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Hassan Abd El-Ghany SS, Azmy AF, Osama EL-Gendy A, Abd El-Baky RM, Mustafa A, Abourehab MAS, El‐Beeh ME, Ibrahem RA. Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Monolaurin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound Infections. Int J Microbiol 2024; 2024:7518368. [PMID: 39129910 PMCID: PMC11315973 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7518368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major pathogens associated with life-threatening infections, showing resistance to various antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the influence of monolaurin on biofilm-forming MRSA. Methods The agar dilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of monolaurin against MRSA isolates and explored its impact on the resistance profile of selected antibiotics. The assessment of combined therapy involving monolaurin and antibiotics was conducted using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). The tissue culture plate strategy appraised monolaurin's antibiofilm activity and its inhibitory concentration (IC50), with assessment via scanning electron microscopy. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) discerned a monolaurin effect on the expression of the icaD gene. Results Monolaurin exhibited MIC values ranging from 500 to 2000 μg/mL. FIC index showed a synergistic effect of monolaurin with β-lactam antibiotics ranging from 0.0039 to 0.25 (p < 0.001). Among the 103 investigated MRSA isolates, 44 (44.7%) displayed moderate biofilm formation, while 59 (55.3%) were strong biofilm producers. Antibiofilm activity demonstrated concentration dependence, confirming monolaurin's capacity to inhibit biofilm formation and exhibited strong eradicating effects against preformed MRSA biofilms with IC50 values of 203.6 μg/mL and 379.3 μg/mL, respectively. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed reduced cell attachments and diminished biofilm formation compared to the control. The expression levels of the icaD gene were remarkably reduced at monolaurin concentrations of 250 and 500 μg/mL. Conclusion Monolaurin had significant inhibitory effects on MRSA pre-existing biofilms as well as biofilm development. So, it can be employed in the treatment of severe infections, particularly those associated with biofilm formation including catheter-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Salah Hassan Abd El-Ghany
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyDeraya University, Minia 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Farag Azmy
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osama EL-Gendy
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyBeni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Rehab Mahmoud Abd El-Baky
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyDeraya University, Minia 11566, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyMinia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Mustafa
- Faculty of EngineeringOctober University for Modern Science and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of PharmacyMinia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of PharmaceuticsFaculty of PharmacyUmm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. El‐Beeh
- Biology DepartmentAl‐Jumum University CollegeUmm Al‐Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Ali Ibrahem
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of PharmacyMinia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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2
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Yousuf B, Pasha R, Pineault N, Ramirez-Arcos S. Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus gene expression during proliferation in platelet concentrates with focus on virulence and platelet functionality. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0307920. [PMID: 39052660 PMCID: PMC11271859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-documented bacterial contaminant in platelet concentrates (PCs), a blood component used to treat patients with platelet deficiencies. This bacterium can evade routine PC culture screening and cause septic transfusion reactions. Here, we investigated the gene expression modulation within the PC niche versus trypticase soy media (TSB) of S. aureus CBS2016-05, a strain isolated from a septic reaction, in comparison to PS/BAC/317/16/W, a strain identified during PC screening. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of the capsule biosynthesis operon (capA-H), surface adhesion factors (sasADF), clumping factor A (clfA), protein A (spa), and anaerobic metabolism genes (pflAB, nrdDG) in CBS2016-05 when grown in PCs versus TSB, implying its enhanced pathogenicity in this milieu, in contrast to the PS/BAC/317/16/W strain. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of S. aureus CBS2016-05 on platelet functionality in spiked PCs versus non-spiked PC units. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a significant decrease in glycoprotein (GP) IIb (CD41) and GPIbα (CD42b) expression, alongside increased P-selectin (CD62P) and phosphatidylserine (annexin V) expression in spiked PCs compared to non-spiked PCs (p = 0.01). Moreover, spiked PCs exhibited a drastic reduction in MitoTrack Red FM and Calcein AM positive platelets (87.3% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.0001 and 95.4% vs. 24.7%, p = 0.0001) in a bacterial cell density manner. These results indicated that S. aureus CBS2016-05 triggers platelet activation and apoptosis, and compromises mitochondrial functionality and platelet viability, in contaminated PCs. Furthermore, this study enhanced our understanding of the effects of platelet-bacteria interactions in the unique PC niche, highlighting S. aureus increased pathogenicity and deleterious effect on platelet functionality in a strain specific manner. Our novel insights serve as a platform to improve PC transfusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basit Yousuf
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Roya Pasha
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nicolas Pineault
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sandra Ramirez-Arcos
- Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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3
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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Butler J, Morgan S, Jones L, Upton M, Besinis A. Evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of a silver nanocomposite surface coating against nosocomial pathogens as an antibiofilm strategy to prevent hospital infections. Nanotoxicology 2024; 18:410-436. [PMID: 39051684 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2024.2379809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial nanocoatings may be a means of preventing nosocomial infections, which account for significant morbidity and mortality. The role of hospital sink traps in these infections is also increasingly appreciated. We describe the preparation, material characterization and antibacterial activity of a pipe cement-based silver nanocoating applied to unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, a material widely used in wastewater plumbing. Three-dimensional surface topography imaging and scanning electron microscopy showed increased roughness in all surface finishes versus control, with grinding producing the roughest surfaces. Silver stability within nanocoatings was >99.89% in deionized water and bacteriological media seeded with bacteria. The nanocoating exhibited potent antibiofilm (99.82-100% inhibition) and antiplanktonic (99.59-99.99% killing) activity against three representative bacterial species and a microbial community recovered from hospital sink traps. Hospital sink trap microbiota were characterized by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, revealing the presence of opportunistic pathogens from genera including Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Clostridioides. In a benchtop model sink trap system, nanocoating antibiofilm activity against this community remained significant after 11 days but waned following 25 days. Silver nanocoated disks in real-world sink traps in two university buildings had a limited antibiofilm effect, even though in vitro experiments using microbial communities recovered from the same traps demonstrated that the nanocoating was effective, reducing biofilm formation by >99.6% and killing >98% of planktonic bacteria. We propose that conditioning films forming in the complex conditions of real-world sink traps negatively impact nanocoating performance, which may have wider relevance to development of antimicrobial nanocoatings that are not tested in the real-world.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Butler
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Sian Morgan
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Jones
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Upton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros Besinis
- School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
- Peninsula Dental School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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5
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Maree M, Ushijima Y, Fernandes PB, Higashide M, Morikawa K. SCC mec transformation requires living donor cells in mixed biofilms. Biofilm 2024; 7:100184. [PMID: 38440091 PMCID: PMC10909703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen that has emerged through the horizontal acquisition of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Previously, we showed that SCCmec from heat-killed donors can be transferred via natural transformation in biofilms at frequencies of 10-8-10-7. Here, we show an improved transformation assay of SCCmec with frequencies up to 10-2 using co-cultured biofilms with living donor cells. The Ccr-attB system played an important role in SCCmec transfer, and the deletion of ccrAB recombinase genes reduced the frequency ∼30-fold. SCCmec could be transferred from either MRSA or methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci to some methicillin-sensitive S. aureus recipients. In addition, the transformation of other plasmid or chromosomal genes is enhanced by using living donor cells. This study emphasizes the role of natural transformation as an evolutionary ability of S. aureus and in MRSA emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais Maree
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | | | - Masato Higashide
- Kotobiken Medical Laboratories, Inc., Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba, Japan
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6
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He Z, Dechesne A, Schreiber F, Zhu YG, Larsson DGJ, Smets BF. Understanding Stimulation of Conjugal Gene Transfer by Nonantibiotic Compounds: How Far Are We? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9017-9030. [PMID: 38753980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A myriad of nonantibiotic compounds is released into the environment, some of which may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance by stimulating conjugation. Here, we analyzed a collection of studies to (i) identify patterns of transfer stimulation across groups and concentrations of chemicals, (ii) evaluate the strength of evidence for the proposed mechanisms behind conjugal stimulation, and (iii) examine the plausibility of alternative mechanisms. We show that stimulatory nonantibiotic compounds act at concentrations from 1/1000 to 1/10 of the minimal inhibitory concentration for the donor strain but that stimulation is always modest (less than 8-fold). The main proposed mechanisms for stimulation via the reactive oxygen species/SOS cascade and/or an increase in cell membrane permeability are not unequivocally supported by the literature. However, we identify the reactive oxygen species/SOS cascade as the most likely mechanism. This remains to be confirmed by firm molecular evidence. Such evidence and more standardized and high-throughput conjugation assays are needed to create technologies and solutions to limit the stimulation of conjugal gene transfer and contribute to mitigating global antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming He
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, So̷ltofts Plads Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Sino-Danish College (SDC) for Education and Research, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, So̷ltofts Plads Building 221, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1799 Jimei Road, 361021 Xiamen, China
| | - D G Joakim Larsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10, SE-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
- Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe), University of Gothenburg, Västra Götaland, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering-Environmental Engineering, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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7
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Vincent J, Tenore A, Mattei MR, Frunzo L. Modelling Plasmid-Mediated Horizontal Gene Transfer in Biofilms. Bull Math Biol 2024; 86:63. [PMID: 38664322 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-024-01289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present a mathematical model for plasmid spread in a growing biofilm, formulated as a nonlocal system of partial differential equations in a 1-D free boundary domain. Plasmids are mobile genetic elements able to transfer to different phylotypes, posing a global health problem when they carry antibiotic resistance factors. We model gene transfer regulation influenced by nearby potential receptors to account for recipient-sensing. We also introduce a promotion function to account for trace metal effects on conjugation, based on literature data. The model qualitatively matches experimental results, showing that contaminants like toxic metals and antibiotics promote plasmid persistence by favoring plasmid carriers and stimulating conjugation. Even at higher contaminant concentrations inhibiting conjugation, plasmid spread persists by strongly inhibiting plasmid-free cells. The model also replicates higher plasmid density in biofilm's most active regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vincent
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "Renato Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Alberto Tenore
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "Renato Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Mattei
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "Renato Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Frunzo
- Department of Mathematics and Applications "Renato Caccioppoli", University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 26, 80126, Monte S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
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8
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Araújo D, Silva AR, Fernandes R, Serra P, Barros MM, Campos AM, Oliveira R, Silva S, Almeida C, Castro J. Emerging Approaches for Mitigating Biofilm-Formation-Associated Infections in Farm, Wild, and Companion Animals. Pathogens 2024; 13:320. [PMID: 38668275 PMCID: PMC11054384 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of addressing the problem of biofilms in farm, wild, and companion animals lies in their pervasive impact on animal health and welfare. Biofilms, as resilient communities of microorganisms, pose a persistent challenge in causing infections and complicating treatment strategies. Recognizing and understanding the importance of mitigating biofilm formation is critical to ensuring the welfare of animals in a variety of settings, from farms to the wild and companion animals. Effectively addressing this issue not only improves the overall health of individual animals, but also contributes to the broader goals of sustainable agriculture, wildlife conservation, and responsible pet ownership. This review examines the current understanding of biofilm formation in animal diseases and elucidates the complex processes involved. Recognizing the limitations of traditional antibiotic treatments, mechanisms of resistance associated with biofilms are explored. The focus is on alternative therapeutic strategies to control biofilm, with illuminating case studies providing valuable context and practical insights. In conclusion, the review highlights the importance of exploring emerging approaches to mitigate biofilm formation in animals. It consolidates existing knowledge, highlights gaps in understanding, and encourages further research to address this critical facet of animal health. The comprehensive perspective provided by this review serves as a foundation for future investigations and interventions to improve the management of biofilm-associated infections in diverse animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Araújo
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Patrícia Serra
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Margarida Barros
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CECAV—Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Campos
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- INIAV—National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinarian Research, Rua dos Lagidos, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal; (A.R.S.); (R.F.); (P.S.); (M.M.B.); (A.M.C.); (R.O.); (S.S.); (C.A.)
