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Zhu X, Tang Q, Zhou X, Momeni MR. Antibiotic resistance and nanotechnology: A narrative review. Microb Pathog 2024; 193:106741. [PMID: 38871198 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to public health worldwide, leading researchers to explore novel solutions to combat this growing problem. Nanotechnology, which involves manipulating materials at the nanoscale, has emerged as a promising avenue for developing novel strategies to combat antibiotic resistance. This cutting-edge technology has gained momentum in the medical field by offering a new approach to combating infectious diseases. Nanomaterial-based therapies hold significant potential in treating difficult bacterial infections by circumventing established drug resistance mechanisms. Moreover, their small size and unique physical properties enable them to effectively target biofilms, which are commonly linked to resistance development. By leveraging these advantages, nanomaterials present a viable solution to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics or even create entirely new antibacterial mechanisms. This review article explores the current landscape of antibiotic resistance and underscores the pivotal role that nanotechnology plays in augmenting the efficacy of traditional antibiotics. Furthermore, it addresses the challenges and opportunities within the realm of nanotechnology for combating antibiotic resistance, while also outlining future research directions in this critical area. Overall, this comprehensive review articulates the potential of nanotechnology in addressing the urgent public health concern of antibiotic resistance, highlighting its transformative capabilities in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunxian Zhu
- Huaqiao University Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, China.
| | - Qiuhua Tang
- Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Xiaohang Zhou
- Mudanjiang Medical University, Mu Danjiang, Hei Longjiang, 157012, China
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2
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Nawaz T, Tajammal A, Qurashi AW, Nisa MU, Binjawhar DN, Iqbal M. Synthesis, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and docking studies of chalcones against multidrug resistance pathogens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30618. [PMID: 39044977 PMCID: PMC11263648 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating threat of drug-resistant microbes underscores the urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. In response, considerable research effort has been directed towards developing innovative frameworks and strategies to address this challenge. Chalcones, known for their broad-spectrum biological activities, have emerged as promising candidates for combating drug resistance. In this study, a series of 2'-Hydroxychalcones (5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d) with varying electron withdrawing and donating groups were synthesized via Claisen Schmidt condensation. FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analyses were employed to confirm the structure of the synthesized compounds. Subsequent evaluation of the synthesized compounds revealed their potential as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents. Notably, compounds 5a and 5d exhibited potent antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus, surpassing the reference drug Ciprofloxacin (30 μg/mL) and other synthesized compounds. Compound 5d showed a notable 19.5 mm zone of inhibition against K. pneumoniae. Furthermore, 5a (at a concentration of 30 μg) and 5d (at a concentration of 50 μg) exhibited statistically significant (P > 0.05) biofilm inhibition efficacy compared to Ciprofloxacin (30 μg/mL). The synthesized chalcones 5a-5d were also docked via PachDock molecular docking software for Glucosamine-6-phosphate (GlcN-6-P) synthase inhibition and showed that ligand 5a exhibited outstanding results with score 4238 and ACE value -160.89 kcal/mol, consistent with the observed antibacterial activity. These findings underscore the potential of chalcones, particularly 5a and 5d, as promising candidates for the development of new antimicrobial agents targeting drug-resistant microbes and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Nawaz
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan
| | - Affifa Tajammal
- Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehr-un Nisa
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Lahore, 1-km Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
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3
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Sun Y, Morton ER, Bhabha H, Clark ER, Bučar DK, Barros-Metlova V, Gould JA, Aliev AE, Haynes CJE. Competitive Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding: Offering Molecules a Choice. Chempluschem 2024:e202400055. [PMID: 38713896 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The conformational preferences of N-((6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbamothioyl)benzamide were studied in solution, the gas phase and the solid state via a combination of NMR, density functional theory (DFT) and single crystal X-ray techniques. This acyl thiourea derivative can adopt two classes of low energy conformation, each stabilized by a different 6-membered intramolecular hydrogen bond (IHB) pseudoring. Analysis in different solvents revealed that the conformational preference of this molecule is polarity dependent, with increasingly polar environments yielding a higher proportion of the minor conformer containing an NH⋅⋅⋅N IHB. The calculated barrier to interconversion is consistent with dynamic behaviour at room temperature, despite the propensity of 6-membered IHB pseudorings to be static. This work demonstrates that introducing competitive IHB pathways can render static IHBs more dynamic and that such systems could have potential as chameleons in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Evelyn R Morton
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Hunaida Bhabha
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ewan R Clark
- School of Chemistry and Forensics, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | | | - Jamie A Gould
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Abil E Aliev
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Cally J E Haynes
- Chemistry Department, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Mougin J, Midelet G, Leterme S, Best G, Ells T, Joyce A, Whiley H, Brauge T. Benzalkonium chloride disinfectant residues stimulate biofilm formation and increase survival of Vibrio bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1309032. [PMID: 38414711 PMCID: PMC10897976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1309032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are opportunistic human and animal pathogens found ubiquitously in marine environments. Globally, there is a predicted rise in the prevalence of Vibrio spp. due to increasing ocean temperatures, which carries significant implications for public health and the seafood industry. Consequently, there is an urgent need for enhanced strategies to control Vibrio spp. and prevent contamination, particularly in aquaculture and seafood processing facilities. Presently, these industries employ various disinfectants, including benzalkonium chloride (BAC), as part of their management strategies. While higher concentrations of BAC may be effective against these pathogens, inadequate rinsing post-disinfection could result in residual concentrations of BAC in the surrounding environment. This study aimed to investigate the adaptation and survival of Vibrio spp. exposed to varying concentrations of BAC residues. Results revealed that Vibrio bacteria, when exposed, exhibited a phenotypic adaptation characterized by an increase in biofilm biomass. Importantly, this effect was found to be strain-specific rather than species-specific. Exposure to BAC residues induced physiological changes in Vibrio biofilms, leading to an increase in the number of injured and alive cells within the biofilm. The exact nature of the "injured" bacteria remains unclear, but it is postulated that BAC might heighten the risk of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria development. These VBNC bacteria pose a significant threat, especially since they cannot be detected using the standard culture-based methods commonly employed for microbiological risk assessment in aquaculture and seafood industries. The undetected presence of VBNC bacteria could result in recurrent contamination events and subsequent disease outbreaks. This study provides evidence regarding the role of c-di-GMP signaling pathways in Vibrio adaptation mechanisms and suggests that c-di-GMP mediated repression is a potential avenue for further research. The findings underscore that the misuse and overuse of BAC may increase the risk of biofilm development and bacterial survival within the seafood processing chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mougin
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Graziella Midelet
- Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie Leterme
