing antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Su
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesi Hua
- College of Literature, Science and Arts University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bi Ye
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Da Liu
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Qu
- National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- College of Pharmacy Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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18
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AlMatar M, Albarri O, Makky EA, Köksal F. Efflux pump inhibitors: new updates. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:1-16. [PMID: 32946075 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics ought to have ended the issue of bacterial infections, but this was not the case as it has led to the evolution of various mechanisms of bacterial resistance against various antibiotics. The efflux pump remains one of the mechanisms through which organisms develop resistance against antibiotics; this is because organisms can extrude most of the clinically relevant antibiotics from the interior cell environment to the exterior environment via the efflux pumps. Efflux pumps are thought to contribute significantly to biofilm formation as highlighted by various studies. Therefore, the inhibition of these efflux pumps can be a potential way of improving the activity of antibiotics, particularly now that the discovery of novel antibiotics is becoming tedious. Efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) are molecules that can inhibit efflux pumps; they have been considered potential therapeutic agents for rejuvenating the activity of antibiotics that have already lost their activity against bacteria. However, studies are yet to determine the specific substrates for such pumps; the effect of altered efflux activity of these pumps on biofilm formation is still being investigated. A clear knowledge of the involvement of efflux pumps in biofilm development could aid in developing new agents that can interfere with their function and help to prevent biofilms formation; thereby, improving the outcome of treatment strategies. This review focuses on the novel update of EPIs and discusses the evidence of the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation; the potential approaches towards overcoming the increasing problem of biofilm-based infections are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
| | - Osman Albarri
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences (Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü), Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Essam A Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Malaysia.
| | - Fatih Köksal
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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19
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Gama JA, Fredheim EGA, Cléon F, Reis AM, Zilhão R, Dionisio F. Dominance Between Plasmids Determines the Extent of Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2070. [PMID: 32983050 PMCID: PMC7479130 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms have an impact in medical and industrial environments because they often confer protection to bacteria against harmful agents, and constitute a source from which microorganisms can disperse. Conjugative plasmids can enhance bacterial ability to form biofilms because conjugative pili act as adhesion factors. However, plasmids may interact with each other, either facilitating or inhibiting plasmid transfer. Accordingly, we asked whether effects on plasmid transfer also impacts biofilm formation. We measured biofilm formation of Escherichia coli cells harboring two plasmid types, or when the two plasmids were present in the same population but carried in different cells. Using eleven natural isolated conjugative plasmids, we confirmed that some indeed promote biofilm formation and, importantly, that this ability is correlated with conjugative efficiency. Further we studied the effect of plasmid pairs on biofilm formation. We observed increased biofilm formation in approximately half of the combinations when both plasmids inhabited the same cell or when the plasmids were carried in different cells. Moreover, in approximately half of the combinations, independent of the co-inhabitation conditions, one of the plasmids alone determined the extent of biofilm formation – thus having a dominant effect over the other plasmid. The molecular mechanisms responsible for these interactions were not evaluated here and future research is required to elucidate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Alves Gama
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - François Cléon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ana Maria Reis
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Zilhão
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Francisco Dionisio
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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20
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Tetracycline Induces the Formation of Biofilm of Bacteria from Different Phases of Wastewater Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study monitored the effect of tetracycline on bacterial biofilm formation and compared biofilm formation by resistant bacterial strains in different phases of the wastewater treatment process in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). The crystal violet staining method was used to evaluate the biofilm formation. Biofilm-related bacterial properties were characterized by hydrophobicity, autoaggregation and motility tests. The relative abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (tetW, tetM, tetO, tetA and tetB) in wastewaters were subsequently quantified using qPCR. The results show that the isolates from the nitrification tank produce biofilm with up to 10 times greater intensity relative to the isolates from the sedimentation tank. In isolates of Aeromonas sp. from the nitrification tank, increased biofilm production in the occurrence of tetracycline from a concentration of 0.03125 µg/mL was observed. The tetW gene showed the highest relative abundance out of all the tested genes. From the sampling points, its abundance was the highest in the sedimentation tank of the WWTP. Based on these results, it can be assumed that resistant bacteria are able to form a biofilm and sub-inhibitory tetracycline concentrations induce biofilm formation. WWTPs thus represent a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and contribute to the spread of resistance in the natural environment.
