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Mali SN, Anand A, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Jawarkar RD, Pandey A, Kuznetsov A. Theoretical and Anti- Klebsiella pneumoniae Evaluations of Substituted 2,7-dimethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-3-carboxamide and Imidazopyridine Hydrazide Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062801. [PMID: 36985773 PMCID: PMC10051578 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of multistep synthesis protocols was adopted to synthesize substituted imidazopyridines (IMPs) (SM-IMP-01 to SM-IMP-13, and DA-01-05). All substituted IMPs were then characterized using standard spectroscopic techniques such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, elemental analyses, and mass spectrometry. Our both in vitro qualitative and quantitative results for antibacterial analysis, against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 suggested that all compounds essentially exhibited activity against selected strains of bacteria. Our DFT analyses suggested that the compounds of the SM-IMP-01-SM-IMP-13 series have HOMO/LUMO gaps within 4.43-4.69 eV, whereas the compounds of the DA-01-DA-05 series have smaller values of the HOMO/LUMO gaps, 3.24-4.17 eV. The lowest value of the global hardness and the highest value of the global softness, 2.215 and 0.226 eV, respectively, characterize the compound SM-IMP-02; thus, it is the most reactive compound in the imidazopyridine carboxamide series (except hydrazide series). This compound also depicted lesser MIC values against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051 as 4.8 µg/mL, each. In terms of another series, hydrazide DA-05 depicted strong antimicrobial actions (MIC: 4.8 µg/mL against both bacterial strains) and also had the lowest energy gap (3.24 eV), higher softness (0.309 eV), and lesser hardness (1.62 eV). Overall, when we compare qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial results, it is been very clear that compounds with dibromo substitutions on imidazopyridine (IMP) rings would act as better antimicrobial agents than those with -H at the eighth position on the IMP ring. Furthermore, substituents of higher electronegativities would tend to enhance the biological activities of dibromo-IMP compounds. DFT properties were also well comparable to this trend and overall, we can say that the electronic behavior of compounds under investigation has key roles in their bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj N Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Amit Anand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul D Jawarkar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Dr. Rajendra Gode Institute of Pharmacy, University Mardi Road, Amravati 444603, India
| | - Anima Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Aleksey Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Santiago 7660251, Chile
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2
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Miotto P, Sorrentino R, De Giorgi S, Provvedi R, Cirillo DM, Manganelli R. Transcriptional regulation and drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:990312. [PMID: 36118045 PMCID: PMC9480834 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.990312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial drug resistance is one of the major challenges to present and future human health, as the continuous selection of multidrug resistant bacteria poses at serious risk the possibility to treat infectious diseases in the near future. One of the infection at higher risk to become incurable is tuberculosis, due to the few drugs available in the market against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug resistance in this species is usually due to point mutations in the drug target or in proteins required to activate prodrugs. However, another interesting and underexplored aspect of bacterial physiology with important impact on drug susceptibility is represented by the changes in transcriptional regulation following drug exposure. The main regulators involved in this phenomenon in M. tuberculosis are the sigma factors, and regulators belonging to the WhiB, GntR, XRE, Mar and TetR families. Better understanding the impact of these regulators in survival to drug treatment might contribute to identify new drug targets and/or to design new strategies of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Miotto
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Div. of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Div. of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano De Giorgi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Div. of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Manganelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Manganelli,
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3
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Mauran S, Perera NT, Perera IC. MxyR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Responds to Xylan; an Unusual Ligand for a MarR Family Transcriptional Regulator. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Sartor P, Bock J, Hennecke U, Thierbach S, Fetzner S. Modification of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin 2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one and other secondary metabolites by methyltransferases from mycobacteria. FEBS J 2020; 288:2360-2376. [PMID: 33064871 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most prevalent species in infections of the cystic fibrosis lung, produces a range of secondary metabolites, among them the respiratory toxin 2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one (2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, HQNO). Cultures of the emerging cystic fibrosis pathogen Mycobacteroides abscessus detoxify HQNO by methylating the N-hydroxy moiety. In this study, the class I methyltransferase MAB_2834c and its orthologue from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rv0560c, were identified as HQNO O-methyltransferases. The P. aeruginosa exoproducts 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one (DHQ), 2-heptylquinolin-4(1H)-one (HHQ), and 2-heptyl-3-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one (the 'Pseudomonas quinolone signal', PQS), some structurally related (iso)quinolones, and the flavonol quercetin were also methylated; however, HQNO was by far the preferred substrate. Both enzymes converted a benzimidazole[1,2-a]pyridine-4-carbonitrile-based compound, representing the scaffold of antimycobacterial substances, to an N-methylated derivative. We suggest that these promiscuous methyltransferases, newly termed as heterocyclic toxin methyltransferases (Htm), are involved in cellular response to chemical stress and possibly contribute to resistance of mycobacteria toward antimicrobial natural compounds as well as drugs. Thus, synthetic antimycobacterial agents may be designed to be unamenable to methyl transfer. ENZYMES: S-adenosyl-l-methionine:2-heptyl-1-hydroxyquinolin-4(1H)-one O-methyl-transferase, EC 2.1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Sartor