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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9
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Kameswaran S, Gujjala S, Zhang S, Kondeti S, Mahalingam S, Bangeppagari M, Bellemkonda R. Quenching and quorum sensing in bacterial bio-films. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104085. [PMID: 37268165 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is the ability of bacteria to monitor their population density and adjust gene expression accordingly. QS-regulated processes include host-microbe interactions, horizontal gene transfer, and multicellular behaviours (such as the growth and development of biofilm). The creation, transfer, and perception of bacterial chemicals known as autoinducers or QS signals are necessary for QS signalling (e.g. N-acylhomoserine lactones). Quorum quenching (QQ), another name for the disruption of QS signalling, comprises a wide range of events and mechanisms that are described and analysed in this study. In order to better comprehend the targets of the QQ phenomena that organisms have naturally developed and are currently being actively researched from practical perspectives, we first surveyed the diversity of QS-signals and QS-associated responses. Next, the mechanisms, molecular players, and targets related to QS interference are discussed, with a focus on natural QQ enzymes and compounds that function as QS inhibitors. To illustrate the processes and biological functions of QS inhibition in microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions, a few QQ paradigms are described in detail. Finally, certain QQ techniques are offered as potential instruments in a variety of industries, including agriculture, medical, aquaculture, crop production, and anti-biofouling areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Kameswaran
- Department of Botany, Vikrama Simhapuri University College, Kavali, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhakara Gujjala
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Krishnadevaray a University, Ananthapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, PR China
| | - Suresh Kondeti
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Unit, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, 500082, India
| | - Sundararajan Mahalingam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Manjunatha Bangeppagari
- Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to Be University), Tamaka, Kolar, 563103, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Bellemkonda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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10
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Morris SD, Kumar VA, Biswas R, Mohan CG. Identification of a Staphylococcus aureus amidase catalytic domain inhibitor to prevent biofilm formation by sequential virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation and biological evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127842. [PMID: 37924909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the common causes of implant associated biofilm infections and their biofilms are resistant to antibiotics. S. aureus amidase (AM) protein, a cell wall hydrolase that cleaves the amide bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and L-alanine residue of the stem peptide, is several fold over-expressed under biofilm conditions. Previous studies demonstrated an autolysin mutant in S. aureus that lacks the AM protein, is highly impaired in biofilm development. We carried out a structure-based small molecule design using the crystal structure of AM protein catalytic domain to identify inhibitors that can block amidase activity and therefore inhibits S. aureus biofilm formation. Sequential virtual screening followed by pharmacokinetic analysis and bioassay studies filtered 25 small molecules from different databases. Two compounds from the SPECS database, SPECS-1 and SPECS-2, were selected based on the best docking score and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration towards S. aureus biofilms. SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 were further tested for their structural/energetic stability in complex with the AM protein using molecular dynamics simulation and MM-GBSA techniques. In vitro, biofilm inhibition studies on different surfaces confirmed that treatment with SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 at a concentration of 250 μg/ml exhibited significant prevention and disruption of S. aureus biofilms. Finally, the in vitro anti-biofilm activities of these two compounds were validated against Methicillin-resistant S. aureus clinical isolates. We concluded that the discovered compounds SPECS-1 and SPECS-2 are safe and exhibit biofilm preventive and disruption activity for inhibiting the S. aureus biofilms and hence can be used to treat implant-associated biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D Morris
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India
| | - V Anil Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682 041, Kerala State, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India.
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Lab, Amrita School of Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, India.
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11
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Li JG, Chen XF, Lu TY, Zhang J, Dai SH, Sun J, Liu YH, Liao XP, Zhou YF. Increased Activity of β-Lactam Antibiotics in Combination with Carvacrol against MRSA Bacteremia and Catheter-Associated Biofilm Infections. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2482-2493. [PMID: 38019707 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are the mainstay for the treatment of staphylococcal infections, but their utility is greatly limited by the emergence and rapid dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Herein, we evaluated the ability of the plant-derived monoterpene carvacrol to act as an antibiotic adjuvant, revitalizing the anti-MRSA activity of β-lactam antibiotics. Increased susceptibility of MRSA to β-lactam antibiotics and significant synergistic activities were observed with carvacrol-based combinations. Carvacrol significantly inhibited MRSA biofilms and reduced the production of exopolysaccharide, polysaccharide intercellular adhesin, and extracellular DNA and showed synergistic biofilm inhibition in combination with β-lactams. Transcriptome analysis revealed profound downregulation in the expression of genes involved in two-component systems and S. aureus infection. Mechanistic studies indicate that carvacrol inhibits the expression of staphylococcal accessory regulator sarA and interferes with SarA-mecA promoter binding that decreases mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance. Consistently, the in vivo experiment also supported that carvacrol restored MRSA sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotic treatments in both murine models of bacteremia and biofilm-associated infection. Our results indicated that carvacrol has a potential role as a combinatorial partner with β-lactam antibiotics to address MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Guo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting-Yin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Yantai Fushan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Fushan, Yantai, Shandong 265500, China
| | - Shu-He Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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12
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Guo Z, Liu M, Zhang D. Potential of phage depolymerase for the treatment of bacterial biofilms. Virulence 2023; 14:2273567. [PMID: 37872768 PMCID: PMC10621286 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2273567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a major concern in medicine and veterinary science. The bacterial biofilm structures not only prevent the penetration of drugs into cells within the biofilm's interior but also aid in evasion of the host immune system. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutic approaches against bacterial biofilms. One potential strategy to counter biofilms is to use phage depolymerases that degrade the matrix structure of the bacteria and enable access to bacterial cells. This review mainly discusses the methods by which phage depolymerases enhance the efficacy of the human immune system and the therapeutic applications of some phage depolymerases, such as single phage depolymerase application, combined therapy with phage depolymerase and antibiotics, and phage depolymerase cocktails, for treating bacterial biofilms. This review also summarizes the relationship between bacterial biofilms and antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatological Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Yang S, Li X, Cang W, Mu D, Ji S, An Y, Wu R, Wu J. Biofilm tolerance, resistance and infections increasing threat of public health. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2023; 10:233-247. [PMID: 37933277 PMCID: PMC10625689 DOI: 10.15698/mic2023.11.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms can cause chronic infection. In the clinical setting, the biofilm-related infections usually persist and reoccur; the main reason is the increased antibiotic resistance of biofilms. Traditional antibiotic therapy is not effective and might increase the threat of antibiotic resistance to public health. Therefore, it is urgent to study the tolerance and resistance mechanism of biofilms to antibiotics and find effective therapies for biofilm-related infections. The tolerance mechanism and host reaction of biofilm to antibiotics are reviewed, and bacterial biofilm related diseases formed by human pathogens are discussed thoroughly. The review also explored the role of biofilms in the development of bacterial resistance mechanisms and proposed therapeutic intervention strategies for biofilm related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Xinfei Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Weihe Cang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Delun Mu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Shuaiqi Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Yuejia An
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang 110866, P.R. China
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14
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Liu T, Zhai Y, Jeong KC. Advancing understanding of microbial biofilms through machine learning-powered studies. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1653-1664. [PMID: 37780593 PMCID: PMC10533454 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01415-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are prevalent in various environments and pose significant challenges to food safety and public health. The biofilms formed by pathogens can cause food spoilage, foodborne illness, and infectious diseases, which are difficult to treat due to their enhanced antimicrobial resistance. While the composition and development of biofilms have been widely studied, their profound impact on food, the food industry, and public health has not been sufficiently recapitulated. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of microbial biofilms in the food industry and their implication on public health. It highlights the existence of biofilms along the food-producing chains and the underlying mechanisms of biofilm-associated diseases. Furthermore, this review thoroughly summarizes the enhanced understanding of microbial biofilms achieved through machine learning approaches in biofilm research. By consolidating existing knowledge, this review intends to facilitate developing effective strategies to combat biofilm-associated infections in both the food industry and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Yuting Zhai
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
| | - Kwangcheol Casey Jeong
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, 2055 Mowry Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA
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15