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21
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Sun Y, Wen S, Zhao L, Xia Q, Pan Y, Liu H, Wei C, Chen H, Ge J, Wang H. Association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from diarrhetic animals in Northeast China. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:176. [PMID: 32503535 PMCID: PMC7275385 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02372-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the association among biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and antibiotic resistance in P. mirabilis isolates collected from diarrhetic animals (n = 176) in northeast China between September 2014 and October 2016. Results Approximately 92.05% of the isolates were biofilm producers, whereas 7.95% of the isolates were non-producers. The prevalence of virulence genes in the biofilm producer group was significantly higher than that in the non-producer group. Biofilm production was significantly associated with the expression of ureC, zapA, rsmA, hmpA, mrpA, atfA, and pmfA (P < 0.05). The results of drug susceptibility tests revealed that approximately 76.7% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR). Biofilm production was significantly associated with resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, kanamycin, and cephalothin (P < 0.05). Although the pathogenicity of the biofilm producers was stronger than that of the non-producers, the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates was not significantly associated with morbidity and mortality in mice (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested that a high level of multidrug resistance in P. mirabilis isolates obtained from diarrhetic animals in northeast China. The results of this study indicated that the positive rates of the genes expressed by biofilm-producing P. mirabilis isolates were significantly higher than those expressed by non-producing isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China.,Liaoning Vocational College of Ecological Engineering, Shenyang, 110122, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, P.R. China
| | - Qiqi Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yue Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Chengwei Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China.,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, P.R. China.
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22
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Galera-Laporta L, Garcia-Ojalvo J. Antithetic population response to antibiotics in a polybacterial community. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz5108. [PMID: 32181369 PMCID: PMC7060062 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz5108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Much is known about the effects of antibiotics on isolated bacterial species, but their influence on polybacterial communities is less understood. Here, we study the joint response of a mixed community of nonresistant Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria to moderate concentrations of the β-lactam antibiotic ampicillin. We show that when the two organisms coexist, their population response to the antibiotic is opposite to that in isolation: Whereas in monoculture B. subtilis is tolerant and E. coli is sensitive to ampicillin, in coculture it is E. coli who can proliferate in the presence of the antibiotic, while B. subtilis cannot. This antithetic behavior is predicted by a mathematical model constrained only by the responses of the two species in isolation. Our results thus show that the collective response of mixed bacterial ecosystems to antibiotics can run counter to what single-species potency studies tell us about their efficacy.
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Gomes L, Monteiro G, Mergulhão F. The Impact of IPTG Induction on Plasmid Stability and Heterologous Protein Expression by Escherichia coli Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020576. [PMID: 31963160 PMCID: PMC7013871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work assesses the effect of chemical induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) on the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by planktonic and biofilm cells of Escherichia coli JM109(DE3) transformed with a plasmid containing a T7 promoter. It was shown that induction negatively affected the growth and viability of planktonic cultures, and eGFP production did not increase. Heterologous protein production was not limited by gene dosage or by transcriptional activity. Results suggest that plasmid maintenance at high copy number imposes a metabolic burden that precludes high level expression of the heterologous protein. In biofilm cells, the inducer avoided the overall decrease in the amount of expressed eGFP, although this was not correlated with the gene dosage. Higher specific production levels were always attained with biofilm cells and it seems that while induction of biofilm cells shifts their metabolism towards the maintenance of heterologous protein concentration, in planktonic cells the cellular resources are directed towards plasmid replication and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gomes
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Gabriel Monteiro
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225081668
