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Du RL, Chow HY, Chen YW, Chan PH, Daniel RA, Wong KY. Gossypol acetate: A natural polyphenol derivative with antimicrobial activities against the essential cell division protein FtsZ. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1080308. [PMID: 36713210 PMCID: PMC9878342 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has attracted worldwide attention and remains an urgent issue to resolve. Discovery of novel compounds is regarded as one way to circumvent the development of resistance and increase the available treatment options. Gossypol is a natural polyphenolic aldehyde, and it has attracted increasing attention as a possible antibacterial drug. In this paper, we studied the antimicrobial properties (minimum inhibitory concentrations) of gossypol acetate against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains and dig up targets of gossypol acetate using in vitro assays, including studying its effects on functions (GTPase activity and polymerization) of Filamenting temperature sensitive mutant Z (FtsZ) and its interactions with FtsZ using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and in vivo assays, including visualization of cell morphologies and proteins localizations using a microscope. Lastly, Bacterial membrane permeability changes were studied, and the cytotoxicity of gossypol acetate was determined. We also estimated the interactions of gossypol acetate with the promising target. We found that gossypol acetate can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria such as the model organism Bacillus subtilis and the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus [both methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA)]. In addition, gossypol acetate can also inhibit the growth of Gram-negative bacteria when the outer membrane is permeabilized by Polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN). Using a cell biological approach, we show that gossypol acetate affects cell division in bacteria by interfering with the assembly of the cell division FtsZ ring. Biochemical analysis shows that the GTPase activity of FtsZ was inhibited and polymerization of FtsZ was enhanced in vitro, consistent with the block to cell division in the bacteria tested. The binding mode of gossypol acetate in FtsZ was modeled using molecular docking and provides an understanding of the compound mode of action. The results point to gossypol (S2303) as a promising antimicrobial compound that inhibits cell division by affecting FtsZ polymerization and has potential to be developed into an effective antimicrobial drug by chemical modification to minimize its cytotoxic effects in eukaryotic cells that were identified in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Du
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho-Yin Chow
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Wei Chen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Pak-Ho Chan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Richard A. Daniel
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom,Richard A. Daniel,
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: Kwok-Yin Wong,
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Mirzaei R, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Ranjbar R. Antibiofilm effect of melittin alone and in combination with conventional antibiotics toward strong biofilm of MDR-MRSA and - Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1030401. [PMID: 36910230 PMCID: PMC9994733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1030401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens are being recognized as a critical threat to human health if they can form biofilm and, in this sense, biofilm-forming MDR-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and -Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are a worse concern. Hence, a growing body of documents has introduced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as a substitute candidate for conventional antimicrobial agents against drug-resistant and biofilm-associated infections. We evaluated melittin's antibacterial and antibiofilm activity alone and/or in combination with gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin on biofilm-forming MDR-P. aeruginosa and MDR-MRSA strains. Methods Antibacterial tests [antibiogram, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)], anti-biofilm tests [minimum biofilm inhibition concentration (MBIC), and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC)], as well as synergistic antibiofilm activity of melittin and antibiotics, were performed. Besides, the influence of melittin alone on the biofilm encoding genes and the cytotoxicity and hemolytic effects of melittin were examined. Results MIC, MBC, MBIC, and MBEC indices for melittin were in the range of 0.625-5, 1.25-10, 2.5-20, and 10-40 μg/ml, respectively. The findings found that the combination of melittin AMP with antibiotics was synergistic and fractional biofilm inhibitory concentration index (FBICi) for most tested concentrations was <0.5, resulting in a significant reduction in melittin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and rifampin concentrations by 2-256.4, 2-128, 2-16, 4-64 and 4-8 folds, respectively. This phenomenon reduced the toxicity of melittin, whereby its synergist concentration required for biofilm inhibition did not show cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Our findings found that melittin decreased the expression of icaA in S. aureus and LasR in P. aeruginosa genes from 0.1 to 4.11 fold for icaA, and 0.11 to 3.7 fold for LasR, respectively. Conclusion Overall, the results obtained from our study show that melittin alone is effective against the strong biofilm of MDR pathogens and also offers sound synergistic effects with antibiotics without toxicity. Hence, combining melittin and antibiotics can be a potential candidate for further evaluation of in vivo infections by MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zajmi A, Shiranee F, Gee Hoon Tang S, A.M. Alhoot M, Abdul Karim S. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus as Coloniser in Healthy Individuals. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen that can cause mild superficial infections to deep-seated abscesses and sepsis. One of the characteristics of S. aureus is the ability to colonise healthy individuals while leaving them asymptomatic. These carriers’ risk harbouring an antibiotic-resistant strain that may be harmful to the individual and the community. S. aureus carriage in healthcare personnel is being studied extensively in many parts of the world. However, the relationship between colonisation and disease among those with no previous exposure to healthcare remains untouched. Colonisation of the nasal cavity and its surrounding by pathogenic organisms such as S. aureus leads to the increased risk of infection. Hospital-acquired infections associated with S. aureus infections are common and studies related to these types of infections among various study groups are largely documented. However, over the last decade, an increase in community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus has been noted, increasing the need to identify the prevalence of the organism among healthy individuals and assessing the antibiotic resistance patterns. Systemic surveillance of the community for colonisation of S. aureus and identifying the antibiotic-resistant pattern is critical to determine the appropriate empiric antibiotic treatment.
