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Ji S, Rizk MA, Galon EM, El-Alfy ES, Mizukawa Y, Kojima M, Ikegami-Kawai M, Kaya M, Liu M, Itoh I, Xuan X. Anti-babesial activity of a series of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4-diamines (DMQDAs). Acta Trop 2024; 249:107069. [PMID: 37952866 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Diminazene aceturate (DA), imidocarb dipropionate (ID), atovaquone (ATO), azithromycin (AZI), clindamycin, and quinine have been used to treat animal and human babesiosis for many years, despite their negative effects and rising indications of resistance. Thus, finding anti-babesial compounds that can either treat the infection or lower the dose of drugs given has been a primary objective. Quinazolines are one of the most important nitrogen heterocycles, with a wide range of pharmacological activities including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic, anti-histaminic, anti-cancer, and anti-protozoan properties. The present study investigated the anti-babesial activities of twenty 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4-diamines on Babesia spp. One candidate, 6,7-dimethoxy-N4-ethylisopropyl-N2-ethyl(pyridin-4-yl)quinazoline-2,4-diamine (SHG02), showed potent inhibition on Babesia gibsoni in vitro, as well as on B. microti and B. rodhaini in mice. Our findings indicate that the candidate compound SHG02 is promising for further development of anti-babesial drugs and provides a new structure to be explored for developing anti-Babesia therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite 4122, Philippines
| | - El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yuki Mizukawa
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kojima
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikegami-Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kaya
- Center for Industry-University Collaboration, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441053, China
| | - Isamu Itoh
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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Patra J, Rana D, Arora S, Pal M, Mahindroo N. Falcipains: Biochemistry, target validation and structure-activity relationship studies of inhibitors as antimalarials. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115299. [PMID: 36996716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease with significant morbidity and mortality burden caused by Plasmodium species in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and South America. Pathogenic Plasmodium species have lately become increasingly resistant to approved chemotherapeutics and combination therapies. Therefore, there is an emergent need for identifying new druggable targets and novel chemical classes against the parasite. Falcipains, cysteine proteases required for heme metabolism in the erythrocytic stage, have emerged as promising drug targets against Plasmodium species that infect humans. This perspective discusses the biology, biochemistry, structural features, and genetics of falcipains. The efforts to identify selective or dual inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships are reviewed to give a perspective on the design of novel compounds targeting falcipains for antimalarial activity evaluating reasons for hits and misses for this important target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan Patra
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Prem Nagar, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Devika Rana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Smriti Arora
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Prem Nagar, Uttarakhand, 248007, India
| | - Mintu Pal
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bathinda, Punjab, 151001, India
| | - Neeraj Mahindroo
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Bidholi, Via Prem Nagar, Uttarakhand, 248007, India; School of Health Sciences and Technology, Dr. Vishwanath Karad MIT World Peace University, 124 Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India.
