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Girija ASS. Acinetobacter baumannii as an oro-dental pathogen: a red alert!! J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20230382. [PMID: 38747806 PMCID: PMC11090480 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review highlights the existence and association of Acinetobacter baumannii with the oro-dental diseases, transforming this systemic pathogen into an oral pathogen. The review also hypothesizes possible reasons for the categorization of this pathogen as code blue due to its stealthy entry into the oral cavity. METHODOLOGY Study data were retrieved from various search engines reporting specifically on the association of A. baumannii in dental diseases and tray set-ups. Articles were also examined regarding obtained outcomes on A. baumannii biofilm formation, iron acquisitions, magnitude of antimicrobial resistance, and its role in the oral cancers. RESULTS A. baumannii is associated with the oro-dental diseases and various virulence factors attribute for the establishment and progression of oro-mucosal infections. Its presence in the oral cavity is frequent in oral microbiomes, conditions of impaired host immunity, age related illnesses, and hospitalized individuals. Many sources also contribute for its prevalence in the dental health care environment and the presence of drug resistant traits is also observed. Its association with oral cancers and oral squamous cell carcinoma is also evident. CONCLUSIONS The review calls for awareness on the emergence of A. baumannii in dental clinics and for the need for educational programs to monitor and control the sudden outbreaks of such virulent and resistant traits in the dental health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Smiline Girija
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Department of Microbiology, Chennai-600077, Tamilnadu, India
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2
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Rajangam SL, Narasimhan MK. Current treatment strategies for targeting virulence factors and biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii. Future Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38683166 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
A higher prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii infections and mortality rate has been reported recently in hospital-acquired infections (HAI). The biofilm-forming capability of A. baumannii makes it an extremely dangerous pathogen, especially in device-associated hospital-acquired infections (DA-HAI), thereby it resists the penetration of antibiotics. Further, the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was exacerbated in DA-HAI during the epidemic. This review specifically examines the complex interconnections between several components and genes that play a role in the biofilm formation and the development of infections. The current review provides insights into innovative treatments and therapeutic approaches to combat A. baumannii biofilm-related infections, thereby ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the burden of HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetha Lakshmi Rajangam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Narasimhan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science & Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
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3
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Gager C, Flores-Mireles AL. Blunted blades: new CRISPR-derived technologies to dissect microbial multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation. mSphere 2024; 9:e0064223. [PMID: 38511958 PMCID: PMC11036814 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00642-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has rapidly outpaced the development of effective treatments. Diverse resistance mechanisms further limit the effectiveness of our best treatments, including multi-drug regimens and last line-of-defense antimicrobials. Biofilm formation is a powerful component of microbial pathogenesis, providing a scaffold for efficient colonization and shielding against anti-microbials, which further complicates drug resistance studies. Early genetic knockout tools didn't allow the study of essential genes, but clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat inference (CRISPRi) technologies have overcome this challenge via genetic silencing. These tools rapidly evolved to meet new demands and exploit native CRISPR systems. Modern tools range from the creation of massive CRISPRi libraries to tunable modulation of gene expression with CRISPR activation (CRISPRa). This review discusses the rapid expansion of CRISPRi/a-based technologies, their use in investigating MDR and biofilm formation, and how this drives further development of a potent tool to comprehensively examine multi-drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gager
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Ana L. Flores-Mireles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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4
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Korczak L, Majewski P, Iwaniuk D, Sacha P, Matulewicz M, Wieczorek P, Majewska P, Wieczorek A, Radziwon P, Tryniszewska E. Molecular mechanisms of tigecycline-resistance among Enterobacterales. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1289396. [PMID: 38655285 PMCID: PMC11035753 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1289396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance to multiple antibiotics has recently become a significant concern. Gram-negative bacteria, known for their ability to acquire mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, represent one of the most hazardous microorganisms. This phenomenon poses a serious threat to public health. Notably, the significance of tigecycline, a member of the antibiotic group glycylcyclines and derivative of tetracyclines has increased. Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antimicrobial drugs used to treat complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria or even pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. The primary mechanisms of tigecycline resistance include efflux pumps' overexpression, tet genes and outer membrane porins. Efflux pumps are crucial in conferring multi-drug resistance by expelling antibiotics (such as tigecycline by direct expelling) and decreasing their concentration to sub-toxic levels. This review discusses the problem of tigecycline resistance, and provides important information for understanding the existing molecular mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in Enterobacterales. The emergence and spread of pathogens resistant to last-resort therapeutic options stands as a major global healthcare concern, especially when microorganisms are already resistant to carbapenems and/or colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Korczak
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Majewski
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dominika Iwaniuk
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pawel Sacha
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Wieczorek
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Centre for Transfusion Medicine, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Tryniszewska
- Department of Microbiological Diagnostics and Infectious Immunology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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5
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Bhavya JN, Anugna SS, Premanath R. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of colistin and imipenem impact the expression of biofilm-associated genes in Acinetobacter baumannii. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:169. [PMID: 38489041 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03869-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for nosocomial infections. Imipenem and colistin are drugs that are commonly used to treat severe infections caused by A. baumannii, such as sepsis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bacteremia. However, some strains of A. baumannii have become resistant to these drugs, which is a concern for public health. Biofilms produced by A. baumannii increase their resistance to antibiotics and the cells within the inner layers of biofilm are exposed to sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics. There is limited information available regarding how the genes of A. baumannii are linked to biofilm formation when the bacteria are exposed to sub-MICs of imipenem and colistin. Thus, this study's objective was to explore this relationship by examining the genes involved in biofilm formation in A. baumannii when exposed to low levels of imipenem and colistin. The study found that exposing an isolate of A. baumannii to low levels of these drugs caused changes in their drug susceptibility pattern. The relative gene expression profiles of the biofilm-associated genes exhibited a change in their expression profile during short-term and long-term exposure. This study highlights the potential consequences of overuse and misuse of antibiotics, which can help bacteria become resistant to these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Bhavya
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sureddi Sai Anugna
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Ramya Premanath
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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6
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Karampatakis T, Tsergouli K, Behzadi P. Pan-Genome Plasticity and Virulence Factors: A Natural Treasure Trove for Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:257. [PMID: 38534692 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative pathogen responsible for a variety of community- and hospital-acquired infections. It is recognized as a life-threatening pathogen among hospitalized individuals and, in particular, immunocompromised patients in many countries. A. baumannii, as a member of the ESKAPE group, encompasses high genomic plasticity and simultaneously is predisposed to receive and exchange the mobile genetic elements (MGEs) through horizontal genetic transfer (HGT). Indeed, A. baumannii is a treasure trove that contains a high number of virulence factors. In accordance with these unique pathogenic characteristics of A. baumannii, the authors aim to discuss the natural treasure trove of pan-genome and virulence factors pertaining to this bacterial monster and try to highlight the reasons why this bacterium is a great concern in the global public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Tsergouli
- Microbiology Department, Agios Pavlos General Hospital, 55134 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran
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7
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Yousefi Nojookambari N, Eslami G, Sadredinamin M, Vaezjalali M, Nikmanesh B, Dehbanipour R, Yazdansetad S, Ghalavand Z. Sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of colistin on Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation potency, adherence, and invasion to epithelial host cells: an experimental study in an Iranian children's referral hospital. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0252323. [PMID: 38230925 PMCID: PMC10846280 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02523-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we described the efficacy of colistin sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on biofilm-forming activity, host epithelial cell adherence, and invasion capacity of Acinetobacter baumannii strains collected from children admitted to the Children's Medical Center Hospital. Biofilm formation potency of A. baumannii clinical isolates was measured using a 96-well microtiter plate assay. Distribution of biofilm-related genes, including bap, abaI, ompA, csuE, and blaPER-1, was detected by PCR. The mRNA expression level of ompA and csuE was measured by qPCR in the presence of ¼ and ½ MICs of colistin. A. baumannii adhesion and invasion to eukaryotic host cells were phenotypically assayed at sub-MICs of colistin. Eighty percent (56/70) and 35.7% (25/70) of A. baumannii isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes, respectively. The strong, moderate, and weak biofilm producers of A. baumannii were 37.1% (26/70), 32.8%, (23/70), and 22.8% (16/70), respectively. The frequencies of biofilm-associated genes were 100% for abaI, ompA, and csuE, followed by 22.8% (16/70) and 24.3% (17/70) for bap and blaPER-1, respectively. The downregulation of csuE and ompA expression levels was observed in the sub-MIC of colistin. In vitro cell culture study showed a decreased capability of A. baumannii to adhere to the human epithelial cells at sub-inhibitory doses of colistin; however, none of the isolates could invade HEp-2 cells. Our study showed that the genes encoding biofilm-associated proteins undergo downregulation in expression levels after exposure to sub-MICs of colistin in A. baumannii. Longitudinal in vivo studies are needed to fully understand the clinical aspects of pathogenicity mechanisms and evolutionary dynamics of drug resistance.IMPORTANCESince the toxicity of colistin is dose dependent, there is a focus on strategies that reduce the dose while maintaining the therapeutic effect of the drug. Our findings about sub-inhibitory doses of colistin provide a novel insight into the logical use of colistin to treat and control Acinetobacter baumannii-related infections in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Yousefi Nojookambari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gita Eslami
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Sadredinamin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Vaezjalali
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Dehbanipour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Sajjad Yazdansetad
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Ghalavand
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Akay S, Yüksel G, Özad Düzgün A. Investigation of Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles from Aqueous Extract of Rumex sp. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1089-1103. [PMID: 37329410 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The decrease in the effectiveness of conventional drugs as a result of the growth of resistance to antibiotics has increased the need for innovative tools to control the infections. At this point, metallic nanoparticles, in particular silver nanoparticles, have appeared as a promising method. In the current study, the extract of Rumex sp. (Labada, dock) leaves was used as a reducing agent for the formation of silver nanoparticles. Unlike similar studies, in this study the synthesis conditions were optimized by changing the extract ratio and silver nitrate concentration. Morphological investigations of synthesized silver nanoparticles showed that spherical homogeneous particles at size under 100 nm had been produced. SEM/EDS and FTIR analyses showed that plant components are involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles. It was also determined that higher extract ratio reduced nanoparticle size. The antimicrobial effects of the synthesized nanoparticles against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were tested, and it was determined that all nanoparticles exhibited activity against both groups. Rumex sp. silver nanoparticles (NPs) were revealed to exhibit antibiofilm activity against three different isolates with moderate and strong biofilm-forming ability. The NPs reduced the biofilm-forming capacity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonaie by 2.66-fold and 3.25-fold, whereas they decreased the Escherichia coli biofilm-forming capacity by 1.25-fold. The investigation of microbial biofilm could play an important role in developing new strategies for treatment options. Our results suggest that Rumex sp. silver NPs may have a high potential for use in the treatment of pathogenic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Akay
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yüksel
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Education, Gumushane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Azer Özad Düzgün
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, 29100, Gümüşhane, Turkey.