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biofilm Research and Innovation, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Giles Best
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy Ells
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Kentville Research and Development Centre, Kentville, NS, Canada
| | - Alyssa Joyce
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harriet Whiley
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biofilm Research and Innovation, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Thomas Brauge
- Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Cancino-Diaz ME, Guerrero-Barajas C, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Cancino-Diaz JC. Nucleotides as Bacterial Second Messengers. Molecules 2023; 28:7996. [PMID: 38138485 PMCID: PMC10745434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to comprising monomers of nucleic acids, nucleotides have signaling functions and act as second messengers in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The most common example is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Nucleotide signaling is a focus of great interest in bacteria. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP), cAMP, and cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) participate in biological events such as bacterial growth, biofilm formation, sporulation, cell differentiation, motility, and virulence. Moreover, the cyclic-di-nucleotides (c-di-nucleotides) produced in pathogenic intracellular bacteria can affect eukaryotic host cells to allow for infection. On the other hand, non-cyclic nucleotide molecules pppGpp and ppGpp are alarmones involved in regulating the bacterial response to nutritional stress; they are also considered second messengers. These second messengers can potentially be used as therapeutic agents because of their immunological functions on eukaryotic cells. In this review, the role of c-di-nucleotides and cAMP as second messengers in different bacterial processes is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario E. Cancino-Diaz
- Departamentos Microbiología and Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio, Plutarco Elías Calles, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11350, Mexico
| | - Claudia Guerrero-Barajas
- Departamento de Bioprocesos, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Acueducto, La Laguna Ticoman, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07340, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
- Área Académica de Nutrición y Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Actopan Camino a Tilcuautla s/n, Pueblo San Juan Tilcuautla, Pachuca Hidalgo 42160, Mexico;
| | - Juan C. Cancino-Diaz
- Departamentos Microbiología and Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Manuel Carpio, Plutarco Elías Calles, Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11350, Mexico
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Kalia VC, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Bacterial biofilm inhibitors: An overview. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115389. [PMID: 37634478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria that cause infectious diseases adopt biofilms as one of their most prevalent lifestyles. Biofilms enable bacteria to tolerate environmental stress and evade antibacterial agents. This bacterial defense mechanism has rendered the use of antibiotics ineffective for the treatment of infectious diseases. However, many highly drug-resistant microbes have rapidly emerged owing to such treatments. Different signaling mechanisms regulate bacterial biofilm formation, including cyclic dinucleotide (c-di-GMP), small non-coding RNAs, and quorum sensing (QS). A cell density-dependent phenomenon, QS is associated with c-di-GMP (a global messenger), which regulates gene expression related to adhesion, extracellular matrix production, the transition from the planktonic to biofilm stage, stability, pathogenicity, virulence, and acquisition of nutrients. The article aims to provide information on inhibiting biofilm formation and disintegrating mature/preformed biofilms. This treatment enables antimicrobials to target the free-living/exposed bacterial cells at lower concentrations than those needed to treat bacteria within the biofilm. Therefore, a complementary action of antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents can be a robust strategic approach to dealing with infectious diseases. Taken together, these molecules have broad implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Gadar K, McCarthy RR. Using next generation antimicrobials to target the mechanisms of infection. NPJ ANTIMICROBIALS AND RESISTANCE 2023; 1:11. [PMID: 38686217 PMCID: PMC11057201 DOI: 10.1038/s44259-023-00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable impact of antibiotics on human health is being eroded at an alarming rate by the emergence of multidrug resistant pathogens. There is a recognised consensus that new strategies to tackle infection are urgently needed to limit the devasting impact of antibiotic resistance on our global healthcare infrastructure. Next generation antimicrobials (NGAs) are compounds that target bacterial virulence factors to disrupt pathogenic potential without impacting bacterial viability. By disabling the key virulence factors required to establish and maintain infection, NGAs make pathogens more vulnerable to clearance by the immune system and can potentially render them more susceptible to traditional antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the developing field of NGAs and how advancements in this area could offer a viable standalone alternative to traditional antibiotics or an effective means to prolong antibiotic efficacy when used in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Gadar
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
| | - Ronan R. McCarthy
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH United Kingdom
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9
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Razvi E, DiFrancesco BR, Wasney GA, Morrison ZA, Tam J, Auger A, Baker P, Alnabelseya N, Rich JD, Sivarajah P, Whitfield GB, Harrison JJ, Melnyk RA, Nitz M, Howell PL. Small Molecule Inhibition of an Exopolysaccharide Modification Enzyme is a Viable Strategy To Block Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pel Biofilm Formation. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0029623. [PMID: 37098898 PMCID: PMC10269871 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00296-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of the Pel exopolysaccharide in Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires all seven genes of the pelABCDEFG operon. The periplasmic modification enzyme PelA contains a C-terminal deacetylase domain that is necessary for Pel-dependent biofilm formation. Herein, we show that extracellular Pel is not produced by a P. aeruginosa PelA deacetylase mutant. This positions PelA deacetylase activity as an attractive target to prevent Pel-dependent biofilm formation. Using a high-throughput screen (n = 69,360), we identified 56 compounds that potentially inhibit PelA esterase activity, the first enzymatic step in the deacetylase reaction. A secondary biofilm inhibition assay identified methyl 2-(2-pyridinylmethylene) hydrazinecarbodithioate (SK-017154-O) as a specific Pel-dependent biofilm inhibitor. Structure-activity relationship studies identified the thiocarbazate as a necessary functional group and that the pyridyl ring could be replaced with a phenyl substituent (compound 1). Both SK-017154-O and compound 1 inhibit Pel-dependent biofilm formation in Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, which has a predicted extracellular PelA deacetylase in its pel operon. Michaelis-Menten kinetics determined SK-017154-O to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of PelA, while compound 1 did not directly inhibit PelA esterase activity. Cytotoxicity assays using human lung fibroblast cells showed that compound 1 is less cytotoxic than SK-017154-O. This work provides proof of concept that biofilm exopolysaccharide modification enzymes are important for biofilm formation and can serve as useful antibiofilm targets. IMPORTANCE Present in more than 500 diverse Gram-negative and 900 Gram-positive organisms, the Pel polysaccharide is one of the most phylogenetically widespread biofilm matrix determinants found to date. Partial de-N-acetylation of this α-1,4 linked N-acetylgalactosamine polymer by the carbohydrate modification enzyme PelA is required for Pel-dependent biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. Given this and our observation that extracellular Pel is not produced by a P. aeruginosa PelA deactylase mutant, we developed an enzyme-based high-throughput screen and identified methyl 2-(2-pyridinylmethylene) hydrazinecarbodithioate (SK-017154-O) and its phenyl derivative as specific Pel-dependent biofilm inhibitors. Michaelis-Menten kinetics revealed SK-017154-O is a noncompetitive inhibitor and that its noncytotoxic, phenyl derivative does not directly inhibit P. aeruginosa PelA esterase activity. We provide proof of concept that exopolysaccharide modification enzymes can be targeted with small molecule inhibitors to block Pel-dependent biofilm development in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erum Razvi