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Ettari R, Previti S, Di Chio C, Zappalà M. Falcipain-2 and Falcipain-3 Inhibitors as Promising Antimalarial Agents. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3010-3031. [PMID: 32744954 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200730215316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria remains a serious problem in global public health, particularly widespread in South America and in tropical regions of Africa and Asia. Chemotherapy is actually the only way to treat this poverty-related disease, since an effective vaccine is not currently available. However, the onset of resistance to the most common antimalarial drugs sometimes makes the current therapeutic regimen problematic. Therefore, the identification of new targets for a new drug discovery process is an urgent priority. In this context, falcipain-2 and falcipain- 3 of P. falciparum represent the key enzymes in the life-cycle of the parasite. Both falcipain- 2 and falcipain-3 are involved in hemoglobin hydrolysis, an essential pathway to provide free amino acids for the parasite metabolic needs. In addition, falcipain-2 is involved in cleaving ankirin and band 4.1 protein, which are cytoskeletal elements essential for the stability of the red cell membrane. This review article is focused on the most recent and effective inhibitors of falcipain-2 and falcipain-3, with particular attention to peptide, peptidomimetic or nonpeptide inhibitors, which targeted one or both the malarial cysteine proteases, endowed with a consistent activity against P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Santo Previti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carla Di Chio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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4
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Mizukawa Y, Ikegami-Kawai M, Horiuchi M, Kaiser M, Kojima M, Sakanoue S, Miyagi S, Nanga Chick C, Togashi H, Tsubuki M, Ihara M, Usuki T, Itoh I. Quest for a potent antimalarial drug lead: Synthesis and evaluation of 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4-diamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 33:116018. [PMID: 33524940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Quinazolines have long been known to exert varied pharmacologic activities that make them suitable for use in treating hypertension, viral infections, tumors, and malaria. Since 2014, we have synthesized approximately 150 different 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline-2,4-diamines and evaluated their antimalarial activity via structure-activity relationship studies. Here, we summarize the results and report the discovery of 6,7-dimethoxy-N4-(1-phenylethyl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)quinazolin-4-amine (20, SSJ-717), which exhibits high antimalarial activity as a promising antimalarial drug lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Mizukawa
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ikegami-Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Masako Horiuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical & Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4000 Basel CH-4002, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4003 Basel CH-4003, Switzerland
| | - Masayoshi Kojima
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Seiki Sakanoue
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Seiya Miyagi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Christian Nanga Chick
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Togashi
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Tsubuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Ihara
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.
| | - Isamu Itoh
- Synstar Japan Co., Ltd., 2-9-46 Sakaecho, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0011, Japan.
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Manhas A, Lone MY, Jha PC. Multicomplex-based pharmacophore modeling in conjunction with multi-target docking and molecular dynamics simulations for the identification of PfDHFR inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:4181-4199. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1540362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Manhas
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Mohsin Y. Lone
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Chen W, Huang Z, Wang W, Mao F, Guan L, Tang Y, Jiang H, Li J, Huang J, Jiang L, Zhu J. Discovery of new antimalarial agents: Second-generation dual inhibitors against FP-2 and PfDHFR via fragments assembely. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6467-6478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Bule MH, Ahmed I, Maqbool F, Zia MA. Quinazolinone Derivatives as a Potential Class of Compounds in Malaria Drug Discovery. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.818.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Floyd DM, Stein P, Wang Z, Liu J, Castro S, Clark JA, Connelly M, Zhu F, Holbrook G, Matheny A, Sigal MS, Min J, Dhinakaran R, Krishnan S, Bashyum S, Knapp S, Guy RK. Hit-to-Lead Studies for the Antimalarial Tetrahydroisoquinolone Carboxanilides. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7950-62. [PMID: 27505686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic whole-cell screening in erythrocytic cocultures of Plasmodium falciparum identified a series of dihydroisoquinolones that possessed potent antimalarial activity against multiple resistant strains of P. falciparum in vitro and show no cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Systematic structure-activity studies revealed relationships between potency and modifications at N-2, C-3, and C-4. Careful structure-property relationship studies, coupled with studies of metabolism, addressed the poor aqueous solubility and metabolic vulnerability, as well as potential toxicological effects, inherent in the more potent primary screening hits such as 10b. Analogues 13h and 13i, with structural modifications at each site, were shown to possess excellent antimalarial activity in vivo. The (+)-(3S,4S) enantiomer of 13i and similar analogues were identified as the more potent. On the basis of these studies, we have selected (+)-13i for further study as a preclinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Floyd
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Philip Stein
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Steve Castro
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - Julie A Clark
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Michele Connelly
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Fangyi Zhu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Gloria Holbrook
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Amy Matheny
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Martina S Sigal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
| | - Rajkumar Dhinakaran
- Syngene International Ltd. , Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India 560 099
| | - Senthil Krishnan
- Syngene International Ltd. , Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India 560 099
| | - Sridevi Bashyum
- Syngene International Ltd. , Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India 560 099
| | - Spencer Knapp
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 United States
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, Tennessee 38105 United States
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Nyíri K, Vértessy BG. Perturbation of genome integrity to fight pathogenic microorganisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3593-3612. [PMID: 27217086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance against antibiotics is unfortunately still a major biomedical challenge for a wide range of pathogens responsible for potentially fatal diseases. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this study, we aim at providing a critical assessment of the recent advances in design and use of drugs targeting genome integrity by perturbation of thymidylate biosynthesis. MAJOR CONCLUSION We find that research efforts from several independent laboratories resulted in chemically highly distinct classes of inhibitors of key enzymes within the routes of thymidylate biosynthesis. The present article covers numerous studies describing perturbation of this metabolic pathway in some of the most challenging pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, and Staphylococcus aureus. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our comparative analysis allows a thorough summary of the current approaches to target thymidylate biosynthesis enzymes and also include an outlook suggesting novel ways of inhibitory strategies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Science for Life" Guest Editor: Dr. Austen Angell, Dr. Salvatore Magazù and Dr. Federica Migliardo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Nyíri
- Dept. Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 4 Szent Gellért tér, Budapest HU 1111, Hungary; Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, Budapest HU 1117, Hungary.