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The issue beyond resistance: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation is induced by subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, and clindamycin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277287. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermis is one of the most frequent causes of device-associated infections due to biofilm formation. Current reports noted that subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics induce biofilm production in some bacteria. Accordingly, we evaluated the effect of exposure of different subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin on the biofilm formation of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentration of antimicrobial agents were determined. MRSE isolates were selected, and their biofilm formation ability was evaluated. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin, antibiotics selected among common choices in the clinic, on MRSE biofilm formation was determined by the microtitre method. Besides, the effect of subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, and vancomycin on the expression of the biofilm-associated genes icaA and atlE was evaluated by Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MRSE strains showed a high level of resistance as follows: 80%, 53.3%, 33.3%, 33.3%, and 26.6%, for erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, clindamycin, and gentamicin, respectively. Besides, 73.3% of S. epidermidis strains were Multidrug-resistant (MDR). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were in the range of 0.5 to512 μg/mL and 1 to1024 μg/mL for cloxacillin, 0.125 to256 μg/mL and 1 to512 μg/mL for cefazolin, 0.125 to64 μg/mL and 4 to>1024 μg/mL for clindamycin, and 2 to32 μg/mL and 4 to32 μg/mL for vancomycin, respectively. The findings showed that subinhibitory concentrations of cloxacillin, cefazolin, and clindamycin induce biofilm production in MRSE strains. In particular, the OD values of strains were in the range of 0.09–0.95, 0.05–0.86, and 0.06–1 toward cloxacillin, cefazolin, and clindamycin, respectively. On the other hand, exposure to subinhibitory vancomycin concentrations did not increase the biofilm formation in MRSE strains. The findings also demonstrated that sub-MIC of antibiotics up-regulated biofilm-associated genes. In particular, atlE and icaA were up-regulated 0.062 to 1.16 and 0.078 to 1.48 folds, respectively, for cloxacillin, 0.11 to 0.8, and 0.1 to 1.3 folds for cefazolin, 0.18 to 0.98, and 0.19 to 1.4 folds, respectively, for clindamycin. In contrast, the results showed that sub-MIC of vancomycin did not increase the biofilm-associated genes. These findings overall show that exposure to sub-MIC of traditional antibiotics can cause biofilm induction in MRSE, thereby increasing the survival and persistence on various surfaces that worsen the condition of comorbid infections.
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Mirzaei R, Alikhani MY, Arciola CR, Sedighi I, Irajian G, Jamasbi E, Yousefimashouf R, Bagheri KP. Highly Synergistic Effects of Melittin With Vancomycin and Rifampin Against Vancomycin and Rifampin Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869650. [PMID: 35814659 PMCID: PMC9260053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains are increasingly emerging as serious pathogens because they can be resistant to many antibiotics called multidrug resistance (MDR) that limit the therapeutic options. In the case of vancomycin- and rifampin-resistant MDR-MRSE, the physicians are not allowed to increase the doses of antibiotics because of severe toxicity. Accordingly, we investigated the synergistic activity of melittin antimicrobial peptide with vancomycin and rifampin against vancomycin-resistant, and rifampin-resistant MDR-MRSE isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi), and fractional bactericidal concentration index (FBCi) of antimicrobial agents against isolates were determined. Coagulate activities and serum and salt stability as well as melittin cytotoxicity on the human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells and human red blood cells (RBCs) at their synergistic concentrations. MIC and MBC values for melittin were in the range of 0.312–2.5 and 0.312–5, respectively. Results also showed that the interaction of melittin with drugs was highly synergistic in which the geometric means of FICi and FBCi were < 0.5. Induced synergism led to a decrease in melittin, rifampin, and vancomycin concentrations by 8–1,020, 2–16, and 4–16-folds, respectively. This phenomenon caused a reduction in melittin toxicity by which the synergistic concentration of melittin needed to kill bacteria did not show cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Besides, no coagulation activity was found for the synergistic and alone concentrations of melittin in both Prothrombin Time (PT) and Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT). Interestingly, the antibacterial activity of melittin in Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) containing human serum did no significant differences between MIC and MBC values of melittin in MHB and MHB containing 10% human serum. The present findings showed that the therapeutic index of melittin was improved by 32.08- and 12.82-folds when combined with vancomycin and rifampin, respectively. Taken together, the obtained data show that melittin alone was effective against MDR-MRSE isolates and this antimicrobial peptide showed highly synergistic effects with vancomycin and rifampin without causing toxicity. Therefore, the combination of melittin and traditional antibiotics could be a promising strategy for the treatment of infections caused by MDR-MRSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologn, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Iraj Sedighi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - GholamReza Irajian
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Jamasbi
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Rasoul Yousefimashouf,
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Laboratory, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Kamran Pooshang Bagheri,
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Kwack KH, Lee JH, Moon JH. Whole genome and RNA sequencing of oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus with vancomycin tolerance. J Microbiol 2022; 60:167-176. [PMID: 34997538 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
"Antibiotic tolerance" promotes the rapid subsequent evolution of "antibiotic resistance," however, it is often overlooked because it is difficult to distinguish between tolerant and susceptible organisms. A commensal bacterium S. anginosus subsp. anginosus strain KHUD_S1, isolated from dental biofilm was found to exhibit a high MBC/MIC ratio of 32 against vancomycin. We observed KHUD_S1 cells exposed to vancomycin did not grow but maintained viability. Transmission electron microscope showed KHUD_S1 cells possessed a dense, thick capsule and maintained the cell wall integrity upon vancomycin exposure. To infer the underlying mechanisms of the vancomycin tolerance in KHUD_S1, we performed whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing. The KHUD_S1 genome carried three genes encoding branching enzymes that can affect peptidoglycan structure through interpeptide bridge formation. Global gene expression profiling revealed that the vancomycin-induced downregulation of carbohydrate and inorganic ion transport/metabolism as well as translation is less prominent in KHUD_S1 than in the vancomycin susceptible strain KHUD_S3. Based on the transcriptional levels of genes related to peptidoglycan synthesis, KHUD_S1 was determined to have a 3D peptidoglycan architecture distinct from KHUD_S3. It was found that, under vancomycin exposure, the peptidoglycan was remodeled through changes in the interpeptide bridge and transpeptidation reactions. Collectively, these features of S. anginosus KHUD_S1, including a dense capsule and differential gene expression in peptidoglycan synthesis, may contribute to vancomycin tolerance. Our results showing the occurrence of vancomycin tolerance amongst oral commensal bacteria highlight the need for considering future strategies for screening of antibiotic tolerance as an effort to reduce antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoi Moon