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Alav I, Sutton JM, Rahman KM. Role of bacterial efflux pumps in biofilm formation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2019; 73:2003-2020. [PMID: 29506149 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dky042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps are widely implicated in antibiotic resistance because they can extrude the majority of clinically relevant antibiotics from within cells to the extracellular environment. However, there is increasing evidence from many studies to suggest that the pumps also play a role in biofilm formation. These studies have involved investigating the effects of efflux pump gene mutagenesis and efflux pump inhibitors on biofilm formation, and measuring the levels of efflux pump gene expression in biofilms. In particular, several key pathogenic species associated with increasing multidrug resistance, such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, have been investigated, whilst other studies have focused on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as a model organism and problematic pathogen. Studies have shown that efflux pumps, including AcrAB-TolC of E. coli, MexAB-OprM of P. aeruginosa, AdeFGH of A. baumannii and AcrD of S. enterica, play important roles in biofilm formation. The substrates for such pumps, and whether changes in their efflux activity affect biofilm formation directly or indirectly, remain to be determined. By understanding the roles that efflux pumps play in biofilm formation, novel therapeutic strategies can be developed to inhibit their function, to help disrupt biofilms and improve the treatment of infections. This review will discuss and evaluate the evidence for the roles of efflux pumps in biofilm formation and the potential approaches to overcome the increasing problem of biofilm-based infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Alav
- School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
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25
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Cen ME, Wang F, Su Y, Zhang WJ, Sun B, Wang G. Gastrointestinal microecology: a crucial and potential target in acute pancreatitis. Apoptosis 2019; 23:377-387. [PMID: 29926313 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the early stage of acute pancreatitis (AP), abundant cytokines induced by local pancreatic inflammation enter the bloodstream, further cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) by "trigger effect", which eventually leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). During SIRS and MODS, the intestinal barrier function was seriously damaged accompanied by the occurrence of gut-derived infection which forms a "second hit summit" by inflammatory overabundance. Gastrointestinal microecology, namely the biologic barrier, could be transformed into a pathogenic state, which is called microflora dysbiosis when interfered by the inflammatory stress during AP. More and more evidences indicate that gastrointestinal microflora dysbiosis plays a key role in "the second hit" induced by AP gut-derived infection. Therefore, the maintenance of gastrointestinal microecology balance is likely to provide an effective method in modulating systemic infection of AP. This article reviewed the progress of gastrointestinal microecology in AP to provide a reference for deeply understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of AP and identifying new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Er Cen
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.,Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Nephropathy, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wang-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
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Pasqua M, Grossi M, Zennaro A, Fanelli G, Micheli G, Barras F, Colonna B, Prosseda G. The Varied Role of Efflux Pumps of the MFS Family in the Interplay of Bacteria with Animal and Plant Cells. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090285. [PMID: 31443538 PMCID: PMC6780985 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps represent an important and large group of transporter proteins found in all organisms. The importance of efflux pumps resides in their ability to extrude a wide range of antibiotics, resulting in the emergence of multidrug resistance in many bacteria. Besides antibiotics, multidrug efflux pumps can also extrude a large variety of compounds: Bacterial metabolites, plant-produced compounds, quorum-sensing molecules, and virulence factors. This versatility makes efflux pumps relevant players in interactions not only with other bacteria, but also with plant or animal cells. The multidrug efflux pumps belonging to the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) are widely distributed in microbial genomes and exhibit a large spectrum of substrate specificities. Multidrug MFS efflux pumps are present either as single-component transporters or as tripartite complexes. In this review, we will summarize how the multidrug MFS efflux pumps contribute to the interplay between bacteria and targeted host cells, with emphasis on their role in bacterial virulence, in the colonization of plant and animal host cells and in biofilm formation. We will also address the complexity of these interactions in the light of the underlying regulatory networks required for the effective activation of efflux pump genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pasqua
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Milena Grossi
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zennaro
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fanelli
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gioacchino Micheli
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Frederic Barras
- Département de Microbiologie, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
- Équipe de Recherche Labellisée (ERL) Microbiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Bianca Colonna
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Prosseda
- Istituto Pasteur Italia, Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Via dei Sardi 70, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Lahiri D, Dash S, Dutta R, Nag M. Elucidating the effect of anti-biofilm activity of bioactive compounds extracted from plants. J Biosci 2019; 44:52. [PMID: 31180065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajit Lahiri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India
