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Jandl B, Dighe S, Gasche C, Makristathis A, Muttenthaler M. Intestinal biofilms: pathophysiological relevance, host defense, and therapeutic opportunities. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0013323. [PMID: 38995034 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00133-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYThe human intestinal tract harbors a profound variety of microorganisms that live in symbiosis with the host and each other. It is a complex and highly dynamic environment whose homeostasis directly relates to human health. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and polymicrobial biofilms have been associated with gastrointestinal diseases, including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases, and colorectal cancers. This review covers the molecular composition and organization of intestinal biofilms, mechanistic aspects of biofilm signaling networks for bacterial communication and behavior, and synergistic effects in polymicrobial biofilms. It further describes the clinical relevance and diseases associated with gut biofilms, the role of biofilms in antimicrobial resistance, and the intestinal host defense system and therapeutic strategies counteracting biofilms. Taken together, this review summarizes the latest knowledge and research on intestinal biofilms and their role in gut disorders and provides directions toward the development of biofilm-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Jandl
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Satish Dighe
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Loha for Life, Center for Gastroenterology and Iron Deficiency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Athanasios Makristathis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Huang MB, Brena D, Wu JY, Shelton M, Bond VC. SMR peptide antagonizes Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0258323. [PMID: 38170991 PMCID: PMC10846015 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02583-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and international dissemination of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains challenge current antibiotic-based therapies, representing an urgent threat to public health worldwide. In the U.S. alone, S. aureus infections are responsible for 11,000 deaths and 500,000 hospitalizations annually. Biofilm formation is a major contributor to antibiotic tolerance and resistance-induced delays in empirical therapy with increased infection severity, frequency, treatment failure, and mortality. Developing novel treatment strategies to prevent and disrupt biofilm formation is imperative. In this article, we test the Secretion Modification Region (SMR) peptides for inhibitory effects on resistant S. aureus biofilm-forming capacity by targeting the molecular chaperone DnaK. The dose effect of SMR peptides on biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter plate methods and confocal microscopy. Interaction between the antagonist and DnaK was determined by immune precipitation with anti-Flag M2 Affinity and Western blot analysis. Increasing SMR peptide concentrations exhibited increasing blockade of S. aureus biofilm formation with significant inhibition found at 18 µM, 36 µM, and 72 µM. This work supports the potential therapeutic benefit of SMR peptides in reducing biofilm viability and could improve the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.IMPORTANCEThe development of anti-biofilm agents is critical to restoring bacterial sensitivity, directly combating the evolution of resistance, and overall reducing the clinical burden related to pervasive biofilm-mediated infections. Thus, in this study, the SMR peptide, a novel small molecule derived from the HIV Nef protein, was preliminarily explored for anti-biofilm properties. The SMR peptide was shown to effectively target the molecular chaperone DnaK and inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. These results support further investigation into the mechanism of SMR peptide-mediated biofilm formation and inhibition to benefit rational drug design and the identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dara Brena
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Y. Wu
- Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin Shelton
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vincent C. Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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3
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Pavez VB, Pacheco N, Castro-Severyn J, Pardo-Esté C, Álvarez J, Zepeda P, Krüger G, Gallardo K, Melo F, Vernal R, Aranda C, Remonsellez F, Saavedra CP. Characterization of biofilm formation by Exiguobacterium strains in response to arsenic exposure. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0265723. [PMID: 37819075 PMCID: PMC10714750 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02657-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this work, we characterized the composition, structure, and functional potential for biofilm formation of Exiguobacterium strains isolated from the Salar de Huasco in Chile in the presence of arsenic, an abundant metalloid in the Salar that exists in different oxidation states. Our results showed that the Exiguobacterium strains tested exhibit a significant capacity to form biofilms when exposed to arsenic, which would contribute to their resistance to the metalloid. The results highlight the importance of biofilm formation and the presence of specific resistance mechanisms in the ability of microorganisms to survive and thrive under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina B. Pavez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Javiera Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Allergic Inflammation, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Phillippi Zepeda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Krüger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karem Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Francisco Melo
- Laboratorio de Física no Lineal, Departamento de Física, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolando Vernal
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Aranda
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Avanzada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Biodiversidad Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua en el Desierto (CEITSAZA), Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia P. Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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Sugimoto S, Kinjo Y. Instantaneous Clearing of Biofilm (iCBiofilm): an optical approach to revisit bacterial and fungal biofilm imaging. Commun Biol 2023; 6:38. [PMID: 36690667 PMCID: PMC9870912 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-biofilm imaging at single-cell resolution is necessary for system-level analysis of cellular heterogeneity, identification of key matrix component functions and response to immune cells and antimicrobials. To this end, we developed a whole-biofilm clearing and imaging method, termed instantaneous clearing of biofilm (iCBiofilm). iCBiofilm is a simple, rapid, and efficient method involving the immersion of biofilm samples in a refractive index-matching medium, enabling instant whole-biofilm imaging with confocal laser scanning microscopy. We also developed non-fixing iCBiofilm, enabling live and dynamic imaging of biofilm development and actions of antimicrobials. iCBiofilm is applicable for multicolor imaging of fluorescent proteins, immunostained matrix components, and fluorescence labeled cells in biofilms with a thickness of several hundred micrometers. iCBiofilm is scalable from bacterial to fungal biofilms and can be used to observe biofilm-neutrophil interactions. iCBiofilm therefore represents an important advance for examining the dynamics and functions of biofilms and revisiting bacterial and fungal biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kinjo
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
- Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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5
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Jabber Al-Saady MAA, Aldujaili NH, Rabeea Banoon S, Al-Abboodi A. Antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles in biofilms. BIONATURA 2022; 7:1-9. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.04.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a structure in the shape of a surface adherent composed of a microbe’s community and plays a crucial role in stimulating the infection. Due to the Biofilm’s complex structure compared with the individual microbe, it occasionally develops recalcitrant to the host immune system, which may lead to antibiotic resistance. The National Institutes of Health has reported that more than 80% of bacterial infections are caused by biofilm formation. Removing biofilm-mediated infections is an immense challenge that should involve various strategies that may induce sensitive and effective antibiofilm therapy. In the last decade, nanoparticle NPs application has been employed as one of the strategies that have grown great stimulus to target antibiofilm treatment due to their unique properties. Nanobiotechnology holds promise for the future because it has various antimicrobial properties in biofilms and promising new drug delivery methods that stand out from conventional antibiotics. Studying the interaction between the Biofilm and the nanoparticles can deliver additional insights regarding the mechanism of biofilm regulation. This review article will define synthetic nanoparticle NPs, their medical applications, and their potential use against a broad range of microbial biofilms in the coming years. The motivation of the current review is to focus on NPs materials’ properties and applications and their use as antimicrobial agents to fight resistant infections, which can locally terminate bacteria without being toxic to the surrounding tissue and share its role in improving human health in the future.