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9
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Ching C, Brychcy M, Nguyen B, Muller P, Pearson AR, Downs M, Regan S, Isley B, Fowle W, Chai Y, Godoy VG. RecA levels modulate biofilm development in Acinetobacter baumannii. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:196-212. [PMID: 37918886 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, are difficult to eradicate due to the bacterium's propensity to quickly gain antibiotic resistances and form biofilms, a protective bacterial multicellular community. The A. baumannii DNA damage response (DDR) mediates the antibiotic resistance acquisition and regulates RecA in an atypical fashion; both RecALow and RecAHigh cell types are formed in response to DNA damage. The findings of this study demonstrate that the levels of RecA can influence formation and dispersal of biofilms. RecA loss results in surface attachment and prominent biofilms, while elevated RecA leads to diminished attachment and dispersal. These findings suggest that the challenge to treat A. baumannii infections may be explained by the induction of the DDR, common during infection, as well as the delicate balance between maintaining biofilms in low RecA cells and promoting mutagenesis and dispersal in high RecA cells. This study underscores the importance of understanding the fundamental biology of bacteria to develop more effective treatments for infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Ching
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Merlin Brychcy
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian Nguyen
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Muller
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Margaret Downs
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samuel Regan
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Breanna Isley
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Fowle
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yunrong Chai
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica G Godoy
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Kok CR, Mulakken N, Thissen JB, Grey SF, Avila-Herrera A, Upadhyay MM, Lisboa FA, Mabery S, Elster EA, Schobel SA, Be NA. Targeted metagenomic assessment reflects critical colonization in battlefield injuries. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0252023. [PMID: 37874143 PMCID: PMC10714869 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02520-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Microbial contamination in combat wounds can lead to opportunistic infections and adverse outcomes. However, current microbiological detection has a limited ability to capture microbial functional genes. This work describes the application of targeted metagenomic sequencing to profile wound bioburden and capture relevant wound-associated signatures for clinical utility. Ultimately, the ability to detect such signatures will help guide clinical decisions regarding wound care and management and aid in the prediction of wound outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Car Reen Kok
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Nisha Mulakken
- Computing Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - James B. Thissen
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Scott F. Grey
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aram Avila-Herrera
- Computing Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Meenu M. Upadhyay
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Felipe A. Lisboa
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shalini Mabery
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | - Eric A. Elster
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seth A. Schobel
- Surgical Critical Care Initiative (SC2i), Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Be
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
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11
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Mendes SG, Combo SI, Allain T, Domingues S, Buret AG, Da Silva GJ. Co-regulation of biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: from mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:1405-1423. [PMID: 37897520 PMCID: PMC10651561 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged globally as a major threat to the healthcare system. It is now listed by the World Health Organization as a priority one for the need of new therapeutic agents. A. baumannii has the capacity to develop robust biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm development allows these bacteria to resist various environmental stressors, including antibiotics and lack of nutrients or water, which in turn allows the persistence of A. baumannii in the hospital environment and further outbreaks. Investigation into therapeutic alternatives that will act on both biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is sorely needed. The aim of the present review is to critically discuss the various mechanisms by which AMR and biofilm formation may be co-regulated in A. baumannii in an attempt to shed light on paths towards novel therapeutic opportunities. After discussing the clinical importance of A. baumannii, this critical review highlights biofilm-formation genes that may be associated with the co-regulation of AMR. Particularly worthy of consideration are genes regulating the quorum sensing system AbaI/AbaR, AbOmpA (OmpA protein), Bap (biofilm-associated protein), the two-component regulatory system BfmRS, the PER-1 β-lactamase, EpsA, and PTK. Finally, this review discusses ongoing experimental therapeutic strategies to fight A. baumannii infections, namely vaccine development, quorum sensing interference, nanoparticles, metal ions, natural products, antimicrobial peptides, and phage therapy. A better understanding of the mechanisms that co-regulate biofilm formation and AMR will help identify new therapeutic targets, as combined approaches may confer synergistic benefits for effective and safer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio G Mendes
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia I Combo
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thibault Allain
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sara Domingues
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andre G Buret
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Gabriela J Da Silva
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W, Calgary, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Zhang S, Wang J, Ahn J. Advances in the Discovery of Efflux Pump Inhibitors as Novel Potentiators to Control Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1417. [PMID: 37760714 PMCID: PMC10525980 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in clinical settings and food-producing animals, posing significant challenges to clinical management and food control. Over the past few decades, the discovery of antimicrobials has slowed down, leading to a lack of treatment options for clinical infectious diseases and foodborne illnesses. Given the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance and the limited availability of effective antibiotics, the discovery of novel antibiotic potentiators may prove useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. The application of antibiotics combined with antibiotic potentiators has demonstrated successful outcomes in bench-scale experiments and clinical settings. For instance, the use of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) in combination with antibiotics showed effective inhibition of MDR pathogens. Thus, this review aims to enable the possibility of using novel EPIs as potential adjuvants to effectively control MDR pathogens. Specifically, it provides a comprehensive summary of the advances in novel EPI discovery and the underlying mechanisms that restore antimicrobial activity. In addition, we also characterize plant-derived EPIs as novel potentiators. This review provides insights into current challenges and potential strategies for future advancements in fighting antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ding Y, Hao J, Xiao W, Ye C, Xiao X, Jian C, Tang M, Li G, Liu J, Zeng Z. Role of efflux pumps, their inhibitors, and regulators in colistin resistance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1207441. [PMID: 37601369 PMCID: PMC10436536 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1207441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Colistin is highly promising against multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria clinically. Bacteria are resistant to colistin mainly through mcr and chromosome-mediated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) synthesis-related locus variation. However, the current understanding cannot fully explain the resistance mechanism in mcr-negative colistin-resistant strains. Significantly, the contribution of efflux pumps to colistin resistance remains to be clarified. This review aims to discuss the contribution of efflux pumps and their related transcriptional regulators to colistin resistance in various bacteria and the reversal effect of efflux pump inhibitors on colistin resistance. Previous studies suggested a complex regulatory relationship between the efflux pumps and their transcriptional regulators and LPS synthesis, transport, and modification. Carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), and Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) all achieved the reversal of colistin resistance, highlighting the role of efflux pumps in colistin resistance and their potential for adjuvant development. The contribution of the efflux pumps to colistin resistance might also be related to specific genetic backgrounds. They can participate in colistin tolerance and heterogeneous resistance to affect the treatment efficacy of colistin. These findings help understand the development of resistance in mcr-negative colistin-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinbo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangrui Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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14
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Cui B, Guo Q, Li X, Song S, Wang M, Wang G, Yan A, Zhou J, Deng Y. A response regulator controls Acinetobacter baumannii virulence by acting as an indole receptor. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad274. [PMID: 37649583 PMCID: PMC10465187 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Indole is an important signal employed by many bacteria to modulate intraspecies signaling and interspecies or interkingdom communication. Our recent study revealed that indole plays a key role in regulating the physiology and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii. However, it is not clear how A. baumannii perceives and responds to the indole signal in modulating biological functions. Here, we report that indole controls the physiology and virulence of A. baumannii through a previously uncharacterized response regulator designated as AbiR (A1S_1394), which contains a cheY-homologous receiver (REC) domain and a helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA-binding domain. AbiR controls the same biological functions as the indole signal, and indole-deficient mutant phenotypes were rescued by in trans expression of AbiR. Intriguingly, unlike other response regulators that commonly interact with signal ligands through the REC domain, AbiR binds to indole with a high affinity via an unusual binding region, which is located between its REC and HTH domains. This interaction substantially enhances the activity of AbiR in promoter binding and in modulation of target gene expression. Taken together, our results present a widely conserved regulator that controls bacterial physiology and virulence by sensing the indole signal in a unique mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Quan Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shihao Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Mingfang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Gerun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Aixin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, University Road, Pok Fu Lam Estate, Central and Western District, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road, Wushan Street, Tianhe District Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yinyue Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Renmin Avenue, Meilan District, Haikou 570228, China