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Bock
- Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Hennecke
- Organic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry and Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Thierbach
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Fetzner
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Germany
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5
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Chiarelli LR, Salina EG, Mori G, Azhikina T, Riabova O, Lepioshkin A, Grigorov A, Forbak M, Madacki J, Orena BS, Manfredi M, Gosetti F, Buzzi A, Degiacomi G, Sammartino JC, Marengo E, Korduláková J, Riccardi G, Mikušová K, Makarov V, Pasca MR. New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of the Thienopyrimidine Antitubercular Prodrug TP053. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:313-323. [PMID: 31729215 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The thienopyrimidine TP053 is an antitubercular prodrug active against both replicating and nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) cells, which requires activation by the mycothiol-dependent nitroreductase Mrx2. The investigation of the mechanism of action of TP053 revealed that Mrx2 releases nitric oxide from this drug both in the enzyme assays with purified Mrx2 and in mycobacterial cultures, which can explain its activity against nonreplicating bacilli, similar to pretomanid activated by the nitroreductase Ddn. In addition, we identified a highly reactive metabolite, 2-(4-mercapto-6-(methylamino)-2-phenylpyrimidin-5-yl)ethan-1-ol, which can contribute to the antimycobacterial effects on replicating cells as well as on nonreplicating cells. In summary, we explain the mechanism of action of TP053 on both replicating and nonreplicating M. tuberculosis and report a novel activity for Mrx2, which in addition to Ddn, represents another example of nitroreductase releasing nitric oxide from its substrate. These findings are particularly relevant in the context of drugs targeting nonreplicating M. tuberculosis, which is shown to be killed by increased levels of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent R. Chiarelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Elena G. Salina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Giorgia Mori
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Tatyana Azhikina
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Riabova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Alexander Lepioshkin
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Artem Grigorov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 16/10, Miklukho-Maklaya Street, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Martin Forbak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Jan Madacki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Beatrice Silvia Orena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases, University of Piemonte Orientale, Corso Trieste 15, Novara 28100, Italy
- ISALIT, Spin-off of Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, Via A. Canobio 4/6, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Arianna Buzzi
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - José Camilla Sammartino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, Viale Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Jana Korduláková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Giovanna Riccardi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Katarína Mikušová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, CH1, Bratislava SK-842 15, Slovakia
| | - Vadim Makarov
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 33-2, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Maria Rosalia Pasca
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Tung QN, Busche T, Van Loi V, Kalinowski J, Antelmann H. The redox-sensing MarR-type repressor HypS controls hypochlorite and antimicrobial resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 147:252-261. [PMID: 31887453 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MarR-family transcription factors often control antioxidant enzymes, multidrug efflux pumps or virulence factors in bacterial pathogens and confer resistance towards oxidative stress and antibiotics. In this study, we have characterized the function and redox-regulatory mechanism of the MarR-type regulator HypS in Mycobacterium smegmatis. RNA-seq transcriptomics and qRT-PCR analyses of the hypS mutant revealed that hypS is autoregulated and represses transcription of the co-transcribed hypO gene which encodes a multidrug efflux pump. DNA binding activity of HypS to the 8-5-8 bp inverted repeat sequence upstream of the hypSO operon was inhibited under NaOCl stress. However, the HypSC58S mutant protein was not impaired in DNA-binding under NaOCl stress in vitro, indicating an important role of Cys58 in redox sensing of NaOCl stress. HypS was shown to be inactivated by Cys58-Cys58' intersubunit disulfide formation under HOCl stress, resulting in derepression of hypO transcription. Phenotype results revealed that the HypS regulon confers resistance towards HOCl, rifampicin and erythromycin stress. In conclusion, HypS was identified as a novel redox-sensitive repressor that contributes to mycobacterial resistance towards HOCl stress and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quach Ngoc Tung
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vu Van Loi
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec), Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Li H, Chen T, Yu L, Guo H, Chen L, Chen Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Yan H, Zhou L, Wang W. Genome‐wide DNA methylation and transcriptome and proteome changes in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
with para‐aminosalicylic acid resistance. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 95:104-112. [PMID: 31562690 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐cheng Li
- Reference Laboratory Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Tao Chen
- Reference Laboratory Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Li Yu
- Reference Laboratory Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Hui‐xin Guo
- Reference Laboratory Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Liang Chen
- Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Yu‐hui Chen
- Outpatient Office Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Mu Chen
- Department of Respiration The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jiao Zhao
- Medical College of Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | | | - Lin Zhou
- Centre for Tuberculosis Control of Guangdong Province Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Forth People's Hospital of Foshan Foshan China
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8