Keywords: Biofilms, antimicrobial, nanoparticles, bio-nanotechnology, drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abd Ali Jabber Al-Saady
- AL Sader Teaching Hospital, Maysan Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Maysan, Iraq, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nawfal H. Aldujaili
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq, Alameen Center for Advanced Research and Biotechnology, Imam Ali Holy Shrine, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | - Aswan Al-Abboodi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan, Iraq
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6
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Felix L, Mishra B, Khader R, Ganesan N, Mylonakis E. In Vitro and In Vivo Bactericidal and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Alpha Mangostin Against Staphylococcus aureus Persister Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:898794. [PMID: 35937701 PMCID: PMC9353584 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.898794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of persister cells is associated with recalcitrance and infections. In this study, we examined the antimicrobial property of alpha mangostin, a natural xanthone molecule, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) persisters and biofilm. The MIC of alpha mangostin against MRSA persisters was 2 µg/ml, and activity was mediated by causing membrane permeabilization within 30 min of exposure. The membrane activity of alpha mangostin was further studied by fast-killing kinetics of MRSA persiste r cells and found that the compound exhibited 99.99% bactericidal activity within 30 min. Furthermore, alpha mangostin disrupted established MRSA biofilms and inhibited bacterial attachment as biofilm formation. Alpha mangostin down-regulated genes associated with the formation of persister cells and biofilms, such as norA, norB, dnaK, groE, and mepR, ranging from 2 to 4-folds. Alpha mangostin at 16 μg/ml was non-toxic (> 95% cell survival) to liver-derived HepG2 and lung-derived A549 cells, similarly. Still, alpha mangostin exhibited 50% cell lysis of human RBC at 16 μg/ml. Interestingly, alpha mangostin was effective in vivo at increasing the survival up to 75% (p<0.0001) of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with MRSA persister for 120 h. In conclusion, we report that alpha mangostin is active against MRSA persisters and biofilms, and these data further our understanding of the antistaphylococcal activity and toxicity of this natural compound.
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7
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The immunomodulatory effects of antihypertensive therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113287. [PMID: 35728352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading preventable risk factor for stroke and coronary artery disease, significantly contributing to all-cause global mortality and predisposing patients to renal and heart failure, as well as peripheral vascular disease. Due to the widespread usage of antihypertensive drugs, global mean blood pressure has remained unchanged or even slightly decreased over the past four decades. However, considering the broad spectrum of mechanisms involved in the action of antihypertensive drugs and the prevalence of their target receptors on immune cells, possible immunomodulatory effects which may exert beneficial effects of lowering blood pressure but also potentially alter immune function should be considered. In this review, we attempt to assess the consequences to immune system function of administering the five most commonly prescribed groups of antihypertensive drugs and to explain the mechanisms behind those interactions. Finally, we show potential gaps in our understanding of the effects of antihypertensive drugs on patient health. With regard to the widespread use of these drugs in the adult population worldwide, the discussed results may be of vital importance to evidence-based decision-making in daily clinical practice.
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8
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Small molecules as next generation biofilm inhibitors and anti-infective agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biofilms are consortia of microbes attached to surfaces that could be biotic or abiotic in nature. The bacterial cells are enclosed within a microbial synthesized extrapolymeric substances (EPS). The presence of a thick EPS matrix around the cells, protects it from antimicrobials. As the biofilms are difficult to be eradicated in the tissues and implants, the infections due to biofilms are chronic, persistent as well as recurrent in nature. Biofilm formation in multidrug resistant pathogens is a major public health concern. In this review, we have discussed traditional drug discovery approaches and high throughput screening assays involved in the discovery of small molecules for their application as biofilm inhibitory agents. The small molecules target different phases of biofilm growth in pathogenic bacteria. Here, we have focused on three specific application of small molecules, as anti-adhesion agents that prevent adherence and attachment of cells to surfaces; signal inhibitors that disrupt communication between cells resulting in hampered biofilm growth and development; and finally as agents that induce release of cells from mature biofilms. Some of the biofilm inhibitors have also potentiated the antibiotic efficacy leading to complete eradication of biofilms. It is highly pertinent now to focus on developing these as therapeutics and anti-biofilm agents for coating medical implants and devices in clinical settings.