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Lipus D, Vikram A, Gulliver D, Bibby K. Upregulation of peroxide scavenging enzymes and multidrug efflux proteins highlight an active sodium hypochlorite response in Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms. BIOFOULING 2019; 35:329-339. [PMID: 31066290 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2019.1605357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative biocide sodium hypochlorite is among the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in the control of surface-attached microbial communities (biofilms). Clarifying the genetic response of microorganisms in biofilms to hypochlorite may contribute to improved biofilm control strategies. Here, RNA-seq was used to investigate the differential gene expression response of industrially relevant Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms to sub-lethal concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Pseudomonas biofilms responded to hypochlorite exposure with increased transcription of genes encoding peroxide scavenging enzymes (e.g., alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (Ahp) and hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr)), oxidative stress repair enzymes (e.g., the periplasmic sulfoxide reductase YedYZ complex), and multidrug efflux (e.g., MexEF pumps). In addition, genes involved in amino acid synthesis and energy metabolism were down-regulated following hypochlorite exposure. This work improves the current understanding of genetic response mechanisms to biocides and contributes to the optimization of biocides and application strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lipus
- a National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
- b Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge , Tennessee , USA
- c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Amit Vikram
- d US Department of Agriculture , Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska US Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center , Nebraska
| | - Djuna Gulliver
- a National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
| | - Kyle Bibby
- b Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge , Tennessee , USA
- c Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , USA
- e Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences , University of Notre Dame , South Bend , Indiana , USA
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Shriram V, Khare T, Bhagwat R, Shukla R, Kumar V. Inhibiting Bacterial Drug Efflux Pumps via Phyto-Therapeutics to Combat Threatening Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2990. [PMID: 30619113 PMCID: PMC6295477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics, once considered the lifeline for treating bacterial infections, are under threat due to the emergence of threatening antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These drug-resistant microbes (or superbugs) are non-responsive to most of the commonly used antibiotics leaving us with few treatment options and escalating mortality-rates and treatment costs. The problem is further aggravated by the drying-pipeline of new and potent antibiotics effective particularly against the drug-resistant strains. Multidrug efflux pumps (EPs) are established as principal determinants of AMR, extruding multiple antibiotics out of the cell, mostly in non-specific manner and have therefore emerged as potent drug-targets for combating AMR. Plants being the reservoir of bioactive compounds can serve as a source of potent EP inhibitors (EPIs). The phyto-therapeutics with noteworthy drug-resistance-reversal or re-sensitizing activities may prove significant for reviving the otherwise fading antibiotics arsenal and making this combination-therapy effective. Contemporary attempts to potentiate the antibiotics with plant extracts and pure phytomolecules have gained momentum though with relatively less success against Gram-negative bacteria. Plant-based EPIs hold promise as potent drug-leads to combat the EPI-mediated AMR. This review presents an account of major bacterial multidrug EPs, their roles in imparting AMR, effective strategies for inhibiting drug EPs with phytomolecules, and current account of research on developing novel and potent plant-based EPIs for reversing their AMR characteristics. Recent developments including emergence of in silico tools, major success stories, challenges and future prospects are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India
| | - Rohit Bhagwat
- Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Ravi Shukla
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India.,Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Zhang J, Poh CL. Regulating exopolysaccharide gene wcaF allows control of Escherichia coli biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13127. [PMID: 30177768 PMCID: PMC6120894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While biofilms are known to cause problems in many areas of human health and the industry, biofilms are important in a number of engineering applications including wastewater management, bioremediation, and bioproduction of valuable chemicals. However, excessive biofilm growth remains a key challenge in the use of biofilms in these applications. As certain amount of biofilm growth is required for efficient use of biofilms, the ability to control and maintain biofilms at desired thickness is vital. To this end, we developed synthetic gene circuits to control E. coli MG1655 biofilm formation by using CRISPRi/dCas9 to regulate a gene (wcaF) involved in the synthesis of colanic acid (CA), a key polysaccharide in E. coli biofilm extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). We showed that the biofilm formation was inhibited when wcaF was repressed and the biofilms could be maintained at a different thickness over a period of time. We also demonstrated that it is also possible to control the biofilm thickness spatially by inhibiting wcaF gene using a genetic light switch. The results demonstrate that the approach has great potential as a new means to control and maintain biofilm thickness in biofilm related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chueh Loo Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, 117456, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, Singapore.