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Dept. Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 4 Szent Gellért tér, Budapest HU 1111, Hungary; Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, Budapest HU 1117, Hungary.
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10
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Rodrigues CAB, Frade RFM, Albuquerque IS, Perry MJ, Gut J, Machado M, Rosenthal PJ, Prudêncio M, Afonso CAM, Moreira R. Targeting the Erythrocytic and Liver Stages of Malaria Parasites withs-Triazine-Based Hybrids. ChemMedChem 2015; 10:883-90. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Despite a century of control and eradication campaigns, malaria remains one of the world's most devastating diseases. Our once-powerful therapeutic weapons are losing the war against the Plasmodium parasite, whose ability to rapidly develop and spread drug resistance hamper past and present malaria-control efforts. Finding new and effective treatments for malaria is now a top global health priority, fuelling an increase in funding and promoting open-source collaborations between researchers and pharmaceutical consortia around the world. The result of this is rapid advances in drug discovery approaches and technologies, with three major methods for antimalarial drug development emerging: (i) chemistry-based, (ii) target-based, and (iii) cell-based. Common to all three of these approaches is the unique ability of structural biology to inform and accelerate drug development. Where possible, SBDD (structure-based drug discovery) is a foundation for antimalarial drug development programmes, and has been invaluable to the development of a number of current pre-clinical and clinical candidates. However, as we expand our understanding of the malarial life cycle and mechanisms of resistance development, SBDD as a field must continue to evolve in order to develop compounds that adhere to the ideal characteristics for novel antimalarial therapeutics and to avoid high attrition rates pre- and post-clinic. In the present review, we aim to examine the contribution that SBDD has made to current antimalarial drug development efforts, covering hit discovery to lead optimization and prevention of parasite resistance. Finally, the potential for structural biology, particularly high-throughput structural genomics programmes, to identify future targets for drug discovery are discussed.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The folate biosynthetic pathway, responsible for the de novo synthesis of thymidine and other key cellular components, is essential in all life forms and is especially critical in rapidly proliferating cells. As such, druggable targets along this pathway offer opportunities to impact many disease states such as cancer, infectious disease and autoimmune disease. In this article, recent progress on the development of antifolate compounds is reviewed. AREAS COVERED The evaluation of the patent literature during the period 2010 - 2013 focused on any compounds inhibiting recognized targets on the folate biosynthetic pathway. EXPERT OPINION The folate pathway constitutes a well-validated and well-characterized set of targets; this pathway continues to elicit considerable enthusiasm for new drug discovery from both academic and industrial pharmaceutical research groups. Within the pathway, the enzymes dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase persist as the most attractive targets for new drug discovery for the treatment of cancer and infectious disease. Importantly, new potential targets for antifolates such as those on the purine biosynthetic pathway have been recently explored. The use of structure-based drug design is a major aspect in modern approaches to these drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Anderson
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 69 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269 , USA
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13
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Chemical suppression of defects in mitotic spindle assembly, redox control, and sterol biosynthesis by hydroxyurea. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2014; 4:39-48. [PMID: 24192836 PMCID: PMC3887538 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.009100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We describe the results of a systematic search for a class of hitherto-overlooked chemical-genetic interactions in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome, which exists between a detrimental genetic mutation and a chemical/drug that can ameliorate, rather than exacerbate, that detriment. We refer to this type of interaction as “chemical suppression.” Our work was driven by the hypothesis that genome instability in a certain class of mutants could be alleviated by mild replication inhibition using chemicals/drugs. We queried a collection of conditionally lethal, i.e., temperature-sensitive, alleles representing 40% of the yeast essential genes for those mutants whose growth defect can be suppressed by hydroxyurea (HU), known as a potent DNA replication inhibitor, at the restrictive temperature. Unexpectedly, we identified a number of mutants defective in diverse cellular pathways