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15
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Cavallo I, Oliva A, Pages R, Sivori F, Truglio M, Fabrizio G, Pasqua M, Pimpinelli F, Di Domenico EG. Acinetobacter baumannii in the critically ill: complex infections get complicated. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1196774. [PMID: 37425994 PMCID: PMC10325864 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1196774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly associated with various epidemics, representing a serious concern due to the broad level of antimicrobial resistance and clinical manifestations. During the last decades, A. baumannii has emerged as a major pathogen in vulnerable and critically ill patients. Bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissue infections are the most common presentations of A. baumannii, with attributable mortality rates approaching 35%. Carbapenems have been considered the first choice to treat A. baumannii infections. However, due to the widespread prevalence of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB), colistin represents the main therapeutic option, while the role of the new siderophore cephalosporin cefiderocol still needs to be ascertained. Furthermore, high clinical failure rates have been reported for colistin monotherapy when used to treat CRAB infections. Thus, the most effective antibiotic combination remains disputed. In addition to its ability to develop antibiotic resistance, A. baumannii is also known to form biofilm on medical devices, including central venous catheters or endotracheal tubes. Thus, the worrisome spread of biofilm-producing strains in multidrug-resistant populations of A. baumannii poses a significant treatment challenge. This review provides an updated account of antimicrobial resistance patterns and biofilm-mediated tolerance in A. baumannii infections with a special focus on fragile and critically ill patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cavallo
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Oliva
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca Pages
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Sivori
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Truglio
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Fabrizio
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Pasqua
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvia Pimpinelli
- Microbiology and Virology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enea Gino Di Domenico
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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16
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Hajiagha MN, Kafil HS. Efflux pumps and microbial biofilm formation. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105459. [PMID: 37271271 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections are resistant forms of pathogens that are regarded as a medical problem, particularly due to the spread of multiple drug resistance. One of the factors associated with biofilm drug resistance is the presence of various types of efflux pumps in bacteria. Efflux pumps also play a role in biofilm formation by influencing Physical-chemical interactions, mobility, gene regulation, quorum sensing (QS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and toxic compound extrusion. According to the findings of studies based on efflux pump expression analysis, their role in the anatomical position within the biofilm will differ depending on the biofilm formation stage, encoding gene expression level, the type and concentration of substrate. In some cases, the function of the efflux pumps can overlap with each other, so it seems necessary to accurate identify the efflux pumps of biofilm-forming bacteria along with their function in this process. Such studies will help to choose treatment strategy, at least in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, if the goal of treatment is an efflux pump manipulation, we should not limit it to inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyeh Neghabi Hajiagha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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17
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Shadan A, Pathak A, Ma Y, Pathania R, Singh RP. Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1053968. [PMID: 36968113 PMCID: PMC10038080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1053968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the virulence factors, regulation, and immune response to Acinetobacter baumannii infectionAcinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen and a major cause of hospital acquired infetions. Carbapenem resistant A. baumannii has been categorised as a Priority1 critial pathogen by the World Health Organisation. A. baumannii is responsible for infections in hospital settings, clinical sectors, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bloodstream infections with a mortality rates up to 35%. With the development of advanced genome sequencing, molecular mechanisms of manipulating bacterial genomes, and animal infection studies, it has become more convenient to identify the factors that play a major role in A. baumannii infection and its persistence. In the present review, we have explored the mechanism of infection, virulence factors, and various other factors associated with the pathogenesis of this organism. Additionally, the role of the innate and adaptive immune response, and the current progress in the development of innovative strategies to combat this multidrug-resistant pathogen is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afreen Shadan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Avik Pathak
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Ranjana Pathania
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
| | - Rajnish Prakash Singh
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
- *Correspondence: Ying Ma, ; Ranjana Pathania, ; Rajnish Prakash Singh,
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18
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Abd El-Rahman OA, Rasslan F, Hassan SS, Ashour HM, Wasfi R. The RND Efflux Pump Gene Expression in the Biofilm Formation of Acinetobacter baumannii. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020419. [PMID: 36830328 PMCID: PMC9952185 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is a critical opportunistic pathogen in healthcare-associated infections (HAI). This is attributed to several factors, including its ability to develop biofilms that can enhance antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in addition to creating an environment for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. The role of the efflux pump in biofilm formation is important for studies on alternative treatments for biofilms. One of the significant efflux pump families is the RND efflux pump family, which is common in Gram negative bacteria. The aim is to study the role of the RND efflux pump in biofilm formation by A. baumannii. The biofilm formation potential of thirty-four MDR A. baumannii isolates was evaluated by crystal violet assays. The effect of efflux pump inhibition and activation was studied using the efflux pump inhibitor carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) and the RND efflux pump substrate levofloxacin (at sub-MIC), respectively. The isolates were genotypically grouped by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) typing and the expression of adeABC, adeFGH, and adeIJK efflux pump genes was measured by qPCR. Overall, 88.2% (30/34) of isolates were biofilm producers (the phenotype was variable including strong and weak producers). Efflux pump inhibition by CCCP reduced the biofilm formation significantly (p < 0.05) in 17.6% (6/34) of some isolates, whereas sub-MICs of the substrate levofloxacin increased biofilm formation in 20.5% (7/34) of other isolates. Overexpression of the three RND efflux pump genes was detected in five out of eleven selected isolates for qPCR with remarkable overexpression in the adeJ gene. No correlation was detected between the biofilm phenotype pattern and the RND efflux pump gene expression in biofilm cells relative to planktonic cells. In conclusion, the role of the RND efflux pumps AdeABC, AdeFGH, and AdeIJK in biofilm formation does not appear to be pivotal and the expression differs according to the genetic background of each strain. Thus, these pumps may not be a promising target for biofilm inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola A. Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Fatma Rasslan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11751, Egypt
| | - Safaa S. Hassan
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza 12451, Egypt
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19
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Tang M, Ding G, Lu X, Huang Q, Du H, Xiao G, Wang D. Exposure to Nanoplastic Particles Enhances Acinetobacter Survival, Biofilm Formation, and Serum Resistance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234222. [PMID: 36500844 PMCID: PMC9735686 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between nanoplastics and bacteria remains still largely unclear. In this study, we determined the effect of nanopolystyrene particle (NP) on a bacterial pathogen of Acinetobacter johnsonii AC15. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated the aggregation of NPs from 10 μg/L to 100 μg/L on surface of A. johnsonii AC15, suggesting that A. johnsonii AC15 acted as the vector for NPs. Exposure to 100−1000 μg/L NPs increased the growth and colony-forming unit (CFU) of A. johnsonii AC15. In addition, exposure to 100−1000 μg/L NPs enhanced the amount of formed biofilm of A. johnsonii AC15. Alterations in expressions of 3 survival-related (zigA, basD, and zur), 5 biofilm formation-related (ompA, bap, adeG, csuC, and csuD), and 3 serum resistance-related virulence genes (lpxC, lpxL, and pbpG) were observed after exposure to 1000 μg/L NPs. Moreover, both CFU and survival rate of A. johnsonii AC15 in normal human serum (NHS) were significantly increased by 1−1000 μg/L NPs, suggesting the enhancement in serum resistance of Acinetobacter pathogen by NPs. In the NHS, expressions of 3 survival-related (zigA, basD, and zur), 9 biofilm formation-related (ompA, bap, adeF, adeG, csuA/B, csuC, csuD, csuE, and hlyD), and 3 serum resistance-related virulence genes (lpxC, lpxL, and pbpG) were affected by 1000 μg/L NPs. Expressions of 1 survival-related (zigA), 5 biofilm formation-related (bap, adeG, csuC, csuD, and csuE), and 3 serum resistance-related virulence genes (lpxC, lpxL, and pbpG) were also altered by 10 μg/L NPs after the addition of NHS. Therefore, exposure to NPs in the range of μg/L has the potential to enhance bacterial virulence by increasing their growth, biofilm formation, and serum resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Tang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Guoying Ding
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Qian Huang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou 404100, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (D.W.)
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (D.W.)