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9
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Guo J, Zhang Y, Cheng H, Li D, Wang Z, Chen C, Yu Z, Deng Q, Wen Z. Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus and biofilm formation by the anthelminthic drug, triclabendazole. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2022; 75:287-295. [DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Verma N, Srivastava S, Malik R, Goyal P, Pandey J. Inhibition and disintegration of Bacillus subtilis biofilm with small molecule inhibitors identified through virtual screening for targeting TasA (28-261), the major protein component of ECM. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2431-2447. [PMID: 35098894 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2033135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms have been recognized for a vital role in antibiotic resistance and chronic microbial infections for 2-3 decades; still, there are no 'anti-biofilm drugs' available for human applications. There is an urgent need to develop novel 'anti-biofilms' therapeutics to manage biofilm-associated infectious diseases. Several reports have suggested that targeting molecules involved in quorum sensing or biofilm-specific transcription may inhibit biofilm formation. However, the possibility of targeting other vital components of microbial biofilms, especially the extracellular matrix (ECM) components, has remained largely unexplored. Here we report targeting TasA(28-261), the major proteinaceous component of Bacillus subtilis ECM with two small molecule inhibitors (lovastatin and simvastatin) identified through virtual screening and drug repurposing, resulted in complete inhibition of biofilm. In molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies, lovastatin was observed to make stable interactions with TasA(28-261), whereas the simvastatin - TasA(28-261) interactions were relatively less stable. However, in subsequent in vitro studies, both lovastatin and simvastatin successfully inhibited B. subtilis biofilm formation at MIC values of < 10 µg/ml. Besides, these potential inhibitors also caused the disintegration of pre-formed biofilms. Results presented here provide 'proof of concept' for the hypothesis that targeting the extracellular matrix's vital component(s) could be one of the most efficient approaches for inhibiting microbial biofilms and disintegrating the pre-formed biofilms. We propose that a similar approach targeting ECM-associated proteins with FDA-approved drugs could be implemented to develop novel anti-biofilm therapeutic strategies against biofilm-forming chronic microbial pathogens.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shubham Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Central University fo Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ruchi Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Central University fo Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pankaj Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Janmejay Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
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Qi P, Sun D, Wu T, Li Y. Stress proteins, nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and polyketide synthases regulate carbon sources-mediated bio-demulsifying mechanisms of nitrate-reducing bacterium Gordonia sp. TD-4. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 422:126900. [PMID: 34418829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon sources have been reported to determine the bio-demulsifying performance and mechanisms. However, the genetic regulation of carbon sources-mediated bio-demulsification remains unclear. Here, the effects of β-oxidation, stress response, and nitrate metabolism on the demulsification of alkaline-surfactant-polymer flooding produced water by Gordonia sp. TD-4 were investigated. The results showed that competitive adsorption-derived demulsification was mediated by oil-soluble carbon sources (paraffin). Surface-active lipopeptides responsible for competitive adsorption-derived demulsification could be biosynthesized by the nonribosomal peptide synthetases and polyketide synthases using oil-soluble carbon sources. Bio-flocculation-derived demulsification was mediated by water-soluble carbon sources. Water-soluble carbon sources (sodium acetate and glucose) mediated the process of the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonia, which resulted in the variable accumulation of nitrite. The accumulated nitrite (>180 mg-N/L) stimulated stress response and induced the upregulation of chaperone-associated genes. The upregulation of chaperonins increased the cell surface hydrophobicity and the cation-dependent bio-flocculating performance, which were responsible for bio-flocculation-derived demulsification. The β-oxidation of fatty acids significantly affected both competitive adsorption-derived demulsification and bio-flocculation-derived demulsification. This study illustrates the synergistic effects of nitrogen sources and carbon sources on the regulation of bio-demulsifying mechanisms of TD-4 and identifies two key functional gene modules responsible for the regulation of bio-demulsifying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panqing Qi
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Science of Education Ministry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, PR China.
| | - Yujiang Li
- Shandong Provincial Research Center for Water Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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12
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Potteth US, Upadhyay T, Saini S, Saraogi I. Novel Antibacterial Targets in Protein Biogenesis Pathways. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100459. [PMID: 34643994 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as a global threat due to the ability of bacteria to quickly evolve in response to the selection pressure induced by anti-infective drugs. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new antibiotics against resistant bacteria. In this review, we discuss pathways involving bacterial protein biogenesis as attractive antibacterial targets since many of them are essential for bacterial survival and virulence. We discuss the structural understanding of various components associated with bacterial protein biogenesis, which in turn can be utilized for rational antibiotic design. We highlight efforts made towards developing inhibitors of these pathways with insights into future possibilities and challenges. We also briefly discuss other potential targets related to protein biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana S Potteth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Tulsi Upadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Snehlata Saini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishu Saraogi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhopal - 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Luo F, Zeng D, Chen R, Zafar A, Weng L, Wang W, Tian Y, Hasan M, Shu X. PEGylated dihydromyricetin-loaded nanoliposomes coated with tea saponin inhibit bacterial oxidative respiration and energy metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:9007-9017. [PMID: 34382988 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01943k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The biofilms produced by the aggregation of bacterial colonies are among the major obstacles of host immune system monitoring and antimicrobial treatment. Herein, we report PEGylated dihydromyricetin-loaded liposomes coated with tea saponin grafted on chitosan (TS/CTS@DMY-lips) as an efficient cationic antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which is supported by their deep penetration into bacterial biofilms and broad pH-stable release performance of dihydromyricetin (DMY). The successful construction of the drug delivery system relied on tea saponin grafted on chitosan (TS/CTS) via formatted ester bonds or amido bonds as a polyelectrolyte layer of PEGylated dihydromyricetin-loaded liposomes (DMY lips), which achieved controlled release of DMY in weak acidic and neutral physiological environments. The micromorphology of TS/CTS@DMY-lips was observed to resemble dendritic cells with an average size of 266.49 nm, and they had excellent encapsulation efficiency (41.93%), water-solubility and stability in aqueous solution. Besides, TS/CTS@DMY-lips displayed effective destruction of bacterial energy metabolism and cytoplasmic membranes, resulting in the deformation of the cell wall and leaking of cytoplasmic constituents. Compared to free DMY, DMY lips and chitosan-coated dihydromyricetin liposomes (CTS@DMY-lips), TS/CTS@DMY-lips has more thorough killing activity against E. coli and S. aureus, which is related to its excellent sustained release performance of DMY under the protection of the TS/CTS coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China.
| | - Dandan Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China.
| | - Renxiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China.