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Kalia VC, Patel SKS, Lee JK. Bacterial biofilm inhibitors: An overview. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115389. [PMID: 37634478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria that cause infectious diseases adopt biofilms as one of their most prevalent lifestyles. Biofilms enable bacteria to tolerate environmental stress and evade antibacterial agents. This bacterial defense mechanism has rendered the use of antibiotics ineffective for the treatment of infectious diseases. However, many highly drug-resistant microbes have rapidly emerged owing to such treatments. Different signaling mechanisms regulate bacterial biofilm formation, including cyclic dinucleotide (c-di-GMP), small non-coding RNAs, and quorum sensing (QS). A cell density-dependent phenomenon, QS is associated with c-di-GMP (a global messenger), which regulates gene expression related to adhesion, extracellular matrix production, the transition from the planktonic to biofilm stage, stability, pathogenicity, virulence, and acquisition of nutrients. The article aims to provide information on inhibiting biofilm formation and disintegrating mature/preformed biofilms. This treatment enables antimicrobials to target the free-living/exposed bacterial cells at lower concentrations than those needed to treat bacteria within the biofilm. Therefore, a complementary action of antibiofilm and antimicrobial agents can be a robust strategic approach to dealing with infectious diseases. Taken together, these molecules have broad implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Chandra Kalia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanjay K S Patel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kul Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Jimoh AA, Booysen E, van Zyl L, Trindade M. Do biosurfactants as anti-biofilm agents have a future in industrial water systems? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1244595. [PMID: 37781531 PMCID: PMC10540235 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1244595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are bacterial communities embedded in exopolymeric substances that form on the surfaces of both man-made and natural structures. Biofilm formation in industrial water systems such as cooling towers results in biofouling and biocorrosion and poses a major health concern as well as an economic burden. Traditionally, biofilms in industrial water systems are treated with alternating doses of oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides, but as resistance increases, higher biocide concentrations are needed. Using chemically synthesized surfactants in combination with biocides is also not a new idea; however, these surfactants are often not biodegradable and lead to accumulation in natural water reservoirs. Biosurfactants have become an essential bioeconomy product for diverse applications; however, reports of their use in combating biofilm-related problems in water management systems is limited to only a few studies. Biosurfactants are powerful anti-biofilm agents and can act as biocides as well as biodispersants. In laboratory settings, the efficacy of biosurfactants as anti-biofilm agents can range between 26% and 99.8%. For example, long-chain rhamnolipids isolated from Burkholderia thailandensis inhibit biofilm formation between 50% and 90%, while a lipopeptide biosurfactant from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was able to inhibit biofilms up to 96% and 99%. Additionally, biosurfactants can disperse preformed biofilms up to 95.9%. The efficacy of antibiotics can also be increased by between 25% and 50% when combined with biosurfactants, as seen for the V9T14 biosurfactant co-formulated with ampicillin, cefazolin, and tobramycin. In this review, we discuss how biofilms are formed and if biosurfactants, as anti-biofilm agents, have a future in industrial water systems. We then summarize the reported mode of action for biosurfactant molecules and their functionality as biofilm dispersal agents. Finally, we highlight the application of biosurfactants in industrial water systems as anti-fouling and anti-corrosion agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marla Trindade
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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17
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Tran NN, Morrisette T, Jorgensen SCJ, Orench-Benvenutti JM, Kebriaei R. Current therapies and challenges for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-related infections. Pharmacotherapy 2023; 43:816-832. [PMID: 37133439 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections and contributes to significant increase in morbidity and mortality especially when associated with medical devices and in biofilm form. Biofilm structure provides a pathway for the enrichment of resistant and persistent phenotypes of S. aureus leading to relapse and recurrence of infection. Minimal diffusion of antibiotics inside biofilm structure leads to heterogeneity and distinct physiological activity. Additionally, horizontal gene transfer between cells in proximity adds to the challenges associated with eradication of biofilms. This narrative review focuses on biofilm-associated infections caused by S. aureus, the impact of environmental conditions on biofilm formation, interactions inside biofilm communities, and the clinical challenges that they present. Conclusively, potential solutions, novel treatment strategies, combination therapies, and reported alternatives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki N Tran
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center - The James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Taylor Morrisette
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Medical University of South Carolina Shawn Jenkins Children's Hospital, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah C J Jorgensen
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - José M Orench-Benvenutti
- P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- P3 Research Laboratory, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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18
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Zhou Z, Ma W, Li F, Zhong D, Zhang W, Liu L, Zhang J, Zhu Y, Su P. Deciphering the distribution and microbial secretors of extracellular polymeric substances associated antibiotic resistance genes in tube wall biofilm. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 881:163218. [PMID: 37004772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and disinfectants have both been proposed to exert selective pressures on the biofilm as well as affecting the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the transfer mechanism of ARGs in drinking water distribution system (DWDS) under the coupling effect of antibiotics and disinfectants has not been completely understood. In the current study, four lab-scale biological annular reactors (BARs) were constructed to evaluate the effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and NaClO coupling in DWDS and reveal the related mechanisms of ARGs proliferation. TetM was abundant in both the liquid phase and the biofilm, and redundancy analysis showed that the total organic carbon (TOC) and temperature were significantly correlated with ARGs in the water phase. There was a significant correlation between the relative abundance of ARGs in the biofilm phase and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Additionally, the proliferation and spread of ARGs in water phase were related to microbial community structure. Partial least-squares path modeling showed that antibiotic concentration may influence ARGs by affecting MGEs. These findings help us to better understand the diffusion process of ARGs in drinking water and provide a theoretical support for technologies to control ARGs at the front of pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Feiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Luming Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jingna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yisong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Peng Su
- Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research, Wuhan 430010, China
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19
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Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Xie F, Olsen RH, Shi L, Li L. Inhibition of Plasmid Conjugation in Escherichia coli by Targeting rbsB Gene Using CRISPRi System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10585. [PMID: 37445761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial conjugation constitutes a major horizontal gene transfer mechanism for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) among human pathogens. The spread of ARGs can be halted or diminished by interfering with the conjugation process. In this study, we explored the possibility of using an rbsB gene as a single target to inhibit plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer in Escherichia coli by CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system. Three single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the rbsB gene. The transcriptional levels of the rbsB gene, the conjugation-related genes, and the conjugation efficiency in the CRISPRi strain were tested. We further explored the effect of the repressed expression of the rbsB gene on the quorum sensing (QS) system and biofilm formation. The results showed that the constructed CRISPRi system was effective in repressing the transcriptional level of the rbsB gene at a rate of 66.4%. The repressed expression of the rbsB gene resulted in the reduced conjugation rate of RP4 plasmid by 88.7%, which significantly inhibited the expression of the conjugation-related genes (trbBp, trfAp, traF and traJ) and increased the global regulator genes (korA, korB and trbA). The repressed rbsB gene expression reduced the depletion of autoinducer 2 signals (AI-2) by 12.8% and biofilm formation by a rate of 68.2%. The results of this study indicated the rbsB gene could be used as a universal target for the inhibition of conjugation. The constructed conjugative CRISPRi system has the potential to be used in ARG high-risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Xiao
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fengjun Xie
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rikke Heidemann Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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20
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Koehle AP, Brumwell SL, Seto EP, Lynch AM, Urbaniak C. Microbial applications for sustainable space exploration beyond low Earth orbit. NPJ Microgravity 2023; 9:47. [PMID: 37344487 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-023-00285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
With the construction of the International Space Station, humans have been continuously living and working in space for 22 years. Microbial studies in space and other extreme environments on Earth have shown the ability for bacteria and fungi to adapt and change compared to "normal" conditions. Some of these changes, like biofilm formation, can impact astronaut health and spacecraft integrity in a negative way, while others, such as a propensity for plastic degradation, can promote self-sufficiency and sustainability in space. With the next era of space exploration upon us, which will see crewed missions to the Moon and Mars in the next 10 years, incorporating microbiology research into planning, decision-making, and mission design will be paramount to ensuring success of these long-duration missions. These can include astronaut microbiome studies to protect against infections, immune system dysfunction and bone deterioration, or biological in situ resource utilization (bISRU) studies that incorporate microbes to act as radiation shields, create electricity and establish robust plant habitats for fresh food and recycling of waste. In this review, information will be presented on the beneficial use of microbes in bioregenerative life support systems, their applicability to bISRU, and their capability to be genetically engineered for biotechnological space applications. In addition, we discuss the negative effect microbes and microbial communities may have on long-duration space travel and provide mitigation strategies to reduce their impact. Utilizing the benefits of microbes, while understanding their limitations, will help us explore deeper into space and develop sustainable human habitats on the Moon, Mars and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Koehle
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie L Brumwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anne M Lynch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Camilla Urbaniak
- ZIN Technologies Inc, Middleburg Heights, OH, USA.