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20
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Noreen A, Masood H, Zaib J, Rafaque Z, Fatima A, Shabbir H, Alam J, Habib A, Noor S, Dil K, Dasti JI. Investigating the Role of Antibiotics on Induction, Inhibition and Eradication of Biofilms of Poultry Associated Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken Meat. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11111663. [PMID: 36421307 PMCID: PMC9686770 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Widespread use of antibiotics as growth promoters and prophylactic agents has dramatic consequences for the development of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we investigated effects of selected antibiotics on bacterial biofilms and performed extensive antibiotic and VF profiling of poultry-meat associated E. coli strains. Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility was performed by a disc diffusion method, followed by molecular screening of resistance and virulence determinants. Further biofilm formation assays, MIC-p, MIC-b, MBIC and MBEC, were performed using standard tissue culture plate method. Results: In total, 83 (75%) samples were confirmed as E. coli from poultry sources, 26 different antibiotics were tested, and maximum numbers of the isolates were resistant to lincomycin (100%), while the least resistance was seen against cefotaxime (1%) and polymyxin B (1%). Overall, 48% of the isolates were ESBL producers and 40% showed carbapenemase activity; important virulence genes were detected in following percentages: fimH32 (39%), papC21 (25%), iutA34 (41%), kpsMT-II23 (28%), papEF9 (11%), papGII22 (27%) and fyuA13 (16%). Colistin showed remarkable anti-biofilm activity, while at sub-MIC levels, gentamicin, ceftriaxone and enrofloxin significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited the biofilms. A strong induction of bacterial biofilm, after exposure to sub-minimal levels of colistin clearly indicates risk of bacterial overgrowth in a farm environment, while use of colistin aggravates the risk of emergence of colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae, a highly undesirable public health scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Noreen
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Masood
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jaweria Zaib
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zara Rafaque
- Department of Microbiology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Areeta Fatima
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hira Shabbir
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Alam
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Habib
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saba Noor
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Kinza Dil
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Javid Iqbal Dasti
- Lab of Microbial Genomics and Epidemiology, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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21
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Effects of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Imipenem and Colistin on Expression of Biofilm-Specific Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii Sequence Type 1894. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012705. [PMID: 36293559 PMCID: PMC9603859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics at suboptimal doses promote biofilm formation and the development of antibiotic resistance. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, were not investigated. Here, we report the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of imipenem and colistin on genes associated with biofilm formation and biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance in a multidrug-tolerant clinical strain of Acinetobacter baumannii Sequence Type (ST) 1894. Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed in untreated biofilm and biofilm treated with sub-MIC doses of imipenem and colistin. RNA sequencing data showed that 78 and 285 genes were differentially expressed in imipenem and colistin-treated biofilm cells, respectively. Among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 48 and 197 genes were upregulated exclusively in imipenem and colistin-treated biofilm cells, respectively. The upregulated genes included those encoding matrix synthesis (pgaB), multidrug efflux pump (novel00738), fimbrial proteins, and homoserine lactone synthase (AbaI). Upregulation of biofilm-associated genes might enhance biofilm formation when treated with sub-MICs of antibiotics. The downregulated genes include those encoding DNA gyrase (novel00171), 30S ribosomal protein S20 (novel00584), and ribosome releasing factor (RRF) were downregulated when the biofilm cells were treated with imipenem and colistin. Downregulation of these genes affects protein synthesis, which in turn slows down cell metabolism and makes biofilm cells more tolerant to antibiotics. In this investigation, we also found that 5 of 138 small RNAs (sRNAs) were differentially expressed in biofilm regardless of antibiotic treatment or not. Of these, sRNA00203 showed the highest expression levels in biofilm. sRNAs regulate gene expression and are associated with biofilm formation, which may in turn affect the expression of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance. In summary, when biofilm cells were exposed to sub-MIC doses of colistin and imipenem, coordinated gene responses result in increased biofilm production, multidrug efflux pump expression, and the slowdown of metabolism, which leads to drug tolerance in biofilm. Targeting antibiotic-induced or repressed biofilm-specific genes represents a new strategy for the development of innovative and effective treatments for biofilm-associated infections caused by A. baumannii.
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22
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Zgurskaya HI, Adamiak JW, Leus IV. Making sense of drug-efflux transporters in the physiological environment. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 69:102179. [PMID: 35882103 PMCID: PMC9942525 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial drug-efflux transporters act synergistically with diffusion barriers of cellular membranes and other resistance mechanisms to protect cells from antibiotics and toxic metabolites. Their critical roles in clinical antibiotic and multidrug resistance are well established. In addition, a large body of evidence has been accumulated in support of their important contributions to bacterial growth and proliferation during infections. However, how these diverse functions of drug transporters are integrated at the level of bacterial cell physiology remains unclear. This opinion briefly summarizes the current understanding of substrate specificities and physiological roles of drug-efflux pumps from Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) superfamily of proteins in two ESKAPE pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Based on the analysis of phenotypic and transcriptomic studies in vitro and in vivo, we propose that RND pumps of Gram-negative bacteria fall into three categories: constitutively expressed, regulated, and silent. These three categories of efflux pumps participate in different physiological programs, which are not involved in the central metabolism and bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen I Zgurskaya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA.
| | - Justyna W Adamiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Inga V Leus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
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23
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The Putative Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) Protein Named Rv1877 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Behaves as a Multidrug Efflux Pump. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:324. [PMID: 36125560 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Efflux pumps are one of the major contributors in the intrinsic multidrug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These active transporters, localized in the cytoplasmic membrane, often carry an array of unrelated substances, from toxic substances to metabolites and maintain cellular homeostasis. Rv1877, a putative Major Facilitator Superfamily efflux pump from M. tuberculosis, was investigated in this study. Expression of Rv1877 in Escherichia coli resulted in elevated resistance towards antibiotics of various families. A reversal of this resistance was observed in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentration of the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone, indicating its dependence on proton motive force (pmf). Lower intracellular accumulation of the fluoroquinolones ofloxacin and levofloxacin in E. coli cells harbouring Rv1877 implied an active efflux of the drugs. Interestingly, real time, energy-dependent efflux was demonstrated by cells expressing Rv1877 with a lipophilic dye Nile Red. In addition, expression of Rv1877 in trans increased the biofilm formation by the host E. coli cells. Moreover, in silico docking analysis of the molecular interactions between Rv1877 and antibiotics corroborated the experimental observations. Based on the in vivo analyses of Rv1877 in E. coli, it could be designated as a pmf-dependent multidrug transporter with the ability of extruding structurally unrelated antibiotics, preferably some of the fluoroquinolones, and a facilitator of biofilm formation.
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Romero M, Mayer C, Heeb S, Wattanavaekin K, Cámara M, Otero A, Williams P. Mushroom-shaped structures formed in Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms grown in a roller bioreactor are associated with quorum sensing-dependent Csu-pilus assembly. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4329-4339. [PMID: 35352448 PMCID: PMC9790458 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is currently a need to develop simple biofilm models that facilitate investigation of the architecture/biology of mature bacterial biofilms in a consistent/standardized manner given their environmental and clinical importance and the need for new anti-biofilm interventions. This study introduces a novel biofilm culture system termed the rolling biofilm bioreactor (RBB). This easily operated system allows adherent microbial cells to be repeatedly exposed to air/solid/liquid interfaces optimizing biofilm growth. The RBB was exploited to investigate biofilm formation in Acinetobacter baumannii. High levels of A. baumannii biofilm biomass reproducibly accumulate in the RBB and, importantly, undergo a maturation step to form large mushroom-shaped structures that had not been observed in other models. Based on image analysis of biofilm development and genetic manipulation, we show how N-acylhomoserine lactone-dependent quorum sensing (QS) impacts on biofilm differentiation, composition and antibiotic tolerance. Our results indicate that extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a key matrix component in mature Acinetobacter biofilms as the mushroom-like structures consist of dense cellular masses encased in an eDNA mesh. Moreover, this study reveals the contribution of QS to A. baumannii biofilm differentiation through Csu pilus assembly regulation. Understanding the mechanisms of structural development of mature biofilms helps to identify new biofilm eradication and removal strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Romero
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Celia Mayer
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS)Santiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Stephan Heeb
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | | | - Miguel Cámara
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Ana Otero
- Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía, Edificio CIBUSUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Paul Williams
- National Biofilms Innovation Centre, Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
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Sharaf M, Sewid AH, Hamouda HI, Elharrif MG, El-Demerdash AS, Alharthi A, Hashim N, Hamad AA, Selim S, Alkhalifah DHM, Hozzein WN, Abdalla M, Saber T. Rhamnolipid-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Novel Multitarget Candidate against Major Foodborne E. coli Serotypes and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0025022. [PMID: 35852338 PMCID: PMC9430161 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00250-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface-growing antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are emerging as a global health challenge due to dilemmas in clinical treatment. Furthermore, their pathogenesis, including increasingly serious antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation, makes them challenging to treat by conventional therapy. Therefore, the development of novel antivirulence strategies will undoubtedly provide a path forward in combatting these resistant bacterial infections. In this regard, we developed novel biosurfactant-coated nanoparticles to combine the antiadhesive/antibiofilm properties of rhamnolipid (RHL)-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with each of the p-coumaric acid (p-CoA) and gallic acid (GA) antimicrobial drugs by using the most available polymer common coatings (PVA) to expand the range of effective antibacterial drugs, as well as a mechanism for their synergistic effect via a simple method of preparation. Mechanistically, the average size of bare Fe3O4 NPs was ~15 nm, while RHL-coated Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA was about ~254 nm, with a drop in zeta potential from -18.7 mV to -34.3 mV, which helped increase stability. Our data show that RHL-Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA biosurfactant NPs can remarkably interfere with bacterial growth and significantly inhibited biofilm formation to more than 50% via downregulating IcaABCD and CsgBAC operons, which are responsible for slime layer formation and curli fimbriae production in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The novelty regarding the activity of RHL-Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA biosurfactant NPs reveals their potential effect as an alternative multitarget antivirulence candidate to minimize infection severity by inhibiting biofilm development. Therefore, they could be used in antibacterial coatings and wound dressings in the future. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance poses a great threat and challenge to humanity. Therefore, the search for alternative ways to target and eliminate microbes from plant, animal, and marine microorganisms is one of the world's concerns today. Furthermore, the extraordinary capacity of S. aureus and E. coli to resist standard antibacterial drugs is the dilemma of all currently used remedies. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) have become widespread, leading to no remedies being able to treat these threatening pathogens. The most widely recognized serotypes that cause severe foodborne illness are E. coli O157:H7, O26:H11, and O78:H10, and they display increasing antimicrobial resistance rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an effective therapy that has dual action to inhibit biofilm formation and decrease bacterial growth. In this study, the synthesized RHL-Fe3O4@PVA@p-CoA/GA biosurfactant NPs have interesting properties, making them excellent candidates for targeted drug delivery by inhibiting bacterial growth and downregulating biofilm-associated IcaABCD and CsgBAC gene loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sharaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Alaa H. Sewid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - H. I. Hamouda