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China and Department of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ling Weng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China.
| | - Wenxiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yubo Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China. and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China. and Department of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Xugang Shu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, P.R. China. and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, Guangzhou 510225, China
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14
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Donadio G, Mensitieri F, Santoro V, Parisi V, Bellone ML, De Tommasi N, Izzo V, Dal Piaz F. Interactions with Microbial Proteins Driving the Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:660. [PMID: 34062983 PMCID: PMC8147964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are among the most abundant natural bioactive compounds produced by plants. Many different activities have been reported for these secondary metabolites against numerous cells and systems. One of the most interesting is certainly the antimicrobial, which is stimulated through various molecular mechanisms. In fact, flavonoids are effective both in directly damaging the envelope of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria but also by acting toward specific molecular targets essential for the survival of these microorganisms. The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of the most interesting results obtained in the research focused on the study of the interactions between flavonoids and bacterial proteins. Despite the great structural heterogeneity of these plant metabolites, it is interesting to observe that many flavonoids affect the same cellular pathways. Furthermore, it is evident that some of these compounds interact with more than one target, producing multiple effects. Taken together, the reported data demonstrate the great potential of flavonoids in developing innovative systems, which can help address the increasingly serious problem of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Francesca Mensitieri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84082 Baronissi, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.)
| | - Valentina Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.D.); (V.S.); (V.P.); (M.L.B.); (N.D.T.)
| | - Viviana Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84082 Baronissi, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.)
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84082 Baronissi, Italy; (F.M.); (V.I.)
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15
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Hu P, Lv B, Yang K, Lu Z, Ma J. Discovery of myricetin as an inhibitor against Streptococcus mutans and an anti-adhesion approach to biofilm formation. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151512. [PMID: 33971542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) are cariogenic microorganisms. Sortase A (SrtA) is a transpeptidase that attaches Pac to the cell surface. The biofilm formation of S. mutans is promoted by SrtA regulated Pac. Myricetin (Myr) has a variety of pharmacological properties, including inhibiting SrtA activity of Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this research was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Myr on SrtA of S. mutans and its subsequent influence on the biofilm formation. Here, Myr was discovered as a potent inhibitor of S. mutans SrtA, with an IC50 of 48.66 ± 1.48 μM, which was lower than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 512 ug/mL. Additionally, immunoblot and biofilm assays demonstrated that Myr at a sub-MIC level could reduce adhesion and biofilm formation of S. mutans. The reduction of biofilm was possibly caused by the decreased amount of Pac on the cells' surface by releasing Pac into the medium via inhibiting SrtA activity. Molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis assays suggested that Met123, Ile191, and Arg213 of SrtA were pivotal for the interaction of SrtA and Myr. Our findings indicate that Myr is a promising candidate for the control of dental caries by modulating Pac-involved adhesive mechanisms without developing drug resistance to S.mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Lv
- Pediatric Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Xiangyang Stomatological Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, No. 6, Jianhua Road, Xiangyang, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Kongxi Yang
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimin Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingzhi Ma
- Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Belisario JC, Lee HH, Luknauth H, Rigel NW, Martinez LR. Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Deficient in the Clp Chaperone-Protease Genes Have Reduced Virulence in a Murine Model of Pneumonia. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020204. [PMID: 33668542 PMCID: PMC7917692 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen and causative agent of nosocomial pneumonia especially in immunocompromised individuals in intensive care units. Recent advances to understand the contribution and function of A. baumannii virulence factors in its pathogenesis have begun to elucidate how this bacterium interacts with immune cells and its interesting mechanisms for multi-antibiotic resistance. Taking advantage of the availability of the A. baumannii AB5075 transposon mutant library, we investigated the impact of the A. baumannii Clp genes, which encode for a chaperone-protease responsible for the degradation of misfolded proteins, on bacterial virulence in a model of pneumonia using C57BL/6 mice and survival within J774.16 macrophage-like cells. Clp-protease A. baumannii mutants exhibit decreased virulence in rodents, high phagocytic cell-mediated killing and reduced biofilm formation. Capsular staining showed evidence of encapsulation in A. baumannii AB5075 and Clp-mutant strains. Surprisingly, clpA and clpS mutants displayed irregular cell morphology, which may be important in the biofilm structural deficiencies observed in these strains. Interestingly, clpA showed apical-like growth, proliferation normally observed in filamentous fungi. These findings provide new information regarding A. baumannii pathogenesis and may be important for the development of therapies intended at reducing morbidity and mortality associated with this remarkable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Christian Belisario
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
| | - Hiu Ham Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
| | - Harshani Luknauth
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; (H.L.); (N.W.R.)
| | - Nathan W. Rigel
- Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA; (H.L.); (N.W.R.)