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Gregory A. Wasney
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Structural & Biophysical Core Facility, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John Tam
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anick Auger
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- SPARC BioCentre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Perrin Baker
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noor Alnabelseya
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn D. Rich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Piyanka Sivarajah
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory B. Whitfield
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe J. Harrison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roman A. Melnyk
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Nitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. Lynne Howell
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Abdelhamid AG, Yousef AE. Combating Bacterial Biofilms: Current and Emerging Antibiofilm Strategies for Treating Persistent Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1005. [PMID: 37370324 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are intricate multicellular structures created by microorganisms on living (biotic) or nonliving (abiotic) surfaces. Medically, biofilms often lead to persistent infections, increased antibiotic resistance, and recurrence of infections. In this review, we highlighted the clinical problem associated with biofilm infections and focused on current and emerging antibiofilm strategies. These strategies are often directed at disrupting quorum sensing, which is crucial for biofilm formation, preventing bacterial adhesion to surfaces, impeding bacterial aggregation in viscous mucus layers, degrading the extracellular polymeric matrix, and developing nanoparticle-based antimicrobial drug complexes which target persistent cells within the biofilm core. It is important to acknowledge, however, that the use of antibiofilm agents faces obstacles, such as limited effectiveness in vivo, potential cytotoxicity to host cells, and propensity to elicit resistance in targeted biofilm-forming microbes. Emerging next generation antibiofilm strategies, which rely on multipronged approaches, were highlighted, and these benefit from current advances in nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and antimicrobial drug discovery. The assessment of current antibiofilm mitigation approaches, as presented here, could guide future initiatives toward innovative antibiofilm therapeutic strategies. Enhancing the efficacy and specificity of some emerging antibiofilm strategies via careful investigations, under conditions that closely mimic biofilm characteristics within the human body, could bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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11
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Zhang Q, Peng L, Han W, Chen H, Tang H, Chen X, Langford PR, Huang Q, Zhou R, Li L. The morphology and metabolic changes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during its growth as a biofilm. Vet Res 2023; 54:42. [PMID: 37237397 PMCID: PMC10224306 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an important swine respiratory pathogen. Previous studies have suggested that growth as a biofilm is a natural state of A. pleuropneumoniae infection. To understand the survival features involved in the biofilm state, the growth features, morphology and gene expression profiles of planktonic and biofilm A. pleuropneumoniae were compared. A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms showed reduced viability but maintained the presence of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) after late log-phase. Under the microscope, bacteria in biofilms formed dense aggregated structures that were connected by abundant EPS, with reduced condensed chromatin. By construction of Δpga and ΔdspB mutants, polymeric β-1,6-linked N-acetylglucosamine and dispersin B were confirmed to be critical for normal biofilm formation. RNA-seq analysis indicated that, compared to their planktonic counterparts, A. pleuropneumoniae in biofilms had an extensively altered transcriptome. Carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and translation were significantly repressed, while fermentation and genes contributing to EPS synthesis and translocation were up-regulated. The regulators Fnr (HlyX) and Fis were found to be up-regulated and their binding motifs were identified in the majority of the differentially expressed genes, suggesting their coordinated global role in regulating biofilm metabolism. By comparing the transcriptome of wild-type biofilm and Δpga, the utilization of oligosaccharides, iron and sulfur and fermentation were found to be important in adhesion and aggregation during biofilm formation. Additionally, when used as inocula, biofilm bacteria showed reduced virulence in mouse, compared with planktonic grown cells. Thus, these results have identified new facets of A. pleuropneumoniae biofilm maintenance and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyao Han
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiabing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Qi Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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12
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Shahriar A, Rob Siddiquee MF, Ahmed H, Mahmud AR, Ahmed T, Mahmud MR, Acharjee M. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: Etiological analysis, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and a novel therapeutic era of phage. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2022.86-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens has put global public health at its utmost risk, especially in developing countries where people are unaware of personal hygiene and proper medication. In general, the infection frequently occurs in the urethra, bladder, and kidney, as reported by the physician. Moreover, many UTI patients whose acquired disorder from the hospital or health-care center has been addressed previously have been referred to as catheter-associated UTI (CAUTI). Meanwhile, the bacterial biofilm triggering UTI is another critical issue, mostly by catheter insertion. In most cases, the biofilm inhibits the action of antibiotics against the UTI-causing bacteria. Therefore, new therapeutic tools should be implemented to eliminate the widespread multidrug resistance (MDR) UTI-causing bacteria. Based on the facts, the present review emphasized the current status of CAUTI, its causative agent, clinical manifestation, and treatment complications. This review also delineated a model of phage therapy as a new therapeutic means against bacterial biofilm-originated UTI. The model illustrated the entire mechanism of destroying the extracellular plyometric substances of UTI-causing bacteria with several enzymatic actions produced by phage particles. This review will provide a complete outline of CAUTI for the general reader and create a positive vibe for the researchers to sort out alternative remedies against the CAUTI-causing MDR microbial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Shahriar
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Hossain Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Aar Rafi Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail-1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tasnia Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rayhan Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mrityunjoy Acharjee
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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13
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Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Novel Cyclic Peptides against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23148029. [PMID: 35887376 PMCID: PMC9321466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23148029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has led to serious infections, especially in hospitals and clinics, where treatment and prevention have become more difficult due to the formation of biofilms. Owing to biofilm-derived antibiotic tolerance, the currently available traditional antibiotics have failed to treat MRSA infections. Hence, there is a urgent need to develop novel antibiotics for treating life-threatening MRSA infections. Lugdunin (cyclic peptide-1), a nonribosomal cyclic peptide produced by Staphylococcus lugdunensis, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against MRSA. Amazingly, cyclic peptide-1 and its analogues cyclic peptide-11 and cyclic peptide-14 have the ability to disperse mature MRSA biofilms and show anti-clinical MRSA activity, including MRSA persister cells. In addition, these three cyclic peptide compounds have non-toxicity, lower hemolytic activity and lack of resistance development. Our results indicate that cyclic peptide-1, cyclic peptide-11, and cyclic peptide-14 have great potential as new antimicrobial drug candidates for the treatment of clinical MRSA infections.