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Du RL, Sun N, Fung YH, Zheng YY, Chen YW, Chan PH, Wong WL, Wong KY. Discovery of FtsZ inhibitors by virtual screening as antibacterial agents and study of the inhibition mechanism. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:79-89. [PMID: 35224498 PMCID: PMC8792978 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00249j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of bacterial cell division is a novel mechanistic action in the development of new antimicrobial agents. The FtsZ protein is an important antimicrobial drug target because of its essential role in bacterial cell division. In the present study, potential inhibitors of FtsZ were identified by virtual screening followed by in vivo and in vitro bioassays. One of the candidates, Dacomitinib (S2727), shows for the first time its potent inhibitory activity against the MRSA strains. The binding mode of Dacomitinib in FtsZ was analyzed by docking, and Asp199 and Thr265 are thought to be essential residues involved in the interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Lan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Yik-Hong Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Yu-Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Pak-Ho Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hunghom Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China
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Pareek V, Gupta R, Devineau S, Sivasankaran SK, Bhargava A, Khan MA, Srikumar S, Fanning S, Panwar J. Does Silver in Different Forms Affect Bacterial Susceptibility and Resistance? A Mechanistic Perspective. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:801-817. [PMID: 35073697 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The exceptional increase in antibiotic resistance in past decades motivated the scientific community to use silver as a potential antibacterial agent. However, due to its unknown antibacterial mechanism and the pattern of bacterial resistance to silver species, it has not been revolutionized in the health sector. This study deciphers mechanistic aspects of silver species, i.e., ions and lysozyme-coated silver nanoparticles (L-Ag NPs), against E. coli K12 through RNA sequencing analysis. The obtained results support the reservoir nature of nanoparticles for the controlled release of silver ions into bacteria. This study differentiates between the antibacterial mechanism of silver species by discussing the pathway of their entry in bacteria, sequence of events inside cells, and response of bacteria to overcome silver stress. Controlled release of ions from L-Ag NPs not only reduces bacterial growth but also reduces the likelihood of resistance development. Conversely, direct exposure of silver ions, leads to rapid activation of the bacterial defense system leading to development of resistance against silver ions, like the well-known antibiotic resistance problem. These findings provide valuable insight on the mechanism of silver resistance and antibacterial strategies deployed by E. coli K12, which could be a potential target for the generation of aim-based and effective nanoantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Pareek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rinki Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | | | | | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Mohd Azeem Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
| | - Shabrinath Srikumar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, UAE University, Al Ain 15551, UAE
| | - Séamus Fanning
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom
| | - Jitendra Panwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India
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Jayathilaka EHTT, Rajapaksha DC, Nikapitiya C, De Zoysa M, Whang I. Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Peptide Octominin for Controlling Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105353. [PMID: 34069596 PMCID: PMC8161146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a serious nosocomial pathogen with multiple drug resistance (MDR), the control of which has become challenging due to the currently used antibiotics. Our main objective in this study is to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the antimicrobial peptide, Octominin, against MDR A. baumannii and derive its possible modes of actions. Octominin showed significant bactericidal effects at a low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 5 and 10 µg/mL, respectively. Time-kill kinetic analysis and bacterial viability tests revealed that Octominin showed a concentration-dependent antibacterial activity. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis revealed that Octominin treatment altered the morphology and membrane structure of A. baumannii. Propidium iodide (PI) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation assays showed that Octominin increased the membrane permeability and ROS generation in A. baumannii, thereby causing bacterial cell death. Further, a lipopolysaccharides (LPS) binding assay showed an Octominin concentration-dependent LPS neutralization ability. Biofilm formation inhibition and eradication assays further revealed that Octominin inhibited biofilm formation and showed a high biofilm eradication activity against A. baumannii. Furthermore, up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL, Octominin caused no hemolysis and cell viability changes in mammalian cells. An in vivo study in zebrafish showed that the Octominin-treated group had a significantly higher relative percentage survival (54.1%) than the untreated group (16.6%). Additionally, a reduced bacterial load and fewer alterations in histological analysis confirmed the successful control of A. baumannii by Octominin in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that Octominin exhibits significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, and this AMP can be developed further as a potent AMP for the control of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. H. T. Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (E.H.T.T.J.); (D.C.R.); (C.N.)
| | - Dinusha C. Rajapaksha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (E.H.T.T.J.); (D.C.R.); (C.N.)
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (E.H.T.T.J.); (D.C.R.); (C.N.)
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea; (E.H.T.T.J.); (D.C.R.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.Z.); (I.W.)
| | - Ilson Whang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), 75, Jangsan-ro 101 beon-gil, Janghang-eup, Seochun-gun, Chungchungnam-do 33662, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.D.Z.); (I.W.)
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High-Level Antibiotic Tolerance of a Clinically Isolated Enterococcus faecalis Strain. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 87:AEM.02083-20. [PMID: 33097497 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02083-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can survive antibiotic treatment both by acquiring antibiotic resistance genes and through mechanisms of tolerance that are based on phenotypic changes and the formation of metabolically inactive cells. Here, we report an Enterococcus faecalis strain (E. faecalis UM001B) that was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient and had no increase in resistance but extremely high-level tolerance to ampicillin, vancomycin, and tetracycline. Specifically, the percentages of cells that survived 3.5-h antibiotic treatment (at 100 μg · ml-1) were 25.4% ± 4.3% and 51.9% ± 4.0% for ampicillin and tetracycline, respectively; vancomycin did not exhibit any significant killing. Consistent with the changes in antibiotic susceptibility, UM001B was found to have reduced penetration of ampicillin and vancomycin and accumulation of tetracycline compared to the reference strain ATCC 29212. Based on whole-genome sequencing, four amino acid substitutions were identified in one of the tetracycline efflux pump repressors (TetRs), compared to ATCC 29212. Results of molecular simulations and experimental assays revealed that these mutations could lead to higher levels of tetracycline efflux activity. Consistently, replicating these mutations in Escherichia coli MG1655 increased its tolerance to tetracycline. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the development of multidrug tolerance in E. faecalis, which can facilitate future studies to better control enterococcal infections.IMPORTANCE Enterococcus faecalis represents a major group of pathogens causing nosocomial infections that are resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. An important challenge associated with E. faecalis infection is the emergence of multidrug-tolerant strains, which have normal MICs but do not respond to antibiotic treatment. Here, we report a strain of E. faecalis that was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient and demonstrated high-level tolerance to ampicillin, vancomycin, and tetracycline. Whole-genome sequencing revealed critical substitutions in one of the tetracycline efflux pump repressors that are consistent with the increased tolerance of E. faecalis UM001B to tetracycline. These findings provide new information about bacterial antibiotic tolerance and may help develop more effective therapeutics.