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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21
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Steadman W, Chapman PR, Schuetz M, Schmutz B, Trampuz A, Tetsworth K. Local Antibiotic Delivery Options in Prosthetic Joint Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040752. [PMID: 37107114 PMCID: PMC10134995 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) causes significant morbidity and mortality for patients globally. Delivery of antibiotics to the site of infection has potential to improve the treatment outcomes and enhance biofilm eradication. These antibiotics can be delivered using an intra-articular catheter or combined with a carrier substance to enhance pharmacokinetic properties. Carrier options include non-resorbable polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and resorbable calcium sulphate, hydroxyapatite, bioactive glass, and hydrogels. PMMA allows for creation of structural spacers used in multi-stage revision procedures, however it requires subsequent removal and antibiotic compatibility and the levels delivered are variable. Calcium sulphate is the most researched resorbable carrier in PJI, but is associated with wound leakage and hypercalcaemia, and clinical evidence for its effectiveness remains at the early stage. Hydrogels provide a versatile combability with antibiotics and adjustable elution profiles, but clinical usage is currently limited. Novel anti-biofilm therapies include bacteriophages which have been used successfully in small case series.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Steadman
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Paul R Chapman
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Herston Infectious Disease Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - Michael Schuetz
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Beat Schmutz
- Jamieson Trauma Institute, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling, and Manufacturing, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Septic Unit Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Tetsworth
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane 4029, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia
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22
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Gonçalves ASC, Leitão MM, Simões M, Borges A. The action of phytochemicals in biofilm control. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:595-627. [PMID: 36537821 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2009 to 2021Antimicrobial resistance is now rising to dangerously high levels in all parts of the world, threatening the treatment of an ever-increasing range of infectious diseases. This has becoming a serious public health problem, especially due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among clinically important bacterial species and their ability to form biofilms. In addition, current anti-infective therapies have low efficacy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections, leading to recurrence, chronicity, and increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to search for innovative strategies/antibacterial agents capable of overcoming the limitations of conventional antibiotics. Natural compounds, in particular those obtained from plants, have been exhibiting promising properties in this field. Plant secondary metabolites (phytochemicals) can act as antibiofilm agents through different mechanisms of action from the available antibiotics (inhibition of quorum-sensing, motility, adhesion, and reactive oxygen species production, among others). The combination of different phytochemicals and antibiotics have revealed synergistic or additive effects in biofilm control. This review aims to bring together the most relevant reports on the antibiofilm properties of phytochemicals, as well as insights into their structure and mechanistic action against bacterial pathogens, spanning December 2008 to December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana S C Gonçalves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel M Leitão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anabela Borges
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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23
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Usui M, Yoshii Y, Thiriet-Rupert S, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. Intermittent antibiotic treatment of bacterial biofilms favors the rapid evolution of resistance. Commun Biol 2023; 6:275. [PMID: 36928386 PMCID: PMC10020551 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial antibiotic resistance is a global health concern of increasing importance and intensive study. Although biofilms are a common source of infections in clinical settings, little is known about the development of antibiotic resistance within biofilms. Here, we use experimental evolution to compare selection of resistance mutations in planktonic and biofilm Escherichia coli populations exposed to clinically relevant cycles of lethal treatment with the aminoglycoside amikacin. Consistently, mutations in sbmA, encoding an inner membrane peptide transporter, and fusA, encoding the essential elongation factor G, are rapidly selected in biofilms, but not in planktonic cells. This is due to a combination of enhanced mutation rate, increased adhesion capacity and protective biofilm-associated tolerance. These results show that the biofilm environment favors rapid evolution of resistance and provide new insights into the dynamic evolution of antibiotic resistance in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Yutaka Yoshii
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Thiriet-Rupert
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Beloin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 6047, Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France.
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24
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Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Li J, Wang W, Huang S, Ma X, Zhang X. Thermosensitive Nanotherapeutics for Localized Photothermal Ablation of MRSA-Infected Osteomyelitis Combined with Chemotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12842-12854. [PMID: 36862542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic osteomyelitis is an inflammatory skeletal disease caused by a bacterial infection that affects the periosteum, bone, and bone marrow. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common causative agent. The bacterial biofilm formed on the necrotic bone is a considerable challenge to treating MRSA-infected osteomyelitis. Here, we developed an all-in-one cationic thermosensitive nanotherapeutic (TLCA) for treating MRSA-infected osteomyelitis. The prepared TLCA particles were positively charged and <230 nm in size, which allowed them to diffuse effectively into the biofilm. The positive charges of the nanotherapeutic accurately targeted the biofilm, and it subsequently regulated the drug release under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, thereby efficiently exerting the synergistic effect of NIR light-driven photothermal sterilization and chemotherapy. More than 80% of the antibiotics were abruptly released at 50 °C, which dispersed the biofilm by up to 90%. When applied to MRSA-infected osteomyelitis, with a localized temperature of 50 °C induced by 808 nm laser irradiation, it not only eliminated the bacteria and controlled infection but also inhibited the bone tissue inflammatory response, significantly reducing TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. In conclusion, we constructed an all-in-one antimicrobial treatment modality that provides a new and effective strategy for the topical treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefangnan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yijie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, No. 406 Jiefangnan Road, Hexi District, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xinge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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25
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Verweij W, Griswold CK. Spatial structure and benefits to hosts allow plasmids with and without post-segregational killing systems to coexist. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220376. [PMID: 36855853 PMCID: PMC9975649 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
To persist, a plasmid relies on being passed on to a daughter cell, but this does not always occur. Plasmids with post-segregational killing (PSK) systems kill a daughter cell if the plasmid has not been passed on. By killing the host, it also kills competing plasmids in the same host, something competing plasmids without a similar system cannot do. Accordingly, plasmids with PSK systems can displace other plasmids. In nature, plasmids with and without PSK systems coexist and prior theory has suggested this is expected to be very rare or unstable, such that one or the other type of plasmid eventually takes over. Here, we show that if there is spatial structure and plasmids confer benefits to hosts, coexistence of plasmids occurs broadly. Often plasmids confer benefits (even ones with a PSK system) and bacteria are often spatially structured. So, our results may be generally applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilco Verweij
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
| | - Cortland K. Griswold
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1
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26
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Morris D, Flores M, Harris L, Gammon J, Nigam Y. Larval Therapy and Larval Excretions/Secretions: A Potential Treatment for Biofilm in Chronic Wounds? A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020457. [PMID: 36838422 PMCID: PMC9965881 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds present a global healthcare challenge and are increasing in prevalence, with bacterial biofilms being the primary roadblock to healing in most cases. A systematic review of the to-date knowledge on larval therapy's interaction with chronic-wound biofilm is presented here. The findings detail how larval therapy-the controlled application of necrophagous blowfly larvae-acts on biofilms produced by chronic-wound-relevant bacteria through their principle pharmacological mode of action: the secretion and excretion of biologically active substances into the wound bed. A total of 12 inclusion-criteria-meeting publications were identified following the application of a PRISMA-guided methodology for a systematic review. The findings of these publications were qualitatively analyzed to provide a summary of the prevailing understanding of larval therapy's effects on bacterial biofilm. A further review assessed the quality of the existing evidence to identify knowledge gaps and suggest ways these may be bridged. In summary, larval therapy has a seemingly unarguable ability to inhibit and degrade bacterial biofilms associated with impaired wound healing. However, further research is needed to clarify and standardize the methodological approach in this area of investigation. Such research may lead to the clinical application of larval therapy or derivative treatments for the management of chronic-wound biofilms and improve patient healing outcomes at a time when alternative therapies are desperately needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Morris
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- BioMonde, Bridgend CF31 3BG, UK
| | | | - Llinos Harris
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - John Gammon
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Yamni Nigam
- Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
- Correspondence:
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27
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Michaelis C, Grohmann E. Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020328. [PMID: 36830238 PMCID: PMC9952180 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces and are embedded in a complex matrix which is known as biofilm. Biofilm formation is especially worrisome in clinical settings as it hinders the treatment of infections with antibiotics due to the facilitated acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Environmental settings are now considered as pivotal for driving biofilm formation, biofilm-mediated antibiotic resistance development and dissemination. Several studies have demonstrated that environmental biofilms can be hotspots for the dissemination of ARGs. These genes can be encoded on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as conjugative and mobilizable plasmids or integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs). ARGs can be rapidly transferred through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) which has been shown to occur more frequently in biofilms than in planktonic cultures. Biofilm models are promising tools to mimic natural biofilms to study the dissemination of ARGs via HGT. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of biofilm studies and the techniques that visualize the three main HGT mechanisms in biofilms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation.