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Gong Z, Li H, Cai Y, Stojkoska A, Xie J. Biology of MarR family transcription factors and implications for targets of antibiotics against tuberculosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19237-19248. [PMID: 31012115 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and increased incidence of HIV coinfection fueled the difficulty in controlling tuberculosis (TB). MarR (multiple antibiotic resistance regulator) family transcription factors can regulate marRAB operon and are involved in resistance to multiple environmental stresses. We have summarized the structure, function, distribution, and regulation of the MarR family proteins, as well as their implications for novel targets for antibiotics, especially for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gong
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhua Cai
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Andrea Stojkoska
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Matern WM, Rifat D, Bader JS, Karakousis PC. Gene Enrichment Analysis Reveals Major Regulators of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Gene Expression in Two Models of Antibiotic Tolerance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:610. [PMID: 29670589 PMCID: PMC5893760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic tolerance is believed to be a major factor in the lengthy duration of current tuberculosis therapies. In the current study, we have modeled antibiotic tolerance in vitro by exposing Mycobacterium tuberculosis to two distinct stress conditions: progressive hypoxia and nutrient starvation [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)]. We then studied the bacterial transcriptional response using RNA-seq and employed a bioinformatics approach to identify important transcriptional regulators, which was facilitated by a novel Regulon Enrichment Test (RET). A total of 17 transcription factor (TF) regulons were enriched in the hypoxia gene set and 16 regulons were enriched in the nutrient starvation, with 12 regulons enriched in both conditions. Using the same approach to analyze previously published gene expression datasets, we found that three M. tuberculosis regulons (Rv0023, SigH, and Crp) were commonly induced in both stress conditions and were also among the regulons enriched in our data. These regulators are worthy of further study to determine their potential role in the development and maintenance of antibiotic tolerance in M. tuberculosis following stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Matern
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dalin Rifat
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and High-Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petros C Karakousis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Sekyere JO, Asante J. Emerging mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and fungi: advances in the era of genomics. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:241-262. [PMID: 29319341 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and fungi continue to develop new ways to adapt and survive the lethal or biostatic effects of antimicrobials through myriad mechanisms. Novel antibiotic resistance genes such as lsa(C), erm(44), VCC-1, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, bla KLUC-3 and bla KLUC-4 were discovered through comparative genomics and further functional studies. As well, mutations in genes that hitherto were unknown to confer resistance to antimicrobials, such as trm, PP2C, rpsJ, HSC82, FKS2 and Rv2887, were shown by genomics and transcomplementation assays to mediate antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida glabrata and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Thus, genomics, transcriptomics and metagenomics, coupled with functional studies are the future of antimicrobial resistance research and novel drug discovery or design.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Osei Sekyere
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Asante
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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11
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Gamngoen R, Putim C, Salee P, Phunpae P, Butr-Indr B. A comparison of Rv0559c and Rv0560c expression in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in response to first-line antituberculosis drugs. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2017. [PMID: 29523329 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major health problem worldwide. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can progress to be mono-drug resistant or multi-drug resistant by improper treatment. The chemical stress of M. tuberculosis was performed in this study. Rv0559c is an unknown secreted protein. Rv0560c is a putative benzoquinone methyltransferase of M. tuberculosis cell. Rv0559c gene is located downstream of Rv0560c gene. Both genes respond to salicylate stress. Drug susceptible, isoniazid resistant, rifampicin resistant and multi-drug resistant phenotypes of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates were used to determine the expression of Rv0559c and Rv0560c by qRT-PCR. In all of mycobacteria strains there was up-regulation in both genes when stressed with isoniazid. This study determined the expression of both genes, which may play important roles in the drug resistance mechanism of mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratikorn Gamngoen
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chanyanuch Putim
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Parichat Salee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Ponrut Phunpae
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Bordin Butr-Indr
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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12
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Structural analysis of the regulatory mechanism of MarR protein Rv2887 in M. tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6471. [PMID: 28743871 PMCID: PMC5526998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MarR family proteins are transcriptional regulators that control expression of bacterial proteins involved in metabolism, virulence, stress responses and multi-drug resistance, mainly via ligand-mediated attenuation of DNA binding. Greater understanding of their underlying regulatory mechanism may open up new avenues for the effective treatment of bacterial infections. To gain molecular insight into the mechanism of Rv2887, a MarR family protein in M. tuberculosis, we first showed that it binds salicylate (SA) and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), its structural analogue and an antitubercular drug, in a 1:1 stoichiometry with high affinity. Subsequent determination and analysis of Rv2887 crystal structures in apo form, and in complex with SA, PAS and DNA showed that SA and PAS bind to Rv2887 at similar sites, and that Rv2887 interacts with DNA mainly by insertion of helix α4 into the major groove. Ligand binding triggers rotation of the wHTH domain of Rv2887 toward the dimerization domain, causing changes in protein conformation such that it can no longer bind to a 27 bp recognition sequence in the upstream region of gene Rv0560c. The structures provided here lay a foundation for the design of small molecules that target Rv2887, a potential new approach for the development of anti-mycobacterials.