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Lim SY, Teh CSJ, Thong KL. Biofilm-Related Diseases and Omics: Global Transcriptional Profiling of Enterococcus faecium Reveals Different Gene Expression Patterns in the Biofilm and Planktonic Cells. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 21:592-602. [PMID: 29049010 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2017.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is an opportunistic pathogen with a remarkable ability to acquire resistance toward multiple antibiotics, including those of last-resort drugs such as vancomycin and daptomycin. The occurrence of vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is on the rise and there is a need to understand the virulence of this organism. One of the factors that contributes to the virulence is the ability to form biofilms. Since bacteria in biofilm state are more resistant to antibiotics and host immune response, understanding the molecular mechanism of biofilm development is important to control biofilm-related diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the global gene expression profiles of an E. faecium strain, VREr5, during the early event of sessile growth compared with its planktonic phase through RNA-sequencing approach. The results clearly illustrated distinct expression profiles of the planktonic and biofilm cells. A total of 177 genes were overexpressed in the biofilm cells. Most of them encode for proteins involved in adherence, such as the ebpABCfm locus. Genes associated with plasmid replication, gene exchange, and protein synthesis were also upregulated during the early event of biofilm development. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis also identified genes such as fsrB, luxS, and spx that might suppress biofilm formation in VREr5. The putative biofilm-related bee locus was found to be downregulated. These new findings could provide caveats for future studies on the regulation and maintenance of biofilm and development of biomarkers for biofilm-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yong Lim
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kwai Lin Thong
- 1 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Soares A, Gomes LC, Mergulhão FJ. Comparing the Recombinant Protein Production Potential of Planktonic and Biofilm Cells. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E48. [PMID: 29794993 PMCID: PMC6027475 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant protein production in bacterial cells is commonly performed using planktonic cultures. However, the natural state for many bacteria is living in communities attached to surfaces forming biofilms. In this work, a flow cell system was used to compare the production of a model recombinant protein (enhanced green fluorescent protein, eGFP) between planktonic and biofilm cells. The fluorometric analysis revealed that when the system was in steady state, the average specific eGFP production from Escherichia coli biofilm cells was 10-fold higher than in planktonic cells. Additionally, epifluorescence microscopy was used to determine the percentage of eGFP-expressing cells in both planktonic and biofilm populations. In steady state, the percentage of planktonic-expressing cells oscillated around 5%, whereas for biofilms eGFP-expressing cells represented on average 21% of the total cell population. Therefore, the combination of fluorometric and microscopy data allowed us to conclude that E. coli biofilm cells can have a higher recombinant protein production capacity when compared to their planktonic counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Soares
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luciana Calheiros Gomes
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Filipe José Mergulhão
- LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Tashiro Y, Eida H, Ishii S, Futamata H, Okabe S. Generation of Small Colony Variants in Biofilms by Escherichia coli Harboring a Conjugative F Plasmid. Microbes Environ 2017; 32:40-46. [PMID: 28302951 PMCID: PMC5371073 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me16121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A conjugative F plasmid induces mature biofilm formation by Escherichia coli by promoting F-pili-mediated cell-cell interactions and increasing the expression of biofilm-related genes. We herein demonstrated another function for the F plasmid in E. coli biofilms; it contributes to the emergence of genetic and phenotypic variations by spontaneous mutations. Small colony variants (SCVs) were more frequently generated in a continuous flow-cell biofilm than in the planktonic state of E. coli harboring the F plasmid. E. coli SCVs represented typical phenotypic changes such as slower growth, less biofilm formation, and greater resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics than the parent strain. Genomic and complementation analyses indicated that the small colony phenotype was caused by the insertion of Tn1000, which was originally localized in the F plasmid, into the hemB gene. Furthermore, the Tn1000 insertion was removed from hemB in the revertant, which showed a normal colony phenotype. This study revealed that the F plasmid has the potential to increase genetic variations not only by horizontal gene transfer via F pili, but also by site-specific recombination within a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tashiro
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
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Gomes LC, Mergulhão FJ. Effects of antibiotic concentration and nutrient medium composition on Escherichia coli biofilm formation and green fluorescent protein expression. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3003324. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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The Influence of Prior Modes of Growth, Temperature, Medium, and Substrate Surface on Biofilm Formation by Antibiotic-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:859-866. [PMID: 27623781 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastrointestinal food-borne infection worldwide. It has been suggested that biofilm formation may play a role in survival of these bacteria in the environment. In this study, the influence of prior modes of growth (planktonic or sessile), temperatures (37 and 42 °C), and nutrient conditions (nutrient broth and Mueller-Hinton broth) on biofilm formation by eight C. jejuni strains with different antibiotic resistance profiles was examined. The ability of these strains to form biofilm on different abiotic surfaces (stainless steel, glass, and polystyrene) as well as factors potentially associated with biofilm formation (bacterial surface hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, and initial attachment) was also determined. The results showed that cells grown as sessile culture generally have a greater ability to form biofilm (P < 0.05) compared to their planktonic counterparts. Biofilm was also greater (P < 0.05) in lower nutrient media, while growth at different temperatures affects biofilm formation in a strain-dependent manner. The strains were able to attach and form biofilms on different abiotic surfaces, but none of them demonstrated strong, complex, or structured biofilm formation. There were no clear trends between the bacterial surface hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, attachment, and biofilm formation by the strains. This finding suggests that environmental factors did affect biofilm formation by C. jejuni, and they are more likely to persist in the environment in the form of mixed-species rather than monospecies biofilms.