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28
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Werneburg GT, Hettel D, Adler A, Mukherjee SD, Lundy SD, Angermeier KW, Wood HM, Gill BC, Vasavada SP, Goldman HB, Rackley RR, Shoskes DA, Miller AW. Biofilms on Indwelling Artificial Urinary Sphincter Devices Harbor Complex Microbe-Metabolite Interaction Networks and Reconstitute Differentially In Vitro by Material Type. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010215. [PMID: 36672723 PMCID: PMC9855829 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) is an effective treatment option for incontinence due to intrinsic sphincteric deficiency in the context of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, or stress urinary incontinence following radical prostatectomy. A subset of AUS devices develops infection and requires explant. We sought to characterize biofilm composition of the AUS device to inform prevention and treatment strategies. Indwelling AUS devices were swabbed for biofilm at surgical removal or revision. Samples and controls were subjected to next-generation sequencing and metabolomics. Biofilm formation of microbial strains isolated from AUS devices was reconstituted in a bioreactor mimicking subcutaneous tissue with a medical device present. Mean patient age was 73 (SD 10.2). All eighteen artificial urinary sphincter devices harbored microbial biofilms. Central genera in the overall microbe−metabolite interaction network were Staphylococcus (2620 metabolites), Escherichia/Shigella (2101), and Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum (674). An rpoB mutation associated with rifampin resistance was detected in 8 of 15 (53%) biofilms. Staphylococcus warneri formed greater biofilm on polyurethane than on any other material type (p < 0.01). The results of this investigation, wherein we comprehensively characterized the composition of AUS device biofilms, provide the framework for future identification and rational development of inhibitors and preventive strategies against device-associated infection.
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29
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Sahoo A, Swain SS, Panda SK, Hussain T, Panda M, Rodrigues CF. In Silico Identification of Potential Insect Peptides against Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus aureus. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200494. [PMID: 36198620 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (SA) strains are frequently found in medical environments, from surgical/ wound sites, medical devices. These biofilms reduce the efficacy of applied antibiotics during the treatment of several infections, such as cystic fibrosis, endocarditis, or urinary tract infections. Thus, the development of potential therapeutic agents to destroy the extra protective biofilm layers or to inhibit the biofilm-producing enzymes is urgently needed. Advanced and cost-effective bioinformatics tools are advantageous in locating and speeding up the selection of antibiofilm candidates. Based on the potential drug characteristics, we have selected one-hundred thirty-three antibacterial peptides derived from insects to assess for their antibiofilm potency via molecular docking against five putative biofilm formation and regulated target enzymes: the staphylococcal accessory regulator A or SarA (PDB ID: 2FRH), 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase or CrtM (PDB ID: 2ZCQ), clumping factor A or ClfA (PDB ID: 1N67) and serine-aspartate repeat protein C or SdrC (PDB ID: 6LXH) and sortase A or SrtA (PDB ID: 1T2W) of SA bacterium. In this study, molecular docking was performed using HPEPDOCK and HDOCK servers, and molecular interactions were examined using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer-2019. The docking score (kcal/mol) range of five promising antibiofilm peptides against five targets was recorded as follows: diptericin A (-215.52 to -303.31), defensin (-201.11 to -301.92), imcroporin (-212.08 to -287.64), mucroporin (-228.72 to -286.76), apidaecin II (-203.90 to -280.20). Among these five, imcroporin and mucroporin were 13 % each, while defensin contained only 1 % of positive net charged residues (Arg+Lys) projected through ProtParam and NetWheels tools. Similarly, imcroporin, mucroporin and apidaecin II were 50 %, while defensin carried 21.05 % of hydrophobic residues predicted by the tool PEPTIDE. 2.0. Most of the peptides exhibited potential characteristics to inhibit S. aureus-biofilm formation via disrupting the cell membrane and cytoplasmic integrity. In summary, the proposed hypothesis can be considered a cost-effective platform for selecting the most promising bioactive drug candidates within a limited timeframe with a greater chance of success in experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaka Sahoo
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751023 1, India
| | - Shasank S Swain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-, Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sujogya K Panda
- Center of Environment Climate Change and Public Health, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Tahziba Hussain
- Division of Microbiology and NCDs, ICMR-, Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Maitreyee Panda
- Department of Skin & VD, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751023 1, India
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário - CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal.,LEPABE-Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal.,AliCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Ciofu O, Moser C, Jensen PØ, Høiby N. Tolerance and resistance of microbial biofilms. Nat Rev Microbiol 2022; 20:621-635. [PMID: 35115704 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 147.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infections caused by microbial biofilms represent an important clinical challenge. The recalcitrance of microbial biofilms to antimicrobials and to the immune system is a major cause of persistence and clinical recurrence of these infections. In this Review, we present the extent of the clinical problem, and the mechanisms underlying the tolerance of biofilms to antibiotics and to host responses. We also explore the role of biofilms in the development of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Ciofu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Lu Y, Cai WJ, Ren Z, Han P. The Role of Staphylococcal Biofilm on the Surface of Implants in Orthopedic Infection. Microorganisms 2022; 10:1909. [PMID: 36296183 PMCID: PMC9612000 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advanced implant sterilization and aseptic surgical techniques, implant-associated infection remains a major challenge for orthopedic surgeries. The subject of bacterial biofilms is receiving increasing attention, probably as a result of the wide acknowledgement of the ubiquity of biofilms in the clinical environment, as well as the extreme difficulty in eradicating them. Biofilm can be defined as a structured microbial community of cells that are attached to a substratum and embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) that they have produced. Biofilm development has been proposed as occurring in a multi-step process: (i) attachment and adherence, (ii) accumulation/maturation due to cellular aggregation and EPS production, and (iii) biofilm detachment (also called dispersal) of bacterial cells. In all these stages, characteristic proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous compounds are expressed, and their expression is strictly controlled. Bacterial biofilm formation around implants shelters the bacteria and encourages the persistence of infection, which could lead to implant failure and osteomyelitis. These complications need to be treated by major revision surgeries and extended antibiotic therapies, which could lead to high treatment costs and even increase mortality. Effective preventive and therapeutic measures to reduce risks for implant-associated infections are thus in urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pei Han
- Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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32
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Tillander JAN, Rilby K, Svensson Malchau K, Skovbjerg S, Lindberg E, Rolfson O, Trobos M. Treatment of periprosthetic joint infections guided by minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) in addition to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): protocol for a prospective randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058168. [PMID: 36109038 PMCID: PMC9478849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are disastrous complications for patients and costly for healthcare organisations. They may promote bacterial resistance due to the extensive antibiotic use necessary in the PJI treatment. The PJI incidence is estimated to be 1%-3%, but the absolute numbers worldwide are high and increasing as large joint arthroplasties are performed by the millions each year. Current treatment algorithms, based on implant preserving surgery or full revision followed by a semitailored antibiotic regimen for no less than 2-3 months, lead to infection resolution in approximately 60% and 90%, respectively. Antibiotic choice is currently guided by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of free-living bacteria and not of bacteria in biofilm growth mode. Biofilm assays with relatively rapid output for the determination of minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) have previously been developed but their clinical usefulness have not been established. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This single-blinded, two-arm randomised study of hip or knee staphylococcal PJI will evaluate 6-week standard of care (MIC guided), or an alternative antibiotic regimen according to an MBEC-guided-based decision algorithm. Sixty-four patients with a first-time PJI treated according to the debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention principle will be enrolled at a single tertiary orthopaedic centre (Sahlgrenska University Hospital). Patients will receive 14 days of standard parenteral antibiotics before entering the comparative study arms. The primary outcome measurement is the proportion of changes in antimicrobial regimen from first-line treatment dependent on randomisation arm. Secondary endpoints are unresolved infection, how microbial properties including biofilm abilities and emerging antimicrobial resistance correlate to infection outcomes, patient reported outcomes and costs with a 12-month follow-up. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval is received from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, no 2020-01471 and the Swedish Medical Products Agency, EudraCT, no 2020-003444-80. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04488458.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan A N Tillander
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Rilby
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin Svensson Malchau
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Susann Skovbjerg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Erika Lindberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Ola Rolfson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Margarita Trobos
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Academy, Goteborg, Sweden
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33
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Durand BARN, Pouget C, Magnan C, Molle V, Lavigne JP, Dunyach-Remy C. Bacterial Interactions in the Context of Chronic Wound Biofilm: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081500. [PMID: 35893558 PMCID: PMC9332326 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds, defined by their resistance to care after four weeks, are a major concern, affecting millions of patients every year. They can be divided into three types of lesions: diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), pressure ulcers (PU), and venous/arterial ulcers. Once established, the classical treatment for chronic wounds includes tissue debridement at regular intervals to decrease biofilm mass constituted by microorganisms physiologically colonizing the wound. This particular niche hosts a dynamic bacterial population constituting the bed of interaction between the various microorganisms. The temporal reshuffle of biofilm relies on an organized architecture. Microbial community turnover is mainly associated with debridement (allowing transitioning from one major representant to another), but also with microbial competition and/or collaboration within wounds. This complex network of species and interactions has the potential, through diversity in antagonist and/or synergistic crosstalk, to accelerate, delay, or worsen wound healing. Understanding these interactions between microorganisms encountered in this clinical situation is essential to improve the management of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. R. N. Durand