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Processes Design and Development Department, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G. Elharrif
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Afaf Alharthi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Hashim
- General Practitioner, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Anas Abdullah Hamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Al Maarif University College, Al Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Hussien M. Alkhalifah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N. Hozzein
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Shendi University, Shendi, Nher Anile, Sudan
| | - Taisir Saber
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Wang B, Zhang FW, Wang WX, Zhao YY, Sun SY, Yu JH, Vitek MP, Li GF, Ma R, Wang S, Hu Z, Chen W. Apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide COG1410 combats pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:934765. [PMID: 36081797 PMCID: PMC9445589 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.934765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of pandrug-resistant bacteria breaks through the last line of defense and raises fear among people of incurable infections. In the post-antibiotic era, the pharmaceutical field turns to seek non-conventional anti-infective agents. Antimicrobial peptides are considered a prospective solution to the crisis of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial efficiency of an ApoE mimetic peptide, COG1410, which has been confirmed to exhibit strong neural protective activity and immunomodulatory function. COG1410 showed potent antimicrobial activity against pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, even eliminating large inocula (108 CFU/ml) within 30 min. LC99.9 in PBS and 50% pooled human plasma was 2 μg/ml (1.4 μM) and 8 μg/ml (5.6 μM), respectively. Moreover, COG1410 exhibited biofilm inhibition and eradication activity, excellent stability in human plasma, and a low propensity to induce resistance. Although COG1410 easily entered bacterial cytoplasm and bound to DNA nonspecifically, the major mechanism of COG1410 killing was to disrupt the integrity of cell membrane and lead to leakage of cytoplasmic contents, without causing obvious pores on the cell surface or cell lysis. Additionally, transcriptome analysis showed that treatment with COG1410-enriched genes involved a series of oxidation–reduction processes. DCFH-DA probe detected an increased ROS level in the presence of COG1410, indicating ROS was another hit of this AMP. Furthermore, the action of COG1410 did not depend on the electronic interaction with the LPS layer, in contrast to polymyxin B. The strong synergistic interaction between COG1410 and polymyxin B dramatically reduced the working concentration of COG1410, expanding the safety window of the application. C. elegans infection model showed that combined therapy of COG1410 and polymyxin B was capable of significantly rescuing the infected nematodes. Taken together, our study demonstrates that COG1410 is a promising drug candidate in the battle against pandrug-resistant A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Feng-Wan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Xiao Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhao
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Su-Yue Sun
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Hong Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Rui Ma
- Shanghai Nanoport, Thermofisher Scientific, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiliang Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiliang Hu
| | - Wei Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Wei Chen
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Metagenomic Insights into Pathogenic Characterization of ST410 Acinetobacter nosocomialis Prevalent in China. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080838. [PMID: 36014959 PMCID: PMC9414201 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter nosocomialis is a prevalent opportunistic pathogen that causes hospital-acquired infections. The increasing threats from A. nosocomialis infections have led to attention from the scientific and medical communities. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed for an exudate specimen collected from an ICU patient with wound infection, followed by sepsis, in Tongji Hospital. Three assembly strategies were employed to recover the genome of A. nosocomialis in the metagenomic sample. Together with publicly available genomes of A. nosocomialis, the features of population genetics and molecular epidemiology were deeply analyzed. A draft genome was reconstructed for the metagenomic strain WHM01, derived from the ST410 A. nosocomialis dominating the microbial community, thereby prompting its highly pathogenic risk, which is associated with infection and persistence. The structure of the bacterial pangenome was characterized, including the 1862 core and 11,815 accessory genes present in the 157 strains. The genetic diversity of the genes coding for the 128 virulence factors assigned to 14 functional categories was uncovered in this nosocomial pathogen, such as the lipooligosaccharide, capsule, type IV pilus, and outer membrane proteins. Our work revealed genomic properties of ST410 A. nosocomialis, which is prevalent in China, and further highlighted that metagenomic surveillance may be a prospective application for evaluating the pathogenic characteristics of the nosocomial opportunistic pathogens.
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28
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Kashyap S, Sidhu H, Sharma P, Capalash N. 3-indoleacetonitrile attenuates biofilm formation and enhances sensitivity to imipenem in Acinetobacter baumannii. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6648707. [PMID: 35867872 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii poses a global danger due to its ability to resist most of the currently available antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the rise of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates has limited the treatment options available. In the present study, plant auxin 3-indoleacetonitrile was found to inhibit biofilm formation and motility of A. baumannii at sub-lethal concentration. Mechanistically, 3-indoleacetonitrile inhibited the synthesis of the quorum sensing signal 3-OH-C12-HSL by downregulating the expression of the abaI autoinducer synthase gene. 3-indoleacetonitrile was found to reduce MIC of A. baumannii ATCC 17 978 against imipenem, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and levofloxacin, and significantly decreased persistence against imipenem. Inhibition of efflux pumps by down-regulating genes expression may be responsible for enhanced sensitivity and low persistence. 3-indoleacetonitrile reduced the resistance to imipenem in carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates by down-regulating the expression of OXA β-lactamases (blaoxa-51 and blaoxa-23), outer membrane protein carO and transporter protein adeB. These findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of 3-indoleacetonitrile which could be explored as an adjuvant with antibiotics for controlling A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Kashyap
- Department of Biotechnology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Harsimran Sidhu
- Department of Biotechnology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, South Campus, Basic Medical Science (Block I), Panjab University, Sector 25, Chandigarh, India
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29
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Temel A, Erac B. Investigating Biofilm Formation and Antibiofilm Activity Using Real Time Cell Analysis Method in Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains. Curr Microbiol 2022; 79:256. [PMID: 35834022 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-02943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant nosocomial pathogen, with its biofilm forming capacity playing an important role in its pathogenicity. The fast and reliable detection of the biofilm formation and measurement of antibiofilm activity of various molecules are critical for combating A. baumannii infections. In this study, we aimed to detect biofilm formation by real time cell analyses (RTCA) method in clinical A. baumannii isolates and to investigate antibiofilm activities of tigecycline (TGC), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The effect of the tested drugs on expressions of biofilm-related genes bap and csuE in clinical A. baumannii strains was also analyzed by real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Biofilm forming capacities for strong and weak biofilm producer A. baumannii strains were detected within 10 h by RTCA method (P < 0.05). We also observed that sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations of NAC + TGC and ASA + TGC combinations could significantly reduce biofilm formation and expression of biofilm-related genes in A. baumanii strains. No statistically significant activity of the tested drugs was detected against mature biofilms of the bacterial strains with the RTCA method. These results suggest that reproducible results on biofilm production capacity of A. baumannii strains and antibiofilm activities of various compounds can be obtained in a short time using RTCA method. Therefore, RTCA method seems to be a beneficial technique for biofilm detection and can help in combating A. baumannii infections by giving health providers the opportunity of implementing antibiofilm treatment strategies in a timely manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aybala Temel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bayrı Erac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
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30
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Yamabe K, Arakawa Y, Shoji M, Miyamoto K, Tsuchiya T, Minoura K, Akeda Y, Tomono K, Onda M. Enhancement ofAcinetobacterbaumanniibiofilm growth by cephem antibiotics via enrichment of protein and extracellular DNAin thebiofilm matrices. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2002-2013. [PMID: 35818769 PMCID: PMC9539989 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of eight cephem and carbapenem antibiotics on thebiofilm formation ofAcinetobacterbaumanniicells and examine itseffect on pre-established biofilms. METHODS AND RESULTS Effects of antibiotics on biofilm formation were assayed using microtiter plates with polystyrene peg-lids.Cefmetazole, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefpirome increased the biomass of pre-established biofilms on pegs in the range of their sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations, whereas none increased biofilm formation by planktonic cells. Carbapenems had a negative effect.The constituents of antibiotic-induced biofilms were analyzed. Ceftriaxoneor ceftazidimetreatment markedly increased the matrix constituent amounts in the biofilms (carbohydrate, 2.7-fold; protein, 8.9-12.7-fold; lipid, 3.3-3.6-fold; DNA, 9.1-12.2-fold; outer membrane vesicles, 2.7-3.8-fold; and viable cells,6.8-10.1-fold).The antibiotic-enhanced biofilmshad increased outer membrane protein A and were resistant to the anti-biofilm effect of azithromycin. CONCLUSIONS Some cephems increased the biomass of pre-established biofilms in the ranges of their sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations.The antibiotic-enhanced biofilmspossessed more virulent characteristics than normal biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Incomplete administration of certain cephems followingbiofilm-related Ac.baumannii infectionscould adversely cause exacerbated and chronic clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamabe
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Arakawa
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Shoji
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Tsuchiya
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Minoura
- Joint Research Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Akeda
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Tomono
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - M Onda
- Department of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Wan X, Li Q, Olsen RH, Meng H, Zhang Z, Wang J, Zheng H, Li L, Shi L. Engineering a CRISPR interference system targeting AcrAB-TolC efflux pump to prevent multidrug resistance development in Escherichia coli. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:2158-2166. [PMID: 35642356 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We engineered a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system targeting the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump to prevent MDR development in Escherichia coli. METHODS Nine specific single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the components of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump, namely AcrA, AcrB and TolC. A total of thirteen CRISPRi recombinant plasmids were constructed with single or clustered sgRNAs. The transcriptional levels of the target genes, MICs of multiple antibiotics and biofilm formation in each CRISPRi strain were tested. RESULTS The CRISPRi system expressing sgRNA clusters targeting acrB and tolC simultaneously exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on AcrAB-TolC efflux pump activity in E. coli HB101, with 78.3%, 90.0% and 65.4% inhibition rates on the transcriptional levels of acrA, acrB and tolC, respectively. The CRISPRi system resulted in ∼2-, ∼8- and 16-fold increased susceptibility to rifampicin, erythromycin and tetracycline, respectively. In addition, the constructed CRISPRi system reduced biofilm formation with inhibition rates in the range of 11.2% to 58.2%. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the construction of an inducible CRISPRi system targeting the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump to prevent MDR development in E. coli. This study provides insights for future regulation and manipulation of AcrAB-TolC activity and bacterial MDR by a CRISPRi system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Wan
