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Bhalla N, Nanda RK. Pangenome-wide association study reveals the selective absence of CRISPR genes (Rv2816c-19c) in drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0052724. [PMID: 38916315 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00527-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of intermittently dispersed insertion sequences and transposases in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genome makes intra-genome recombination events inevitable. Understanding their effect on the gene repertoires (GR), which may contribute to the development of drug-resistant Mtb, is critical. In this study, publicly available WGS data of clinical Mtb isolates (endemic region n = 2,601; non-endemic region n = 1,130) were de novo assembled, filtered, scaffolded into assemblies, and functionally annotated. Out of 2,601 Mtb WGS data sets from endemic regions, 2,184 (drug resistant/sensitive: 1,386/798) qualified as high quality. We identified 3,784 core genes, 123 softcore genes, 224 shell genes, and 762 cloud genes in the pangenome of Mtb clinical isolates from endemic regions. Sets of 33 and 39 genes showed positive and negative associations (P < 0.01) with drug resistance status, respectively. Gene ontology clustering showed compromised immunity to phages and impaired DNA repair in drug-resistant Mtb clinical isolates compared to the sensitive ones. Multidrug efflux pump repressor genes (Rv3830c and Rv3855c) and CRISPR genes (Rv2816c-19c) were absent in the drug-resistant Mtb. A separate WGS data analysis of drug-resistant Mtb clinical isolates from the Netherlands (n = 1130) also showed the absence of CRISPR genes (Rv2816c-17c). This study highlights the role of CRISPR genes in drug resistance development in Mtb clinical isolates and helps in understanding its evolutionary trajectory and as useful targets for diagnostics development.IMPORTANCEThe results from the present Pan-GWAS study comparing gene sets in drug-resistant and drug-sensitive Mtb clinical isolates revealed intricate presence-absence patterns of genes encoding DNA-binding proteins having gene regulatory as well as DNA modification and DNA repair roles. Apart from the genes with known functions, some uncharacterized and hypothetical genes that seem to have a potential role in drug resistance development in Mtb were identified. We have been able to extrapolate many findings of the present study with the existing literature on the molecular aspects of drug-resistant Mtb, further strengthening the relevance of the results presented in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhalla
- Translational Health Group, International Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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2
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Choudhery S, DeJesus MA, Srinivasan A, Rock J, Schnappinger D, Ioerger TR. A dose-response model for statistical analysis of chemical genetic interactions in CRISPRi screens. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011408. [PMID: 38768228 PMCID: PMC11104602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
An important application of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) technology is for identifying chemical-genetic interactions (CGIs). Discovery of genes that interact with exposure to antibiotics can yield insights to drug targets and mechanisms of action or resistance. The objective is to identify CRISPRi mutants whose relative abundance is suppressed (or enriched) in the presence of a drug when the target protein is depleted, reflecting synergistic behavior. Different sgRNAs for a given target can induce a wide range of protein depletion and differential effects on growth rate. The effect of sgRNA strength can be partially predicted based on sequence features. However, the actual growth phenotype depends on the sensitivity of cells to depletion of the target protein. For essential genes, sgRNA efficiency can be empirically measured by quantifying effects on growth rate. We observe that the most efficient sgRNAs are not always optimal for detecting synergies with drugs. sgRNA efficiency interacts in a non-linear way with drug sensitivity, producing an effect where the concentration-dependence is maximized for sgRNAs of intermediate strength (and less so for sgRNAs that induce too much or too little target depletion). To capture this interaction, we propose a novel statistical method called CRISPRi-DR (for Dose-Response model) that incorporates both sgRNA efficiencies and drug concentrations in a modified dose-response equation. We use CRISPRi-DR to re-analyze data from a recent CGI experiment in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify genes that interact with antibiotics. This approach can be generalized to non-CGI datasets, which we show via an CRISPRi dataset for E. coli growth on different carbon sources. The performance is competitive with the best of several related analytical methods. However, for noisier datasets, some of these methods generate far more significant interactions, likely including many false positives, whereas CRISPRi-DR maintains higher precision, which we observed in both empirical and simulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Choudhery
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael A. DeJesus
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aarthi Srinivasan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Rock
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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3
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Choudhery S, DeJesus MA, Srinivasan A, Rock J, Schnappinger D, Ioerger TR. A dose-response model for statistical analysis of chemical genetic interactions in CRISPRi screens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.03.551759. [PMID: 37577548 PMCID: PMC10418283 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
An important application of CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) technology is for identifying chemical-genetic interactions (CGIs). Discovery of genes that interact with exposure to antibiotics can yield insights to drug targets and mechanisms of action or resistance. The objective is to identify CRISPRi mutants whose relative abundance is suppressed (or enriched) in the presence of a drug when the target protein is depleted, reflecting synergistic behavior. Different sgRNAs for a given target can induce a wide range of protein depletion and differential effects on growth rate. The effect of sgRNA strength can be partially predicted based on sequence features. However, the actual growth phenotype depends on the sensitivity of cells to depletion of the target protein. For essential genes, sgRNA efficiency can be empirically measured by quantifying effects on growth rate. We observe that the most efficient sgRNAs are not always optimal for detecting synergies with drugs. sgRNA efficiency interacts in a non-linear way with drug sensitivity, producing an effect where the concentration-dependence is maximized for sgRNAs of intermediate strength (and less so for sgRNAs that induce too much or too little target depletion). To capture this interaction, we propose a novel statistical method called CRISPRi-DR (for Dose-Response model) that incorporates both sgRNA efficiencies and drug concentrations in a modified dose-response equation. We use CRISPRi-DR to re-analyze data from a recent CGI experiment in Mycobacterium tuberculosis to identify genes that interact with antibiotics. This approach can be generalized to non-CGI datasets, which we show via an CRISPRi dataset for E. coli growth on different carbon sources. The performance is competitive with the best of several related analytical methods. However, for noisier datasets, some of these methods generate far more significant interactions, likely including many false positives, whereas CRISPRi-DR maintains higher precision, which we observed in both empirical and simulated data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevani Choudhery
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael A. DeJesus
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Aarthi Srinivasan
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Rock
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas R. Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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4
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Guo C, Chen Q, Fan G, Sun Y, Nie J, Shen Z, Meng Z, Zhou Y, Li S, Wang S, Ma J, Sun Q, Wu L. gcPathogen: a comprehensive genomic resource of human pathogens for public health. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:D714-D723. [PMID: 37850635 PMCID: PMC10767814 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present the manually curated Global Catalogue of Pathogens (gcPathogen), an extensive genomic resource designed to facilitate rapid and accurate pathogen analysis, epidemiological exploration and monitoring of antibiotic resistance features and virulence factors. The catalogue seamlessly integrates and analyzes genomic data and associated metadata for human pathogens isolated from infected patients, animal hosts, food and the environment. The pathogen list is supported by evidence from medical or government pathogenic lists and publications. The current version of gcPathogen boasts an impressive collection of 1 164 974 assemblies comprising 986 044 strains from 497 bacterial taxa, 4794 assemblies encompassing 4319 strains from 265 fungal taxa, 89 965 assemblies featuring 13 687 strains from 222 viral taxa, and 646 assemblies including 387 strains from 159 parasitic taxa. Through this database, researchers gain access to a comprehensive 'one-stop shop' that facilitates global, long-term public health surveillance while enabling in-depth analysis of genomes, sequence types, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements across different countries, diseases and hosts. To access and explore the data and statistics, an interactive web interface has been developed, which can be accessed at https://nmdc.cn/gcpathogen/. This user-friendly platform allows seamless querying and exploration of the extensive information housed within the gcPathogen database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongye Guo
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guomei Fan
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingyi Nie
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhihong Shen
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuanchun Zhou
- Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shiwen Li
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Juncai Ma
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qinglan Sun
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linhuan Wu
- Microbial Resource and Big Data Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Chinese National Microbiology Data Center (NMDC), Beijing 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Silcocks M, Chang X, Thuong Thuong NT, Qin Y, Minh Ha DT, Khac Thai PV, Vijay S, Anh Thu DD, Ngoc Ha VT, Ngoc Nhung H, Huu Lan N, Quynh Nhu NT, Edwards D, Nath A, Pham K, Duc Bang N, Hong Chau TT, Thwaites G, Heemskerk AD, Chuen Khor C, Teo YY, Inouye M, Ong RTH, Caws M, Holt KE, Dunstan SJ. Evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance is driven by Beijing lineage Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0256223. [PMID: 37971428 PMCID: PMC10714959 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02562-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) infection is a growing and potent concern, and combating it will be necessary to achieve the WHO's goal of a 95% reduction in TB deaths by 2035. While prior studies have explored the evolution and spread of drug resistance, we still lack a clear understanding of the fitness costs (if any) imposed by resistance-conferring mutations and the role that Mtb genetic lineage plays in determining the likelihood of resistance evolution. This study offers insight into these questions by assessing the dynamics of resistance evolution in a high-burden Southeast Asian setting with a diverse lineage composition. It demonstrates that there are clear lineage-specific differences in the dynamics of resistance acquisition and transmission and shows that different lineages evolve resistance via characteristic mutational pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Silcocks
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xuling Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, , Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat–National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Youwen Qin
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dang Thi Minh Ha
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for TB and Lung Disease, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phan Vuong Khac Thai
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for TB and Lung Disease, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Srinivasan Vijay
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Theoretical Microbial Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Do Dang Anh Thu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Ngoc Ha
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Ngoc Nhung
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Lan
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for TB and Lung Disease, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Quynh Nhu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - David Edwards
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Artika Nath
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kym Pham
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nguyen Duc Bang
- Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital for TB and Lung Disease, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Hong Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A. Dorothee Heemskerk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Yik Ying Teo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rick Twee-Hee Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maxine Caws