| | - Luis R. Martinez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA;
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Dawson LF, Peltier J, Hall CL, Harrison MA, Derakhshan M, Shaw HA, Fairweather NF, Wren BW. Extracellular DNA, cell surface proteins and c-di-GMP promote biofilm formation in Clostridioides difficile. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3244. [PMID: 33547340 PMCID: PMC7865049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78437-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is the leading cause of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhoea worldwide, yet there is little insight into intestinal tract colonisation and relapse. In many bacterial species, the secondary messenger cyclic-di-GMP mediates switching between planktonic phase, sessile growth and biofilm formation. We demonstrate that c-di-GMP promotes early biofilm formation in C. difficile and that four cell surface proteins contribute to biofilm formation, including two c-di-GMP regulated; CD2831 and CD3246, and two c-di-GMP-independent; CD3392 and CD0183. We demonstrate that C. difficile biofilms are composed of extracellular DNA (eDNA), cell surface and intracellular proteins, which form a protective matrix around C. difficile vegetative cells and spores, as shown by a protective effect against the antibiotic vancomycin. We demonstrate a positive correlation between biofilm biomass, sporulation frequency and eDNA abundance in all five C. difficile lineages. Strains 630 (RT012), CD305 (RT023) and M120 (RT078) contain significantly more eDNA in their biofilm matrix than strains R20291 (RT027) and M68 (RT017). DNase has a profound effect on biofilm integrity, resulting in complete disassembly of the biofilm matrix, inhibition of biofilm formation and reduced spore germination. The addition of exogenous DNase could be exploited in treatment of C. difficile infection and relapse, to improve antibiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa F Dawson
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Johann Peltier
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Catherine L Hall
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Mark A Harrison
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maria Derakhshan
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen A Shaw
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, UK
| | - Neil F Fairweather
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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18
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Integrated meta-analysis and machine learning approach identifies acyl-CoA thioesterase with other novel genes responsible for biofilm development in Staphylococcus aureus. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 88:104702. [PMID: 33388440 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm forming Staphylococcus aureus is a major threat to the health-care industry. It is important to understand the differences between planktonic and biofilm growth forms in the pathogen since conventional treatments targeting the planktonic forms are not effective against biofilms. The current study conducts a meta-analysis of three public transcriptomic profiles to examine the differences in gene expression between the planktonic and biofilm states of S. aureus using random-effects modeling. Mean effect sizes were calculated for 2847 genes among which 726 differentially expressed genes were taken for further analysis. Major genes that are discriminatory between the two conditions were mined using supervised learning techniques and validated by high-accuracy classifiers. Ten different feature selection algorithms were applied and used to rank the most important genes in S. aureus biofilms. Finally, an optimal set of 36 genes are presented as candidate genes in biofilm formation or development while throwing light on the novel roles of an acyl-CoA thioesterase enzyme and 10 hypothetical proteins in biofilms. The relevance of the identified gene set was further validated by building five different classification models using SVM, RF, kNN, NB and DT algorithms that were compared with models built from other relevant gene sets and by reviewing the functional role of 25 previously known genes in biofilm development. The study combines meta-analysis of differential expression with supervised machine learning strategies and feature selection for the first time to identify and validate a discriminatory set of genes important in biofilms of S. aureus. The functional roles of the identified genes predicted to be important in biofilms are further scrutinized and can be considered as a signature target list to develop anti-biofilm therapeutics in S. aureus.
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19
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Hierarchical Model for the Role of J-Domain Proteins in Distinct Cellular Functions. J Mol Biol 2020; 433:166750. [PMID: 33310019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.166750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In Escherichia coli, the major bacterial Hsp70 system consists of DnaK, three J-domain proteins (JDPs: DnaJ, CbpA, and DjlA), and nucleotide exchange factor GrpE. JDPs determine substrate specificity for the Hsp70 system; however, knowledge on their specific role in bacterial cellular functions is limited. In this study, we demonstrated the role of JDPs in bacterial survival during heat stress and the DnaK-regulated formation of curli-extracellular amyloid fibers involved in biofilm formation. Genetic analysis demonstrate that only DnaJ is essential for survival at high temperature. On the other hand, either DnaJ or CbpA, but not DjlA, is sufficient to activate DnaK in curli production. Additionally, several DnaK mutants with reduced activity are able to complement the loss of curli production in E. coli ΔdnaK, whereas they do not recover the growth defect of the mutant strain at high temperature. Biochemical analyses reveal that DnaJ and CbpA are involved in the expression of the master regulator CsgD through the solubilization of MlrA, a DNA-binding transcriptional activator for the csgD promoter. Furthermore, DnaJ and CbpA also keep CsgA in a translocation-competent state by preventing its aggregation in the cytoplasm. Our findings support a hierarchical model wherein the role of JDPs in the Hsp70 system differs according to individual cellular functions.
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20
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Zaman M, Andreasen M. Cross-talk between individual phenol-soluble modulins in Staphylococcus aureus biofilm enables rapid and efficient amyloid formation. eLife 2020; 9:59776. [PMID: 33259287 PMCID: PMC7732344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The infective ability of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, recognized as the most frequent cause of biofilm-associated infections, is associated with biofilm-mediated resistance to host immune response. Phenol-soluble modulins (PSM) comprise the structural scaffold of S. aureus biofilms through self-assembly into functional amyloids, but the role of individual PSMs during biofilm formation remains poorly understood and the molecular pathways of PSM self-assembly are yet to be identified. Here we demonstrate high degree of cooperation between individual PSMs during functional amyloid formation. PSMα3 initiates the aggregation, forming unstable aggregates capable of seeding other PSMs resulting in stable amyloid structures. Using chemical kinetics we dissect the molecular mechanism of aggregation of individual PSMs showing that PSMα1, PSMα3 and PSMβ1 display secondary nucleation whereas PSMβ2 aggregates through primary nucleation and elongation. Our findings suggest that various PSMs have evolved to ensure fast and efficient biofilm formation through cooperation between individual peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masihuz Zaman
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maria Andreasen