other than DNA replication. Here we report that HU suppresses selected mutants defective in the kinetochore-microtubule attachment pathway during mitotic chromosome segregation. HU also suppresses an ero1-1 mutant defective for a thiol oxidase of the endoplasmic reticulum by providing oxidation equivalents. Finally, we report that HU suppresses an erg26-1 mutant defective for a C-3 sterol dehydrogenase through regulating iron homeostasis and in turn impacting ergosterol biosynthesis. We further demonstrate that cells carrying the erg26-1 mutation show an increased rate of mitochondrial DNA loss and delayed G1 to S phase transition. We conclude that systematic gathering of a compendium of “chemical suppression” of yeast mutants by genotoxic drugs will not only enable the identification of novel functions of both chemicals and genes, but also have profound implications in cautionary measures of anticancer intervention in humans.
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Ibrahim N, Ibrahim H, Dormoi J, Briolant S, Pradines B, Moreno A, Mazier D, Legrand P, Nepveu F. Albumin-bound nanoparticles of practically water-insoluble antimalarial lead greatly enhance its efficacy. Int J Pharm 2014; 464:214-24. [PMID: 24412521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that the indolone-N-oxides can be promising candidates for the treatment of chloroquine-resistant malaria. However, the in vivo assays have been hampered by the very poor aqueous solubility of these compounds resulting in poor and variable activity. Here, we describe the preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of biodegradable albumin-bound indolone-N-oxide nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were prepared by precipitation followed by high-pressure homogenization and characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. The process was optimized to yield nanoparticles of controllable diameter with narrow size distribution suitable for intravenous administration, which guarantees direct drug contact with parasitized erythrocytes. Stable nanoparticles showed greatly enhanced dissolution rate (complete drug release within 30 min compared to 1.5% of pure drug) preserving the rapid antimalarial activity. The formulation achieved complete cure of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice at 25mg/kg with parasitemia inhibition (99.1%) comparable to that of artesunate and chloroquine and was remarkably more effective in prolonging survival time and inhibiting recrudescence. In 'humanized' mice infected with Plasmodium falciparum, the same dose proved to be highly effective: with parasitemia reduced by 97.5% and the mean survival time prolonged. This formulation can help advance the preclinical trials of indolone-N-oxides. Albumin-bound nanoparticles represent a new strategic approach to use this most abundant plasma protein to target malaria-infected erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Ibrahim
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 (Laboratoire de pharmacochimie et pharmacologie pour le développement, Pharma-DEV), F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; IRD, UMR 152, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Hany Ibrahim
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 (Laboratoire de pharmacochimie et pharmacologie pour le développement, Pharma-DEV), F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; IRD, UMR 152, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Jerome Dormoi
- Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Le Pharo, 13262 Marseille, France; Unité de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - Sébastien Briolant
- Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Le Pharo, 13262 Marseille, France; Unité de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - Bruno Pradines
- Unité de Parasitologie, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Le Pharo, 13262 Marseille, France; Unité de Recherche Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Université Aix-Marseille, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France
| | - Alicia Moreno
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U945, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S945, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U945, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service Parasitologie-Mycologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Institut Charles-Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS/UM2/ENSCM/UM1, 8 rue de l'école Normale, 34296 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Françoise Nepveu
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, UMR 152 (Laboratoire de pharmacochimie et pharmacologie pour le développement, Pharma-DEV), F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France; IRD, UMR 152, F-31062 Toulouse cedex 9, France
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15