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14
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Small molecules as next generation biofilm inhibitors and anti-infective agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biofilms are consortia of microbes attached to surfaces that could be biotic or abiotic in nature. The bacterial cells are enclosed within a microbial synthesized extrapolymeric substances (EPS). The presence of a thick EPS matrix around the cells, protects it from antimicrobials. As the biofilms are difficult to be eradicated in the tissues and implants, the infections due to biofilms are chronic, persistent as well as recurrent in nature. Biofilm formation in multidrug resistant pathogens is a major public health concern. In this review, we have discussed traditional drug discovery approaches and high throughput screening assays involved in the discovery of small molecules for their application as biofilm inhibitory agents. The small molecules target different phases of biofilm growth in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we have focused on three specific application of small molecules, as anti-adhesion agents that prevent adherence and attachment of cells to surfaces; signal inhibitors that disrupt communication between cells resulting in hampered biofilm growth and development; and finally as agents that induce release of cells from mature biofilms. Some of the biofilm inhibitors have also potentiated the antibiotic efficacy leading to complete eradication of biofilms. It is highly pertinent now to focus on developing these as therapeutics and anti-biofilm agents for coating medical implants and devices in clinical settings.
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15
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Singh A, Amod A, Pandey P, Bose P, Pingali MS, Shivalkar S, Varadwaj P, Sahoo A, Samanta S. Bacterial biofilm infections, their resistance to antibiotics therapy and current treatment strategies. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35105823 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac50f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In addition, biofilms are also known to cause serious problems in food industry. Biofilm impart enhanced antibiotic resistance and become recalcitrant to host immune responses leading to persistent and recurrent infections. It makes the clinical treatment for biofilm infections very difficult. Reduced penetration of antibiotic molecules through EPS, mutation of the target site, accumulation of antibiotic degrading enzymes, enhanced expression of efflux pump genes are the probable causes for antibiotics resistance. Accordingly, strategies like administration of topical antibiotics and combined therapy of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides are considered for alternate options to overcome the antibiotics resistance. A number of other remediation strategies for both biofilm inhibition and dispersion of established biofilm have been developed. The metallic nanoparticles and their oxides have recently gained a tremendous thrust as antibiofilm therapy for their unique features. This present comprehensive review gives the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms of biofilm and provides an overview of various currently available biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the applications of metallic nanoparticles and their oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Singh
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Ayush Amod
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | | | - Pranay Bose
- KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751024, INDIA
| | - M Shivapriya Pingali
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Shivalkar
- Applied Sciences, IIIT Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, 211012, INDIA
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Amaresh Sahoo
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Sintu Samanta
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
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16
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Biofilm control by interfering with c-di-GMP metabolism and signaling. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 56:107915. [PMID: 35101567 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and biofilm-induced biodeterioration of surfaces have deeply affected the life of our community. Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a small nucleic acid signal molecule in bacteria, which functions as a second messenger mediating a wide range of bacterial processes, such as cell motility, biofilm formation, virulence expression, and cell cycle progression. C-di-GMP regulated phenotypes are triggered by a variety of determinants, such as metabolic cues and stress factors that affect c-di-GMP synthesis, the transduction and conduction of signals by specific effectors, and their actions on terminal targets. Therefore, understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of c-di-GMP would greatly benefit the control of the relevant bacterial processes, particularly for the development of anti-biofilm technologies. Here, we discuss the regulatory determinants of c-di-GMP signaling, identify the corresponding chemical inhibitors as anti-biofilm agents, and shed light on further perspectives in the metabolic regulation of c-di-GMP through chemical and biological approaches. This Review will advance the development of anti-biofilm policies applied in the industries of medicine, environment and engineering.
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17
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Transcriptional Profiling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:303-323. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Park S, Sauer K. Controlling Biofilm Development Through Cyclic di-GMP Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:69-94. [PMID: 36258069 PMCID: PMC9891824 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch between motile loner cells and biofilm formers. This review provides an up-to-date summary of c-di-GMP pathways connected to biofilm formation by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa. Emphasis will be on the timing of c-di-GMP production over the course of biofilm formation, to highlight non-uniform and hierarchical increases in c-di-GMP levels, as well as biofilm growth conditions that do not conform with our current model of c-di-GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center (BBRC), Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Karin Sauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center (BBRC), Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
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19
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Trebino MA, Shingare RD, MacMillan JB, Yildiz FH. Strategies and Approaches for Discovery of Small Molecule Disruptors of Biofilm Physiology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154582. [PMID: 34361735 PMCID: PMC8348372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms, the predominant growth mode of microorganisms, pose a significant risk to human health. The protective biofilm matrix, typically composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, combined with biofilm-grown bacteria’s heterogenous physiology, leads to enhanced fitness and tolerance to traditional methods for treatment. There is a need to identify biofilm inhibitors using diverse approaches and targeting different stages of biofilm formation. This review discusses discovery strategies that successfully identified a wide range of inhibitors and the processes used to characterize their inhibition mechanism and further improvement. Additionally, we examine the structure–activity relationship (SAR) for some of these inhibitors to optimize inhibitor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Trebino
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Rahul D. Shingare
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - John B. MacMillan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (F.H.Y.)
| | - Fitnat H. Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.B.M.); (F.H.Y.)