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Rikke Heidemann Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Hecheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China
| | - Junlin Wang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanyu Zheng
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Xiamen Yinxiang Group, Xiamen, China
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32
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Roy S, Chowdhury G, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Basu S. Convergence of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii Infection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:793615. [PMID: 35402433 PMCID: PMC8987773 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.793615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is a leading cause of nosocomial infections as this pathogen has certain attributes that facilitate the subversion of natural defenses of the human body. A. baumannii acquires antibiotic resistance determinants easily and can thrive on both biotic and abiotic surfaces. Different resistance mechanisms or determinants, both transmissible and non-transmissible, have aided in this victory over antibiotics. In addition, the propensity to form biofilms (communities of organism attached to a surface) allows the organism to persist in hospitals on various medical surfaces (cardiac valves, artificial joints, catheters, endotracheal tubes, and ventilators) and also evade antibiotics simply by shielding the bacteria and increasing its ability to acquire foreign genetic material through lateral gene transfer. The biofilm formation rate in A. baumannii is higher than in other species. Recent research has shown how A. baumannii biofilm-forming capacity exerts its effect on resistance phenotypes, development of resistome, and dissemination of resistance genes within biofilms by conjugation or transformation, thereby making biofilm a hotspot for genetic exchange. Various genes control the formation of A. baumannii biofilms and a beneficial relationship between biofilm formation and "antimicrobial resistance" (AMR) exists in the organism. This review discusses these various attributes of the organism that act independently or synergistically to cause hospital infections. Evolution of AMR in A. baumannii, resistance mechanisms including both transmissible (hydrolyzing enzymes) and non-transmissible (efflux pumps and chromosomal mutations) are presented. Intrinsic factors [biofilm-associated protein, outer membrane protein A, chaperon-usher pilus, iron uptake mechanism, poly-β-(1, 6)-N-acetyl glucosamine, BfmS/BfmR two-component system, PER-1, quorum sensing] involved in biofilm production, extrinsic factors (surface property, growth temperature, growth medium) associated with the process, the impact of biofilms on high antimicrobial tolerance and regulation of the process, gene transfer within the biofilm, are elaborated. The infections associated with colonization of A. baumannii on medical devices are discussed. Each important device-related infection is dealt with and both adult and pediatric studies are separately mentioned. Furthermore, the strategies of preventing A. baumannii biofilms with antibiotic combinations, quorum sensing quenchers, natural products, efflux pump inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and phage therapy are enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasree Roy
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Sulagna Basu
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Decoding Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm dynamics and associated protein markers: proteomic and bioinformatics approach. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:200. [PMID: 35239017 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major cause of its persistence in hospital environment. Biofilm phenotypes are more resistant to physical as well as chemical stresses than their planktonic counterparts. The present study was carried in quest of biofilm-associated protein markers and their association with various biological pathways of A. baumannii. The study was designed with an aim to highlight the crucial common factor present in the majority of the A. baumannii strains irrespective of its resistance nature. A label-free proteome comparison of biofilm and planktonic phenotypes of A. baumannii was done using QExactive tandem mass spectrometry. Our investigation suggests key elevation of adhesion factors, acetate metabolism, nutrient transporters, and secretion system proteins are required for biofilm formation in A. baumannii. Elevation of biofilm-associated proteins revealed that biofilm is the unique phenotype with the potential to form robust matrix-embedded colonies and defeat stress condition. Further, core protein markers of biofilm phenotypes could be used as targets for new clinical interventions to combat biofilm-associated infections.
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Liu Y, Li Z, Qi Y, Wen X, Zhang L. Metagenomic Analysis Reveals a Changing Microbiome Associated With the Depth of Invasion of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:795777. [PMID: 35222330 PMCID: PMC8863607 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.795777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development and the microbiome has attracted increasing attention. The depth of invasion (DOI) is an important indicator of tumor progression, staging and prognosis, and the change in the oral microbiome based on the DOI is unclear. This report describes the use of metagenomic analyses to investigate the relationship between the oral microbiome and the DOI. Forty patients in different DOI categories were recruited; 10 healthy people served as the control group. Swab samples collected from the participants were subjected to metagenomic analyses, and the oral microbial communities and their functions were investigated. The abundances of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Capnocytophaga sputigena, Porphyromonas endodontalis, and Gemella haemolysans were significantly increased in the patients compared with the controls. The abundances of some bacteria exhibited a stage-related trend. The abundances of P. endodontalis, Gemella morbillorum and G. haemolysans increased with increasing DOI. In contrast, the abundances of Prevotella melaninogenica, Haemophilus parainfluenzae and Neisseria flavescens decreased with increasing DOI. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, eight species were found to have predictive value: Rothia mucilaginosa, P. melaninogenica, H. parainfluenzae, and N. flavescens in the healthy control group and P. endodontalis, G. morbillorum, G. haemolysans and Fusobacterium periodonticum in the high DOI group. In the functional analysis, several metabolic pathways were decreased, whereas flagellar assembly and bacterial chemotaxis showed an increasing trend as the disease progressed. Biofilm formation, flagella, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other virulence factors exhibited staging-related changes. These pathogenic pathways and factors had a clear correlation with specific pathogens. In particular, when OSCC progressed to the late stage, microbial diversity and functional potential changed greatly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanxu Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xutao Wen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Polymyxin B in Combination with Ceftazidime against Robust Biofilm Formed by Acinetobacter baumannii with Genetic Deficiency in AbaI/AbaR Quorum Sensing. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0176821. [PMID: 35196792 PMCID: PMC8865539 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01768-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii poses challenges to public health. Biofilm contributes to the persistence of A. baumannii cells. This study was designed to investigate the genetic relationships among carbapenem resistance, polymyxin resistance, multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and surface-associated motility and evaluate the antibiofilm effect of polymyxin in combination with other antibiotics. A total of 103 clinical A. baumannii strains were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation capacity, and motility. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprinting was used to determine the genetic variation among strains. The distribution of 17 genes related to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux, autoinducer-receptor (AbaI/AbaR) quorum sensing, oxacillinases (OXA)-23, and insertion sequence of ISAba1 element was investigated. The representative strains were chosen to evaluate the gene transcription and the antibiofilm activity by polymyxin B (PB) in combination with merapenem, levofloxacin, and ceftazidime, respectively. ERIC-PCR-dependent fingerprints were found to be associated with carbapenem resistance and multidrug resistance. The presence of blaOXA-23 was found to correlate with genes involved in ISAba1 insertion, AbaI/AbaR quorum sensing, and AdeABC efflux. Carbapenem resistance was observed to be negatively correlated with biofilm formation and positively correlated with motility. PB in combination with ceftazidime displayed a synergistic antibiofilm effect against robust biofilm formed by an A. baumannii strain with deficiency in AbaI/AbaR quorum sensing. Our results not only clarify the genetic correlation among carbapenem resistance, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity in a certain level but also provide a theoretical basis for clinical applications of polymyxin-based combination of antibiotics in antibiofilm therapy. IMPORTANCE Deeper explorations of molecular correlation among antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity could provide novel insights that would facilitate the development of therapeutics and prevention against A. baumannii biofilm-related infections. The major finding that polymyxin B in combination with ceftazidime displayed a synergistic antibiofilm effect against robust biofilm formed by an A. baumannii strain with genetic deficiency in AbaI/AbaR quorum sensing further provides a theoretical basis for clinical applications of antibiotics in combination with quorum quenching in antibiofilm therapy.
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Robin B, Nicol M, Le H, Tahrioui A, Schaumann A, Vuillemenot JB, Vergoz D, Lesouhaitier O, Jouenne T, Hardouin J, Potron A, Perrot V, Dé E. MacAB-TolC Contributes to the Development of Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilm at the Solid–Liquid Interface. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:785161. [PMID: 35095797 PMCID: PMC8792954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.785161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most problematic bacterial pathogens responsible for hospital-acquired and community infections worldwide. Besides its high capacity to acquire antibiotic resistance mechanisms, it also presents high adhesion abilities on inert and living surfaces leading to biofilm development. This lifestyle confers additional protection against various treatments and allows it to persist for long periods in various hospital niches. Due to their remarkable antimicrobial tolerance, A. baumannii biofilms are difficult to control and ultimately eradicate. Further insights into the mechanism of biofilm development will help to overcome this challenge and to develop novel antibiofilm strategies. To unravel critical determinants of this sessile lifestyle, the proteomic profiles of two A. baumannii strains (ATTC17978 and SDF) grown in planktonic stationary phase or in mature solid–liquid (S-L) biofilm were compared using a semiquantitative proteomic study. Of interest, among the 69 common proteins determinants accumulated in the two strains at the S-L interface, we sorted out the MacAB-TolC system. This tripartite efflux pump played a role in A. baumannii biofilm formation as demonstrated by using ΔmacAB-tolC deletion mutant. Complementary approaches allowed us to get an overview of the impact of macAB-tolC deletion in A. baumannii physiology. Indeed, this efflux pump appeared to be involved in the envelope stress response occurring in mature biofilm. It contributes to maintain wild type (WT) membrane rigidity and provides tolerance to high osmolarity conditions. In addition, this system is probably involved in the maintenance of iron and sulfur homeostasis. MacAB-TolC might help this pathogen face and adapt to deleterious conditions occurring in mature biofilms. Increasing our knowledge of A. baumannii biofilm formation will undoubtedly help us develop new therapeutic strategies to tackle this emerging threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Robin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Marion Nicol
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Hung Le
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | - Ali Tahrioui
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, LMSM EA4312, Evreux, France
| | - Annick Schaumann
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | - Delphine Vergoz
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
| | | | - Thierry Jouenne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Hardouin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- PISSARO Proteomic Facility, IRIB, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Anaïs Potron
- UMR 6249 Chrono-Environnement, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne/Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Valérie Perrot
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Perrot,
| | - Emmanuelle Dé
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, Polymers, Biopolymers, Surfaces Laboratory, Rouen, France
- Emmanuelle Dé,
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Upmanyu K, Haq QMR, Singh R. Factors mediating Acinetobacter baumannii biofilm formation: Opportunities for developing therapeutics. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100131. [PMID: 35909621 PMCID: PMC9325880 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A. baumannii rapidly acquires antimicrobial resistance and causes biofilm associated infections. Strategies to target intrinsic factors mediating A. baumannii biofilm formation offer therapeutic prospects. Antimicrobial polymers and coating medical devices with antibiofilm agents may prevent biofilm associated infections. Biofilm matrix or regulatory mechanisms such as quorum sensing are potential targets for treating chronic infections. Phage therapy, photodynamic therapy and nanoparticle therapy are novel promising approaches for treating biofilm associated infections.