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Effects of Total Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides on Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4020715. [PMID: 27413745 PMCID: PMC4930803 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4020715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) is an opportunistic pathogen with low pathogenicity and a cause of the repeated outbreak of bovine mastitis in veterinary clinical settings. In this report, a biofilm model of S. epidermidis was generated and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MIC (SMIC) on bacterial cultures were assessed for the following agents: total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides (TASA), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and erythromycin (ERY). The formation and characteristic parameters of biofilm were analyzed in terms of XTT assay, silver staining, and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Results showed that a sub-MIC of TASA could inhibit 50% biofilm of bacterial activity, while 250-fold MIC of CIP and ERY MICs only inhibited 50% and 47% of biofilm formation, respectively. All three agents could inhibit the biofilm formation at an early stage, but TASA showed a better inhibitory effect on the late stage of biofilm thickening. A morphological analysis using CLSM further confirmed the destruction of biofilm by these agents. These results thus suggest that TASA has an inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of clinic S. epidermidis, which may be a potential agent warranted for further study on the treatment prevention of infection related to S. epidermidis in veterinary clinic.
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Draft Genome Sequences of Three Multiantibiotic-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) Isolated from Poultry at Retail Outlets in Malaysia. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/3/e00331-16. [PMID: 27151799 PMCID: PMC4859181 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00331-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a frequent cause of human bacterial gastrointestinal foodborne disease worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in this species is of public health concern. The draft genome sequences of three multiantibiotic-resistant C. jejuni strains (2865, 2868, and 2871) isolated from poultry at retail outlets in Malaysia are presented here.
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Azevedo AS, Almeida C, Pereira B, Melo LF, Azevedo NF. Impact of Delftia tsuruhatensis and Achromobacter xylosoxidans on Escherichia coli dual-species biofilms treated with antibiotic agents. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:227-241. [PMID: 26901701 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1124096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently it was demonstrated that for urinary tract infections species with a lower or unproven pathogenic potential, such as Delftia tsuruhatensis and Achromobacter xylosoxidans, might interact with conventional pathogenic agents such as Escherichia coli. Here, single- and dual-species biofilms of these microorganisms were characterized in terms of microbial composition over time, the average fitness of E. coli, the spatial organization and the biofilm antimicrobial profile. The results revealed a positive impact of these species on the fitness of E. coli and a greater tolerance to the antibiotic agents. In dual-species biofilms exposed to antibiotics, E. coli was able to dominate the microbial consortia in spite of being the most sensitive strain. This is the first study demonstrating the protective effect of less common species over E. coli under adverse conditions imposed by the use of antibiotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Azevedo
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- b Nucleic Acid Center, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy , University of Southern Denmark , Odense M , Denmark
| | - Carina Almeida
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
- c Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering , Universidade do Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Bruno Pereira
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Luís F Melo
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- a Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, and Energy and Biotechnology Engineering (LEPABE), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
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40
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C. Gomes L, J. Mergulhão F. Effect of heterologous protein expression on <em>Escherichia coli</em> biofilm formation and biocide susceptibility. AIMS Microbiol 2016. [DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2016.4.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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41
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Srivastava S, Bhargava A. Biofilms and human health. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 38:1-22. [PMID: 26386834 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1960-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A biofilm can be defined as a surface-attached (sessile) community of microorganisms embedded and growing in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. These biofilm communities can be found in medical, industrial and natural environments, and can also be engineered in vitro for various biotechnological applications. Biofilms play a significant role in the transmission and persistence of human disease especially for diseases associated with inert surfaces, including medical devices for internal or external use. Biofilm infections on implants or in-dwelling devices are difficult to eradicate because of their much better protection against macrophages and antibiotics, compared to free living cells, leading to severe clinical complications often with lethal outcome. Recent developments in nanotechnology have provided novel approaches to preventing and dispersing biofilm related infections and potentially providing a novel method for fighting infections that is nondrug related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Srivastava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India
| | - Atul Bhargava
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (Lucknow Campus), Gomti Nagar Extension, Lucknow, 226010, India.