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Stevens M, Howe C, Ray AM, Washburn A, Chitre S, Sivinski J, Park Y, Hoang QQ, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Analogs of nitrofuran antibiotics are potent GroEL/ES inhibitor pro-drugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115710. [PMID: 33007545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In two previous studies, we identified compound 1 as a moderate GroEL/ES inhibitor with weak to moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and SM101 Escherichia coli (which has a compromised lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway making bacteria more permeable to drugs). Extending from those studies, we developed two series of analogs with key substructures resembling those of known antibacterials, nitroxoline (hydroxyquinoline moiety) and nifuroxazide/nitrofurantoin (bis-cyclic-N-acylhydrazone scaffolds). Through biochemical and cell-based assays, we identified potent GroEL/ES inhibitors that selectively blocked E. faecium, S. aureus, and E. coli proliferation with low cytotoxicity to human colon and intestine cells in vitro. Initially, only the hydroxyquinoline-bearing analogs were found to be potent inhibitors in our GroEL/ES-mediated substrate refolding assays; however, subsequent testing in the presence of an E. coli nitroreductase (NfsB) in situ indicated that metabolites of the nitrofuran-bearing analogs were potent GroEL/ES inhibitor pro-drugs. Consequently, this study has identified a new target of nitrofuran-containing drugs, and is the first reported instance of such a unique class of GroEL/ES chaperonin inhibitors. The intriguing results presented herein provide impetus for expanded studies to validate inhibitor mechanisms and optimize this antibacterial class using the respective GroEL/ES chaperonin systems and nitroreductases from E. coli and the ESKAPE bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Chris Howe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Yangshin Park
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine. 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Quyen Q Hoang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine. 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine. 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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22
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Das S, Kumar H.S. V, Pal SK, Srivastava VK, Jyoti A, Kumar S, Kaushik S. Prospecting Potential Inhibitors of Sortase A from Enterococcus faecalis: A Multidrug Resistant Bacteria, through In-silico and In-vitro Approaches. Protein Pept Lett 2020; 27:582-592. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666191227143048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Enterococcus faecalis (Ef) infections are becoming dreadfully common in
hospital environments. Infections caused by Ef are difficult to treat because of its acquired
resistance to different class of antibiotics, making it a multidrug resistant bacteria. Key pathogenic
factor of Ef includes its ability to form biofilm on the surface of diagnostic and other medical
devices. Sortase A (SrtA) is a cysteine transpeptidase which plays a pivotal role in the formation of
biofilm in Ef, hence, it is considered as an important enzyme for the pathogenesis of Ef. Thus,
inhibition of (SrtA) will affect biofilm formation, which will reduce its virulence and eventually Ef
infection will be abridged.
Objective:
To find potential inhibitors of Enterococcus faecalis Sortase A (EfSrtA) through insilico
and in-vitro methods.
Methods:
Gene coding for EfSrtA was cloned, expressed and purified. Three-dimensional model of
EfSrtA was created using Swiss-Model workspace. In-silico docking studies using Autodock vina
and molecular dynamics simulations of the modelled structures using Gromacs platform were
performed to explore potential lead compounds against EfSrtA. In-vitro binding experiments using
spectrofluorometric technique was carried out to confirm and validate the study.
Results:
In-silico docking and in-vitro binding experiments revealed that curcumin, berberine and
myricetin bound to EfSrtA at nanomolar concentrations with high affinity.
Conclusion:
This is a first structural report of EfSrtA with curcumin, berberine and myricetin.
Taking in account the herbal nature of these compounds, the use of these compounds as inhibitors
will be advantageous. This study validated curcumin, berberine and myricetin as potential inhibitors
of EfSrtA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajeet Das
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Vijay Kumar H.S.
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bangalore, India
| | - Sudhir K. Pal
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Anupam Jyoti
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sanjit Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanket Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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23
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Taheri Y, Suleria HAR, Martins N, Sytar O, Beyatli A, Yeskaliyeva B, Seitimova G, Salehi B, Semwal P, Painuli S, Kumar A, Azzini E, Martorell M, Setzer WN, Maroyi A, Sharifi-Rad J. Myricetin bioactive effects: moving from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:241. [PMID: 32738903 PMCID: PMC7395214 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Several flavonoids have been recognized as nutraceuticals, and myricetin is a good example. Myricetin is commonly found in plants and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is well demonstrated. One of its beneficial biological effects is the neuroprotective activity, showing preclinical activities on Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases, and even in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also, myricetin has revealed other biological activities, among them as antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular, analgesic and antihypertensive. However, few clinical trials have been performed using myricetin as nutraceutical. Thus, this review provides new insights on myricetin preclinical pharmacological activities, and role in selected clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Taheri
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Oksana Sytar
- Department of Plant Biology Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Institute of Biology, Volodymyrska str., 64, Kyiv, 01033 Ukraine
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Ahmet Beyatli
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, University of Health Sciences, 34668 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Balakyz Yeskaliyeva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Gulnaz Seitimova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
- Uttarakhand State Council for Science and Technology, Vigyan Dham, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Sakshi Painuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
- Himalayan Environmental Studies and Conservation Organization, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248001 India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology, Silk Park, Prem Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
| | - Elena Azzini
- CREA-Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico, UDT, Universidad de Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043 USA
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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24
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Yang Z, Cui Q, Zhang M, Li Z, Wang M, Xu H. A lux-based Staphylococcus aureus bioluminescence screening assay for the detection/identification of antibiotics and prediction of antibiotic mechanisms. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:828-836. [PMID: 32678336 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The need for the discovery of new antibiotics and solving the antibiotic resistance problem requires rapid detection of antibiotics, identification of known antibiotics, and prediction of antibiotic mechanisms. The bacterial lux genes encode proteins that convert chemical energy into photonic energy and lead to bioluminescence. Exploiting this phenomenon, we constructed a lux-based bioluminescence system in Staphylococcus aureus by expressing lux genes under the control of stress-inducible chaperon promoters. When experiencing antibiotic stress, these constructed reporter strains showed clear bioluminescence response. Therefore, this bioluminescence screening system can be used for the detection of antibiotics in unknown chemical mixtures. Further analysis of bioluminescence response patterns showed that: (1) these bioluminescence response patterns are highly antibiotic specific and therefore can be used for rapid and cheap identification of antibiotics; and that (2) antibiotics having the same mechanism of action have similar bioluminescence patterns and therefore these patterns can be used for the prediction of mechanism for an unknown antibiotic with good sensitivity and specificity. With this bioluminescence screening assay, the discovery and analysis of new antibiotics can be promoted, which benefits in solving the antibiotic resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Qingyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Mengge Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
| | - Hai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, China.