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Zheng EJ, Stokes JM, Collins JJ. Eradicating Bacterial Persisters with Combinations of Strongly and Weakly Metabolism-Dependent Antibiotics. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:1544-1552.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Saengsitthisak B, Chaisri W, Punyapornwithaya V, Mektrirat R, Klayraung S, Bernard JK, Pikulkaew S. Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Multidrug-Resistant Aeromonads Isolated from Freshwater Ornamental Fish in Chiang Mai Province. Pathogens 2020; 9:E973. [PMID: 33266430 PMCID: PMC7700646 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials are commonly used to prevent and treat disease in the ornamental fish industry. However, the indiscriminate and comprehensive overuse of unregulated antimicrobials without appropriate diagnostic examination could contribute to the development of antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacterial pathogens. Moreover, human infections caused by pathogens transmitted from fish or the aquatic environment are quite common. The frequent detection of antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish and their environments are inevitable so as to decrease the transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from aquatic sources to other environments. This study evaluated the prevalence of common bacteria species and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile in ornamental fish that were sold in an ornamental fish shop in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Aeromonas spp. were the most dominant of the isolated species from the ornamental fish samples and accounted for 68.09% of the total. Other species detected included Vibrio spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Citrobacter spp. A high percentage of resistance to amoxicillin (93.75%), oxytetracycline (79.69%), and erythromycin (75.00%) was observed among the Aeromonas spp. The antimicrobial resistance information for ornamental fish is very limited, and the results from this study indicate that the Aeromonas spp. are highly resistant to several important antibiotics. The results suggest that additional steps should be taken to educate store owners to reduce the indiscriminate use of these antibiotics to decrease the antimicrobial resistance in ornamental fish to potentially improve public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banthita Saengsitthisak
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand
| | - Wasana Chaisri
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand;
- Epidemiology Research Center of Infectious Disease, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Srikanjana Klayraung
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | - John K. Bernard
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, The University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA;
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (W.C.); (V.P.)
- Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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WITHDRAWN: Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Allium sativum L. from Morocco. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Algammal AM, Hetta HF, Elkelish A, Alkhalifah DHH, Hozzein WN, Batiha GES, El Nahhas N, Mabrok MA. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): One Health Perspective Approach to the Bacterium Epidemiology, Virulence Factors, Antibiotic-Resistance, and Zoonotic Impact. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3255-3265. [PMID: 33061472 PMCID: PMC7519829 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s272733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen and a historically emergent zoonotic pathogen with public health and veterinary importance. In humans, MRSA commonly causes severe infectious diseases, including food poisoning, pyogenic endocarditis, suppurative pneumonia, otitis media, osteomyelitis, and pyogenic infections of the skin, soft tissues. In the horse, MRSA could cause a localized purulent infection and botryomycosis; in cattle and ewe, localized pyogenic infection and severe acute mastitis with marked toxemia; in sheep, abscess disease resembles caseous lymphadenitis caused by anaerobic strains; in dogs and cats, pustular dermatitis and food poisoning; in pig, exudative epidermatitis “greasy pig disease; in birds, MRSA causes bumble-foot. The methicillin resistance could be determined by PCR-based detection of the mecA gene as well as resistance to cefoxitin. In Egypt, MRSA is one of the important occasions of subclinical and clinical bovine mastitis, and the prevalence of MRSA varies by geographical region. In this review, we are trying to illustrate variable data about the host susceptibility, diseases, epidemiology, virulence factors, antibiotic resistance, treatment, and control of MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Dalal Hussien H Alkhalifah
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael N Hozzein
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.,Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Nihal El Nahhas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21515, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Mabrok
- Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.,Fish Infectious Diseases Research Unit (FID RU), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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15
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Kuehl R, Morata L, Meylan S, Mensa J, Soriano A. When antibiotics fail: a clinical and microbiological perspective on antibiotic tolerance and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 75:1071-1086. [PMID: 32016348 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen causing a vast array of infections with significant mortality. Its versatile physiology enables it to adapt to various environments. Specific physiological changes are thought to underlie the frequent failure of antimicrobial therapy despite susceptibility in standard microbiological assays. Bacteria capable of surviving high antibiotic concentrations despite having a genetically susceptible background are described as 'antibiotic tolerant'. In this review, we put current knowledge on environmental triggers and molecular mechanisms of increased antibiotic survival of S. aureus into its clinical context. We discuss animal and clinical evidence of its significance and outline strategies to overcome infections with antibiotic-tolerant S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kuehl
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laura Morata
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvain Meylan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Josep Mensa
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Soriano
- Service of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Enhancement in site-specific delivery of carvacrol for potential treatment of infected wounds using infection responsive nanoparticles loaded into dissolving microneedles: A proof of concept study. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 147:57-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Mir M, Ahmed N, Permana AD, Rodgers AM, Donnelly RF, Rehman A. Enhancement in Site-Specific Delivery of Carvacrol against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Induced Skin Infections Using Enzyme Responsive Nanoparticles: A Proof of Concept Study. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E606. [PMID: 31766227 PMCID: PMC6921059 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced skin infections have become a challenging problem due to the escalating antibiotic resistance. Carvacrol (CAR) has been reported to be effective against MRSA. However, due to its characteristics, CAR exhibits low skin retention. In this study, CAR was formulated into site-specific nanoparticle (NPs) delivery system using poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), following incorporation into a hydrogel matrix to facilitate dermal delivery. The release study exhibited significantly higher release of CAR from PCL NPs in the presence of bacterial lipase, highlighting its potential for differential delivery. Moreover, encapsulation of CAR in PCL NPs resulted in a two-fold increase in its anti-MRSA activity. Dermatokinetic studies revealed that the NPs loaded hydrogel was able to enhance skin retention of CAR after 24 h (83.29 ± 3.15%), compared to free CAR-loaded hydrogel (0.85 ± 0.14%). Importantly, this novel approach exhibited effective antimicrobial activity in an ex-vivo skin infection model. Hence, these findings have proven the concept that the loading of CAR into a responsive NPs system can lead to sustained antimicrobial effect at the desired site, and may provide a novel effective approach for treatment of MRSA induced skin infections. However, further studies must be conducted to investigate in-vivo efficacy of the developed system in an appropriate infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.M.); (N.A.)
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.M.); (N.A.)
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Aoife Maria Rodgers
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; (A.D.P.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Asim.ur. Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.M.); (N.A.)