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20
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Andersen JB, Hultqvist LD, Jansen CU, Jakobsen TH, Nilsson M, Rybtke M, Uhd J, Fritz BG, Seifert R, Berthelsen J, Nielsen TE, Qvortrup K, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Identification of small molecules that interfere with c-di-GMP signaling and induce dispersal of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:59. [PMID: 34244523 PMCID: PMC8271024 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00225-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are involved in a number of infections that cannot be cured, as microbes in biofilms resist host immune defenses and antibiotic therapies. With no strict biofilm-antibiotic in the current pipelines, there is an unmet need for drug candidates that enable the current antibiotics to eradicate bacteria in biofilms. We used high-throughput screening to identify chemical compounds that reduce the intracellular c-di-GMP content in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This led to the identification of a small molecule that efficiently depletes P. aeruginosa for c-di-GMP, inhibits biofilm formation, and disperses established biofilm. A combination of our lead compound with standard of care antibiotics showed improved eradication of an implant-associated infection established in mice. Genetic analyses provided evidence that the anti-biofilm compound stimulates the activity of the c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase BifA in P. aeruginosa. Our work constitutes a proof of concept for c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase-activating drugs administered in combination with antibiotics as a viable treatment strategy for otherwise recalcitrant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bo Andersen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Dahl Hultqvist
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nilsson
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Rybtke
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Uhd
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Blaine Gabriel Fritz
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Berthelsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Eiland Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center. Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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21
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Ruksakiet K, Stercz B, Tóth G, Jaikumpun P, Gróf I, Tengölics R, Lohinai ZM, Horváth P, Deli MA, Steward MC, Dobay O, Zsembery Á. Bicarbonate Evokes Reciprocal Changes in Intracellular Cyclic di-GMP and Cyclic AMP Levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060519. [PMID: 34200909 PMCID: PMC8230467 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Cyclic di-GMP and cyclic AMP are second messengers regulating the bacterial lifestyle transition in response to environmental signals. We aimed to investigate the effects of extracellular pH and bicarbonate on intracellular c-di-GMP and cAMP levels, and on biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa was inoculated in a brain−heart infusion medium supplemented with 25 and 50 mM NaCl in ambient air (pH adjusted to 7.4 and 7.7 respectively), or with 25 and 50 mM NaHCO3 in 5% CO2 (pH 7.4 and 7.7). After 16 h incubation, c-di-GMP and cAMP were extracted and their concentrations determined. Biofilm formation was investigated using an xCelligence real-time cell analyzer and by crystal violet assay. Our results show that HCO3− exposure decreased c-di-GMP and increased cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm formation was also reduced after 48 h exposure to HCO3−. The reciprocal changes in second messenger concentrations were not influenced by changes in medium pH or osmolality. These findings indicate that HCO3− per se modulates the levels of c-di-GMP and cAMP, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting the planktonic lifestyle of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Balázs Stercz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Laboratory, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Martin C. Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Pecina A, Schwan M, Blagotinsek V, Rick T, Klüber P, Leonhard T, Bange G, Thormann KM. The Stand-Alone PilZ-Domain Protein MotL Specifically Regulates the Activity of the Secondary Lateral Flagellar System in Shewanella putrefaciens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:668892. [PMID: 34140945 PMCID: PMC8203827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.668892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of bacterial species control the function of the flagellar motor in response to the levels of the secondary messenger c-di-GMP, which is often mediated by c-di-GMP-binding proteins that act as molecular brakes or clutches to slow the motor rotation. The gammaproteobacterium Shewanella putrefaciens possesses two distinct flagellar systems, the primary single polar flagellum and a secondary system with one to five lateral flagellar filaments. Here, we identified a protein, MotL, which specifically regulates the activity of the lateral, but not the polar, flagellar motors in response to the c-di-GMP levels. MotL only consists of a single PilZ domain binding c-di-GMP, which is crucial for its function. Deletion and overproduction analyses revealed that MotL slows down the lateral flagella at elevated levels of c-di-GMP, and may speed up the lateral flagellar-mediated movement at low c-di-GMP concentrations. In vitro interaction studies hint at an interaction of MotL with the C-ring of the lateral flagellar motors. This study shows a differential c-di-GMP-dependent regulation of the two flagellar systems in a single species, and implicates that PilZ domain-only proteins can also act as molecular regulators to control the flagella-mediated motility in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pecina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Meike Schwan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vitan Blagotinsek
- Department of Chemistry, SYNMIKRO Research Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Tim Rick
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Patrick Klüber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tabea Leonhard
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gert Bange
- Department of Chemistry, SYNMIKRO Research Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai M Thormann
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
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23
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Khalid S, Gao A, Wang G, Chu PK, Wang H. Tuning surface topographies on biomaterials to control bacterial infection. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:6840-6857. [PMID: 32812537 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00845a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microbial contamination and subsequent formation of biofilms frequently cause failure of surgical implants and a good understanding of the bacteria-surface interactions is vital to the design and safety of biomaterials. In this review, the physical and chemical factors that are involved in the various stages of implant-associated bacterial infection are described. In particular, topographical modification strategies that have been employed to mitigate bacterial adhesion via topographical mechanisms are summarized and discussed comprehensively. Recent advances have improved our understanding about bacteria-surface interactions and have enabled biomedical engineers and researchers to develop better and more effective antibacterial surfaces. The related interdisciplinary efforts are expected to continue in the quest for next-generation medical devices to attain the ultimate goal of improved clinical outcomes and reduced number of revision surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Khalid
- Center for Human Tissues and Organs Degeneration, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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24
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a serious medical threat, particularly given the decreasing rate of discovery of new treatments. Although attempts to find new treatments continue, it has become clear that merely discovering new antimicrobials, even if they are new classes, will be insufficient. It is essential that new strategies be aggressively pursued. Toward that end, the search for treatments that can mitigate bacterial virulence and tilt the balance of host-pathogen interactions in favor of the host has become increasingly popular. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in this field, with a special focus on synthetic small molecule antivirulents that have been identified from high-throughput screens and on treatments that are effective against the opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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25
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Özgeriş B. Synthesis of Substituted Phenethylamine-Based Thioureas and Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Properties. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Design, synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of nicotinoyl thioureas as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2021; 74:233-243. [PMID: 33441970 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-00399-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Addressed herein a series of thioureas starting from various amines and nicotinic acid have been synthesized. Notably, thiourea based scaffolds are increasingly employed in medicinal chemistry owing to their tunable physicochemical and structural properties. As well-known from the literature, the pyridine ring contains various biological properties, especially antimicrobial activity. Therefore, we performed the synthesis of biologically important thiourea derivatives containing pyridine ring. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR. In the second part of the study, newly synthesized compounds were also tested in order to demonstrate their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. All compounds exhibited moderate activity against all tested bacteria known to cause nosocomial infections, which have acquired resistance to many antibiotics, as compared to the standard antibiotics and also strong antioxidant properties. Therefore, they can be evaluated as possible seeds of agents in the treatment of bacterial infections and many health problems related to aging such as cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Jakubovics NS, Goodman SD, Mashburn-Warren L, Stafford GP, Cieplik F. The dental plaque biofilm matrix. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:32-56. [PMID: 33690911 PMCID: PMC9413593 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven D Goodman
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Mashburn-Warren
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Graham P Stafford
- Integrated Biosciences, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Karanja CW, Yeboah KS, Sintim HO. Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cyclic Dinucleotide Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:309-317. [PMID: 33492938 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells sense bacteria-derived c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP as well as host-derived cGAMP, which is synthesized by cGAS upon binding to the pathogen's DNA, to mount an immunological response (cytokine production) via the STING-TBK1 pathway. Successful pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and group B streptococcus, harbor phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that can cleave bacterial c-di-AMP as well as host-derived cGAMP to blunt the host's response to infection. Selective inhibitors of bacterial cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) PDEs are needed as tool compounds to study the role(s) of CDN PDEs during infection and they could also become bona fide antivirulence compounds, but there is a paucity of such compounds. Using a high-throughput assay, we identified six inhibitors of MTB CDN PDE (CdnP). The most potent inhibitor, C82 with an IC50 of ∼18 μM, did not inhibit the enzymatic activities of three other bacterial CDN PDEs (Yybt, RocR, and GBS-CdnP), a viral CDN PDE (poxin) or mammalian ENPP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W. Karanja
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Kofi S. Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Herman O. Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Studying GGDEF Domain in the Act: Minimize Conformational Frustration to Prevent Artefacts. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010031. [PMID: 33418960 PMCID: PMC7825114 DOI: 10.3390/life11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
GGDEF-containing proteins respond to different environmental cues to finely modulate cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP) levels in time and space, making the allosteric control a distinctive trait of the corresponding proteins. The diguanylate cyclase mechanism is emblematic of this control: two GGDEF domains, each binding one GTP molecule, must dimerize to enter catalysis and yield c-di-GMP. The need for dimerization makes the GGDEF domain an ideal conformational switch in multidomain proteins. A re-evaluation of the kinetic profile of previously characterized GGDEF domains indicated that they are also able to convert GTP to GMP: this unexpected reactivity occurs when conformational issues hamper the cyclase activity. These results create new questions regarding the characterization and engineering of these proteins for in solution or structural studies.