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Birat Nepal Medical Trust, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kathryn E. Holt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Dunstan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Mekonnen D, Munshea A, Nibret E, Adnew B, Getachew H, Kebede A, Gebrewahid A, Herrera-Leon S, Aramendia AA, Benito A, Abascal E, Jacqueline C, Aseffa A, Herrera-Leon L. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sub-Lineage 4.2.2/SIT149 as Dominant Drug-Resistant Clade in Northwest Ethiopia 2020-2022: In-silico Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:6859-6870. [PMID: 37908783 PMCID: PMC10614653 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s429001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drug resistance (DR) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is mainly associated with certain lineages and varies across regions and countries. The Beijing genotype is the leading resistant lineage in Asia and western countries. M. tuberculosis (Mtb) (sub) lineages responsible for most drug resistance in Ethiopia are not well described. Hence, this study aimed to identify the leading drug resistance sub-lineages and characterize first-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2022 among new and presumptive multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB) cases in Northwest Ethiopia. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 161 isolates using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 technology. The SNP mutations associated with drug resistance were identified using MtbSeq and TB profiler Bioinformatics softwares. Results Of the 146 Mtb isolates that were successfully genotyped, 20 (13.7%) harbored one or more resistance-associated SNPs. L4.2.2.ETH was the leading drug-resistant sub-lineage, accounting for 10/20 (50%) of the resistant Mtb. MDR-TB isolates showed extensive mutations against first-line anti-TB drugs. Ser450Leu/(tcg/tTg) for Rifampicin (RIF), Ser315Thr/(agc/aCc) for Isoniazid (INH), Met306Ile/(atg/atA(C)) for Ethambutol (EMB), and Gly69Asp for Streptomycin (STR) were the leading resistance associated mutations which accounted for 56.5%, 89.5%, 47%, and 29.4%, respectively. The presence of both clustered and non-clustered drug resistance (DR) isolates indicated that the epidemics is driven by both new DR development and acquired resistance. Conclusion The high prevalence of drug-resistant TB due to geographically restricted sub-lineages (L4.2.2.ETH) indicates the ongoing local micro epidemics. The Mtb drug resistance surveillance system must be improved. Further evolutionary analysis of L4.2.2.ETH strain is highly desirable to understand evolutionary forces that leads L4.2.2.ETH in to high level DR and transmissible sub-lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mekonnen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abaineh Munshea
- Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Endalkachew Nibret
- Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
- Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Amiro Kebede
- Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Silvia Herrera-Leon
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Benito
- National Center of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Health Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Abascal
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Camille Jacqueline
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- European Public Health Microbiology Training Programme, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Laura Herrera-Leon
- National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Howarth RE, Pattillo CM, Griffitts JS, Calvopina-Chavez DG. Three genes controlling streptomycin susceptibility in Agrobacterium fabrum. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0016523. [PMID: 37695858 PMCID: PMC10521367 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00165-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomycin (Sm) is a commonly used antibiotic for its efficacy against diverse bacteria. The plant pathogen Agrobacterium fabrum is a model for studying pathogenesis and interkingdom gene transfer. Streptomycin-resistant variants of A. fabrum are commonly employed in genetic analyses, yet mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to streptomycin in this organism have not previously been investigated. We observe that resistance to a high concentration of streptomycin arises at high frequency in A. fabrum, and we attribute this trait to the presence of a chromosomal gene (strB) encoding a putative aminoglycoside phosphotransferase. We show how strB, along with rpsL (encoding ribosomal protein S12) and rsmG (encoding a 16S rRNA methyltransferase), modulates streptomycin sensitivity in A. fabrum. IMPORTANCE The plant pathogen Agrobacterium fabrum is a widely used model bacterium for studying biofilms, bacterial motility, pathogenesis, and gene transfer from bacteria to plants. Streptomycin (Sm) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic known for its broad efficacy against gram-negative bacteria. A. fabrum exhibits endogenous resistance to somewhat high levels of streptomycin, but the mechanism underlying this resistance has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that this resistance is caused by a chromosomally encoded streptomycin-inactivating enzyme, StrB, that has not been previously characterized in A. fabrum. Furthermore, we show how the genes rsmG, rpsL, and strB jointly modulate streptomycin susceptibility in A. fabrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn E. Howarth
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Curtis M. Pattillo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Joel S. Griffitts
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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8
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Rao M, Wollenberg K, Harris M, Kulavalli S, Thomas L, Chawla K, Shenoy VP, Varma M, Saravu K, Hande HM, Shanthigrama Vasudeva CS, Jeffrey B, Gabrielian A, Rosenthal A. Lineage classification and antitubercular drug resistance surveillance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by whole-genome sequencing in Southern India. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0453122. [PMID: 37671895 PMCID: PMC10580826 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04531-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing has created a revolution in tuberculosis management by providing a comprehensive picture of the various genetic polymorphisms with unprecedented accuracy. Studies mapping genomic heterogeneity in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a whole-genome sequencing approach from high tuberculosis burden countries are underrepresented. We report whole-genome sequencing results of 242 clinical isolates of culture-confirmed M. tuberculosis isolates from tuberculosis patients referred to a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates in our study belonged to five different lineages, with Indo-Oceanic (lineage 1, n = 122) and East-African Indian (lineage 3, n = 80) being the most prevalent. We report several mutations in genes conferring resistance to first and second line antitubercular drugs including the genes rpoB, katG, ahpC, inhA, fabG1, embB, pncA, rpsL, rrs, and gyrA. The majority of these mutations were identified in relatively high proportions in lineage 1. Our study highlights the utility of whole-genome sequencing as a potential supplemental tool to the existing genotypic and phenotypic methods, in providing expedited comprehensive surveillance of mutations that may be associated with antitubercular drug resistance as well as lineage characterization of M. tuberculosis isolates. Further larger-scale whole-genome datasets with linked minimum inhibition concentration testing are imperative for resolving the discrepancies between whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic drug sensitivity testing results and quantifying the level of the resistance associated with the mutations for optimization of antitubercular drug and precise dose selection in clinics. IMPORTANCE Studies mapping genetic heterogeneity of clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis for determining their strain lineage and drug resistance by whole-genome sequencing are limited in high tuberculosis burden settings. We carried out whole-genome sequencing of 242 M. tuberculosis isolates from drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis patients, identified and collected as part of the TB Portals Program, to have a comprehensive insight into the genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Southern India. We report several genetic variations in M. tuberculosis that may confer resistance to antitubercular drugs. Further wide-scale efforts are required to fully characterize M. tuberculosis genetic diversity at a population level in high tuberculosis burden settings for providing precise tuberculosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kurt Wollenberg
- Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Harris
- Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shrivathsa Kulavalli
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Levin Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishnu Prasad Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Muralidhar Varma
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kavitha Saravu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - H. Manjunatha Hande
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Brendan Jeffrey
- Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrei Gabrielian
- Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alex Rosenthal
- Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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9
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Zhdanova S, Jiao WW, Sinkov V, Khromova P, Solovieva N, Mushkin A, Mokrousov I, Belopolskaya O, Masharsky A, Vyazovaya A, Rychkova L, Kolesnikova L, Zhuravlev V, Shen AD, Ogarkov O. Insight into Population Structure and Drug Resistance of Pediatric Tuberculosis Strains from China and Russia Gained through Whole-Genome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10302. [PMID: 37373451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine phenotypic and genotypic drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from children with tuberculosis (TB) in China and Russia, two high-burden countries for multi/extensively-drug resistant (MDR/XDR) TB. Whole-genome sequencing data of M. tuberculosis isolates from China (n = 137) and Russia (n = 60) were analyzed for phylogenetic markers and drug-resistance mutations, followed by comparison with phenotypic susceptibility data. The Beijing genotype was detected in 126 Chinese and 50 Russian isolates. The Euro-American lineage was detected in 10 Russian and 11 Chinese isolates. In the Russian collection, the Beijing genotype and Beijing B0/W148-cluster were dominated by MDR strains (68% and 94%, respectively). Ninety percent of B0/W148 strains were phenotypically pre-XDR. In the Chinese collection, neither of the Beijing sublineages was associated with MDR/pre-XDR status. MDR was mostly caused by low fitness cost mutations (rpoB S450L, katG S315T, rpsL K43R). Chinese rifampicin-resistant strains demonstrated a higher diversity of resistance mutations than Russian isolates (p = 0.003). The rifampicin and isoniazid resistance compensatory mutations were detected in some MDR strains, but they were not widespread. The molecular mechanisms of M. tuberculosis adaptation to anti-TB treatment are not unique to the pediatric strains, but they reflect the general situation with TB in Russia and China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Zhdanova
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Wei-Wei Jiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Disease, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Viacheslav Sinkov
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Polina Khromova
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Natalia Solovieva
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Mushkin
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Mokrousov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450012, China
| | - Olesya Belopolskaya
- The Bio-Bank Resource Center, Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksey Masharsky
- The Bio-Bank Resource Center, Research Park, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Vyazovaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lubov Rychkova
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Lubov Kolesnikova
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Zhuravlev
- St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A-Dong Shen
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Disease, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing 100045, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Children's Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450012, China
| | - Oleg Ogarkov
- Department of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, 664003 Irkutsk, Russia
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10
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Robbins L, Balaram A, Dejneka S, McMahon M, Najibi Z, Pawlowicz P, Conrad WH. Heterologous production of the D-cycloserine intermediate O-acetyl-L-serine in a human type II pulmonary cell model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8551. [PMID: 37237156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death by a single infectious disease behind COVID-19. Despite a century of effort, the current TB vaccine does not effectively prevent pulmonary TB, promote herd immunity, or prevent transmission. Therefore, alternative approaches are needed. We seek to develop a cell therapy that produces an effective antibiotic in response to TB infection. D-cycloserine (D-CS) is a second-line antibiotic for TB that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis. We have determined D-CS to be the optimal candidate for anti-TB cell therapy due to its effectiveness against TB, relatively short biosynthetic pathway, and its low-resistance incidence. The first committed step towards D-CS synthesis is catalyzed by the L-serine-O-acetyltransferase (DcsE) which converts L-serine and acetyl-CoA to O-acetyl-L-serine (L-OAS). To test if the D-CS pathway could be an effective prophylaxis for TB, we endeavored to express functional DcsE in A549 cells as a human pulmonary model. We observed DcsE-FLAG-GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. DcsE purified from A549 cells catalyzed the synthesis of L-OAS as observed by HPLC-MS. Therefore, human cells synthesize functional DcsE capable of converting L-serine and acetyl-CoA to L-OAS demonstrating the first step towards D-CS production in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Robbins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA
| | - Ariane Balaram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA
| | - Stefanie Dejneka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA
| | - Matthew McMahon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA
| | - Zarina Najibi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA
| | - Peter Pawlowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA
| | - William H Conrad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Lake Forest College, Lake Forest, USA.