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25
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Espinosa A, Paz-y-Miño-C G, Santos Y, Ma H, Nadeau M, Seeram NP, Rowley DC. Anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb ( Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract, the anthraquinone rhein and related compounds. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03693. [PMID: 32258515 PMCID: PMC7118315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Entamoeba histolytica infects 50 million people worldwide and causes 55 thousand fatalities every year. Current anti-amebic drugs (e.g. paromomycin) work either at the level of the intestinal lumen (where trophozoites proliferate via cell divisions) or on the invasive trophozoites that have penetrated the gut or colonized internal organs (e.g. metronidazole). Some of these drugs are highly toxic to patients, have generated trophozoite resistance, or caused mutations and cancer in laboratory animals. Thus, alternative anti-amebic compounds need to be identified to minimize the side effects (on patients) or resistance (by amebas) to current treatments. The literature suggests that anthraquinones (chemicals found in medicinal plants) have antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Here we provide experimental evidence that Chinese rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) leaves' extract (rich in the anthraquinone rhein) inhibits E. histolytica trophozoite growth in vitro. In addition, from a set of ten isolated/synthetic anthraquinones (which we suspected to have anti-amebic properties), four analogs (rhein; AHHDAC = 1-amino-4-hydroxy-9, 10-dioxo-9, 10-dihydro-anthracene-2-carboxylic acid; unisol blue AS; and sennoside B) efficiently inhibited amebic growth at EIC50 concentrations comparable to metronidazole. The mechanism of action of these compounds still needs to be determined, although anthraquinones might enhance the production of toxic oxygen metabolites as it has been suggested for various protists (e.g. Leishmania, Plasmodium, Trypanosoma). Our research is the first to explore anti-amebic effects of Chinese rhubarb leaves' extract and isolated/synthetic anthraquinones on pathogenic Entamoeba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelina Espinosa
- Department of Biology, Roger Williams University, RI 02809, United States
- New England Center for the Public Understanding of Science, Roger Williams University, RI 02809, United States
| | - Guillermo Paz-y-Miño-C
- New England Center for the Public Understanding of Science, Roger Williams University, RI 02809, United States
| | - Yoly Santos
- Department of Biology, Roger Williams University, RI 02809, United States
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Michael Nadeau
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - David C. Rowley
- Department of Biomedical & Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
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26
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Reamtong O, Indrawattana N, Rungruengkitkun A, Thiangtrongjit T, Duangurai T, Chongsa-Nguan M, Pumirat P. Altered proteome of a Burkholderia pseudomallei mutant defective in short-chain dehydrogenase affects cell adhesion, biofilm formation and heat stress tolerance. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8659. [PMID: 32219018 PMCID: PMC7085900 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes melioidosis and is recognized as an important public health problem in southeast Asia and northeast Australia. The treatment of B. pseudomallei infection is hampered by resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents and no vaccine is currently available. At present, the underlying mechanisms of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis are poorly understood. In our previous study, we reported that a B. pseudomallei short-chain dehydrogenase (SDO; BPSS2242) mutant constructed by deletion mutagenesis showed reduced B. pseudomallei invasion and initial intracellular survival. This indicated that SDO is associated with the pathogenesis of melioidosis. In the present study, the role of B. pseudomallei SDO was further investigated using the SDO deletion mutant by a proteomic approach. The protein profiles of the SDO mutant and wild-type K96243 were investigated through gel-based proteomic analysis. Quantitative intensity analysis of three individual cultures of the B. pseudomallei SDO mutant revealed significant down-regulation of five protein spots compared with the wild-type. Q-TOF MS/MS identified the protein spots as a glutamate/aspartate ABC transporter, prolyl-tRNA synthetase, Hsp70 family protein, quinone oxidoreductase and a putative carboxypeptidase. Functional assays were performed to investigate the role of these differentially expressed proteins in adhesion to host cells, biofilm induction and survival under heat stress conditions. The SDO deletion mutant showed a decreased ability to adhere to host cells. Moreover, biofilm formation and the survival rate of bacteria under heat stress conditions were also reduced in the mutant strain. Our findings provide insight into the role of SDO in the survival and pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei at the molecular level, which may be applied to the prevention and control of B. pseudomallei infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amporn Rungruengkitkun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tipparat Thiangtrongjit
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Taksaon Duangurai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences/Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manas Chongsa-Nguan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Tripathi P, Singh LK, Kumari S, Hakiem OR, Batra JK. ClpB is an essential stress regulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and endows survival advantage to dormant bacilli. Int J Med Microbiol 2020; 310:151402. [PMID: 32014406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2020.151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to tolerate multiple host derived stresses, resist eradication and persist within the infected individuals is central to the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterial survival is contingent upon sensing environmental perturbations and initiating a fitting response to counter them. Therefore, understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying stress tolerance and sensing in Mtb is critical for devising strategies for TB control. Our study aims to delineate the role of ClpB, a heat shock protein of Hsp100 family, in the general stress response and persistence mechanisms of Mtb. We demonstrate that Mtb requires ClpB to survive under stressful conditions. Additionally, we show that ClpB is necessary for the bacteria to persist in latency-like conditions such as prolonged hypoxia and nutrient-starvation. The disruption of ClpB results in aberrant cellular morphology, impaired biofilm formation and reduced infectivity of Mtb ex vivo. Our study also reports an alternative role of ClpB as a chaperokine which elicits inflammatory response in host. We conclude that ClpB is essential for Mtb to survive within macrophages, and plays a crucial part in the maintenance of dormant Mtb bacilli in latent state. The absence of ClpB in human genome makes it an attractive choice as drug target for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajna Tripathi
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Lalit K Singh
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sujata Kumari
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Owais R Hakiem
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Janendra K Batra