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Yin W, Xu S, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Chou SH, Galperin MY, He J. Ways to control harmful biofilms: prevention, inhibition, and eradication. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 47:57-78. [PMID: 33356690 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1842325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex microbial architectures that encase microbial cells in a matrix comprising self-produced extracellular polymeric substances. Microorganisms living in biofilms are much more resistant to hostile environments than their planktonic counterparts and exhibit enhanced resistance against the microbicides. From the human perspective, biofilms can be classified into beneficial, neutral, and harmful. Harmful biofilms impact food safety, cause plant and animal diseases, and threaten medical fields, making it urgent to develop effective and robust strategies to control harmful biofilms. In this review, we discuss various strategies to control biofilm formation on infected tissues, implants, and medical devices. We classify the current strategies into three main categories: (i) changing the properties of susceptible surfaces to prevent biofilm formation; (ii) regulating signalling pathways to inhibit biofilm formation; (iii) applying external forces to eradicate the biofilm. We hope this review would motivate the development of innovative and effective strategies for controlling harmful biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Siyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yiting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shan-Ho Chou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Michael Y Galperin
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jin He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, PR China
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31
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Yuan X, Yu M, Yang CH. Innovation and Application of the Type III Secretion System Inhibitors in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121956. [PMID: 33317075 PMCID: PMC7764658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria rely on a functional type III secretion system (T3SS), which injects multiple effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells, for their pathogenicity. Genetic studies conducted in different host-microbe pathosystems often revealed a sophisticated regulatory mechanism of their T3SSs, suggesting that the expression of T3SS is tightly controlled and constantly monitored by bacteria in response to the ever-changing host environment. Therefore, it is critical to understand the regulation of T3SS in pathogenic bacteria for successful disease management. This review focuses on a model plant pathogen, Dickeyadadantii, and summarizes the current knowledge of its T3SS regulation. We highlight the roles of several T3SS regulators that were recently discovered, including the transcriptional regulators: FlhDC, RpoS, and SlyA; the post-transcriptional regulators: PNPase, Hfq with its dependent sRNA ArcZ, and the RsmA/B system; and the bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP). Homologs of these regulatory components have also been characterized in almost all major bacterial plant pathogens like Erwiniaamylovora, Pseudomonassyringae, Pectobacterium spp., Xanthomonas spp., and Ralstonia spp. The second half of this review shifts focus to an in-depth discussion of the innovation and development of T3SS inhibitors, small molecules that inhibit T3SSs, in the field of plant pathology. This includes T3SS inhibitors that are derived from plant phenolic compounds, plant coumarins, and salicylidene acylhydrazides. We also discuss their modes of action in bacteria and application for controlling plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Yuan
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Manda Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Ching-Hong Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
- Correspondence: (M.Y.); (C.-H.Y.)
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A comprehensive and comparative study on the action of pentacyclic triterpenoids on Vibrio cholerae biofilms. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Jiang Y, Geng M, Bai L. Targeting Biofilms Therapy: Current Research Strategies and Development Hurdles. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081222. [PMID: 32796745 PMCID: PMC7465149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are aggregate of microorganisms in which cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and adhere to each other and/or to a surface. The development of biofilm affords pathogens significantly increased tolerances to antibiotics and antimicrobials. Up to 80% of human bacterial infections are biofilm-associated. Dispersal of biofilms can turn microbial cells into their more vulnerable planktonic phenotype and improve the therapeutic effect of antimicrobials. In this review, we focus on multiple therapeutic strategies that are currently being developed to target important structural and functional characteristics and drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms. We thoroughly discuss the current biofilm targeting strategies from four major aspects—targeting EPS, dispersal molecules, targeting quorum sensing, and targeting dormant cells. We explain each aspect with examples and discuss the main hurdles in the development of biofilm dispersal agents in order to provide a rationale for multi-targeted therapy strategies that target the complicated biofilms. Biofilm dispersal is a promising research direction to treat biofilm-associated infections in the future, and more in vivo experiments should be performed to ensure the efficacy of these therapeutic agents before being used in clinic.