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11
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Phyu AN, Aung ST, Palittapongarnpim P, Htet KKK, Mahasirimongkol S, Ruangchai W, Jaemsai B, Aung HL, Maung HMW, Chaiprasert A, Pungrassami P, Chongsuvivatwong V. Genomic Sequencing Profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mandalay Region, Myanmar. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:239. [PMID: 37104364 PMCID: PMC10141229 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize whole-genome sequencing (WGS) information of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in the Mandalay region of Myanmar. It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 151 Mtb isolates obtained from the fourth nationwide anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-resistance survey. Frequency of lineages 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 55, 65, 9, and 22, respectively. The most common sublineage was L1.1.3.1 (n = 31). Respective multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) frequencies were 1, 1, 0, and 0. Four clusters of 3 (L2), 2 (L4), 2 (L1), and 2 (L2) isolates defined by a 20-single-nucleotide variant (SNV) cutoff were detected. Simpson's index for sublineages was 0.0709. Such high diversity suggests that the area probably had imported Mtb from many geographical sources. Relatively few genetic clusters and MDR-TB suggest there is a chance the future control will succeed if it is carried out properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Nyein Phyu
- National Tuberculosis Programme, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Mandalay 05071, Myanmar
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Si Thu Aung
- Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Keng Tung 06231, Myanmar
| | - Prasit Palittapongarnpim
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kyaw Ko Ko Htet
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
- Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Wuthiwat Ruangchai
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Bharkbhoom Jaemsai
- Pornchai Matangkasombut Center for Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Htin Lin Aung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Htet Myat Win Maung
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand
| | - Angkana Chaiprasert
- Office of Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Petchawan Pungrassami
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
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12
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Rozman V, Mohar Lorbeg P, Treven P, Accetto T, Janežič S, Rupnik M, Bogovič Matijašić B. Genomic insights into antibiotic resistance and mobilome of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201637. [PMID: 36781180 PMCID: PMC9930590 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium sp. (bifidobacteria) can carry antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), yet data on resistance mechanisms in these bacteria are limited. The aim of our study was to identify the underlying genetic mechanisms of phenotypic resistance in 103 LAB and bifidobacteria using whole-genome sequencing. Sequencing data not only confirmed the presence of 36 acquired ARGs in genomes of 18 strains, but also revealed wide dissemination of intrinsic ARGs. The presence of acquired ARGs on known and novel mobile genetic elements raises the possibility of their horizontal spread. In addition, our data suggest that mutations may be a common mechanism of resistance. Several novel candidate resistance mechanisms were uncovered, providing a basis for further in vitro studies. Overall, 1,314 minimum inhibitory concentrations matched with genotypes in 92.4% of the cases; however, prediction of phenotype based on genotypic data was only partially efficient, especially with respect to aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol. Our study sheds light on resistance mechanisms and their transferability potential in LAB and bifidobacteria, which will be useful for risk assessment analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vita Rozman
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Petra Mohar Lorbeg
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Primož Treven
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Accetto
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Microbiology, Chair of Microbial Diversity, Microbiomics and Biotechnology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sandra Janežič
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maja Rupnik
- National Laboratory of Health, Environment and Food, Maribor, Slovenia
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Bogovič Matijašić
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Institute of Dairy Science and Probiotics, Domžale, Slovenia
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13
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Xiao YX, Liu KH, Lin WH, Chan TH, Jou R. Whole-genome sequencing-based analyses of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Taiwan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2540. [PMID: 36781938 PMCID: PMC9925824 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29652-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) posed challenges to global TB control. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is recommended for predicting drug resistance to guide DR-TB treatment and management. Nevertheless, data are lacking in Taiwan. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) of 12 anti-TB drugs was performed for 200 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. WGS was performed using the Illumina platform. Drug resistance profiles and lineages were predicted in silico using the Total Genotyping Solution for TB (TGS-TB). Using the phenotypic DST results as a reference, WGS-based prediction demonstrated high concordance rates of isoniazid (95.0%), rifampicin (RIF) (98.0%), pyrazinamide (98.5%) and fluoroquinolones (FQs) (99.5%) and 96.0% to 99.5% for second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs); whereas, lower concordance rates of ethambutol (87.5%), streptomycin (88.0%) and ethionamide (84.0%). Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentrations confirmed that RIF rpoB S450L, FQs gyrA D94G and SLIDs rrs a1401g conferred high resistance levels. Besides, we identified lineage-associated mutations in lineage 1 (rpoB H445Y and fabG1 c-15t) and predominant lineage 2 (rpoB S450L and rpsL K43R). The WGS-based prediction of drug resistance is highly concordant with phenotypic DST results and can provide comprehensive genetic information to guide DR-TB precision therapies in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Xiao
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 161, Kun-Yang Street, Taipei, 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kuang-Hung Liu
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 161, Kun-Yang Street, Taipei, 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Hsuan Lin
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 161, Kun-Yang Street, Taipei, 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tai-Hua Chan
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 161, Kun-Yang Street, Taipei, 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 161, Kun-Yang Street, Taipei, 11561, Taiwan, R.O.C..
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C..
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14
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Dasoondi RS, Blundell TL, Pandurangan AP. In silico analyses of isoniazid and streptomycin resistance-associated mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1874-1884. [PMID: 36915381 PMCID: PMC10006719 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is categorised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a public health crisis. In silico techniques were used to probe the structural basis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to isoniazid and streptomycin. Isoniazid resistance-associated mutations in InhA were predicted to reduce the binding affinity of NADH to InhA, without affecting INH-NAD (competitive-inhibitor) binding. Perturbation of the mutated residues was predicted (with the AlloSigMA server) to modulate the free energy of allosteric modulation of key binding site residues F41, F149, Y158 and W222. These results suggest that allosteric modulation of the protein structure may be key to the mechanism by which isoniazid resistance-associated mutations act. Mutations in the methyltransferase glucose-inhibited division gene B (GidB) are associated with streptomycin resistance. Molecular docking was carried out to predict the structure of the GidB bound to its substrate (s-adenosyl methionine). The effects of streptomycin resistance-associated mutations in GidB on protein stability and substrate binding were predicted (using SDM and mCSM-lig). All GidB mutants were predicted to disfavour SAM binding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom L Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Wu SH, Xiao YX, Hsiao HC, Jou R. Development and Assessment of a Novel Whole-Gene-Based Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Assay for Detecting the Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to 14 Drugs. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0260522. [PMID: 36255328 PMCID: PMC9769975 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02605-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) has emerged as an alternative method for detecting drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). To provide comprehensive drug susceptibility information and to address mutations missed by available commercial molecular diagnostics, we developed and evaluated a tNGS panel with 22 whole-gene targets using the Ion Torrent platform to predict drug resistance to 14 drugs, namely, rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EMB), pyrazinamide (PZA), moxifloxacin (MFX), levofloxacin (LFX), amikacin (AMK), capreomycin (CM), kanamycin (KM), streptomycin (SM), bedaquiline (BDQ), clofazimine (CFZ), linezolid (LZD), and delamanid (DLM). We selected 50 and 35 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with various DR profiles as the training set and the challenge set, respectively. Comparative variant analyses of the DR genes were performed using Sanger sequencing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) results were used as gold standards. Regarding the limit of detection, the tNGS assay detected 2.9 to 3.8% minority variants in 4% mutant mixtures. The sensitivity and specificity of tNGS were 97.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 93.1 to 98.7%) and 99.1% (95% CI = 97.7 to 99.7%), respectively. The concordance of tNGS with pDST was 98.5% (95% CI = 97.2 to 99.2%), which was comparable to that of WGS (98.7%, 95% CI = 97.4 to 99.3%) and better than that of Sanger sequencing (96.9%, 95% CI = 95.3 to 98.0%). The agreement between tNGS and pDST was almost perfect for RIF, INH, EMB, MFX, LFX, AMK, CM, KM, SM, BDQ, and LZD (kappa value = 0.807 to 1.000) and substantial for PZA (kappa value = 0.791). Our customized novel whole-gene-based tNGS panel is highly consistent with pDST and WGS for comprehensive and accurate prediction of drug resistance in a strengthened and streamlined DR-TB laboratory program. IMPORTANCE We developed and validated a tNGS assay that was the first to target 22 whole genes instead of regions of drug resistance genes and comprehensively detected susceptibility to 14 anti-TB drugs, with great flexibility to include new or repurposed drugs. Notably, we demonstrated that our custom-designed Ion AmpliSeq TB research panel platform had high concordance with pDST and could significantly reduce turnaround time (by approximately 70%) to meet a clinically actionable time frame. Our tNGS assay is a promising DST solution for providing needed clinical information for precision medicine-guided therapies for DR-TB and allows the rollout of active pharmacovigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Wu
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xin Xiao
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hseuh-Chien Hsiao
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineages and Drug Resistance in Upper Myanmar. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120448. [PMID: 36548703 PMCID: PMC9781755 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is divided into 9 whole genome sequencing (WGS) lineages. Among them, lineages 1−4 are widely distributed. Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health threat. For effective TB control, there is a need to obtain genetic information on lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and to understand distribution of lineages and drug resistance. This study aimed to describe the distribution of major lineages and drug resistance patterns of Mtb in Upper Myanmar. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 506 sequenced isolates. We found that the most common lineage was lineage 2 (n = 223, 44.1%). The most common drug resistance mutation found was streptomycin (n = 44, 8.7%). Lineage 2 showed a higher number of MDR-TB compared to other lineages. There were significant associations between lineages of Mtb and drug resistance patterns, and between lineages and geographical locations of Upper Myanmar (p value < 0.001). This information on the distribution of Mtb lineages across the geographical areas will support a lot for the better understanding of TB transmission and control in Myanmar and other neighboring countries. Therefore, closer collaboration in cross border tuberculosis control is recommended.
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17
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Poulton NC, Rock JM. Unraveling the mechanisms of intrinsic drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:997283. [PMID: 36325467 PMCID: PMC9618640 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.997283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is among the most difficult infections to treat, requiring several months of multidrug therapy to produce a durable cure. The reasons necessitating long treatment times are complex and multifactorial. However, one major difficulty of treating TB is the resistance of the infecting bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to many distinct classes of antimicrobials. This review will focus on the major gaps in our understanding of intrinsic drug resistance in Mtb and how functional and chemical-genetics can help close those gaps. A better understanding of intrinsic drug resistance will help lay the foundation for strategies to disarm and circumvent these mechanisms to develop more potent antitubercular therapies.
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18
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Stanley S, Liu Q, Fortune SM. Mycobacterium tuberculosis functional genetic diversity, altered drug sensitivity, and precision medicine. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1007958. [PMID: 36262182 PMCID: PMC9574059 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1007958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In the face of the unrelenting global burden of tuberculosis (TB), antibiotics remain our most effective tools to save lives and control the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, we confront a dual challenge in our use of antibiotics: simplifying and shortening the TB drug regimen while also limiting the emergence and propagation of antibiotic resistance. This task is now more feasible due to the increasing availability of bacterial genomic data at or near the point of care. These resources create an opportunity to envision how integration of bacterial genetic determinants of antibiotic response into treatment algorithms might transform TB care. Historically, Mtb drug resistance studies focused on mutations in genes encoding antibiotic targets and the resulting increases in the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) above a breakpoint value. But recent progress in elucidating the effects of functional genetic diversity in Mtb has revealed various genetic loci that are associated with drug phenotypes such as low-level MIC increases and tolerance which predict the development of resistance and treatment failure. As a result, we are now poised to advance precision medicine approaches in TB treatment. By incorporating information regarding Mtb genetic characteristics into the development of drug regimens, clinical care which tailors antibiotic treatment to maximize the likelihood of success has come into reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Stanley
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Lee C, Ye Q, Shin E, Ting T, Lee SJ. Acquisition of Streptomycin Resistance by Oxidative Stress Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179764. [PMID: 36077162 PMCID: PMC9456066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomycin is used primarily to treat bacterial infections, including brucellosis, plague, and tuberculosis. Streptomycin resistance easily develops in numerous bacteria through the inhibition of antibiotic transfer, the production of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, or mutations in ribosomal components with clinical doses of streptomycin treatment. (1) Background: A transposable insertion sequence is one of the mutation agents in bacterial genomes under oxidative stress. (2) Methods: In the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis subjected to chronic oxidative stress induced by 20 mM hydrogen peroxide, active transposition of an insertion sequence element and several point mutations in three streptomycin resistance (SmR)-related genes (rsmG, rpsL, and mthA) were identified. (3) Results: ISDge6 of the IS5 family integrated into the rsmG gene (dgeo_2335), called SrsmG, encodes a ribosomal guanosine methyltransferase resulting in streptomycin resistance. In the case of dgeo_2840-disrupted mutant strains (S1 and S2), growth inhibition under antibiotic-free conditions was recovered with increased growth yields in the presence of 50 µg/mL streptomycin due to a streptomycin-dependent (SmD) mutation. These mutants have a predicted proline-to-leucine substitution at the 91st residue of ribosomal protein S12 in the decoding center. (4) Conclusions: Our findings show that the active transposition of a unique IS element under oxidative stress conditions conferred antibiotic resistance through the disruption of rsmG. Furthermore, chronic oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide also induced streptomycin resistance caused by point and frameshift mutations of streptomycin-interacting residues such as K43, K88, and P91 in RpsL and four genes for streptomycin resistance.