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13
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Te Brake LHM, de Knegt GJ, de Steenwinkel JE, van Dam TJP, Burger DM, Russel FGM, van Crevel R, Koenderink JB, Aarnoutse RE. The Role of Efflux Pumps in Tuberculosis Treatment and Their Promise as a Target in Drug Development: Unraveling the Black Box. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:271-291. [PMID: 28715978 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insight into drug transport mechanisms is highly relevant to the efficacious treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Major problems in TB treatment are related to the transport of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs across human and mycobacterial membranes, affecting the concentrations of these drugs systemically and locally. Firstly, transporters located in the intestines, liver, and kidneys all determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-TB drugs, with a high risk of drug-drug interactions in the setting of concurrent use of antimycobacterial, antiretroviral, and antidiabetic agents. Secondly, human efflux transporters limit the penetration of anti-TB drugs into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, which is especially important in the treatment of TB meningitis. Finally, efflux transporters located in the macrophage and Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell membranes play a pivotal role in the emergence of phenotypic tolerance and drug resistance, respectively. We review the role of efflux transporters in TB drug disposition and evaluate the promise of efflux pump inhibition from a novel holistic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H M Te Brake
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjo J de Knegt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E de Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teunis J P van Dam
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David M Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Reinout van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rob E Aarnoutse
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
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14
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Antibiotic Methylation: A New Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:771-772. [PMID: 27593675 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In new research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, Warrier and colleagues have discovered a novel mode of bacterial drug resistance, namely antibiotic inactivation via N-methylation.
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15
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Warrier T, Kapilashrami K, Argyrou A, Ioerger TR, Little D, Murphy KC, Nandakumar M, Park S, Gold B, Mi J, Zhang T, Meiler E, Rees M, Somersan-Karakaya S, Porras-De Francisco E, Martinez-Hoyos M, Burns-Huang K, Roberts J, Ling Y, Rhee KY, Mendoza-Losana A, Luo M, Nathan CF. N-methylation of a bactericidal compound as a resistance mechanism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E4523-30. [PMID: 27432954 PMCID: PMC4978242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606590113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) makes it imperative to understand the underlying mechanisms. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the single leading cause of death from a bacterial pathogen and estimated to be the leading cause of death from AMR. A pyrido-benzimidazole, 14, was reported to have potent bactericidal activity against Mtb. Here, we isolated multiple Mtb clones resistant to 14. Each had mutations in the putative DNA-binding and dimerization domains of rv2887, a gene encoding a transcriptional repressor of the MarR family. The mutations in Rv2887 led to markedly increased expression of rv0560c. We characterized Rv0560c as an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that N-methylates 14, abolishing its mycobactericidal activity. An Mtb strain lacking rv0560c became resistant to 14 by mutating decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose 2-oxidase (DprE1), an essential enzyme in arabinogalactan synthesis; 14 proved to be a nanomolar inhibitor of DprE1, and methylation of 14 by Rv0560c abrogated this activity. Thus, 14 joins a growing list of DprE1 inhibitors that are potently mycobactericidal. Bacterial methylation of an antibacterial agent, 14, catalyzed by Rv0560c of Mtb, is a previously unreported mechanism of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulasi Warrier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Kanishk Kapilashrami
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Argyrides Argyrou
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474
| | - David Little
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Kenan C Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Madhumitha Nandakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Suna Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Ben Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Jianjie Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Eugenia Meiler
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), 28760 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mike Rees
- Platform Technology and Science, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Kristin Burns-Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Kyu Y Rhee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | | | - Minkui Luo
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021
| | - Carl F Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021;
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