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Yoshida K, Tashiro Y, May T, Okabe S. Impacts of hydrophilic colanic acid on bacterial attachment to microfiltration membranes and subsequent membrane biofouling. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 76:33-42. [PMID: 25776918 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to examine the interactions between physicochemical properties of specific extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and membrane biofouling, we investigated the impacts of hydrophilic colanic acid, as a model extracellular polysaccharide component, on initial bacterial attachment to different microfiltration (MF) membranes and membrane biofouling by using Escherichia coli strains producing different amounts of colanic acid. In a newly designed microtiter plate assay, the bacterial attachment by an E. coli strain RcsF(+), which produces massive amounts of colanic acid, decreased only to a hydrophobic membrane because the colanic acid made cell surfaces more hydrophilic, resulting in low cell attachment to hydrophobic membranes. The bench-scale cross-flow filtration tests followed by filtration resistance measurement revealed that RcsF(+) caused severe irreversible membrane fouling (i.e., pore-clogging), whereas less extracellular polysaccharide-producing strains caused moderate but reversible fouling to all membranes used in this study. Further cross-flow filtration tests indicated that colanic acid liberated in the bulk phase could rapidly penetrate pre-accumulated biomass layers (i.e., biofilms) and then directly clogged membrane pores. These results indicate that colanic acid, a hydrophilic extracellular polysaccharide, and possible polysaccharides with similar characteristics with colanic acid are considered as a major cause of severe irreversible membrane fouling (i.e., pore-clogging) regardless of biofilm formation (dynamic membrane).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Yoshida
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tashiro
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1, Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Thithiwat May
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North-13, West-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan.
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Alhusein N, De Bank PA, Blagbrough IS, Bolhuis A. Killing bacteria within biofilms by sustained release of tetracycline from triple-layered electrospun micro/nanofibre matrices of polycaprolactone and poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate). Drug Deliv Transl Res 2015; 3:531-41. [PMID: 25786373 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-013-0164-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the controlled release of the antibiotic tetracycline (tet) HCl from a triple-layered electrospun matrix consisting of a central layer of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate (PEVA) sandwiched between outer layers of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL). These micro/nanofibre layers with tet successfully encapsulated (essentially quantitatively at 3 and 5 % w/w) in each layer, efficiently inhibited the growth of a panel of bacteria, including clinical isolates, as shown by a modified Kirby-Bauer disc assay. Furthermore, they demonstrated high biological activity in increasingly complex models of biofilm formation (models that are moving closer to the situation in a wound) by stopping biofilm formation, by killing preformed biofilms and killing mature, dense biofilm colonies of Staphylococcus aureus MRSA252. Tet is clinically useful with potential applications in wound healing and especially in complicated skin and skin-structure infections; electrospinning provides good encapsulation efficiency of tet within PCL/PEVA/PCL polymers in micro/nanofibre layers which display sustained antibiotic release in formulations that are anti-biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Alhusein
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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44
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Li XZ, Plésiat P, Nikaido H. The challenge of efflux-mediated antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:337-418. [PMID: 25788514 PMCID: PMC4402952 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00117-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 924] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a growing threat to antibiotic therapy. The chromosomally encoded drug efflux mechanisms that are ubiquitous in these bacteria greatly contribute to antibiotic resistance and present a major challenge for antibiotic development. Multidrug pumps, particularly those represented by the clinically relevant AcrAB-TolC and Mex pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) superfamily, not only mediate intrinsic and acquired multidrug resistance (MDR) but also are involved in other functions, including the bacterial stress response and pathogenicity. Additionally, efflux pumps interact synergistically with other resistance mechanisms (e.g., with the outer membrane permeability barrier) to increase resistance levels. Since the discovery of RND pumps in the early 1990s, remarkable scientific and technological advances have allowed for an in-depth understanding of the structural and biochemical basis, substrate profiles, molecular regulation, and inhibition of MDR pumps. However, the development of clinically useful efflux pump inhibitors and/or new antibiotics that can bypass pump effects continues to be a challenge. Plasmid-borne efflux pump genes (including those for RND pumps) have increasingly been identified. This article highlights the recent progress obtained for organisms of clinical significance, together with methodological considerations for the characterization of MDR pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhi Li
- Human Safety Division, Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Hiroshi Nikaido
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Jolivet-Gougeon A, Bonnaure-Mallet M. Biofilms as a mechanism of bacterial resistance. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2015; 11:49-56. [PMID: 24847653 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inside the biofilm, antimicrobial agents must overcome high cell density, an increased number of resistant mutants, substance delivery, molecular exchanges, such as high levels of beta-lactamases or inducers of efflux pump expression, and specific adaptive cells, so-called persisters. The environment within the biofilm modulates the response to antibiotics, especially when the SOS response or DNA repair systems are involved. Exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics can enhance biofilm formation and mutagenesis. Thus, a global response to cell stress seems to be responsible for antibiotic-induced biofilm formation.