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20
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Mesfin EA, Merker M, Beyene D, Tesfaye A, Shuaib YA, Addise D, Tessema B, Niemann S. Prediction of drug resistance by Sanger sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from multidrug resistant tuberculosis suspect patients in Ethiopia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271508. [PMID: 35930613 PMCID: PMC9355188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethiopia is one of the high multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden countries. However, phenotypic drug susceptibility testing can take several weeks due to the slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) strains. In this study, we assessed the performance of a Sanger sequencing approach to predict resistance against five anti-tuberculosis drugs and the pattern of resistance mediating mutations. Methods We enrolled 226 MTBC culture-positive MDR-TB suspects and collected sputum specimens and socio-demographic and TB related data from each suspect between June 2015 and December 2016 in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) for rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and streptomycin using BACTEC MGIT 960 was compared with the results of a Sanger sequencing analysis of seven resistance determining regions in the genes rpoB, katG, fabG-inhA, pncA, embB, rpsL, and rrs. Result DNA isolation for Sanger sequencing was successfully extracted from 92.5% (209/226) of the MTBC positive cultures, and the remaining 7.5% (17/226) strains were excluded from the final analysis. Based on pDST results, drug resistance proportions were as follows: isoniazid: 109/209 (52.2%), streptomycin: 93/209 (44.5%), rifampicin: 88/209 (42.1%), ethambutol: 74/209 (35.4%), and pyrazinamide: 69/209 (33.0%). Resistance against isoniazid was mainly mediated by the mutation katG S315T (97/209, 46.4%) and resistance against rifampicin by rpoB S531L (58/209, 27.8%). The dominating resistance-conferring mutations for ethambutol, streptomycin, and pyrazinamide affected codon 306 in embB (48/209, 21.1%), codon 88 in rpsL (43/209, 20.6%), and codon 65 in pncA (19/209, 9.1%), respectively. We observed a high agreement between phenotypic and genotypic DST, such as 89.9% (at 95% confidence interval [CI], 84.2%–95.8%) for isoniazid, 95.5% (95% CI, 91.2%–99.8%) for rifampicin, 98.6% (95% CI, 95.9–100%) for ethambutol, 91.3% (95% CI, 84.6–98.1%) for pyrazinamide and 57.0% (95% CI, 46.9%–67.1%) for streptomycin. Conclusion We detected canonical mutations implicated in resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, and streptomycin. High agreement with phenotypic DST results for all drugs renders Sanger sequencing promising to be performed as a complementary measure to routine phenotypic DST in Ethiopia. Sanger sequencing directly from sputum may accelerate accurate clinical decision-making in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob Abera Mesfin
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, National Laboratory Capacity Building Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
| | - Matthias Merker
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Sülfeld, Germany
- Evolution of the Resistome, Research Center Borstel, Sülfeld, Germany
| | - Dereje Beyene
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abreham Tesfaye
- Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau Health Research and Laboratory Services, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yassir Adam Shuaib
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Sülfeld, Germany
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum North, Sudan
| | - Desalegn Addise
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, National Laboratory Capacity Building Directorate, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Tessema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Sülfeld, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck- Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Li H, Yuan J, Duan S, Pang Y. Resistance and tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antimicrobial agents-How M. tuberculosis can escape antibiotics. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1573. [PMID: 35753313 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious threat to public health worldwide since it was discovered. Until now, TB has been one of the top 10 causes of death from a single infectious disease globally. The treatment of active TB cases majorly relies on various anti-tuberculosis drugs. However, under the selection pressure by drugs, the continuous evolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) facilitates the emergence of drug-resistant strains, further resulting in the accumulation of tubercle bacilli with multiple drug resistance, especially deadly multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB. Researches on the mechanism of drug action and drug resistance of Mtb provide a new scheme for clinical management of TB patients, and prevention of drug resistance. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance of existing anti-TB drugs to better understand the evolution of drug resistance of Mtb, which will provide more effective strategies against drug-resistant TB, and accelerate the achievement of the EndTB Strategy by 2035. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Li
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Duan
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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22
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Li S, Poulton NC, Chang JS, Azadian ZA, DeJesus MA, Ruecker N, Zimmerman MD, Eckartt KA, Bosch B, Engelhart CA, Sullivan DF, Gengenbacher M, Dartois VA, Schnappinger D, Rock JM. CRISPRi chemical genetics and comparative genomics identify genes mediating drug potency in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Microbiol 2022; 7:766-779. [PMID: 35637331 PMCID: PMC9159947 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01130-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection is notoriously difficult to treat. Treatment efficacy is limited by Mtb's intrinsic drug resistance, as well as its ability to evolve acquired resistance to all antituberculars in clinical use. A deeper understanding of the bacterial pathways that influence drug efficacy could facilitate the development of more effective therapies, identify new mechanisms of acquired resistance, and reveal overlooked therapeutic opportunities. Here we developed a CRISPR interference chemical-genetics platform to titrate the expression of Mtb genes and quantify bacterial fitness in the presence of different drugs. We discovered diverse mechanisms of intrinsic drug resistance, unveiling hundreds of potential targets for synergistic drug combinations. Combining chemical genetics with comparative genomics of Mtb clinical isolates, we further identified several previously unknown mechanisms of acquired drug resistance, one of which is associated with a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak in South America. Lastly, we found that the intrinsic resistance factor whiB7 was inactivated in an entire Mtb sublineage endemic to Southeast Asia, presenting an opportunity to potentially repurpose the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin to treat tuberculosis. This chemical-genetic map provides a rich resource to understand drug efficacy in Mtb and guide future tuberculosis drug development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicholas C Poulton
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jesseon S Chang
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zachary A Azadian
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A DeJesus
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nadine Ruecker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Zimmerman
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn A Eckartt
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Bosch
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Curtis A Engelhart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel F Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Gengenbacher
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Véronique A Dartois
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Dirk Schnappinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy M Rock
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Recent Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis CAS1-Kili Strains in Lusaka, Zambia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010029. [PMID: 35052906 PMCID: PMC8773284 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death due to antimicrobial resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis CAS1-Kili strains that belong to lineage 3 (Central Asian Strain, CAS) were previously implicated in the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB in Lusaka, Zambia. Thus, we investigated recent transmission of those strains by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) with Illumina MiSeq platform. Twelve MDR CAS1-Kili isolates clustered by traditional methods (MIRU-VNTR and spoligotyping) were used. A total of 92% (11/12) of isolates belonged to a cluster (≤12 SNPs) while 50% (6/12) were involved in recent transmission events, as they differed by ≤5 SNPs. All the isolates had KatG Ser315Thr (isoniazid resistance), EmbB Met306 substitutions (ethambutol resistance) and several kinds of rpoB mutations (rifampicin resistance). WGS also revealed compensatory mutations including a novel deletion in embA regulatory region (−35A > del). Several strains shared the same combinations of drug-resistance-associated mutations indicating transmission of MDR strains. Zambian strains belonged to the same clade as Tanzanian, Malawian and European strains, although most of those were pan-drug-susceptible. Hence, complimentary use of WGS to traditional epidemiological methods provides an in-depth insight on transmission and drug resistance patterns which can guide targeted control measures to stop the spread of MDR-TB.
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24
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Gomes LC, Campino S, Marinho CRF, Clark TG, Phelan JE. Whole genome sequencing reveals large deletions and other loss of function mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance genes. Microb Genom 2021; 7:000724. [PMID: 34889724 PMCID: PMC8767347 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis disease, arises from genetic mutations in genes coding for drug-targets or drug-converting enzymes. SNPs linked to drug resistance have been extensively studied and form the basis of molecular diagnostics and sequencing-based resistance profiling. However, alternative forms of functional variation such as large deletions and other loss of function (LOF) mutations have received much less attention, but if incorporated into diagnostics they are likely to improve their predictive performance. Our work aimed to characterize the contribution of LOF mutations found in 42 established drug resistance genes linked to 19 anti-tuberculous drugs across 32689 sequenced clinical isolates. The analysed LOF mutations included large deletions (n=586), frameshifts (n=4764) and premature stop codons (n=826). We found LOF mutations in genes strongly linked to pyrazinamide (pncA), isoniazid (katG), capreomycin (tlyA), streptomycin (e.g. gid) and ethionamide (ethA, mshA) (P<10-5), but also in some loci linked to drugs where relatively less phenotypic data is available [e.g. cycloserine, delaminid, bedaquiline, para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), and clofazimine]. This study reports that large deletions (median size 1115 bp) account for a significant portion of resistance variants found for PAS (+7.1% of phenotypic resistance percentage explained), pyrazinamide (+3.5%) and streptomycin (+2.6%) drugs, and can be used to improve the prediction of cryptic resistance. Overall, our work highlights the importance of including LOF mutations (e.g. large deletions) in predicting genotypic drug resistance, thereby informing tuberculosis infection control and clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Cláudio R. F. Marinho
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taane G. Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK,Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK,*Correspondence: Taane G. Clark,
| | - Jody E. Phelan
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK,*Correspondence: Jody E. Phelan,
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25
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Characterization of Mutations Associated with Streptomycin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Zambia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101169. [PMID: 34680750 PMCID: PMC8532810 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomycin (STR) is recommended for the management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Streptomycin resistance-conferring mutation types and frequency are shown to be influenced by genotypes of circulating strains in a population. This study aimed to characterize the mutations in MDR-TB isolates and examine their relationship with the genotypes in Zambia. A total of 138 MDR-TB isolates stored at the University Teaching Hospital Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory in Zambia were analyzed using spoligotyping and sequencing of STR resistance-associated genes. Streptomycin resistance was observed in 65.9% (91/138) of MDR-TB isolates. Mutations in rpsL, rrs, and gidB accounted for 33%, 12.1%, and 49.5%, respectively. Amino acid substitution K43R in rpsL was strongly associated with the CAS1_Kili genotype (p < 0.0001). The combination of three genes could predict 91.2% of STR resistance. Clustering of isolates based on resistance-conferring mutations and spoligotyping was observed. The clustering of isolates suggests that the increase in STR-resistant MDR-TB in Zambia is largely due to the spread of resistant strains from inadequate treatment. Therefore, rapid detection of STR resistance genetically is recommended before its use in MDR-TB treatment in Zambia.