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18
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Cherdtrakulkiat R, Worachartcheewan A, Tantimavanich S, Lawung R, Sinthupoom N, Prachayasittikul S, Ruchirawat S, Prachayasittikul V. Discovery of novel halogenated 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐based anti‐MRSA agents: In vitro and QSAR studies. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:127-135. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rungrot Cherdtrakulkiat
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Apilak Worachartcheewan
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Srisurang Tantimavanich
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Ratana Lawung
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nujarin Sinthupoom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryChulabhorn Research Institute Bangkok Thailand
- Program in Chemical BiologyChulabhorn Graduate Institute Bangkok Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology, Commission on Higher Education (CHE)Ministry of Education Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical TechnologyMahidol University Bangkok Thailand
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19
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Neo-5,22 E-Cholestadienol Derivatives from Buthus martensii Karsch and Targeted Bactericidal Action Mechanisms. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010072. [PMID: 30587799 PMCID: PMC6337218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and search for new antimicrobial molecules from insects and animals that live in polluted environments is a very important step in the scientific search for solutions to the current problem of antibiotic resistance. Previously, we have reported that the secondary metabolite with the antibacterial action discovered in scorpion. The current study further isolated three new compounds from Buthus martensii karsch, while compounds 1 and 2 possessed 5,22E-cholestadienol derivatives whose structure demonstrated broad spectrum bactericide activities. To explore the antibacterial properties of these new compounds, the result shows that compound 2 inhibited bacterial growth of both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in a bactericidal rather than a bacteriostatic manner (MBC/MIC ratio ≤ 2). Similarly, with compound 1, a ratio of MBC/MIC ≤ 2 indicates bactericidal activity inhibited bacterial growth of P. aeruginosa. Remarkably, this suggests that two compounds can be classified as bactericidal agents against broad spectrum bactericide activities for 5,22E-cholestadienol derivatives from Buthus martensii karsch. The structures of compounds 1–3 were established by comprehensive spectra analysis including two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HRESI-MS) spectra. The antibacterial mechanism is the specific binding (various of bonding forces between molecules) using compound 1 or 2 as a ligand based on the different receptor proteins’—2XRL or 1Q23—active sites from bacterial ribosome unit A, and thus prevent the synthesis of bacterial proteins. This unique mechanism avoids the cross-resistance issues of other antibacterial drugs.
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20
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Identification of Staphylococcus aureus Cellular Pathways Affected by the Stilbenoid Lead Drug SK-03-92 Using a Microarray. Antibiotics (Basel) 2017; 6:antibiotics6030017. [PMID: 28892020 PMCID: PMC5617981 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics6030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action for a new lead stilbene compound coded SK-03-92 with bactericidal activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is unknown. To gain insight into the killing process, transcriptional profiling was performed on SK-03-92 treated vs. untreated S. aureus. Fourteen genes were upregulated and 38 genes downregulated by SK-03-92 treatment. Genes involved in sortase A production, protein metabolism, and transcriptional regulation were upregulated, whereas genes encoding transporters, purine synthesis proteins, and a putative two-component system (SACOL2360 (MW2284) and SACOL2361 (MW2285)) were downregulated by SK-03-92 treatment. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses validated upregulation of srtA and tdk as well as downregulation of the MW2284/MW2285 and purine biosynthesis genes in the drug-treated population. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of MW2284 and MW2285 mutants compared to wild-type cells demonstrated that the srtA gene was upregulated by both putative two-component regulatory gene mutants compared to the wild-type strain. Using a transcription profiling technique, we have identified several cellular pathways regulated by SK-03-92 treatment, including a putative two-component system that may regulate srtA and other genes that could be tied to the SK-03-92 mechanism of action, biofilm formation, and drug persisters.
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21
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Sweeney D, Shinabarger DL, Arhin FF, Belley A, Moeck G, Pillar CM. Comparative in vitro activity of oritavancin and other agents against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 87:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Tótoli EG, Garg S, Salgado HRN. Daptomycin: Physicochemical, Analytical, and Pharmacological Properties. Ther Drug Monit 2016; 37:699-710. [PMID: 26020161 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Daptomycin is the first approved member of a new class of antimicrobials, the cyclic lipopeptides, and presents selective action against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant strains. Considering that resistance to daptomycin is rare, the drug has become very important for current clinical practice. This review covers daptomycin's physicochemical characteristics, antibacterial spectrum, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical applications, side effects, drug interactions, and the analytical methods used to measure daptomycin in pharmaceutical products and biologic samples. Special attention has been given to therapeutic drug monitoring reports, as studies have shown its highly variable pharmacokinetics in specific circumstances, such as in patients suffering from critical illness, morbid obesity, severe sepsis, and kidney injury. For the same reason, methods described for therapeutic drug monitoring of daptomycin in the special patient population have been reviewed. In addition, the review presents a discussion of environmentally friendly analytical methods for daptomycin, which are necessary to reduce the impact of our activities on the environment. However, it was observed that there is a gap in the literature in this regard and further research involving the development of "green" methodologies for the analysis of daptomycin is necessary. The review will be useful to the clinical community in assisting with the responsible use of daptomycin, which is critical to prevent the emergence of resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Gandolpho Tótoli
- *School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, Brazil; and †Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation and Development (CPID), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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23
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Gonzalez-Ruiz A, Seaton RA, Hamed K. Daptomycin: an evidence-based review of its role in the treatment of Gram-positive infections. Infect Drug Resist 2016; 9:47-58. [PMID: 27143941 PMCID: PMC4846043 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s99046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens remain a major public health burden and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Increasing rates of infection with Gram-positive bacteria and the emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics have led to the need for novel antibiotics. Daptomycin, a cyclic lipopeptide with rapid bactericidal activity against a wide range of Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, has been shown to be effective and has a good safety profile for the approved indications of complicated skin and soft tissue infections (4 mg/kg/day), right-sided infective endocarditis caused by S. aureus, and bacteremia associated with complicated skin and soft tissue infections or right-sided infective endocarditis (6 mg/kg/day). Based on its pharmacokinetic profile and concentration-dependent bactericidal activity, high-dose (>6 mg/kg/day) daptomycin is considered an important treatment option in the management of various difficult-to-treat Gram-positive infections. Although daptomycin resistance has been documented, it remains uncommon despite the increasing use of daptomycin. To enhance activity and to minimize resistance, daptomycin in combination with other antibiotics has also been explored and found to be beneficial in certain severe infections. The availability of daptomycin via a 2-minute intravenous bolus facilitates its outpatient administration, providing an opportunity to reduce risk of health care-associated infections, improve patient satisfaction, and minimize health care costs. Daptomycin, not currently approved for use in the pediatric population, has been shown to be widely used for treating Gram-positive infections in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kamal Hamed
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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24
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Renata CCEAA, Paula FFDM, Isabel RADS, Cl eacute bia MADA, Ana PSRADS, Vera LUCDML, Maria TDSC, M aacute rcia VDS, Alexandre GDS. Antimicrobial activity of seaweeds of Pernambuco, northeastern coast of Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2015.7616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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25
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Protective Effects of Cilastatin against Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:704382. [PMID: 26504822 PMCID: PMC4609390 DOI: 10.1155/2015/704382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin is a very effective antibiotic for treatment of severe infections. However, its use in clinical practice is limited by nephrotoxicity. Cilastatin is a dehydropeptidase I inhibitor that acts on the brush border membrane of the proximal tubule to prevent accumulation of imipenem and toxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of cilastatin on vancomycin-induced apoptosis and toxicity in cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs). Porcine RPTECs were cultured in the presence of vancomycin with and without cilastatin. Vancomycin induced dose-dependent apoptosis in cultured RPTECs, with DNA fragmentation, cell detachment, and a significant decrease in mitochondrial activity. Cilastatin prevented apoptotic events and diminished the antiproliferative effect and severe morphological changes induced by vancomycin. Cilastatin also improved the long-term recovery and survival of RPTECs exposed to vancomycin and partially attenuated vancomycin uptake by RPTECs. On the other hand, cilastatin had no effects on vancomycin-induced necrosis or the bactericidal effect of the antibiotic. This study indicates that cilastatin protects against vancomycin-induced proximal tubule apoptosis and increases cell viability, without compromising the antimicrobial effect of vancomycin. The beneficial effect could be attributed, at least in part, to decreased accumulation of vancomycin in RPTECs.