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Awasthi A, Sharma P, Jangir L, Kamakshi, Awasthi G, Awasthi KK, Awasthi K. Dose dependent enhanced antibacterial effects and reduced biofilm activity against Bacillus subtilis in presence of ZnO nanoparticles. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:111021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Arunkumar M, LewisOscar F, Thajuddin N, Pugazhendhi A, Nithya C. In vitro and in vivo biofilm forming Vibrio spp: A significant threat in aquaculture. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Valentini M, Filloux A. Multiple Roles of c-di-GMP Signaling in Bacterial Pathogenesis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2020; 73:387-406. [PMID: 31500536 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-020518-115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular signaling molecule cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates the lifestyle of bacteria and controls many key functions and mechanisms. In the case of bacterial pathogens, a wide variety of virulence lifestyle factors have been shown to be regulated by c-di-GMP. Evidence of the importance of this molecule for bacterial pathogenesis has become so great that new antimicrobial agents are tested for their capacity of targeting c-di-GMP signaling. This review summarizes the current knowledge on this topic and reveals its application for the development of new antivirulence intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Valentini
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland;
| | - Alain Filloux
- MRC Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom;
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37
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Cho KH, Tryon RG, Kim JH. Screening for Diguanylate Cyclase (DGC) Inhibitors Mitigating Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Front Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00264 [doi link]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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38
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Cho KH, Tryon RG, Kim JH. Screening for Diguanylate Cyclase (DGC) Inhibitors Mitigating Bacterial Biofilm Formation. Front Chem 2020; 8:264. [PMID: 32373581 PMCID: PMC7186502 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of bacteria in the natural environment organize themselves into communal biofilms. Biofilm formation benefits bacteria conferring resistance to harmful molecules (e.g., antibiotics, disinfectants, and host immune factors) and coordinating their gene expression through quorum sensing (QS). A primary signaling molecule promoting bacterial biofilm formation is the universal second messenger cyclic di-GMP. This dinucleotide predominantly controls the gene expression of motility, adhesins, and capsule production to coordinate biofilm formation. Cyclic di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) that have a GGDEF domain and is degraded by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) containing either an EAL or an HD-GYP domain. Since high cellular c-di-GMP concentrations are correlated with promoting the ability of bacteria to form biofilms, numerous research endeavors to identify chemicals capable of inhibiting the c-di-GMP synthesis activity of DGCs have been performed in order to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. This review describes currently identified chemical inhibitors that disturb the activity of DGCs and the methods of screening and assay for their discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hong Cho
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States
| | - R Grant Tryon
- Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, United States
| | - Jeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Liberty University, Lynchburg, VA, United States
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39
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Ghosh A, Jayaraman N, Chatterji D. Small-Molecule Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:3108-3115. [PMID: 32118127 PMCID: PMC7045314 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a massive and serious threat to human welfare and healthcare. Apart from being genetically resistant to antibiotics, the other important mechanism by which bacteria can evade antibiotics is multidrug tolerance. Here cells enter into a transiently nongrowing phase, and as a result, latent infection remains inside the host, causing disease recurrence. Biofilm-derived antibiotic tolerance and persister formation of the pathogenic bacteria inside the host remain a serious issue of treatment failure and recurrent chronic infection in the case of all major pathogens. As a result, new chemotherapeutic agents are sought that specifically inhibit biofilm formation or maturation as well as cause the dispersion of mature biofilms, thus allowing the conventional drugs to kill sensitive cells residing inside. This mini-review attempts to analyze different small-molecule-based chemical approaches that have been used to enable bacterial biofilm inhibition at different steps of maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghosh
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit and Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Narayansaswamy Jayaraman
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit and Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Dipankar Chatterji
- Molecular
Biophysics Unit and Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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40
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Yu M, Chua SL. Demolishing the great wall of biofilms in Gram‐negative bacteria: To disrupt or disperse? Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1103-1116. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University, KowloonHong Kong SAR China
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41
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Qvortrup K, Hultqvist LD, Nilsson M, Jakobsen TH, Jansen CU, Uhd J, Andersen JB, Nielsen TE, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T. Small Molecule Anti-biofilm Agents Developed on the Basis of Mechanistic Understanding of Biofilm Formation. Front Chem 2019; 7:742. [PMID: 31737611 PMCID: PMC6838868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are the cause of persistent infections associated with various medical implants and distinct body sites such as the urinary tract, lungs, and wounds. Compared with their free living counterparts, bacteria in biofilms display a highly increased resistance to immune system activities and antibiotic treatment. Therefore, biofilm infections are difficult or impossible to treat with our current armory of antibiotics. The challenges associated with biofilm infections have urged researchers to pursue a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the formation and dispersal of biofilms, and this has led to the identification of several steps that could be targeted in order to eradicate these challenging infections. Here we describe mechanisms that are involved in the regulation of biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii, and provide examples of chemical compounds that have been developed to specifically inhibit these processes. These compounds include (i) pilicides and curlicides which inhibit the initial steps of biofilm formation by E. coli; (ii) compounds that interfere with c-di-GMP signaling in P. aeruginosa and E. coli; and (iii) compounds that inhibit quorum-sensing in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. In cases where compound series have a defined molecular target, we focus on elucidating structure activity relationship (SAR) trends within the particular compound series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Qvortrup
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Dahl Hultqvist
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Nilsson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim Holm Jakobsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Uhd
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Bo Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Givskov
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ghilini F, Pissinis DE, Miñán A, Schilardi PL, Diaz C. How Functionalized Surfaces Can Inhibit Bacterial Adhesion and Viability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:4920-4936. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela Ghilini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego E. Pissinis
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Miñán
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia L. Schilardi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Diaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, UNLP − CONICET, CC16 Suc 4 (1900), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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43
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Jain N, Mansuri A. Stopping the Unstoppable: Unconventional Methods to Prevent the Biofilm Growth. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 17:515-522. [PMID: 31362660 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190726153441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are consortia of microorganisms encased in extracellular matrix that protect cells from adverse conditions. A biofilm matrix is typically composed of extracellular DNA, cellulose and proteinaceous amyloid fibers. The matrix aids in adhesion to abiotic and biotic surface including medical devices and host tissues. The presence of biofilm makes bacteria more resilient and non-responsive to most current treatment regimes at disposal. Therefore, biofilm-associated infections are serious threat in hospital settings and pose a huge burden on economy. Inhibition of matrix components (cellulose and/or amyloid formation) has emerged as a lucrative alternative strategy to cure biofilm-related infections and combat antibiotic resistance. Here we review the current and emerging therapeutic interventions to mitigate persistent infections due to biofilms. The successful implementation of these interventions will have a huge impact on alleviating the current financial burden on healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
| | - Abdulkhalik Mansuri
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
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44
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Cascioferro S, Parrino B, Petri GL, Cusimano MG, Schillaci D, Di Sarno V, Musella S, Giovannetti E, Cirrincione G, Diana P. 2,6-Disubstituted imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives as potent staphylococcal biofilm inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:200-210. [PMID: 30772604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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45