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26
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Xing Y, Kang X, Zhang S, Men Y. Specific phenotypic, genomic, and fitness evolutionary trajectories toward streptomycin resistance induced by pesticide co-stressors in Escherichia coli. ISME COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 1:39. [PMID: 37938677 PMCID: PMC9723568 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-021-00041-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
To explore how co-occurring non-antibiotic environmental stressors affect evolutionary trajectories toward antibiotic resistance, we exposed susceptible Escherichia coli K-12 populations to environmentally relevant levels of pesticides and streptomycin for 500 generations. The coexposure substantially changed the phenotypic, genotypic, and fitness evolutionary trajectories, resulting in much stronger streptomycin resistance (>15-fold increase) of the populations. Antibiotic target modification mutations in rpsL and rsmG, which emerged and dominated at late stages of evolution, conferred the strong resistance even with less than 1% abundance, while the off-target mutations in nuoG, nuoL, glnE, and yaiW dominated at early stages only led to mild resistance (2.5-6-fold increase). Moreover, the strongly resistant mutants exhibited lower fitness costs even without the selective pressure and had lower minimal selection concentrations than the mildly resistant ones. Removal of the selective pressure did not reverse the strong resistance of coexposed populations at a later evolutionary stage. The findings suggest higher risks of the selection and propagation of strong antibiotic resistance in environments potentially impacted by antibiotics and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xing
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Kang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yujie Men
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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27
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Molecular Analysis of Streptomycin Resistance Genes in Clinical Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Biocomputational Analysis of the MtGidB L101F Variant. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070807. [PMID: 34356728 PMCID: PMC8300841 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) remains a prevalent threat to public health. In 2019, TB affected 10 million people and caused 1.4 million deaths. The major challenge for controlling this infectious disease is the emergence and spread of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. The antibiotic streptomycin is not a current first-line anti-TB drug. However, WHO recommends its use in patients infected with a streptomycin-sensitive strain. Several mutations in the M. tuberculosisrpsL, rrs and gidB genes have proved association with streptomycin resistance. In this study, we performed a molecular analysis of these genes in clinical isolates to determine the prevalence of known or novel mutations. Here, we describe the genetic analysis outcome. Furthermore, a biocomputational analysis of the MtGidB L101F variant, the product of a novel mutation detected in gidB during molecular analysis, is also reported as a theoretical approach to study the apparent genotype-phenotype association.
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28
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Rocha DMGC, Magalhães C, Cá B, Ramos A, Carvalho T, Comas I, Guimarães JT, Bastos HN, Saraiva M, Osório NS. Heterogeneous Streptomycin Resistance Level Among Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains From the Same Transmission Cluster. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:659545. [PMID: 34177837 PMCID: PMC8226182 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.659545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread and frequent resistance to the second-line tuberculosis (TB) medicine streptomycin, suggests ongoing transmission of low fitness cost streptomycin resistance mutations. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied a cohort of 681 individuals from a TB epidemic in Portugal. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses were combined with phenotypic growth studies in culture media and in mouse bone marrow derived macrophages. Streptomycin resistance was the most frequent resistance in the cohort accounting for 82.7% (n = 67) of the resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. WGS of 149 clinical isolates identified 13 transmission clusters, including three clusters containing only streptomycin resistant isolates. The biggest cluster was formed by eight streptomycin resistant isolates with a maximum of five pairwise single nucleotide polymorphisms of difference. Interestingly, despite their genetic similarity, these isolates displayed different resistance levels to streptomycin, as measured both in culture media and in infected mouse bone marrow derived macrophages. The genetic bases underlying this phenotype are a combination of mutations in gid and other genes. This study suggests that specific streptomycin resistance mutations were transmitted in the cohort, with the resistant isolates evolving at the cluster level to allow low-to-high streptomycin resistance levels without a significative fitness cost. This is relevant not only to better understand transmission of streptomycin resistance in a clinical setting dominated by Lineage 4 M. tuberculosis infections, but mainly because it opens new prospects for the investigation of selection and spread of drug resistance in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deisy M G C Rocha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Magalhães
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Baltazar Cá
- i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angelica Ramos
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Iñaki Comas
- Biomedicine Institute of Valencia IBV-CSIC, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - João Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helder Novais Bastos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Serviço de Pneumologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João EPE, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Saraiva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigacão e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno S Osório
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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da Silva PB, Araújo VHS, Fonseca-Santos B, Solcia MC, Ribeiro CM, da Silva IC, Alves RC, Pironi AM, Silva ACL, Victorelli FD, Fernandes MA, Ferreira PS, da Silva GH, Pavan FR, Chorilli M. Highlights Regarding the Use of Metallic Nanoparticles against Pathogens Considered a Priority by the World Health Organization. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:1906-1956. [PMID: 32400324 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200513080719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has facilitated the growing resistance of bacteria, and this has become a serious public health problem worldwide. Several microorganisms are still resistant to multiple antibiotics and are particularly dangerous in the hospital and nursing home environment, and to patients whose care requires devices, such as ventilators and intravenous catheters. A list of twelve pathogenic genera, which especially included bacteria that were not affected by different antibiotics, was released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017, and the research and development of new antibiotics against these genera has been considered a priority. The nanotechnology is a tool that offers an effective platform for altering the physicalchemical properties of different materials, thereby enabling the development of several biomedical applications. Owing to their large surface area and high reactivity, metallic particles on the nanometric scale have remarkable physical, chemical, and biological properties. Nanoparticles with sizes between 1 and 100 nm have several applications, mainly as new antimicrobial agents for the control of microorganisms. In the present review, more than 200 reports of various metallic nanoparticles, especially those containing copper, gold, platinum, silver, titanium, and zinc were analyzed with regard to their anti-bacterial activity. However, of these 200 studies, only 42 reported about trials conducted against the resistant bacteria considered a priority by the WHO. All studies are in the initial stage, and none are in the clinical phase of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Bento da Silva
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Cristina Solcia
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Carolina Alves
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Andressa Maria Pironi
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariza Aires Fernandes
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Scanavez Ferreira
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Gilmar Hanck da Silva
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara-SP, Brazil
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30
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Abstract
The dN/dS ratio provides evidence of adaptation or functional constraint in protein-coding genes by quantifying the relative excess or deficit of amino acid-replacing versus silent nucleotide variation. Inexpensive sequencing promises a better understanding of parameters, such as dN/dS, but analyzing very large data sets poses a major statistical challenge. Here, I introduce genomegaMap for estimating within-species genome-wide variation in dN/dS, and I apply it to 3,979 genes across 10,209 tuberculosis genomes to characterize the selection pressures shaping this global pathogen. GenomegaMap is a phylogeny-free method that addresses two major problems with existing approaches: 1) It is fast no matter how large the sample size and 2) it is robust to recombination, which causes phylogenetic methods to report artefactual signals of adaptation. GenomegaMap uses population genetics theory to approximate the distribution of allele frequencies under general, parent-dependent mutation models. Coalescent simulations show that substitution parameters are well estimated even when genomegaMap’s simplifying assumption of independence among sites is violated. I demonstrate the ability of genomegaMap to detect genuine signatures of selection at antimicrobial resistance-conferring substitutions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and describe a novel signature of selection in the cold-shock DEAD-box protein A gene deaD/csdA. The genomegaMap approach helps accelerate the exploitation of big data for gaining new insights into evolution within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Wilson
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Yang J, Zhang T, Xian X, Li Y, Wang R, Wang P, Zhang M, Wang J. Molecular Characteristics and Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolate Circulating in Shaanxi Province, Northwestern China. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1207-1217. [PMID: 33794134 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Shaanxi is the most highly populated province with high burdens of tuberculosis in northwestern China. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular characteristics and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Shaanxi province of China in 2018. Methods: Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing and spoligotyping methods were performed on 518 M. tuberculosis isolates; drug-resistant isolates were sequenced in 11 drug loci, including katG, inhA, oxyR-ahpC, rpoB, embB, rpsL, rrs1 (nucleotides 388-1084), gyrA, gyrB, rrs2 (nucleotides 1158-1674), and eis. Results: The prevalences of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, ofloxacin, and kanamycin resistance were 22.0%, 19.3%, 7.9%, 23.8%, 10.4%, and 3.3%, respectively. The Beijing family (82.8%) was the predominant genotype, followed by the T (9.3%), H (0.6%), CAS (0.4%), LAM (0.4%), and U (0.4%) families. The percentage of Beijing genotype in a central area (88.1%) was higher than in the south (77.3%) and the north area (80.1%) (p < 0.05), while the sex, age, and treatment history between Beijing and non-Beijing family were not statistically different. Mutation analysis found that the most prevalent mutations were katG315, rpoB531, embB306, rpsL43, gyrA94, and rrs1401; the Beijing family exhibited a high rate of isoniazid-resistant isolates carrying katG315 mutations (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with the phenotypic data, the sensitivities of isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, streptomycin, ofloxacin, and kanamycin resistance by sequencing base on 11 loci were 85.1%, 94.0%, 53.7%, 74.8%, 77.8%, and 64.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Shaanxi has a serious epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis, Beijing family is the predominant genotype, and the distribution showed geographic diversity. The prevalence of Beijing genotypes has a tendency to promote the transmission of high-level isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis. Besides, the hot spot regions localized in the embB, rrs2, and eis gene appear not to serve as excellent biomarkers for predicting ethambutol and kanamycin resistance in Shaanxi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Laboratory and Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianhua Zhang
- Administration Office, Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Xian
- Administration Office, Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Laboratory and Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Clinical Laboratory and Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Panting Wang
- Clinical Laboratory and Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory and Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Xi'an, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
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32