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Pacheco Homem D, Flores R, Tosqui P, de Castro Rozada T, Abicht Basso E, Gasparotto Junior A, Augusto Vicente Seixas F. Homology modeling of dihydrofolate reductase from T. gondii bonded to antagonists: molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2013; 9:1308-15. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mb25530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Chatterjee AK, Yeung BKS. Back to the future: lessons learned in modern target-based and whole-cell lead optimization of antimalarials. Curr Top Med Chem 2012; 12:473-83. [PMID: 22242845 PMCID: PMC3355380 DOI: 10.2174/156802612799362977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antimalarial drug discovery has historically benefited from the whole-cell (phenotypic) screening approach to identify lead molecules in the search for new drugs. However over the past two decades there has been a shift in the pharmaceutical industry to move away from whole-cell screening to target-based approaches. As part of a Wellcome Trust and Medicines for Malaria Venture (MMV) funded consortium to discover new blood-stage antimalarials, we used both approaches to identify new antimalarial chemotypes, two of which have progressed beyond the lead optimization phase and display excellent in vivo efficacy in mice. These two advanced series were identified through a cell-based optimization devoid of target information and in this review we summarize the advantages of this approach versus a target-based optimization. Although the each lead optimization required slightly different medicinal chemistry strategies, we observed some common issues across the different the scaffolds which could be applied to other cell based lead optimization programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab K Chatterjee
- Genomics Institute, Novartis Research Foundation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION For > 50 years, drugs targeting the folate pathway have significantly impacted disease treatment as anticancer, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agents. The discovery of novel antifolate agents with improved properties and superior activities remains an attractive strategy, both in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. AREAS COVERED This review surveys the patent literature from 2006 to 2010 for small molecule inhibitors of enzymatic targets in the folate biosynthetic pathway. EXPERT OPINION The pursuit of antifolates as anticancer and antimicrobial agents continues to be an active area of research. New patent disclosures reveal novel antifolate scaffolds, antifolates with improved drug-like properties and new strategies to effectively target cancer cells. The continued use of high resolution structural information has guided the discovery of several compounds. Owing to the need for high levels of potency and selectivity, especially in targeting pathogenic species, the use of high resolution crystal structures remains an important tool to guide the design of novel antifolates. Interestingly, the patents disclosing novel compounds were ones where X-ray crystallography was an integral component of the design process. Finally, a variety of new structures have been reported that may play an important role in the future development of therapeutic antifolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis L Wright
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , 69 N. Eagleville Rd. Storrs, CT, USA
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18
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Gujjar R, El Mazouni F, White KL, White J, Creason S, Shackleford DM, Deng X, Charman WN, Bathurst I, Burrows J, Floyd DM, Matthews D, Buckner FS, Charman SA, Phillips MA, Rathod PK. Lead optimization of aryl and aralkyl amine-based triazolopyrimidine inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase with antimalarial activity in mice. J Med Chem 2011; 54:3935-49. [PMID: 21517059 DOI: 10.1021/jm200265b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the leading causes of severe infectious disease worldwide; yet, our ability to maintain effective therapy to combat the illness is continually challenged by the emergence of drug resistance. We previously reported identification of a new class of triazolopyrimidine-based Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (PfDHODH) inhibitors with antimalarial activity, leading to the discovery of a new lead series and novel target for drug development. Active compounds from the series contained a triazolopyrimidine ring attached to an aromatic group through a bridging nitrogen atom. Herein, we describe systematic efforts to optimize the aromatic functionality with the goal of improving potency and in vivo properties of compounds from the series. These studies led to the identification of two new substituted aniline moieties (4-SF(5)-Ph and 3,5-Di-F-4-CF(3)-Ph), which, when coupled to the triazolopyrimidine ring, showed good plasma exposure and better efficacy in the Plasmodium berghei mouse model of the disease than previously reported compounds from the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Gujjar
- Department of Chemistry and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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19
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Burrows JN, Waterson D. Discovering New Medicines to Control and Eradicate Malaria. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2011_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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