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infections, UMR 1047, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (B.A.R.N.D.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Cassandra Pouget
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infections, UMR 1047, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (B.A.R.N.D.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Chloé Magnan
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infections, UMR 1047, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (B.A.R.N.D.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, UMR 5235, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infections, UMR 1047, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (B.A.R.N.D.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- Bacterial Virulence and Chronic Infections, UMR 1047, Université Montpellier, INSERM, Service de Microbiologie et Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU Nîmes, 30908 Nîmes, France; (B.A.R.N.D.); (C.P.); (C.M.); (J.-P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-466-683-202
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Ferreira EM, Romero LC, Cunha MDLRDSD, Malagó Junior W, Camargo CH, Barioni Júnior W, Zafalon LF. Persistence of Staphylococcus spp. in milk from cows undergoing homeopathy to control subclinical mastitis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:273. [PMID: 35831890 PMCID: PMC9277819 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mastitis is one of the major diseases in dairy cattle, as it causes great economic losses to producers due to the reduction of milk production and changes in the quality of the product. The disease is mainly caused by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp., these microorganisms can express various virulence factors, such as biofilms for example. In herds with organic management, producers and technicians use unconventional ways to treat and control the disease, such as homeopathy. However, it is not known if this type of treatment is able to control pathogenic bacteria such as those of the genus Staphylococcus, of relevance to animal and human health. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the production of biofilm in vitro and its genes by Staphylococcus spp. isolated in the milk of cows treated with homeopathy, as well as the persistence of microorganisms in animals. Methods Ninety-nine isolates of Staphylococcus spp. from cows treated and not treated with homeopathy were identified by internal transcribed space-polymerase chain reaction and investigated for the presence of the icaABCD, bap, aap, atlE, and bhp genes and in vitro biofilm production using the adhesion method on polystyrene plates. The enzyme restriction profile was determined by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis. Clusters of S. aureus and S. epidermidis with three or more isolates had an isolate selected for Multilocus Sequence Typing. Results The frequency of S. aureus isolations was similar in treated and untreated cows, while 71.4% of the coagulase-negative identified were isolated in cows treated with homeopathy. The distribution of the operon ica genes was similar in animals with and without treatment, except for the icaD gene, more frequent in treated cows. Production of biofilm was associated with presence of one or more genes from the icaADBC operon. S. aureus revealed a greater diversity and greater dissemination in cows treated and not treated with homeopathy. Sequence Types ST1, ST5, and ST126 were identified in S. aureus. Conclusions The presence of biofilm-associated genes and the in vitro production of biofilms, combined with the persistence of clonal profiles of Staphylococcus spp. demonstrate other forms of control for bovine mastitis should be researched for organic production herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elka Machado Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - FCAV, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Castilho Romero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Paulista State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - IB, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vahdati SN, Behboudi H, Navasatli SA, Tavakoli S, Safavi M. New insights into the inhibitory roles and mechanisms of D-amino acids in bacterial biofilms in medicine, industry, and agriculture. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127107. [PMID: 35843196 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are complex aggregates of microbes that are tightly protected by an extracellular matrix (ECM) and may attach to a surface or adhere together. A higher persistence of bacteria on biofilms makes them resistant not only to harsh conditions but also to various antibiotics which led to the emergence of problems in different applications. Recently, it has been discovered that many bacteria produce and release various D-amino acids (D-AAs) to inhibit biofilm formation, which made a great deal of interest in research into the control of bacterial biofilms in diverse fields, such as human health, industrial settings, and medical devices. D-AAs have various mechanisms to inhibit bacterial biofilms such as: (i) interfering with protein synthesis (ii) Inhibition of extracellular polymeric materials (EPS) productions (protein, eDNA, and polysaccharide) (iii) Inhibition of quorum sensing (autoinducers), and (iv) interfere with peptidoglycan synthesis, these various modes of action, enables these small molecules to inhibit both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial biofilms. Since most biofilms are multi-species, D-AAs in combination with other antimicrobial agents are good choices to combat a variety of bacterial biofilms without displaying toxicity on human cells. This review article addressed the role of D-AAs in controlling several bacterial biofilms and described the possible or definite mechanisms involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Niazi Vahdati
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Behboudi
- Department of Biology, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Aliniaye Navasatli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Tavakoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maliheh Safavi
- Department of Biotechnology, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Genomics of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis from Periprosthetic Joint Infections and Correlation to Clinical Outcome. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0218121. [PMID: 35762769 PMCID: PMC9430453 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02181-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The approach of sequencing or genotyping to characterize the pathogenic potential of staphylococci from orthopedic device-related infection (ODRI) has been applied in recent studies. These studies described the genomic carriage of virulence in clinical strains and compared it with those in commensal strains. Only a few studies have directly correlated genomic profiles to patient outcome and phenotypic virulence properties in periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). We investigated the association between genomic variations and virulence-associated phenotypes (biofilm-forming ability and antimicrobial resistance) in 111 staphylococcal strains isolated from patients with PJI and the infection outcome (resolved/unresolved). The presence of a strong biofilm phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus and an antibiotic-resistant phenotype in Staphylococcus epidermidis were both associated with treatment failure of PJI. In S. epidermidis, multidrug resistance (MDR) and resistance to rifampicin were associated with unresolved infection. Sequence type 45 (ST45) and ST2 were particularly enriched in S. aureus and S. epidermidis, respectively. S. epidermidis ST2 caused the majority of relapses and was associated with MDR and strong biofilm production, whereas ST215 correlated with MDR and non/weak biofilm production. S. aureusagr II correlated with resolved infection, while S. epidermidisagr I was associated with strong biofilm production and agr III with non/weak production. Collectively, our results highlight the importance of careful genomic and phenotypic characterization to anticipate the probability of the strain causing treatment failure in PJI. Due to the high rate of resistant S. epidermidis strains identified, this study provides evidence that the current recommended treatment of rifampicin and a fluoroquinolone should not be administered without knowledge of the resistance pattern. IMPORTANCE This study addresses the presence and frequency of particular genetic variants and virulence factors found in staphylococcal bacteria causing periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip and knee to ascertain their clinical relevance as predictors of treatment failure. We characterized the genetic virulence traits of a large collection of clinical staphylococci isolated from patients with PJI and evaluated their association with the patient’s infection outcome. The results showed that S. aureus strains that produced strong biofilms and S. epidermidis strains with resistance to several antibiotics associated significantly with unresolved infection. Some particular genetic variants associated with biofilm formation and multidrug resistance. These traits should be considered important risk factors for the diagnosis and treatment guidance in PJI.
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Cao H, Qiao S, Qin H, Jandt KD. Antibacterial Designs for Implantable Medical Devices: Evolutions and Challenges. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13030086. [PMID: 35893454 PMCID: PMC9326756 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The uses of implantable medical devices are safer and more common since sterilization methods and techniques were established a century ago; however, device-associated infections (DAIs) are still frequent and becoming a leading complication as the number of medical device implantations keeps increasing. This urges the world to develop instructive prevention and treatment strategies for DAIs, boosting the studies on the design of antibacterial surfaces. Every year, studies associated with DAIs yield thousands of publications, which here are categorized into four groups, i.e., antibacterial surfaces with long-term efficacy, cell-selective capability, tailored responsiveness, and immune-instructive actions. These innovations are promising in advancing the solution to DAIs; whereas most of these are normally quite preliminary “proof of concept” studies lacking exact clinical scopes. To help identify the flaws of our current antibacterial designs, clinical features of DAIs are highlighted. These include unpredictable onset, site-specific incidence, and possibly involving multiple and resistant pathogenic strains. The key point we delivered is antibacterial designs should meet the specific requirements of the primary functions defined by the “intended use” of an implantable medical device. This review intends to help comprehend the complex relationship between the device, pathogens, and the host, and figure out future directions for improving the quality of antibacterial designs and promoting clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Cao
- Interfacial Electrochemistry and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Lab of Low-Dimensional Materials Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
| | - Shichong Qiao
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
| | - Klaus D. Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena School for Microbial Communication (JSMC), Neugasse 23, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (S.Q.); (H.Q.); (K.D.J.)