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Verma H, Nagar S, Vohra S, Pandey S, Lal D, Negi RK, Lal R, Rawat CD. Genome analyses of 174 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis provide insight into the evolution of drug resistance and reveal potential drug targets. Microb Genom 2021; 7:mgen000542. [PMID: 33750515 PMCID: PMC8190606 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a known human pathogen that causes the airborne infectious disease tuberculosis (TB). Every year TB infects millions of people worldwide. The emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR) and totally drug resistant (TDR) M. tuberculosis strains against the first- and second-line anti-TB drugs has created an urgent need for the development and implementation of new drug strategies. In this study, the complete genomes of 174 strains of M. tuberculosis are analysed to understand the evolution of molecular drug target (MDT) genes. Phylogenomic placements of M. tuberculosis strains depicted close association and temporal clustering. Selection pressure analysis by deducing the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates (dN/dS) in 51 MDT genes of the 174 M. tuberculosis strains led to categorizing these genes into diversifying (D, dN/dS>0.70), moderately diversifying (MD, dN/dS=0.35-0.70) and stabilized (S, dN/dS<0.35) genes. The genes rpsL, gidB, pncA and ahpC were identified as diversifying, and Rv0488, kasA, ndh, ethR, ethA, embR and ddn were identified as stabilized genes. Furthermore, sequence similarity networks were drawn that supported these divisions. In the multiple sequence alignments of diversifying and stabilized proteins, previously reported resistance mutations were checked to predict sensitive and resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. Finally, to delineate the potential of stabilized or least diversified genes/proteins as anti-TB drug targets, protein-protein interactions of MDT proteins with human proteins were analysed. We predict that kasA (dN/dS=0.29), a stabilized gene that encodes the most host-interacting protein, KasA, should serve as a potential drug target for the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helianthous Verma
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Research Laboratory, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Shekhar Nagar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Shivani Vohra
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Shubhanshu Pandey
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | | | - Rup Lal
- The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Molecular Biology and Genomics Research Laboratory, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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33
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Nonghanphithak D, Kaewprasert O, Chaiyachat P, Reechaipichitkul W, Chaiprasert A, Faksri K. Whole-genome sequence analysis and comparisons between drug-resistance mutations and minimum inhibitory concentrations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates causing M/XDR-TB. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244829. [PMID: 33382836 PMCID: PMC7775048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance (DR) remains a major challenge for tuberculosis (TB) control. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) provides the highest genetic resolution for genotypic drug-susceptibility tests (DST). We compared DST profiles of 60 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates which were drug resistant according to agar proportion tests (one poly DR-TB, 34 multidrug-resistant TB and 25 extensively drug-resistant TB). We additionally performed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests using Sensititre MYCOTBI plates (MYCOTB) and a WGS-based DST. Agreement between WGS-based DST and MYCOTB was high for all drugs except ethambutol (65%) and ethionamide (62%). Isolates harboring the -15 c/t inhA promoter mutation had a significantly lower MIC for isoniazid than did isolates with the katG Ser315Thr mutation (p < 0.001). Similar patterns were seen for ethambutol (embB Gly406Asp vs. embB Met306Ile), streptomycin (gid Gly73Ala vs. rpsL Lys43Arg), moxifloxacin (gyrA Ala90Val vs. gyrA Asp94Gly) and rifabutin (rpoB Asp435Phe/Tyr/Val vs. rpoB Ser450Leu). For genotypic heteroresistance, isolates with lower proportion of mapped read tended to has lower MIC of anti-TB drugs than those with higher proportion. These results emphasize the high applicability of WGS for determination of DR-TB and the association of particular mutations with MIC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditthawat Nonghanphithak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Orawee Kaewprasert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pratchakan Chaiyachat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wipa Reechaipichitkul
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Angkana Chaiprasert
- Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Research Fund Laboratory, Research and Development Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kiatichai Faksri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Research and Diagnostic Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases (RCEID), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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34
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Loss of U1498 methylation in 16S rRNA by RsmE methyltransferase associates its role with aminoglycoside resistance in mycobacteria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2020; 23:359-369. [PMID: 33186785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modulation of methylation pattern through mutations in ribosomal methyltransferases is a key mechanism of bacterial drug resistance. However, RsmG (GidB), which specifically methylates G527 in 16S rRNA, remains the only conserved methyltransferase known to be associated with low-level drug resistance in mycobacterial isolates. The mycobacterial RsmE homologue methylates U1498 in 16S rRNA in a highly specific manner. U1498 lies in the vicinity of the binding site for various aminoglycosides in the ribosome. However, the association of methylation at U1498 with altered drug response remains poorly understood. METHODS A deletion mutant of the RsmE homologue in Mycobacterium smegmatis was generated by a suicidal vector strategy and drug susceptibility assays were performed on wild-type, knockout and complemented strains with varying concentrations of ribosomal- and non-ribosomal-targeting drugs. RESULTS Deletion of the RsmE homologue of M. smegmatis led to an at least two-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of aminoglycosides that bind in the decoding centre proximal to U1498 in the 30S subunit. The change in MICs was highly specific and reproducible and did not show any cross-resistance to other drug classes. Surprisingly, Rv2372c, the RsmE homologue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, has the largest number of mutations among conserved ribosomal methyltransferases, after gidB, highlighting the role of mutations in RsmE methyltransferase as a key emerging mechanism of resistance in clinical strains. CONCLUSION We present the first evidence of an association of methylation of U1498 in 16S rRNA with development of low-level resistance in mycobacteria that must be tackled in a timely manner.
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Lai YP, Ioerger TR. Exploiting Homoplasy in Genome-Wide Association Studies to Enhance Identification of Antibiotic-Resistance Mutations in Bacterial Genomes. Evol Bioinform Online 2020; 16:1176934320944932. [PMID: 32782426 PMCID: PMC7385850 DOI: 10.1177/1176934320944932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many antibacterial drugs have multiple mechanisms of resistance, which are often represented simultaneously by a mixture of resistance mutations (some more frequent than others) in a clinical population. This presents a challenge for Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) methods, making it difficult to detect less prevalent resistance mechanisms purely through (weak) statistical associations. Homoplasy, or the occurrence of multiple independent mutations at the same site, is often observed with drug resistance mutations and can be a strong indicator of positive selection. However, traditional GWAS methods, such as those based on allele counting or linear regression, are not designed to take homoplasy into account. In this article, we present a new method, called ECAT (for Evolutionary Cluster-based Association Test), that extends traditional regression-based GWAS methods with the ability to take advantage of homoplasy. This is achieved through a preprocessing step which identifies hypervariable regions in the genome exhibiting statistically significant clusters of distinct evolutionary changes, to which association testing by a linear mixed model (LMM) is applied using GEMMA (a well-established LMM-based GWAS tool). Thus, the approach can be viewed as extending GEMMA from the usual site- or gene-level analysis to focusing on clustered regions of mutations. This approach was evaluated on a large collection of more than 600 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Lima, Peru. We show that ECAT does a better job of detecting known resistance mutations for several antitubercular drugs (including less prevalent mutations with weaker associations), compared with (site- or gene-based) GEMMA, as representative of existing GWAS methods. The power of the multiphase approach in ECAT comes from focusing association testing on the hypervariable regions of the genome, which reduces complexity in the model and increases statistical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pin Lai
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Thomas R Ioerger
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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36
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Cooper AL, Low AJ, Koziol AG, Thomas MC, Leclair D, Tamber S, Wong A, Blais BW, Carrillo CD. Systematic Evaluation of Whole Genome Sequence-Based Predictions of Salmonella Serotype and Antimicrobial Resistance. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:549. [PMID: 32318038 PMCID: PMC7147080 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is used increasingly in public-health laboratories for typing and characterizing foodborne pathogens. To evaluate the performance of existing bioinformatic tools for in silico prediction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and serotypes of Salmonella enterica, WGS-based genotype predictions were compared with the results of traditional phenotyping assays. A total of 111 S. enterica isolates recovered from a Canadian baseline study on broiler chicken conducted in 2012-2013 were selected based on phenotypic resistance to 15 different antibiotics and isolates were subjected to WGS. Both SeqSero2 and SISTR accurately determined S. enterica serotypes, with full matches to laboratory results for 87.4 and 89.2% of isolates, respectively, and partial matches for the remaining isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were identified using several bioinformatics tools including the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database – Resistance Gene Identifier (CARD-RGI), Center for Genomic Epidemiology (CGE) ResFinder web tool, Short Read Sequence Typing for Bacterial Pathogens (SRST2 v 0.2.0), and k-mer alignment method (KMA v 1.17). All ARG identification tools had ≥ 99% accuracy for predicting resistance to all antibiotics tested except streptomycin (accuracy 94.6%). Evaluation of ARG detection in assembled versus raw-read WGS data found minimal observable differences that were gene- and coverage- dependent. Where initial phenotypic results indicated isolates were sensitive, yet ARGs were detected, repeat AMR testing corrected discrepancies. All tools failed to find resistance-determining genes for one gentamicin- and two streptomycin-resistant isolates. Further investigation found a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the nuoF coding region of one of the isolates which may be responsible for the observed streptomycin-resistant phenotype. Overall, WGS-based predictions of AMR and serotype were highly concordant with phenotype determination regardless of computational approach used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Cooper
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew J Low
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Adam G Koziol
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthew C Thomas
- Microbial Contaminants, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Leclair
- Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sandeep Tamber
- Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alex Wong
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Burton W Blais
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine D Carrillo
- Research and Development, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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37
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Abstract
The control of tuberculosis (TB) is hampered by the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains, defined as resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two bactericidal drugs essential for the treatment of the disease. Due to the worldwide estimate of almost half a million incident cases of MDR/rifampin-resistant TB, it is important to continuously update the knowledge on the mechanisms involved in the development of this phenomenon. Clinical, biological and microbiological reasons account for the generation of resistance, including: (i) nonadherence of patients to their therapy, and/or errors of physicians in therapy management, (ii) complexity and poor vascularization of granulomatous lesions, which obstruct drug distribution to some sites, resulting in resistance development, (iii) intrinsic drug resistance of tubercle bacilli, (iv) formation of non-replicating, drug-tolerant bacilli inside the granulomas, (v) development of mutations in Mtb genes, which are the most important molecular mechanisms of resistance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of these issues, and releases up-dated information on the therapeutic strategies recently endorsed and recommended by the World Health Organization to facilitate the clinical and microbiological management of drug-resistant TB at the global level, with attention also to the most recent diagnostic methods.