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26
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Kaur DC, Chate SS. Study of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus with Special Reference to Newer Antibiotic. J Glob Infect Dis 2015; 7:78-84. [PMID: 26069428 PMCID: PMC4448330 DOI: 10.4103/0974-777x.157245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide epidemic of antibiotic resistance is in danger of ending the golden age of antibiotic therapy. Resistance impacts on all areas of medicine, and is making successful empirical therapy much more difficult to achieve. Staphylococcus aureus demonstrates a unique ability to quickly respond to each new antibiotic with the development of a resistance mechanism, starting with penicillin, until the most recent, linezolid and daptomycin. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has become endemic today in hospitals worldwide. Resistance to the newer antimicrobial-agents — linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and daptomycin are been reported and also the fear of pandrug-resistance. This study was carried out to know the antimicrobial resistant pattern of MRSA to newer antibiotic, to know any isolates are extensively-drug resistant (XDR)/pandrug resistant (PDR), inducible macrolide-lincosamide streptogramin B (iMLSB), and mupirocin resistance. Thirty-six MRSA isolates resistant to the routinely tested antibiotic were further tested for list of antibiotic by a group of international experts. Isolates were tested for iMLSB and mupirocin resistance by the disk diffusion method. Of 385 MRSA, 36 (9.35%) isolates of MRSA were resistant to the routinely tested antibiotic. Among these 36 MRSA isolates, none of our isolates were XDR/PDR or showed resistant to anti-MRSA cephalosporins (ceftaroline), phosphonic acids, glycopeptides, glycylcyclines, and fucidanes. Lower resistance was seen in oxazolidinones (2.78%), streptogramins (5.56%), lipopeptide (5.56%). Thirty-four (94.44%) isolates showed constitutive MLSB (cMLSB) resistance and two (5.56%) iMLSB phenotypes. High- and low-level mupirocin resistance were seen in 13 (36.11%) and six (16.67%), respectively. In our study, none of our isolates were XDR or PDR. No resistance was observed to ceftaroline, telavancin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin; but the presence of linezolid resistance (1, 2.28%) and daptomycin resistance (2, 5.56%) in our rural set-up is a cause of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dardi Charan Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College, Talegaon, Dabhade, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Sanjay Chate
- Department of Microbiology, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research Medical College, Talegaon, Dabhade, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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27
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Cázares-Domínguez V, Cruz-Córdova A, Ochoa SA, Escalona G, Arellano-Galindo J, Rodríguez-Leviz A, Hernández-Castro R, López-Villegas EO, Xicohtencatl-Cortes J. Vancomycin tolerant, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus reveals the effects of vancomycin on cell wall thickening. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118791. [PMID: 25793280 PMCID: PMC4368777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important opportunistic pathogen that causes both healthcare- and community-acquired infections. An increase in the incidence of these infections may lead to a substantial change in the rate of vancomycin usage. Incidence of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin has been increasing worldwide for the last few years, conferring different levels of resistance to vancomycin as well as producing changes in the cell wall structure. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of vancomycin on cell wall thickening in clinical isolates of vancomycin-tolerant (VT) MRSA obtained from pediatric patients. From a collection of 100 MRSA clinical isolates from pediatric patients, 12% (12/100) were characterized as VT-MRSA, and from them, 41.66% (5/12) exhibited the heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) phenotype. Multiplex-PCR assays revealed 66.66% (8/12), 25% (3/12), and 8.33% (1/12) of the VT-MRSA isolates were associated with agr group II, I, and III polymorphisms, respectively; the II-mec gene was amplified from 83.3% (10/12) of the isolates, and the mecIVa gene was amplified from 16.66% (2/12) of the isolates. Pulsed field electrophoresis (PFGE) fingerprint analysis showed 62% similarity among the VT-MRSA isolates. Thin transverse sections analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an average increase of 24 nm (105.55%) in the cell wall thickness of VT-MRSA compared with untreated VT-MRSA isolates. In summary, these data revealed that the thickened cell walls of VT-MRSA clinical isolates with agr type II and SCCmec group II polymorphisms are associated with an adaptive resistance to vancomycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicenta Cázares-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., México
| | - Ariadnna Cruz-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., México
| | - Sara A. Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., México
| | - Gerardo Escalona
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., México
| | - José Arellano-Galindo
- Departamento de Infectología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., México
| | - Alejandra Rodríguez-Leviz
- Laboratorio de Patología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., México
| | - Rigoberto Hernández-Castro
- Departamento de Ecología de Agentes Patógenos. Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea González”, Delegación Tlalpan, México D.F., México
| | - Edgar O. López-Villegas
- Laboratorio Central de Microscopia. Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. De Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N Col. Santo Tomás, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, México D.F., México
| | - Juan Xicohtencatl-Cortes
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología Intestinal, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México D.F., México
- * E-mail:
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Characterization of high-level daptomycin resistance in Viridans group Streptococci developed upon in vitro exposure to daptomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:2102-12. [PMID: 25624330 DOI: 10.1128/aac.04219-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viridans group streptococci (VGS) are part of the normal flora that may cause bacteremia, often leading to endocarditis. We evaluated daptomycin against four clinical strains of VGS (MICs = 1 or 2 μg/ml) using an in vitro-simulated endocardial vegetation model, a simulated bacteremia model, and kill curves. Daptomycin exposure was simulated at 6 mg/kg of body weight and 8 mg/kg every 24 h for endocardial and bacteremia models. Total drug concentrations were used for analyses containing protein (albumin and pooled human serum), and free (unbound) drug concentrations (93% protein bound) were used for analyses not containing protein. Daptomycin MICs in the presence of protein were significantly higher than those in the absence of protein. Despite MICs below or at the susceptible breakpoint, all daptomycin regimens demonstrated limited kill in both pharmacodynamic models. A reduction of approximately 1 to 2 log10 CFU was seen for all isolates and dosages except daptomycin at 6 mg/kg, which achieved a reduction of 2.7 log10 CFU/g against one strain (Streptococcus gordonii 1649) in the endocardial model. Activity was similar in both pharmacodynamic models in the presence or absence of protein. Similar activity was noted in the kill curves over all multiples of the MIC. Regrowth by 24 h was seen even at 8× MIC. Postexposure daptomycin MICs for both pharmacodynamic models increased to >256 μg/ml for all isolates by 24 and 72 h. Despite susceptibility to daptomycin by standard MIC methods, these VGS developed high-level daptomycin resistance (HLDR) after a short duration following drug exposure not attributed to modification or inactivation of daptomycin. Further evaluation is warranted to determine the mechanism of resistance and clinical implications.