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Natural transformation allows transfer of SCCmec-mediated methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2477. [PMID: 35513365 PMCID: PMC9072672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
SCCmec is a large mobile genetic element that includes the mecA gene and confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). There is evidence that SCCmec disseminates among staphylococci, but the transfer mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that two-component systems mediate the upregulation of natural competence genes in S. aureus under biofilm growth conditions, and this enhances the efficiency of natural transformation. We observe SCCmec transfer via natural transformation from MRSA, and from methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, to methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. The process requires the SCCmec recombinase genes ccrAB, and the stability of the transferred SCCmec varies depending on SCCmec types and recipients. Our results suggest that natural transformation plays a role in the transfer of SCCmec and possibly other mobile genetic elements in S. aureus biofilms. SCCmec is a large mobile genetic element that confers resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Here, the authors show that biofilm growth conditions enhance the efficiency of natural transformation in S. aureus and allow the transfer of SCCmec to methicillin-sensitive strains.
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Billings C, Anderson DE. Role of Animal Models to Advance Research of Bacterial Osteomyelitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:879630. [PMID: 35558882 PMCID: PMC9087578 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.879630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disease typically caused by infectious microorganisms, often bacteria, which causes progressive bone destruction and loss. The most common bacteria associated with chronic osteomyelitis is Staphylococcus aureus. The incidence of osteomyelitis in the United States is estimated to be upwards of 50,000 cases annually and places a significant burden upon the healthcare system. There are three general categories of osteomyelitis: hematogenous; secondary to spread from a contiguous focus of infection, often from trauma or implanted medical devices and materials; and secondary to vascular disease, often a result of diabetic foot ulcers. Independent of the route of infection, osteomyelitis is often challenging to diagnose and treat, and the effect on the patient's quality of life is significant. Therapy for osteomyelitis varies based on category and clinical variables in each case. Therapeutic strategies are typically reliant upon protracted antimicrobial therapy and surgical interventions. Therapy is most successful when intensive and initiated early, although infection may recur months to years later. Also, treatment is accompanied by risks such as systemic toxicity, selection for antimicrobial drug resistance from prolonged antimicrobial use, and loss of form or function of the affected area due to radical surgical debridement or implant removal. The challenges of diagnosis and successful treatment, as well as the negative impacts on patient's quality of life, exemplify the need for improved strategies to combat bacterial osteomyelitis. There are many in vitro and in vivo investigations aimed toward better understanding of the pathophysiology of bacterial osteomyelitis, as well as improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Here, we review the role of animal models utilized for the study of bacterial osteomyelitis and their critically important role in understanding and improving the management of bacterial osteomyelitis.
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Xin W, Gao Y, Yue B. Recent Advances in Multifunctional Hydrogels for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:865250. [PMID: 35547176 PMCID: PMC9081433 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis (OM), a devastating disease caused by microbial infection of bones, remains a major challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Conventional approaches for prevention and treatment of OM are unsatisfactory. Various alternative strategies have been proposed, among which, hydrogel-based strategies have demonstrated potential due to their unique properties, including loadable, implantable, injectable, printable, degradable, and responsive to stimuli. Several protocols, including different hydrogel designs, selection of antimicrobial agent, co-administration of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP 2), and nanoparticles, have been shown to improve the biological properties, including antimicrobial effects, osteo-induction, and controlled drug delivery. In this review, we describe the current and future directions for designing hydrogels and their applications to improve the biological response to OM in vivo.
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Antibiotic Resistance in the Drinking Water: Old and New Strategies to Remove Antibiotics, Resistant Bacteria, and Resistance Genes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040393. [PMID: 35455389 PMCID: PMC9029892 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance is a naturally occurring process. However, bacterial antibiotic resistance has emerged as a major public health problem in recent years. The accumulation of antibiotics in the environment, including in wastewaters and drinking water, has contributed to the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Such can be justified by the growing consumption of antibiotics and their inadequate elimination. The conventional water treatments are ineffective in promoting the complete elimination of antibiotics and bacteria, mainly in removing ARGs. Therefore, ARGs can be horizontally transferred to other microorganisms within the aquatic environment, thus promoting the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In this review, we discuss the efficiency of conventional water treatment processes in removing agents that can spread/stimulate the development of antibiotic resistance and the promising strategies for water remediation, mainly those based on nanotechnology and microalgae. Despite the potential of some of these approaches, the elimination of ARGs remains a challenge that requires further research. Moreover, the development of new processes must avoid the release of new contaminants for the environment, such as the chemicals resulting from nanomaterials synthesis, and consider the utilization of green and eco-friendly alternatives such as biogenic nanomaterials and microalgae-based technologies.
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Biofilm through the Looking Glass: A Microbial Food Safety Perspective. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030346. [PMID: 35335670 PMCID: PMC8954374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-processing facilities harbor a wide diversity of microorganisms that persist and interact in multispecies biofilms, which could provide an ecological niche for pathogens to better colonize and gain tolerance against sanitization. Biofilm formation by foodborne pathogens is a serious threat to food safety and public health. Biofilms are formed in an environment through synergistic interactions within the microbial community through mutual adaptive response to their long-term coexistence. Mixed-species biofilms are more tolerant to sanitizers than single-species biofilms or their planktonic equivalents. Hence, there is a need to explore how multispecies biofilms help in protecting the foodborne pathogen from common sanitizers and disseminate biofilm cells from hotspots and contaminate food products. This knowledge will help in designing microbial interventions to mitigate foodborne pathogens in the processing environment. As the global need for safe, high-quality, and nutritious food increases, it is vital to study foodborne pathogen behavior and engineer new interventions that safeguard food from contamination with pathogens. This review focuses on the potential food safety issues associated with biofilms in the food-processing environment.
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Alves-Barroco C, Rivas-García L, Fernandes AR, Baptista PV. Light Triggered Enhancement of Antibiotic Efficacy in Biofilm Elimination Mediated by Gold-Silver Alloy Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:841124. [PMID: 35295305 PMCID: PMC8919054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.841124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilm is a tri-dimensional complex community of cells at different metabolic stages involved in a matrix of self-produced extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilm formation is part of a defense mechanism that allows the bacteria to survive in hostile environments, such as increasing resistance or tolerance to antimicrobial agents, causing persistent infections hard to treat and impair disease eradication. One such example is bovine mastitis associated with Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD), whose worldwide health and economic impact is on the surge. As such, non-conventional nanobased approaches have been proposed as an alternative to tackle biofilm formation and to which pathogenic bacteria fail to adapt. Among these, metallic nanoparticles have gained significant attention, particularly gold and silver nanoparticles, due to their ease of synthesis and impact against microorganism growth. This study provides a proof-of-concept investigation into the use of gold-silver alloy nanoparticles (AuAgNPs) toward eradication of bacterial biofilms. Upon visible light irradiation of AuAgNPs there was considerable disturbance of the biofilms' matrix. The hindering of structural integrity of the biofilm matrix resulted in an increased permeability for entry of antibiotics, which then cause the eradication of biofilm and inhibit subsequent biofilm formation. Additionally, our results that AuAgNPs inhibited the formation of SDSD biofilms via distinct stress pathways that lead to the downregulation of two genes critical for biofilm production, namely, brpA-like encoding biofilm regulatory protein and fbpA fibronectin-binding protein A. This study provides useful information to assist the development of nanoparticle-based strategies for the active treatment of biofilm-related infections triggered by photoirradiation in the visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Alves-Barroco
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Dept. Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Rivas-García
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Dept. Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Dept. Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Viana Baptista
- Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Dept. Ciências da Vida, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Costa da Caparica, Portugal
- i4HB, Associate Laboratory–Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Plate-associated localized osteitis in mini-pig by biofilm-forming Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): establishment of a novel experimental model. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:3279-3285. [PMID: 35201371 PMCID: PMC9360133 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-01894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The increasing number of implant-associated infections during trauma and orthopedic surgery caused by biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus in combination with an increasing resistance of conventional antibiotics requires new therapeutic strategies. One possibility could be testing for different therapeutic strategies with differently coated plates. Therefore, a clinically realistic model is required. The pig offers the best comparability to the human situation, thus it was chosen for this model. The present study characterizes a novel model of a standardized low-grade acute osteitis with bone defect in the femur in mini-pigs, which is stabilized by a titanium locking plate to enable further studies with various coatings. METHODS A bone defect was performed on the femur of 7 Aachen mini-pigs and infected with Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA ATCC 33592). The defect zone was stabilized with a titanium plate. After 14 days, a plate change, wound debridement and lavage were performed. Finally, after 42 days, the animals were lavaged and debrided again, followed by euthanasia. The fracture healing was evaluated radiologically and histologically. RESULTS A local osteitis with radiologically visible lysis of the bone could be established. The unchanged high Colony-forming Units (CFU) in lavage, the significant differences in Interleukin (IL)-6 in blood compared to lavage and the lack of increase in Alkaline Phosphates (ALP) in serum over the entire observation period show the constant local infection. CONCLUSION The study shows the successful induction of local osteitis with lysis of the bone and the lack of enzymatic activity to mineralize the bone. Therefore, this standardized mini-pig model can be used in further clinical studies, to investigate various coated implants, bone healing, biofilm formation and immune response in implant-associated osteitis.