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38
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Klopper M, Heupink TH, Hill-Cawthorne G, Streicher EM, Dippenaar A, de Vos M, Abdallah AM, Limberis J, Merker M, Burns S, Niemann S, Dheda K, Posey J, Pain A, Warren RM. A landscape of genomic alterations at the root of a near-untreatable tuberculosis epidemic. BMC Med 2020; 18:24. [PMID: 32014024 PMCID: PMC6998097 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atypical Beijing genotype Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains are widespread in South Africa and have acquired resistance to up to 13 drugs on multiple occasions. It is puzzling that these strains have retained fitness and transmissibility despite the potential fitness cost associated with drug resistance mutations. METHODS We conducted Illumina sequencing of 211 Beijing genotype M. tuberculosis isolates to facilitate the detection of genomic features that may promote acquisition of drug resistance and restore fitness in highly resistant atypical Beijing forms. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analysis was done to determine changes that are unique to the resistant strains that also transmit well. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination for streptomycin and bedaquiline was done for a limited number of isolates to demonstrate a difference in MIC between isolates with and without certain variants. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two clades of atypical Beijing strains have independently developed resistance to virtually all the potent drugs included in standard (pre-bedaquiline) drug-resistant TB treatment regimens. We show that undetected drug resistance in a progenitor strain was likely instrumental in this resistance acquisition. In this cohort, ethionamide (ethA A381P) resistance would be missed in first-line drug-susceptible isolates, and streptomycin (gidB L79S) resistance may be missed due to an MIC close to the critical concentration. Subsequent inadequate treatment historically led to amplification of resistance and facilitated spread of the strains. Bedaquiline resistance was found in a small number of isolates, despite lack of exposure to the drug. The highly resistant clades also carry inhA promoter mutations, which arose after ethA and katG mutations. In these isolates, inhA promoter mutations do not alter drug resistance, suggesting a possible alternative role. CONCLUSION The presence of the ethA mutation in otherwise susceptible isolates from ethionamide-naïve patients demonstrates that known exposure is not an adequate indicator of drug susceptibility. Similarly, it is demonstrated that bedaquiline resistance can occur without exposure to the drug. Inappropriate treatment regimens, due to missed resistance, leads to amplification of resistance, and transmission. We put these results into the context of current WHO treatment regimens, underscoring the risks of treatment without knowledge of the full drug resistance profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Klopper
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Tim Hermanus Heupink
- Global Health Institute, Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Grant Hill-Cawthorne
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth Maria Streicher
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anzaan Dippenaar
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Margaretha de Vos
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Abdallah Musa Abdallah
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jason Limberis
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthias Merker
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Scott Burns
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Stefan Niemann
- Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Borstel, Germany
| | - Keertan Dheda
- Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine and UCT Lung Institute & South African MRC/UCT Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - James Posey
- Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Arnab Pain
- Pathogen Genomics Laboratory, BESE Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Robin Mark Warren
- South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, DST NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Wang WF, Lu MYJ, Cheng TJR, Tang YC, Teng YC, Hwa TY, Chen YH, Li MY, Wu MH, Chuang PC, Jou R, Wong CH, Li WH. Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates and Construction of a Beijing Lineage Reference Genome. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3890-3905. [PMID: 31971587 PMCID: PMC7058165 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, kills over 1 million people worldwide annually. Development of drug resistance (DR) in the pathogen is a major challenge for TB control. We conducted whole-genome analysis of seven Taiwan M. tuberculosis isolates: One drug susceptible (DS) and five DR Beijing lineage isolates and one DR Euro-American lineage isolate. Developing a new method for DR mutation identification and applying it to the next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from the 6 Beijing lineage isolates, we identified 13 known and 6 candidate DR mutations and provided experimental support for 4 of them. We assembled the genomes of one DS and two DR Beijing lineage isolates and the Euro-American lineage isolate using NGS data. Moreover, using both PacBio and NGS sequencing data, we obtained a high-quality assembly of an extensive DR Beijing lineage isolate. Comparative analysis of these five newly assembled genomes and two published complete genomes revealed a large number of genetic changes, including gene gains and losses, indels and translocations, suggesting rapid evolution of M. tuberculosis. We found the MazEF toxin-antitoxin system in all the seven isolates studied and several interesting mutations in MazEF proteins. Finally, we used the four assembled Beijing lineage genomes to construct a high-quality Beijing lineage reference genome that is DS and contains all the genes in the four genomes. It contains 212 genes not found in the standard reference H37Rv, which is Euro-American. It is therefore a better reference than H37Rv for the Beijing lineage, the predominant lineage in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woei-Fuh Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Precision Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yeh Jade Lu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Ching Tang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Teng
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Yang Hwa
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yun Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Wu
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chuang
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genome Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Illinois
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Johnsen CH, Clausen PTLC, Aarestrup FM, Lund O. Improved Resistance Prediction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Better Handling of Insertions and Deletions, Premature Stop Codons, and Filtering of Non-informative Sites. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2464. [PMID: 31736907 PMCID: PMC6834686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a major obstacle for effective treatment of tuberculosis. Multiple studies have shown promising results for predicting drug resistance in M. tuberculosis based on whole genome sequencing (WGS) data, however, these tools are often limited to this single species. We have previously developed a common platform for resistance prediction in multiple species. This platform detects acquired resistance genes (ResFinder) and species-specific chromosomal mutations (PointFinder) associated with resistance, all based on WGS data. In this study, we present a new version of PointFinder together with an updated M. tuberculosis database. PointFinder now includes predictions based on insertions and deletions, and it explicitly reports frameshift mutations and premature stop codons. We found that premature stop codons in four resistance-associated genes (katG, ethA, pncA, and gidB) were over-represented in resistant strains, and we saw an increased prediction performance when including premature stop codons in these genes as resistance markers. Different M. tuberculosis resistance prediction tools vary in performance mostly due to the mutation library used. We found that a well-established mutation library included non-predictive linage markers, and through forward feature selection we eliminated those from the mutation library. Compared to other similar web-based tools, PointFinder performs equally good. The advantages of PointFinder is that together with ResFinder it serves as a common web-based and downloadable platform for resistance detection in multiple species. It is easy to use for clinicians and already widely used in the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Hundahl Johnsen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philip T L C Clausen
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank M Aarestrup
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ole Lund
- Research Group for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Chen X, He G, Wang S, Lin S, Chen J, Zhang W. Evaluation of Whole-Genome Sequence Method to Diagnose Resistance of 13 Anti-tuberculosis Drugs and Characterize Resistance Genes in Clinical Multi-Drug Resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates From China. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1741. [PMID: 31417530 PMCID: PMC6685394 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a viable and financially feasible tool for timely and comprehensive diagnosis of drug resistance in developed countries. With the increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), second-line anti-TB drugs are gaining importance. However, genetic resistance to second-line anti-TB drugs based on WGS has not been fully studied. Methods: We randomly selected 100 MDR-TB and 10 non-MDR-TB isolates from a hospital in Zhejiang Province, China. Drug susceptibility tests against 13 anti-TB drugs were performed, and 34 drug resistance-related genes were analyzed using WGS in all isolates. For each drug, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of WGS were compared with those of the conventional drug susceptibility test. Results: The overall sensitivity and specificity for WGS were respectively, 99.0 and 100.0% for isoniazid (INH), 99.0 and 100.0% for rifampicin (RIF), 94.8 and 65.3% for ethambutol (EMB), 86.2 and 84.4% for pyrazinamide (PZA), 95.6 and 95.6% for levofloxacin (LFX), 89.5 and 65.3% for moxifloxacin (MFX), 91.3 and 95.1% for streptomycin (SM), 90.9 and 99.0% for kanamycin, 90.9 and 100.0% for amikacin, 88.9 and 98.0% for capreomycin, 87.0 and 85.1% for prothionamide (PTO), 85.7 and 99.0% for para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), and 66.7 and 95.9% for clofazimine (CLO). Conclusions: WGS is a promising approach to predict resistance to INH, RIF, PZA, LFX, SM, second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs), and PTO with satisfactory accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of over 85.0%. The specificity of WGS in diagnosing resistance to EMB, and high-level resistance to MFX (2.0 mg/L) needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchang Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guiqing He
- Sixth People's Hospital of Wenzhou City, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siran Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhen Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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42
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Cohen KA, Manson AL, Desjardins CA, Abeel T, Earl AM. Deciphering drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using whole-genome sequencing: progress, promise, and challenges. Genome Med 2019; 11:45. [PMID: 31345251 PMCID: PMC6657377 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0660-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global infectious threat that is intensified by an increasing incidence of highly drug-resistant disease. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, have greatly increased our understanding of this pathogen. Since the first M. tuberculosis genome was published in 1998, WGS has provided a more complete account of the genomic features that cause resistance in populations of M. tuberculosis, has helped to fill gaps in our knowledge of how both classical and new antitubercular drugs work, and has identified specific mutations that allow M. tuberculosis to escape the effects of these drugs. WGS studies have also revealed how resistance evolves both within an individual patient and within patient populations, including the important roles of de novo acquisition of resistance and clonal spread. These findings have informed decisions about which drug-resistance mutations should be included on extended diagnostic panels. From its origins as a basic science technique, WGS of M. tuberculosis is becoming part of the modern clinical microbiology laboratory, promising rapid and improved detection of drug resistance, and detailed and real-time epidemiology of TB outbreaks. We review the successes and highlight the challenges that remain in applying WGS to improve the control of drug-resistant TB through monitoring its evolution and spread, and to inform more rapid and effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira A Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, 21205, USA.