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Abstract
The field of plasmid biology has historically focused on bacteria growing in liquid culture. Surface attached communities of bacterial biofilms have recently been understood to be the normal environment of bacteria in the natural world. Thus, studies examining plasmid replication, maintenance, and transfer in biofilms are essential for a true understanding of bacterial plasmid biology. This chapter reviews the current knowledge of the interplay between bacterial biofilms and plasmids, focusing on the role of plasmids in biofilm development and the role of biofilms in plasmid maintenance, copy number control, and transfer. The studies examined herein highlight the importance of biofilms as an important ecological niche in which bacterial plasmids play an essential role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary M. Dunny
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota, 1460 Mayo Bldg., MMC196, 420 Delaware St., SE, Minneapolis MN, 55455
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Gomes LC, Silva LN, Simões M, Melo LF, Mergulhão FJ. Escherichia coli adhesion, biofilm development and antibiotic susceptibility on biomedical materials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1414-23. [PMID: 25044887 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to test materials typically used in the construction of medical devices regarding their influence in the initial adhesion, biofilm development and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli biofilms. Adhesion and biofilm development was monitored in 12-well microtiter plates containing coupons of different biomedical materials--silicone (SIL), stainless steel (SS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)--and glass (GLA) as control. The susceptibility of biofilms to ciprofloxacin and ampicillin was assessed, and the antibiotic effect in cell morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The surface hydrophobicity of the bacterial strain and materials was also evaluated from contact angle measurements. Surface hydrophobicity was related with initial E. coli adhesion and subsequent biofilm development. Hydrophobic materials, such as SIL, SS, and PVC, showed higher bacterial colonization than the hydrophilic GLA. Silicone was the surface with the greatest number of adhered cells and the biofilms formed on this material were also less susceptible to both antibiotics. It was found that different antibiotics induced different levels of elongation on E. coli sessile cells. Results revealed that, by affecting the initial adhesion, the surface properties of a given material can modulate biofilm buildup and interfere with the outcome of antimicrobial therapy. These findings raise the possibility of fine-tuning surface properties as a strategy to reach higher therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gomes
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
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Tashiro Y, Inagaki A, Ono K, Inaba T, Yawata Y, Uchiyama H, Nomura N. Low concentrations of ethanol stimulate biofilm and pellicle formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:178-81. [PMID: 25036502 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.877828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of surface-attached microbial cells that resist environmental stresses. In this study, we found that low concentrations of ethanol increase biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 but not in a mutant of it lacking both Psl and Pel exopolysaccharides. Low concentrations of ethanol also increased pellicle formation at the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tashiro
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
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de Melo WCMA, Avci P, de Oliveira MN, Gupta A, Vecchio D, Sadasivam M, Chandran R, Huang YY, Yin R, Perussi LR, Tegos GP, Perussi JR, Dai T, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic inactivation of biofilm: taking a lightly colored approach to stubborn infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:669-93. [PMID: 23879608 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.811861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are responsible for a variety of microbial infections in different parts of the body, such as urinary tract infections, catheter infections, middle-ear infections, gingivitis, caries, periodontitis, orthopedic implants, and so on. The microbial biofilm cells have properties and gene expression patterns distinct from planktonic cells, including phenotypic variations in enzymic activity, cell wall composition and surface structure, which increase the resistance to antibiotics and other antimicrobial treatments. There is consequently an urgent need for new approaches to attack biofilm-associated microorganisms, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) may be a promising candidate. aPDT involves the combination of a nontoxic dye and low-intensity visible light which, in the presence of oxygen, produces cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. It has been demonstrated that many biofilms are susceptible to aPDT, particularly in dental disease. This review will focus on aspects of aPDT that are designed to increase efficiency against biofilms modalities to enhance penetration of photosensitizer into biofilm, and a combination of aPDT with biofilm-disrupting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa C M A de Melo
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Mardanova AM, Bogomol’naya LM, Romanova YD, Sharipova MR. Efflux systems in Serratia marcescens. Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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