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Salisbury AM, Mullin M, Foulkes L, Chen R, Percival SL. Controlled-release iodine foam dressings demonstrate broad-spectrum biofilm management in several in vitro models. Int Wound J 2022; 19:1717-1728. [PMID: 35166016 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple in vitro models were utilised to evaluate the biofilm management capabilities of seven commercially-available wound dressings, varying in composition and antibacterial ingredients, to reduce common aerobic, anaerobic, and multispecies biofilms. The Center for Disease Control bioreactor was used to evaluate single species Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 24 and 48 hours biofilms, as well as a multispecies biofilm consisting of these two organisms in addition to Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). As wound biofilms often exist in hypoxic wound environments, a direct contact anaerobic model system was used to evaluate efficacy on Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis). Biofilm control was evaluated against P. aeruginosa in the drip flow bioreactor model, where a constant flow of proteinaceous media is used to create a more challenging and wound-like model. The results demonstrated that biofilm management capabilities varied amongst wound dressings. Two dressings, a controlled-release iodine foam dressing and a silver nanocrystalline dressing, showed potent >4 log reductions in recovered organisms compared with untreated controls in all biofilm models evaluated. The effectiveness of other dressings to manage bioburden varied between dressing, test organism, and model system. A silver foam dressing showed moderate biofilm control in some models. However, biofilm exposure to methylene blue and gentian violet-containing foam dressings showed negligible log reductions in all in vitro biofilm methods examined. The data outlined in this in vitro study support the use of the iodine foam dressing for wounds with infection and biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Salisbury
- Centre of Excellence for Biofilm Science (CEBS), 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Liverpool, UK
| | - Marc Mullin
- Centre of Excellence for Biofilm Science (CEBS), 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren Foulkes
- Centre of Excellence for Biofilm Science (CEBS), 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Liverpool, UK
| | - Rui Chen
- Centre of Excellence for Biofilm Science (CEBS), 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven L Percival
- Centre of Excellence for Biofilm Science (CEBS), 5D Health Protection Group Ltd., Liverpool, UK
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Role of Implantable Drug Delivery Devices with Dual Platform Capabilities in the Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Osteomyelitis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020065. [PMID: 35200418 PMCID: PMC8869141 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As medicine advances and physicians are able to provide patients with innovative solutions, including placement of temporary or permanent medical devices that drastically improve quality of life of the patient, there is the persistent, recurring problem of chronic bacterial infection, including osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis can manifest as a result of traumatic or contaminated wounds or implant-associated infections. This bacterial infection can persist as a result of inadequate treatment regimens or the presence of biofilm on implanted medical devices. One strategy to mitigate these concerns is the use of implantable medical devices that simultaneously act as local drug delivery devices (DDDs). This classification of device has the potential to prevent or aid in clearing chronic bacterial infection by delivering effective doses of antibiotics to the area of interest and can be engineered to simultaneously aid in tissue regeneration. This review will provide a background on bacterial infection and current therapies as well as current and prospective implantable DDDs, with a particular emphasis on local DDDs to combat bacterial osteomyelitis.
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Singh A, Amod A, Pandey P, Bose P, Pingali MS, Shivalkar S, Varadwaj P, Sahoo A, Samanta S. Bacterial biofilm infections, their resistance to antibiotics therapy and current treatment strategies. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35105823 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac50f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 80% of human chronic infections are caused due to bacterial biofilm formation. This is the most leading cause for failure of medical implants resulting in high morbidity and mortality. In addition, biofilms are also known to cause serious problems in food industry. Biofilm impart enhanced antibiotic resistance and become recalcitrant to host immune responses leading to persistent and recurrent infections. It makes the clinical treatment for biofilm infections very difficult. Reduced penetration of antibiotic molecules through EPS, mutation of the target site, accumulation of antibiotic degrading enzymes, enhanced expression of efflux pump genes are the probable causes for antibiotics resistance. Accordingly, strategies like administration of topical antibiotics and combined therapy of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides are considered for alternate options to overcome the antibiotics resistance. A number of other remediation strategies for both biofilm inhibition and dispersion of established biofilm have been developed. The metallic nanoparticles and their oxides have recently gained a tremendous thrust as antibiofilm therapy for their unique features. This present comprehensive review gives the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms of biofilm and provides an overview of various currently available biofilm remediation strategies, focusing primarily on the applications of metallic nanoparticles and their oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Singh
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Ayush Amod
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | | | - Pranay Bose
- KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, 751024, INDIA
| | - M Shivapriya Pingali
- Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Saurabh Shivalkar
- Applied Sciences, IIIT Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, 211012, INDIA
| | - Pritish Varadwaj
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Amaresh Sahoo
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, UP, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
| | - Sintu Samanta
- Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, India, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211012, INDIA
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48
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Tong Q, Li T, Jiang L, Wang Z, Qian Y. Nanoparticle, a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of infective endocarditis. Anatol J Cardiol 2022; 26:90-99. [PMID: 35190356 PMCID: PMC8878918 DOI: 10.5152/anatoljcardiol.2021.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) has been recognized as a biofilm-related disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi that invade and damage the heart valves and endocardium. There are many difficulties and challenges in the antimicrobial treatment of IE, including multi-drug resistant pathogens, large dose of drug administration with following side effects, and poor prognosis. For the past few years, the development of nanotechnology has promoted the use of nanoparticles as antimicrobial nano-pharmaceuticals or novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) in antimicrobial therapy for chronic infections and biofilm-related infectious disease as these molecules exhibit several advantages. Therefore, nanoparticles have a potential role to play in solving problems in the treatment of IE, including improving antimicrobial activity, increasing drug bioavailability, minimizing frequency of drug administration, and preventing side effects. In this article, we review the latest advances in nanoparticles against drug-resistant bacteria in biofilm and recommends nanoparticles as an alternative strategy to the antibiotic treatment of IE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu-China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu-China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's University of Electronic Science and Technology of China; Chengdu-China
| | - Zhengjie Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu-China
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu-China
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49
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Iskandar K, Murugaiyan J, Hammoudi Halat D, Hage SE, Chibabhai V, Adukkadukkam S, Roques C, Molinier L, Salameh P, Van Dongen M. Antibiotic Discovery and Resistance: The Chase and the Race. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020182. [PMID: 35203785 PMCID: PMC8868473 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evolution and the diversity of the environmental resistome indicate that AMR is an ancient natural phenomenon. Acquired resistance is a public health concern influenced by the anthropogenic use of antibiotics, leading to the selection of resistant genes. Data show that AMR is spreading globally at different rates, outpacing all efforts to mitigate this crisis. The search for new antibiotic classes is one of the key strategies in the fight against AMR. Since the 1980s, newly marketed antibiotics were either modifications or improvements of known molecules. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the current pipeline as bleak, and warns about the scarcity of new leads. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the pre-clinical and clinical pipeline indicates that few antibiotics may reach the market in a few years, predominantly not those that fit the innovative requirements to tackle the challenging spread of AMR. Diversity and innovation are the mainstays to cope with the rapid evolution of AMR. The discovery and development of antibiotics must address resistance to old and novel antibiotics. Here, we review the history and challenges of antibiotics discovery and describe different innovative new leads mechanisms expected to replenish the pipeline, while maintaining a promising possibility to shift the chase and the race between the spread of AMR, preserving antibiotic effectiveness, and meeting innovative leads requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Iskandar
- Department of Mathématiques Informatique et Télécommunications, Université Toulouse III, Paul Sabatier, INSERM, UMR 1295, 31000 Toulouse, France
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University–AP, Amaravati 522502, India; (J.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Dalal Hammoudi Halat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa Campus, Beirut 1103, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (K.I.); (D.H.H.)
| | - Said El Hage
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
| | - Vindana Chibabhai
- Division of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
- Microbiology Laboratory, National Health Laboratory Service, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Saranya Adukkadukkam
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRM University–AP, Amaravati 522502, India; (J.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Department of Bioprocédés et Systèmes Microbiens, Université Paul Sabtier, Toulouse III, UMR 5503, 31330 Toulouse, France;
| | - Laurent Molinier
- Department of Medical Information, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, INSERM, UMR 1295, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, d’Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
- Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573, Lebanon;
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia 2408, Cyprus
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50
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Conwell M, Dooley J, Naughton PJ. Enterococcal biofilm - a nidus for antibiotic resistance transfer? J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3444-3460. [PMID: 34990042 PMCID: PMC9306868 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci, important agents of hospital acquired infection, are listed on the WHO list of multi-drug resistant pathogens commonly encountered in hospital acquired infections are now of increasing importance, due to the development of strains resistant to multiple antibiotics. Enterococci are also important microorganisms in the environment and their presence is frequently used as an indicator of faecal pollution. Their success is related to their ability to survive within a broad range of habitats and the ease by which they acquire mobile genetic elements, including plasmids, from other bacteria. The enterococci are frequently present within a bacterial biofilm which provides stability and protection to the bacterial population along with an opportunity for a variety of bacterial interactions. Enterococci can accept extrachromosomal DNA both from within its own species and from other bacterial species and this is enhanced by the proximity of the donor and recipient strains. It is this exchange of genetic material that makes the role of biofilm such an important aspect of the success of enterococci. There remain many questions regarding the most suitable model systems to study enterococci in biofilm and regarding the transfer of genetic material including antibiotic resistance in these biofilms. This review focuses on some important aspects of biofilm in the context of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in enterococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Conwell
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA
| | - Jsg Dooley
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA
| | - P J Naughton
- The Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Cromore Road, Coleraine, Co. Londonderry, BT52 1SA
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