Acinetobacter baumannii has notably become a superbug due to its mounting risk of infection and escalating rates of antimicrobial resistance, including colistin, the last-resort antibiotic. Its propensity to form biofilm on biotic and abiotic surfaces has contributed to the majority of nosocomial infections. Bacterial cells in biofilms are resistant to antibiotics and host immune response, and pose challenges in treatment. Therefore current scenario urgently requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies for successful treatment outcomes. This article provides a holistic understanding of sequential events and regulatory mechanisms directing A. baumannii biofilm formation. Understanding the key factors functioning and regulating the biofilm machinery of A. baumannii will provide us insight to develop novel approaches to combat A. baumannii infections. Further, the review article deliberates promising strategies for the prevention of biofilm formation on medically relevant substances and potential therapeutic strategies for the eradication of preformed biofilms which can help tackle biofilm-associated A. baumannii infections. Advances in emerging therapeutic opportunities such as phage therapy, nanoparticle therapy and photodynamic therapy are also discussed to comprehend the current scenario and future outlook for the development of successful treatment against biofilm-associated A. baumannii infections.
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Ruiz CH, Osorio-Llanes E, Trespalacios MH, Mendoza-Torres E, Rosales W, Gómez CMM. Quorum Sensing Regulation as a Target for Antimicrobial Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:848-864. [PMID: 34856897 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666211202115259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some bacterial species use a cell-to-cell communication mechanism called Quorum Sensing (QS). Bacteria release small diffusible molecules, usually termed signals which allow the activation of beneficial phenotypes that guarantee bacterial survival and the expression of a diversity of virulence genes in response to an increase in population density. The study of the molecular mechanisms that relate signal molecules with bacterial pathogenesis is an area of growing interest due to its use as a possible therapeutic alternative through the development of synthetic analogues of autoinducers as a strategy to regulate bacterial communication as well as the study of bacterial resistance phenomena, the study of these relationships is based on the structural diversity of natural or synthetic autoinducers and their ability to inhibit bacterial QS, which can be approached with a molecular perspective from the following topics: i) Molecular signals and their role in QS regulation; ii) Strategies in the modulation of Quorum Sensing; iii) Analysis of Bacterial QS circuit regulation strategies; iv) Structural evolution of natural and synthetic autoinducers as QS regulators. This mini-review allows a molecular view of the QS systems, showing a perspective on the importance of the molecular diversity of autoinducer analogs as a strategy for the design of new antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterine Henríquez Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica. Faculty of Basic Sciences. Universidad del Atlántico. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Estefanie Osorio-Llanes
- Faculty of Exact and Natural sciences. Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina. Universidad Libre. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Mayra Hernández Trespalacios
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica. Faculty of Basic Sciences. Universidad del Atlántico. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Evelyn Mendoza-Torres
- Faculty of Health Sciences. Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina-Universidad Libre. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Wendy Rosales
- Faculty of Exact and Natural sciences. Grupo de Investigación Avanzada en Biomedicina. Universidad Libre. Barranquilla. Colombia
| | - Carlos Mario Meléndez Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Química Orgánica y Biomédica. Faculty of Basic Sciences. Universidad del Atlántico. Barranquilla. Colombia
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Kaur K, Reddy S, Barathe P, Shriram V, Anand U, Proćków J, Kumar V. Combating Drug-Resistant Bacteria Using Photothermally Active Nanomaterials: A Perspective Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:747019. [PMID: 34867863 PMCID: PMC8633304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.747019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Injudicious use of antibiotics has been the main driver of severe bacterial non-susceptibility to commonly available antibiotics (known as drug resistance or antimicrobial resistance), a global threat to human health and healthcare. There is an increase in the incidence and levels of resistance to antibacterial drugs not only in nosocomial settings but also in community ones. The drying pipeline of new and effective antibiotics has further worsened the situation and is leading to a potentially "post-antibiotic era." This requires novel and effective therapies and therapeutic agents for combating drug-resistant pathogenic microbes. Nanomaterials are emerging as potent antimicrobial agents with both bactericidal and potentiating effects reported against drug-resistant microbes. Among them, the photothermally active nanomaterials (PANs) are gaining attention for their broad-spectrum antibacterial potencies driven mainly by the photothermal effect, which is characterized by the conversion of absorbed photon energy into heat energy by the PANs. The current review capitalizes on the importance of using PANs as an effective approach for overcoming bacterial resistance to drugs. Various PANs leveraging broad-spectrum therapeutic antibacterial (both bactericidal and synergistic) potentials against drug-resistant pathogens have been discussed. The review also provides deeper mechanistic insights into the mechanisms of the action of PANs against a variety of drug-resistant pathogens with a critical evaluation of efflux pumps, cell membrane permeability, biofilm, and quorum sensing inhibition. We also discuss the use of PANs as drug carriers. This review also discusses possible cytotoxicities related to the therapeutic use of PANs and effective strategies to overcome this. Recent developments, success stories, challenges, and prospects are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljeet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Sagar Reddy
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Pramod Barathe
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Ganeshkhind, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Sherif MM, Elkhatib WF, Khalaf WS, Elleboudy NS, Abdelaziz NA. Multidrug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Biofilms: Evaluation of Phenotypic-Genotypic Association and Susceptibility to Cinnamic and Gallic Acids. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:716627. [PMID: 34650528 PMCID: PMC8508616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.716627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii armed with multidrug resistance (MDR) and biofilm-forming ability is increasingly recognized as an alarming pathogen. A deeper comprehension of the correlation between these two armories is required in circumventing its infections. This study examined the biofilm-forming ability of the isolates by crystal violet staining and the antibiotic susceptibility by broth microdilution method. The genetic basis of the MDR and biofilm-forming phenotypes was screened by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial activities of cinnamic and gallic acids against planktonic cells and biofilms of A. baumannii were investigated, and the findings were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Among 90 A. baumannii isolates, 69 (76.6%) were MDR, and all were biofilm formers; they were classified into weak (12.2%), moderate (53.3%), and strong (34.5%) biofilm formers. Our results underlined a significant association between MDR and enhanced biofilm formation. Genotypically, the presence of blaVIM and blaOXA–23 genes along with biofilm-related genes (ompA, bap, and csuE) was statistically associated with the biofilm-forming abilities. Impressively, both gallic and cinnamic acids could significantly reduce the MDR A. baumannii biofilms with variable degrees dependent on the phenotype–genotype characteristics of the tested isolates. The current findings may possess future therapeutic impact through augmenting antimicrobial arsenal against life-threatening infections with MDR A. baumannii biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Sherif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Al Galala, Egypt
| | - Wafaa S Khalaf
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nooran S Elleboudy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neveen A Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October City, Egypt
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Milani ES, Hasani A, Varschochi M, Sadeghi J, Memar MY, Hasani A. Biocide resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: appraising the mechanisms. J Hosp Infect 2021; 117:135-146. [PMID: 34560167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A global upsurge in antibiotic-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii requires supervised selection of biocides and disinfectants to avert nosocomial infections by reducing its spread. Moreover, inadequate and improper biocides have been reported as a contributing factor in antimicrobial resistance. Regardless of the manner of administration, a biocidal concentration that does not kill the target bacteria creates a stress response, propagating the resistance mechanisms. This is an essential aspect of the disinfection programme and the overall bio-contamination management plan. Knowing the mechanisms of action of biocides and resistance modalities may open new avenues to discover novel agents. This review describes the mechanisms of action of some biocides, resistance mechanisms, and approaches to study susceptibility/resistance to these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Milani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Hasani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit, Sina Educational, Research and Treatment Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - M Varschochi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - J Sadeghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Y Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - A Hasani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Sun X, Xiang J. Mechanism Underlying the Role of LuxR Family Transcriptional Regulator abaR in Biofilm Formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:3936-3944. [PMID: 34522977 PMCID: PMC8439540 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Our study attempted to explore the mechanism underlying the role of LuxR family transcriptional regulator abaR in biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii. The abaR gene was knocked out in ATCC 17978 strain using homologous recombination method. The growth curve and biofilm formation were measured in the wild type and abaR gene knockdown strains. Transcriptome sequencing was performed in the wild type and abaR gene knockdown strains following 8 h of culture. The growth curve in the abaR gene knockdown strain was similar to that of the wild-type strain. Biofilm formation significantly declined in the abaR gene knockdown strain at 8 and 48 h after culture. A total of 137 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained including 20 downregulated DEGs and 117 upregulated DEGs. Genes with differential expression were closely related to viral procapsid maturation (GO:0046797), acetoin catabolism (GO:0045150), carbon metabolism (ko01200), and the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (ko00010)-related pathways. The results of the eight verified expression DEGs were consistent with the results predicted by bioinformatics. AbaR gene knockdown significantly affected biofilm formation by A. baumannii ATCC 17978 strain. The glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways were significantly dysregulated and induced by abaR gene knockdown in A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhang T, Xu X, Xu CF, Bilya SR, Xu W. Mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii in Northeast China region: analysis of genotype and drug resistance of bacteria and patients' clinical features over 7 years. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:135. [PMID: 34526127 PMCID: PMC8444615 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-01005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical features and outcomes of patients with mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab), and to characterize the drug resistance of pathogenic strains and carbapenem resistance-associated genes. Methods Clinical data were collected from the PICU of Shengjing Hospital. Patients who met the diagnostic criteria of VAP and for whom Ab was a pathogen were selected as study participants. The patients were divided into carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) and carbapenem-sensitive A. baumannii (CSAB) groups. The genes closely associated with Ab resistance to carbapenems and the efflux pump-related genes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and results compared between the two groups. Results The total mechanical ventilation time and the administration time of antibiotics after a diagnosis of Ab infection were significantly higher in the CRAB group. And the CRAB group strains were only sensitive to amikacin, cephazolin, compound sulfamethoxazole, and tigecycline. Genetic test results indicated that IPM expression was not significantly different between two groups. The OXA-51 and OXA-23 in the CRAB group was markedly higher than that in the CSAB group, while OXA-24 expression was markedly lower. The expression of AdeABC and AdeFGH was significantly greater in the CRAB compared to CSAB group. Conclusion In pediatric patients with VAP caused by Ab infection, the detection rate of CRAB strains is far higher than that of CSAB strains; The abnormal expression of β-lactamase-producing genes (OXA-23, OXA-24, and OXA-51) and efflux pump-related genes (AdeABC and AdeFGH) is closely related to the production of CRAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Fang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Salisu Rabiu Bilya