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Raya-Cruz M, Ferullo I, Arrizabalaga-Asenjo M, Nadal-Nadal A, Díaz-Antolín MP, Garau-Colom M, Payeras-Cifre A. Infecciones de piel y partes blandas en pacientes hospitalizados: factores epidemiológicos, microbiológicos, clínicos y pronósticos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2014; 32:152-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Bugs, hosts and ICU environment: countering pan-resistance in nosocomial microbiota and treating bacterial infections in the critical care setting. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 61:e1-e19. [PMID: 24492197 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
ICUs are areas where resistance problems are the largest, and these constitute a major problem for the intensivist's clinical practice. Main resistance phenotypes among nosocomial microbiota are (i) vancomycin-resistance/heteroresistance and tolerance in grampositives (MRSA, enterococci) and (ii) efflux pumps/enzymatic resistance mechanisms (ESBLs, AmpC, metallo-betalactamases) in gramnegatives. These phenotypes are found at different rates in pathogens causing respiratory (nosocomial pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia), bloodstream (primary bacteremia/catheter-associated bacteremia), urinary, intraabdominal and surgical wound infections and endocarditis in the ICU. New antibiotics are available to overcome non-susceptibility in grampositives; however, accumulation of resistance traits in gramnegatives has led to multidrug resistance, a worrisome problem nowadays. This article reviews microorganism/infection risk factors for multidrug resistance, suggesting adequate empirical treatments. Drugs, patient and environmental factors all play a role in the decision to prescribe/recommend antibiotic regimens in the specific ICU patient, implying that intensivists should be familiar with available drugs, environmental epidemiology and patient factors.
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Ohlsen K. Novel antibiotics for the treatment ofStaphylococcus aureus. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 2:661-72. [DOI: 10.1586/ecp.09.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Sader H, Moet G, Jones R. Antimicrobial Resistance among Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated in Latin American Hospitals. J Chemother 2013; 21:611-20. [DOI: 10.1179/joc.2009.21.6.611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Gonzalez N, Sevillano D, Alou L, Cafini F, Gimenez MJ, Gomez-Lus ML, Prieto J, Aguilar L. Influence of the MBC/MIC ratio on the antibacterial activity of vancomycin versus linezolid against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in a pharmacodynamic model simulating serum and soft tissue interstitial fluid concentrations reported in diabetic patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68:2291-5. [PMID: 23674766 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore serum and tissue pharmacodynamics of linezolid versus vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates with different MBC/MIC ratios. METHODS Five strains (vancomycin MIC/MBCs, mg/L) were used: TOL-1 (2/≥64), TOL-2 (1/16), LT-1 and LT-2 (1/8) and NT (1/2). The linezolid MIC/MBC for all strains was 2/≥64 mg/L. A two-compartment dynamic computerized device was used (inocula 10(7) cfu/mL). Free concentrations obtained in serum and interstitial fluid with twice-daily regimens of 1 g of vancomycin or 600 mg of linezolid were simulated over 48 h. ABBCs (differences between control growth curves and killing curves of bacteria exposed to antibiotics; log10 cfu × h/mL) and log10 reductions in initial inocula were calculated. RESULTS In serum simulations, vancomycin (AUC0-24/MIC = 251.8 for TOL-1 and 503.6 for the remaining strains) was bacteriostatic against strains with MBC/MIC ≥8, but bactericidal against NT. In interstitial fluid simulations (AUC0-24/MIC = 54.6 for TOL-1 and 109.2 for the remaining strains), initial inocula grew in all cases. Linezolid, both in serum (AUC0-24/MIC = 87.0) and in interstitial fluid (AUC0-24/MIC = 130.6) simulations, reduced initial inocula ≥2.2 log10 for all strains (apart from LT-1 in serum simulations that showed a bacteriostatic profile). ABBCs were similar in serum and interstitial fluid with linezolid, but significantly lower in interstitial fluid simulations with vancomycin. CONCLUSIONS From the pharmacodynamic perspective (serum concentrations), vancomycin tolerance should include MBC/MIC ≥8 since strains exhibiting this ratio showed bacteriostatic profiles similar to those obtained with isolates with MBC/MIC ratios of 16 or 32. Insufficient concentrations of vancomycin at the simulated infected site were linked to bacteriological failure. Free concentrations of linezolid at the infection site pharmacodynamically covered MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gonzalez
- Microbiology Unit, Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Wang JT, Wu HS, Weng CM, Hsu LY, Wang FD. Prognosis of patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection treated with teicoplanin: a retrospective cohort study investigating effect of teicoplanin minimum inhibitory concentrations. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:182. [PMID: 23601053 PMCID: PMC3637324 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present study was designed to investigate whether teicoplanin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates play a role in the prognosis of patient with teicoplanin-treated MRSA bloodstream infection (BSI). Methods Between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2009, adult patients with teicoplanin-treated MRSA BSI in two Taiwan medical centers were retrospectively enrolled. Their blood MRSA isolates were submitted for determination of MICs to various antibiotics and multi-locus sequence types. All-cause mortalities on Days 14 and 30, as well as clinical response at the end of teicoplanin therapy were treated as endpoints. Results Two hundred seventy adult patients were enrolled and 210 blood MRSA isolates were available. Independent risk factors for un-favorable outcome at the end of teicoplanin therapy included septic shock (p < 0.0001) and an elevated C-reactive protein level (p = 0.0064). The independent risk factors for all-cause Day 14 mortality (13.0%) included the presence of auto-immune diseases (p = 0.0235), septic shock (p = 0.0253) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0018). The independent risk factors for all-cause Day 30 mortality (26.3%) included age (p = 0.0102), septic shock (p < 0.0001) and thrombocytopenia (p = 0.0059). Conclusions The current study didn’t find a significant role for teicoplanin MICs in the prognosis of adult patients with teicoplanin-treated MRSA BSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jann-Tay Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Lin S, Wu JH, Jia HQ, Hao LM, Wang RZ, Qi JC. Facile preparation and antibacterial properties of cationic polymers derived from 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra43525c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Daptomicina en el contexto de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos en bacterias grampositivas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30 Suppl 1:10-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(12)70066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tratamiento con daptomicina en las infecciones complicadas de piel y partes blandas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30 Suppl 1:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s0213-005x(12)70069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Quist S, Fierlbeck G, Seaton R, Loeffler J, Chaves R. Comparative randomised clinical trial against glycopeptides supports the use of daptomycin as first-line treatment of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 39:90-1. [PMID: 21982144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Moscoso M, Domenech M, García E. Vancomycin tolerance in Gram-positive cocci. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2011; 3:640-650. [PMID: 23761352 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antimicrobial agent, represents the last line of defence against a wide range of multi-resistant Gram-positive pathogens such as enterococci, staphylococci and streptococci. However, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and staphylococci, along with vancomycin-tolerant clinical isolates, are compromising the therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin. It is conceivable that tolerance may emerge during prolonged vancomycin use. It has not been until recently, however, that the molecular basis of this tolerance began to be understood. Superoxide anions might be involved in the bactericidal activity of vancomycin in enterococci, and recent evidence suggests that the stringent response is partly responsible for vancomycin tolerance in Enterococcus faecalis. The mechanism of vancomycin tolerance in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae is sometimes associated with a reduction of autolysin activity. Vancomycin tolerance in S. aureus and S. pneumoniae also appears to be somehow related with the two-component regulatory systems linked to cell envelope stress, although the precise molecular regulatory pathways remain poorly defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Moscoso
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular y Biología de las Infecciones, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC) and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Comparative activities of daptomycin and several agents against staphylococcal blood isolates. Glycopeptide tolerance. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 70:373-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pasticci MB, Moretti A, Stagni G, Ravasio V, Soavi L, Raglio A, Vailati F, Cardaccia A, Santucci A, Papili R, Sgrelli A, Pallotto C, Baldelli F. Bactericidal activity of oxacillin and glycopeptides against Staphylococcus aureus in patients with endocarditis: looking for a relationship between tolerance and outcome. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2011; 10:26. [PMID: 21658248 PMCID: PMC3126696 DOI: 10.1186/1476-0711-10-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is no clear relationship between in vitro bactericidal activity tests and clinical outcome. We studied bactericidal activity of oxacillin, vancomycin and teicoplanin against Staphylococcus aureus isolates in patients with endocarditis and then we sought to determine if there was a relationship between in vitro bactericidal activity and clinical outcome. Methods Minimal bacteriostatic and minimal bactericidal concentrations were determined for Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with endocarditis following standardized methods. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively to collect data on antimicrobial susceptibility at admission, antimicrobial therapy, need for surgery, embolic events and outcome. Results and Discussion Sixty-two Staphylococcus aureus strains were studied in 62 patients with endocarditis. Overall, 91.9% definite, 21% methicillin resistant and 72.6% cured. Surgery was performed in 32.3% and embolic events were documented in 64.5%. Tolerance to oxacillin and teicoplanin was more common than vancomycin tolerance among methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Among methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus teicoplanin was shown to have a higher rate of tolerance than vancomycin. No statistically significant differences on clinical outcome between oxacillin tolerant and oxacillin non tolerant Staphylococcus aureus infections were observed. Tolerance to oxacillin did not adversely affect clinical outcomes of patients with methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis treated with a combination of antimicrobials including oxacillin. The cure rate was significantly lower among patients with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis. Conclusions In vitro bactericidal test results were not valid predictors of clinical outcome. Physicians need to use additional parameters when treating patients with staphylococcal endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bruna Pasticci
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Cercenado E. Actualización en las resistencias de las bacterias grampositivas. Med Clin (Barc) 2010; 135 Suppl 3:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s0025-7753(10)70035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Torrico M, Giménez MJ, González N, Alou L, Sevillano D, Cafini F, Prieto J, Cleeland R, Aguilar L. Bactericidal activity of daptomycin versus vancomycin in the presence of human albumin against vancomycin-susceptible but tolerant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1-2microg/mL. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 35:131-7. [PMID: 20006469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the influence of vancomycin tolerance and protein binding on the bactericidal activity of vancomycin versus daptomycin (protein binding 36.9% vs. 91.7%, respectively) against four vancomycin-tolerant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [minimum inhibitory concentration/minimum bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC)=0.5/16, 1/32, 2/32 and 1/32microg/mL for vancomycin and 1/1, 1/2, 2/2 and 2/4microg/mL for daptomycin]. Killing curves were performed with vancomycin/daptomycin concentrations equal to serum peak concentrations (C(max)) (65.70/98.60microg/mL) and trough concentrations (C(min)) (7.90/9.13microg/mL) in the presence and absence of a physiological human albumin concentration (4g/dL), controlled with curves with the theoretical free drug fraction of vancomycin/daptomycin C(max) (41.45/8.18microg/mL) and C(min) (4.98/0.76microg/mL). Vancomycin C(max) and C(min) concentrations, regardless of the media, showed a bacteriostatic profile not reaching a reduction of 99% or 99.9% of the initial inocula during the 24-h experimental time period. Daptomycin antibacterial profiles significantly differed when testing C(max) and C(min). C(max) was rapidly bactericidal (< or =4h) with >5 log(10) reduction in the initial inocula for all strains, regardless of the presence or not of albumin or the use of concentrations similar to free C(max). C(min) exhibited similar final colony counts at 0h and 24h in curves with albumin, but with >3 log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL reduction at < or =4h for strains with an MIC of 1microg/mL and ca. 2 logCFU/mL reduction at < or =6h for strains with an MIC of 2microg/mL. This activity was significantly higher than the activity of the free C(min) fraction. The results of this study reinforce the idea that pharmacodynamics using concentrations calculated using reported protein binding are unreliable. Daptomycin exhibited rapid antibacterial activity against vancomycin-tolerant MRSA isolates even against those with high daptomycin MICs in the presence of physiological albumin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Torrico
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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