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Christen M, Kamischke C, Kulasekara HD, Olivas KC, Kulasekara BR, Christen B, Kline T, Miller SI. Identification of Small-Molecule Modulators of Diguanylate Cyclase by FRET-Based High-Throughput Screening. Chembiochem 2018; 20:394-407. [PMID: 30395379 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a key regulator of cellular motility, the cell cycle, and biofilm formation with its resultant antibiotic tolerance, which can make chronic infections difficult to treat. Therefore, diguanylate cyclases, which regulate the spatiotemporal production of c-di-GMP, might be attractive drug targets for control of biofilm formation that is part of chronic infections. We present a FRET-based biochemical high-throughput screening approach coupled with detailed structure-activity studies to identify synthetic small-molecule modulators of the diguanylate cyclase DgcA from Caulobacter crescentus. We identified a set of seven small molecules that regulate DgcA enzymatic activity in the low-micromolar range. Subsequent structure-activity studies on selected scaffolds revealed a remarkable diversity of modulatory behavior, including slight chemical substitutions that reverse the effects from allosteric enzyme inhibition to activation. The compounds identified represent new chemotypes and are potentially developable into chemical genetic tools for the dissection of c-di-GMP signaling networks and alteration of c-di-GMP-associated phenotypes. In sum, our studies underline the importance of detailed mechanism-of-action studies for inhibitors of c-di-GMP signaling and demonstrate the complex interplay between synthetic small molecules and the regulatory mechanisms that control the activity of diguanylate cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Christen
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Biology, Auguste-Piccard-Hof 1, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cassandra Kamischke
- University of Washington, Department of Microbiology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357710, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hemantha D Kulasekara
- University of Washington, Department of Microbiology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357710, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kathleen C Olivas
- Seattle Genetics, Inc., 21823 30th Drive SE, Bothell, WA, 98021, USA
| | - Bridget R Kulasekara
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357710, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Beat Christen
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Department of Biology, Otto-Stern-Weg-3, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Toni Kline
- Sutro Biopharma, 310 Utah Avenue, Suite 150, San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Samuel I Miller
- University of Washington, Department of Microbiology, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357710, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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El-Messery SM, Habib ESE, Al-Rashood STA, Hassan GS. Synthesis, antimicrobial, anti-biofilm evaluation, and molecular modelling study of new chalcone linked amines derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:818-832. [PMID: 29722582 PMCID: PMC6009874 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1461855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of amide chalcones conjugated with different secondary amines were synthesised and characterised by different spectroscopic techniques 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS. They were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity. Compounds 36, 37, 38, 42, and 44 are the most active among the synthesised series exhibiting MIC value of 2.0-10.0 µg/ml against different bacterial strains. Compound 36 was equipotent to the standard drug Ampicillin displaying MBC value of 2.0 µg/ml against the bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus. The products were screened for anti-biofilm activity. Compounds 36, 37, and 38 exhibited promising anti-biofilm activity with IC50 value ranges from 2.4 to 8.6 µg. Molecular modelling was performed suggesting parameters of signalling anti-biofilm mechanism. AspB327 HisB340 (arene-arene interaction) and IleB328 amino acid residues seemed of higher importance to inhibit c-di-GMP. Hydrophobicity may be crucial for activity. ADME calculations suggested that compounds 36, 37, and 38 could be used as good orally absorbed anti-biofilm agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda M. El-Messery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed E. Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sarah T. A. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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47
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Synthetic small molecules as anti-biofilm agents in the struggle against antibiotic resistance. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 161:154-178. [PMID: 30347328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation significantly contributes to microbial survival in hostile environments and it is currently considered a key virulence factor for pathogens responsible for serious chronic infections. In the last decade many efforts have been made to identify new agents able to modulate bacterial biofilm life cycle, and many compounds have shown interesting activities in inhibiting biofilm formation or in dispersing pre-formed biofilms. However, only a few of these compounds were tested using in vivo models for their clinical significance. Contrary to conventional antibiotics, most of the anti-biofilm compounds act as anti-virulence agents as they do not affect bacterial growth. In this review we selected the most relevant literature of the last decade, focusing on the development of synthetic small molecules able to prevent bacterial biofilm formation or to eradicate pre-existing biofilms of clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. In addition, we provide a comprehensive list of the possible targets to counteract biofilm formation and development, as well as a detailed discussion the advantages and disadvantages of the different current biofilm-targeting strategies.
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48
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Tiwari V, Meena K, Tiwari M. Differential anti-microbial secondary metabolites in different ESKAPE pathogens explain their adaptation in the hospital setup. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:57-65. [PMID: 30227225 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections are caused by ESKAPE (E. faecium, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. cloacae) pathogens, and their co-existence is associated with their ability to survive in the hospital setup. They may produce molecules, which helps in the better survival of one ESKAPE pathogens over other. We have identified all secondary metabolite gene clusters in six ESKAPE pathogens and predicted antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of their product secondary metabolites. To validate our model, we have taken the secondary metabolites of ESKAPE pathogens and studied their interaction with diguanylate cyclase (involved in quorum sensing) and biofilm-associated protein (involved in biofilm formation) of Acinetobacter baumannii. Results suggest the presence of differential secondary metabolites in all ESKAPE pathogens with only three common non-antimicrobial secondary metabolites. Out of twenty-three antimicrobial secondary metabolites, TP-1161, nosiheptide and meilingmycin, showed the best antimicrobial activity and nineteen showed high anti-biofilm activity. Interaction study showed that secondary metabolites produced by other ESKAPE pathogens (non-Acinetobacter) have very good interaction with diguanylate cyclase and biofilm-associated protein of A. baumannii. This concludes that better survival of these ESKAPE pathogens in hospital setup can be correlated with differential production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites. The present study also investigates the molecular mechanism of the competition of different pathogens living in similar hospital setup (similar habitat). Therefore, the present study will initiate research that might lead to the discovery of antibiotics from one ESKAPE pathogen that controls the infection of other ESKAPE pathogens or other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishvanath Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, -305817, India.
| | - Kiran Meena
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, -305817, India
| | - Monalisa Tiwari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, -305817, India
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49
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Parrino B, Diana P, Cirrincione G, Cascioferro S. Bacterial Biofilm Inhibition in the Development of Effective Anti-Virulence Strategy. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:84-87. [PMID: 30288179 PMCID: PMC6142660 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Parrino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Diana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Cirrincione
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stella Cascioferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Chimica e Tecnologie Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 32, 90123, Palermo, Italy
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50
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Opoku-Temeng C, Sintim HO. Targeting c-di-GMP Signaling, Biofilm Formation, and Bacterial Motility with Small Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1657:419-430. [PMID: 28889311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7240-1_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria possess several signaling molecules that regulate distinct phenotypes. Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) has emerged as a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates bacterial virulence, cell cycle, motility, and biofilm formation. The link between c-di-GMP signaling and biofilm formation affords novel strategies for treatment of biofilm-associated infections, which is a major public health problem. The complex c-di-GMP signaling pathway creates a hurdle in the development of small molecule modulators. Nonetheless, some progress has been made in this regard and inhibitors of c-di-GMP metabolizing enzymes that affect biofilm formation and motility have been documented. Herein we discuss the components of c-di-GMP signaling, their correlation with biofilm formation as well as motility and reported small molecule inhibitors of c-di-GMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Opoku-Temeng
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Biochemistry Graduate Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 500 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA. .,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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