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, SanHao Street, Shenyang City, 110004, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
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Masoumi-Asl H, Heravi FS, Badamchi A, Khanaliha K, Farsimadan M, Naghadalipoor M, Tabasi M, Tabasi E, Tabatabaei A. Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Diversity of International High-Risk Clones of Acinetobacter baumannii Revealed in a Russian Multidisciplinary Medical Center during 2017-2019. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10081009. [PMID: 34439060 PMCID: PMC8389025 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a dangerous bacterial pathogen possessing the ability to persist on various surfaces, especially in clinical settings, and to rapidly acquire the resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics. Thus, the epidemiological surveillance of A. baumannii within a particular hospital, region, and across the world is an important healthcare task that currently usually includes performing whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of representative isolates. During the past years, the dissemination of A. baumannii across the world was mainly driven by the strains belonging to two major groups called the global clones or international clones (ICs) of high risk (IC1 and IC2). However, currently nine ICs are already considered. Although some clones were previously thought to spread in particular regions of the world, in recent years this is usually not the case. In this study, we determined five ICs, as well as three isolates not belonging to the major ICs, in one multidisciplinary medical center within the period 2017-2019. We performed WGS using both short- and long-read sequencing technologies of nine representative clinical A. baumannii isolates, which allowed us to determine the antibiotic resistance and virulence genomic determinants, reveal the CRISPR/Cas systems, and obtain the plasmid structures. The phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance profiles are compared, and the possible ways of isolate and resistance spreading are discussed. We believe that the data obtained will provide a better understanding of the spreading and resistance acquisition of the ICs of A. baumannii and further stress the necessity for continuous genomic epidemiology surveillance of this problem-causing bacterial species.
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Pompilio A, Scribano D, Sarshar M, Di Bonaventura G, Palamara AT, Ambrosi C. Gram-Negative Bacteria Holding Together in a Biofilm: The Acinetobacter baumannii Way. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071353. [PMID: 34206680 PMCID: PMC8304980 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a serious public-health problem worldwide. In recent years, the rates of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria associated with biofilm-forming activity have increased worrisomely, particularly among healthcare-associated pathogens. Acinetobacter baumannii is a critically opportunistic pathogen, due to the high rates of antibiotic resistant strains causing healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). The clinical isolates of A. baumannii can form biofilms on both biotic and abiotic surfaces; hospital settings and medical devices are the ideal environments for A. baumannii biofilms, thereby representing the main source of patient infections. However, the paucity of therapeutic options poses major concerns for human health infections caused by A. baumannii strains. The increasing number of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii biofilm-forming isolates in association with the limited number of biofilm-eradicating treatments intensify the need for effective antibiofilm approaches. This review discusses the mechanisms used by this opportunistic pathogen to form biofilms, describes their clinical impact, and summarizes the current and emerging treatment options available, both to prevent their formation and to disrupt preformed A. baumannii biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Daniela Scribano
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Dani Di Giò Foundation-Onlus, 00193 Rome, Italy
| | - Meysam Sarshar
- Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Service of Clinical Microbiology, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.P.); (G.D.B.)
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ambrosi
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, IRCCS, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Çimen M, Düzgün AÖ. Antibiotic induced biofilm formation of novel multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii ST2121 clone. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021; 68:80-86. [PMID: 33180031 DOI: 10.1556/030.2020.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes exhibited by multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii, to analyze biofilm formation and to investigate clonal subtypes of isolate. Whole genome sequencing was done by Illumina NovaSeq 6,000 platform and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was performed by Oxford and Pasteur typing schemes. Influence of imipenem and levofloxacin on biofilm formation was investigated in 96-well plates at 3 replicates. The strain was found to carry OXA-23, OXA-51-like, AmpC and TEM-1 beta-lactamases. The sequence of the blaOXA-51-like gene has been identified as a blaOXA-66. According to Pasteur MLST scheme the strain displayed ST2 allelic profile. However, based on Oxford MLST scheme this strain represents the new ST2121, as the gdhB gene has a single allelic mutation namely, the gdhB-227. It was determined that MDR isolate carried bap, basABCDFGHIJ, csuA/BABCDE, bauABCDEF, plcD, pgaABCD, entE, barAB, ompA, abaIR, piT2EAFTE/AUBl, fimADT, cvaC, bfmR, bfmS virulence genes. In our study imipenem induced the highest biofilm formation at a concentration of 32 µg/ml and levofloxacin at a concentration of 16 µg/ml. In conclusion, we detected a new MDR A. baumannii ST2121 clone harboring blaOXA-66 gene that has been reported for the first time in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müberra Çimen
- 1Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
| | - Azer Özad Düzgün
- 2Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey
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Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. have become of increased clinical importance as studies have shown the antimicrobial resistant potential of these species. Efflux pumps can lead to reduced susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics and are present in large number across Acinetobacter spp. There are six families of efflux pumps that have been shown to be of clinical relevance: the major facilitator superfamily (MFS), small multidrug resistance (SMR) family, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family, proteobacterial antimicrobial compound efflux (PACE) family, and the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family. Much work has been done for understanding and characterizing the roles these efflux pumps play in relation to antimicrobial resistance and the physiology of these bacteria. RND efflux pumps, with their expansive substrate profiles, are a major component of Acinetobacter spp. antimicrobial resistance. New discoveries over the last decade have shed light on the complex regulation of these efflux pumps, leading to greater understanding and the potential of slowing the reduced susceptibility seen in these bacterial species.
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Sato Y, Ubagai T, Tansho-Nagakawa S, Yoshino Y, Ono Y. Effects of colistin and tigecycline on multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms: advantages and disadvantages of their combination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11700. [PMID: 34083569 PMCID: PMC8175759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the antimicrobial effects of colistin (CST) and tigecycline (TGC), either alone or in combination, on biofilm-dispersed and biofilm-embedded multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDRAB) strains R1 and R2. The bacterial growth of biofilm-dispersed MDRAB was inhibited by CST or TGC. However, the inhibitory effects were attenuated by a combination of CST and low concentrations of TGC. The bactericidal effects of CST, but not TGC, were observed on biofilm-dispersed MDRAB. Notably, the bactericidal effects increased with a combination of CST and high concentrations of TGC, whereas they were attenuated with the combination of CST and low concentrations of TGC. Although biofilm formation by MDRAB decreased with increasing concentrations of CST or TGC, there was no complete disruption of the biofilms. Additionally, the biofilms increased with a combination of 1–2 μg/mL CST and TGC at 2 μg/mL and 2–4 μg/mL for strains R1 and R2, respectively. Biofilm-embedded MDRAB was eradicated with CST, but not TGC. Notably, the eradication effects increased with a combination of CST and high concentrations of TGC, whereas attenuation happened with the combination of CST and low concentrations of TGC. These results provide information on the combined effects of CST and TGC in the treatment of biofilm-associated MDRAB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.
| | - Tsuneyuki Ubagai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tansho-Nagakawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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Bamunuarachchi NI, Khan F, Kim YM. Inhibition of Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation of Acinetobacter Baumannii by Naturally-derived and Synthetic Drugs. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:734-759. [PMID: 33100201 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201023122355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, and pleomorphic bacillus. A. baumannii is also a highly-infectious pathogen causing high mortality and morbidity rates in intensive care units. The discovery of novel agents against A. baumannii infections is urgently needed due to the emergence of drug-resistant A. baumannii strains and the limited number of efficacious antibiotics available for treatment. In addition to the production of several virulence factors, A. baumannii forms biofilms on the host cell surface as well. Formation of biofilms occurs through initial surface attachment, microcolony formation, biofilm maturation, and detachment stages, and is one of the major drug resistance mechanisms employed by A. baumannii. Several studies have previously reported the efficacy of naturally-derived and synthetic compounds as anti- biofilm and anti-virulence agents against A. baumannii. Here, inhibition of biofilm formation and virulence factors of A. baumannii using naturally-derived and synthetic compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
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