| | - Abigail L Manson
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Christopher A Desjardins
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Abeel
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, 2628, XE, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Ashlee M Earl
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Wang Y, Li Q, Gao H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lu J, Dai E. The roles of rpsL, rrs, and gidB mutations in predicting streptomycin-resistant drugs used on clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Hebei Province, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:2713-2721. [PMID: 31934102 PMCID: PMC6949554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Streptomycin (STR) is a component of first-line drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proportion and type of mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to STR and their relationship with the STR-resistant phenotype and with the epidemiological molecular model of the isolates. A total of 302 clinical isolates, including 215 STR-resistant and 87 STR-susceptible isolates, were characterized using the proportion method with Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The genes rpsL, rrs and gidB were screened for mutations using DNA sequencing methodology. All strains were genotyped using the spoligotyping technique. Mutations in rpsL and in rrs were observed in 63.3% and 15.8% of the STR-resistance isolates, respectively. The most prevalent mutations were the Lys43Arg substitution in the rpsL gene and the A514C change in the rrs gene. Ten novel mutations were identified in gidB. These novel mutations might be new potential markers for predicting STR-resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Mutations in rpsL, rrs, and gidB had a sensitivity of 84.2% and a specificity of 77.0% for the detection of STR-resistance isolates. The Beijing lineage strains were associated with the rpsL mutation Lys43Arg (P = 0.051), as well as the dual gidB mutations Glu92Asp and Ala205Ala (P < 0.001). Our study suggested that rpsL and rrs can act as useful genetic markers for predicting STR-resistance, and gidB polymorphisms play an important role in STR-resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Hebei, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Department of Tuberculosis, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Qianlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210, Hebei, China
| | - Huixia Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Yuzhen Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shijiazhuang, North China University of Science and TechnologyShijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
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44
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Bouziane F, Allem R, Sebaihia M, Kumanski S, Mougari F, Sougakoff W, Raskine L, Yala D, Cambau E. First genetic characterisation of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Algeria. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 19:301-307. [PMID: 31100498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the genotypes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolated in Algeria, where there is a low MDR-MTB incidence rate. METHODS Ten MDR isolates and one resistant to isoniazid were investigated by PCR-Sanger sequencing for 10 loci involved in resistance. Amplicon-based next generation sequencing (NGS) of 15 loci was additionally performed on isolates harbouring novel mutations. RESULTS Sanger and amplicon-NGS provided the same results as with GenoType kits. Mutations known to be associated with resistance were described for most isolates: rpoB S531L in seven of 10 rifampicin-R MTB isolates, katG S315T in nine of 11 isoniazid-R, and promoter inhA c-15t in three of 11, embB M306V or M306I in two of two ethambutol-R, rpsL K43R in four of eight or rrs a514c associated with gidB L16R in streptomycin-R, gyrA A90V in the ofloxacin-R pre-XDR isolate. New and rare mutations were also described in rpoB (deletion 512-513-514), katG (S315R, M126I/ R496L), gidB (V124G, E92A, V139A, G37V), and gyrA (P8A). Mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unit-variable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) profiles were similar for three isolates (lineage Cameroon), indicating a possible clonal diffusion in epidemiologically unrelated patients. CONCLUSIONS Resistant MTB isolates in Algeria harbour resistance genotypes similar to other countries, but some rare patterns may result from selection and transmission processes inherent to the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feriel Bouziane
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Génomique et Bio-Informatique-Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Hassiba Ben Bouali, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Rachida Allem
- Laboratoire de Bio Ressources Naturelles, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Hassiba Ben Bouali, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Sebaihia
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire, Génomique et Bio-Informatique-Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Hassiba Ben Bouali, Chlef, Algeria
| | - Sylvain Kumanski
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence Des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, GH Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Faiza Mougari
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence Des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, GH Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Iame, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Wladimir Sougakoff
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre National de Référence des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Raskine
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence Des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, GH Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France
| | - Djamel Yala
- Laboratoire National de Référence pour la Tuberculose et Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Alger, Algeria
| | - Emmanuelle Cambau
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre National de Référence Des Mycobactéries et de la Résistance des Mycobactéries aux Antituberculeux, GH Lariboisière-Fernand Widal, Paris, France; Iame, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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45
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Chen CY, Weng JY, Huang HH, Yen WC, Tsai YH, Cheng TC, Jou R. A new oligonucleotide array for the detection of multidrug and extensively drug-resistance tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4425. [PMID: 30872613 PMCID: PMC6418274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is a global crisis and a threat to health security. Since conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) takes several weeks, we herein described a molecular assay to rapidly identify multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and reveal transmission associated-mutations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates in 6 to 7 hours. An array was designed with 12 pairs of primers and 60 single nucleotide polymorphisms of 9 genes: rpoB, katG, inhA, ahpC, embB, rpsL, gyrA, rrs and eis. We assessed the performance of the array using 176 clinical MTBC isolates. The results of culture-based DST were used as the gold standard, the GenoType MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl tests were used for parallel comparison, and gene sequencing was performed to resolve the discordance. The sensitivities and specificities of the array are comparable to those of the MTBDRplus test for resistance to isoniazid (INH) (100.0%, 96.7%) and rifampicin (RIF) (99.4%, 96.7%) and of the MTBDRsl test for resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQs) (100%, 100%) and second-line injectable drugs (SLIDs) (98.3%, 100%). The sensitivities of the array for detecting resistance to ethambutol and streptomycin were 79.3% and 64.9%, respectively. The array has potential as a powerful tool for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yu Chen
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yun Weng
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Yen
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Chain Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, 115, Taiwan. .,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan.
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46
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Advani J, Verma R, Chatterjee O, Pachouri PK, Upadhyay P, Singh R, Yadav J, Naaz F, Ravikumar R, Buggi S, Suar M, Gupta UD, Pandey A, Chauhan DS, Tripathy SP, Gowda H, Prasad TSK. Whole Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates From India Reveals Genetic Heterogeneity and Region-Specific Variations That Might Affect Drug Susceptibility. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:309. [PMID: 30863380 PMCID: PMC6399466 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been constructive in understanding its evolution, genetic diversity and the mechanisms involved in drug resistance. A large number of sequencing efforts from across the globe have revealed genetic diversity among clinical isolates and the genetic determinants for their resistance to anti-tubercular drugs. Considering the high TB burden in India, the availability of WGS studies is limited. Here we present, WGS results of 200 clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis from North India which are categorized as sensitive to first-line drugs, mono-resistant, multi-drug resistant and pre-extensively drug resistant isolates. WGS revealed that 20% of the isolates were co-infected with M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria species. We identified 12,802 novel genetic variations in M. tuberculosis isolates including 343 novel SNVs in 38 genes which are known to be associated with drug resistance and are not currently used in the diagnostic kits for detection of drug resistant TB. We also identified M. tuberculosis lineage 3 to be predominant in the northern region of India. Additionally, several novel SNVs, which may potentially confer drug resistance were found to be enriched in the drug resistant isolates sampled. This study highlights the significance of employing WGS in diagnosis and for monitoring further development of MDR-TB strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bengaluru, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Renu Verma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bengaluru, India
| | - Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bengaluru, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India.,School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Pachouri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Prashant Upadhyay
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Jitendra Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Farah Naaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Raju Ravikumar
- Department of Neuromicrobiology, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shashidhar Buggi
- Intermediate Reference Laboratory, State Tuberculosis Training and Demonstration Centre, Someshwaranagar, SDSTRC and RGICD Campus, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Cardio Thoracic Surgery, Super Specialty State Referral Hospital for Chest Diseases, Someshwaranagar First Main Road, Dharmaram College Post, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Umesh D Gupta
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Devendra S Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Srikanth Prasad Tripathy
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bengaluru, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bengaluru, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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Jiang Y, Yu H, Li F, Cheng L, Zhu L, Shi Y, Gong Q. Unveiling the structural features that determine the dual methyltransferase activities of Streptococcus pneumoniae RlmCD. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007379. [PMID: 30388185 PMCID: PMC6235398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyltransferase RlmCD was previously shown to be responsible for the introduction of C5 methylation at both U747 and U1939 of the 23S ribosomal RNA in Streptococcus pneumoniae. Intriguingly, its structural homologue, RumA, can only catalyze the methylation of U1939, while RlmC is the dedicated enzyme for m5U747 in Escherichia coli. In this study, we describe the structure of RlmCD in complex with its cofactor and the RNA substrate containing U747 at 2.00 Å or U1939 at 3.10 Å. We demonstrate that multiple structural features collaborate to establish the dual enzymatic activities of RlmCD. Of them, the side-chain rearrangement of F145 was observed to be an unusual mechanism through which RlmCD can discriminate between U747- and U1939-containing RNA substrate by switching the intermolecular aromatic stacking between protein and RNA on/off. An in-vitro methyltransferase assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay were performed to validate these findings. Overall, our complex structures allow for a better understanding of the dual-functional mechanism of RlmCD, suggesting useful implications for the evolution of the RumA-type enzyme and the potential development of antibiotic drugs against S. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fudong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lingru Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yunyu Shi
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingguo Gong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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48
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Kavvas ES, Catoiu E, Mih N, Yurkovich JT, Seif Y, Dillon N, Heckmann D, Anand A, Yang L, Nizet V, Monk JM, Palsson BO. Machine learning and structural analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis pan-genome identifies genetic signatures of antibiotic resistance. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4306. [PMID: 30333483 PMCID: PMC6193043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06634-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious human pathogen threat exhibiting complex evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Accordingly, the many publicly available datasets describing its AMR characteristics demand disparate data-type analyses. Here, we develop a reference strain-agnostic computational platform that uses machine learning approaches, complemented by both genetic interaction analysis and 3D structural mutation-mapping, to identify signatures of AMR evolution to 13 antibiotics. This platform is applied to 1595 sequenced strains to yield four key results. First, a pan-genome analysis shows that M. tuberculosis is highly conserved with sequenced variation concentrated in PE/PPE/PGRS genes. Second, the platform corroborates 33 genes known to confer resistance and identifies 24 new genetic signatures of AMR. Third, 97 epistatic interactions across 10 resistance classes are revealed. Fourth, detailed structural analysis of these genes yields mechanistic bases for their selection. The platform can be used to study other human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erol S Kavvas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edward Catoiu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Mih
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James T Yurkovich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yara Seif
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Dillon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David Heckmann
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amitesh Anand
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laurence Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Monk
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Bernhard O Palsson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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49
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Miotto P, Zhang Y, Cirillo DM, Yam WC. Drug resistance mechanisms and drug susceptibility testing for tuberculosis. Respirology 2018; 23:1098-1113. [PMID: 30189463 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the deadliest infectious disease and the associated global threat has worsened with the emergence of drug resistance, in particular multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Although the World Health Organization (WHO) End-TB Strategy advocates for universal access to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, this is not widely available and/or it is still underused. The majority of drug resistance in clinical MTB strains is attributed to chromosomal mutations. Resistance-related mutations could also exert certain fitness cost to the drug-resistant MTB strains and growth fitness could be restored by the presence of compensatory mutations. Understanding these underlying mechanisms could provide an important insight into TB pathogenesis and predict the future trend of MDR-TB global pandemic. This review covers the mechanisms of resistance in MTB and provides a comprehensive overview of current phenotypic and molecular approaches for drug susceptibility testing, with particular attention to the methods endorsed and recommended by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Miotto
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Maria Cirillo
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Wing Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital Compound, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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50
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Yar AM, Zaman G, Hussain A, Changhui Y, Rasul A, Hussain A, Bo Z, Bokhari H, Ibrahim M. Comparative Genome Analysis of 2 Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains from Pakistan: Insights Globally Into Drug Resistance, Virulence, and Niche Adaptation. Evol Bioinform Online 2018; 14:1176934318790252. [PMID: 30083049 PMCID: PMC6075610 DOI: 10.1177/1176934318790252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a global
threat particularly in developing countries like Pakistan. In this study, we
identified 2 M tuberculosis strains, mnpk and swlpk, by 16S RNA
genes, sequenced their draft genome, and compared the 2 genomes with reference
strain H37Rv and gene expression analysis of selected virulent genes.
Phylogenetic analysis of M tuberculosis strains, mnpk and
swlpk, using 16S RNA genes revealed that the strains are closely related with
reference strain H37Rv. The draft genome sequence of mnpk and swlpk contains
4305 and 4295 protein-coding genes, respectively, having 99.9% with high
collinearity when compared with H37Rv. Although some important drug-resistant
genes such as fabG, faDE24, and
iniA were missing, genome mining also revealed key
drug-resistant genes such as katG, inhA,
rpoA, rpoB, and rpoC
against first-line isoniazid and rifampicin drug. The strain mnpk and swlpk
encodes 257 putative and 86 verified virulent genes including type 7 secretion
system (T7SS) key genes. The variation in the expression profile of selected
T7SS genes, particularly low expression level of EspK, raised
concern that the mechanism of virulence of mnpk and swlpk might be different
from H37Rv strains as espK is associated with ATPase
EccC1a and EccC1b which showed high
expression level. Briefly, this study shows that the strains mnpk and swlpk are
linked with H37Rv having 99% similarity in genomes, but the absence of
drug-resistant genes and variation in key genes’ expression profile
espK, EccE1, PPE41, and
espC provide a rationale for the future investigation of
M tuberculosis mnpk and swlpk pathogenesis via RNA
sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as gene manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Muhammad Yar
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ghanva Zaman
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Annam Hussain
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Yan Changhui
- Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zhu Bo
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Habib Bokhari
- Laboratories of Microbiology and Public Health, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Genomics and Computational Biology Laboratory, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Pakistan
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