- National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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28
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Structural and Functional Dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms and Biofilm Matrix Proteins on Different Clinical Materials. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120584. [PMID: 31756969 PMCID: PMC6955704 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical device-associated staphylococcal infections are a common and challenging problem. However, detailed knowledge of staphylococcal biofilm dynamics on clinically relevant surfaces is still limited. In the present study, biofilm formation of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 strain was studied on clinically relevant materials-borosilicate glass, plexiglass, hydroxyapatite, titanium and polystyrene-at 18, 42 and 66 h. Materials with the highest surface roughness and porosity (hydroxyapatite and plexiglass) did not promote biofilm formation as efficiently as some other selected materials. Matrix-associated poly-N-acetyl-β-(1-6)-glucosamine (PNAG) was considered important in young (18 h) biofilms, whereas proteins appeared to play a more important role at later stages of biofilm development. A total of 460 proteins were identified from biofilm matrices formed on the indicated materials and time points-from which, 66 proteins were proposed to form the core surfaceome. At 18 h, the appearance of several r-proteins and glycolytic adhesive moonlighters, possibly via an autolysin (AtlA)-mediated release, was demonstrated in all materials, whereas classical surface adhesins, resistance- and virulence-associated proteins displayed greater variation in their abundances depending on the used material. Hydroxyapatite-associated biofilms were more susceptible to antibiotics than biofilms formed on titanium, but no clear correlation between the tolerance and biofilm age was observed. Thus, other factors, possibly the adhesive moonlighters, could have contributed to the observed chemotolerant phenotype. In addition, a protein-dependent matrix network was observed to be already well-established at the 18 h time point. To the best of our knowledge, this is among the first studies shedding light into matrix-associated surfaceomes of S. aureus biofilms grown on different clinically relevant materials and at different time points.
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29
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Kiu R, Caim S, Painset A, Pickard D, Swift C, Dougan G, Mather AE, Amar C, Hall LJ. Phylogenomic analysis of gastroenteritis-associated Clostridium perfringens in England and Wales over a 7-year period indicates distribution of clonal toxigenic strains in multiple outbreaks and extensive involvement of enterotoxin-encoding (CPE) plasmids. Microb Genom 2019; 5. [PMID: 31553300 PMCID: PMC6861862 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a major enteric pathogen known to cause gastroenteritis in human adults. Although major outbreak cases are frequently reported, only limited whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based studies have been performed to understand the genomic epidemiology and virulence gene content of outbreak-associated C. perfringens strains. We performed phylogenomic analysis on 109 C. perfringens isolates (human and food) obtained from disease cases in England and Wales between 2011 and 2017. Initial findings highlighted the enhanced discriminatory power of WGS in profiling outbreak C. perfringens strains, when compared to the current Public Health England referencing laboratory technique of fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. Further analysis identified that isogenic C. perfringens strains were associated with nine distinct care-home-associated outbreaks over the course of a 5-year interval, indicating a potential common source linked to these outbreaks or transmission over time and space. As expected, the enterotoxin cpe gene was encoded in all but 4 isolates (96.3 %; 105/109), with virulence plasmids encoding cpe (particularly pCPF5603 and pCPF4969 plasmids) extensively distributed (82.6 %; 90/109). Genes encoding accessory virulence factors, such as beta-2 toxin, were commonly detected (46.7 %; 51/109), and genes encoding phage proteins were also frequently identified. Overall, this large-scale genomic study of gastroenteritis-associated C. perfringens suggested that three major cpe-encoding (toxinotype F) genotypes underlie these outbreaks: strains carrying (1) pCPF5603 plasmid, (2) pCPF4969 plasmid and (3) chromosomal-cpe strains. Our findings substantially expanded our knowledge on type F C. perfringens involved in human-associated gastroenteritis, with further studies required to fully probe the dissemination and regional reservoirs of this enteric pathogen, which may help devise effective prevention strategies to reduce the food-poisoning disease burden in vulnerable patients, such as the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Kiu
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Shabhonam Caim
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Anais Painset
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Derek Pickard
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Craig Swift
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alison E Mather
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.,Microbes in the Food Chain, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Corinne Amar
- Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit, Public Health England, London NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Lindsay J Hall
- Gut Microbes and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
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30
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Wagle BR, Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Shrestha S, Arsi K, Liyanage R, Venkitanarayanan K, Donoghue DJ, Donoghue AM. Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol and Carvacrol Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms and Modulate Expression of Select Genes and Proteins. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1837. [PMID: 31456771 PMCID: PMC6698798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human foodborne illness globally, and is strongly linked with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Several studies have shown that C. jejuni can form sanitizer tolerant biofilm leading to product contamination, however, limited research has been conducted to develop effective control strategies against C. jejuni biofilms. This study investigated the efficacy of three generally recognized as safe status phytochemicals namely, trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), eugenol (EG), or carvacrol (CR) in inhibiting C. jejuni biofilm formation and inactivating mature biofilm on common food contact surfaces at 20 and 37°C. In addition, the effect of phytochemicals on biofilm architecture and expression of genes and proteins essential for biofilm formation was evaluated. For the inhibition study, C. jejuni was allowed to form biofilms either in the presence or absence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC (0.75 mM), EG (0.61 mM), or CR (0.13 mM) for 48 h and the biofilm formation was quantified at 24-h interval. For the inactivation study, C. jejuni biofilms developed at 20 or 37°C for 48 h were exposed to the phytochemicals for 1, 5, or 10 min and surviving C. jejuni in the biofilm were enumerated. All phytochemicals reduced C. jejuni biofilm formation as well as inactivated mature biofilm on polystyrene and steel surface at both temperatures (P < 0.05). The highest dose of TC (75.64 mM), EG (60.9 mM) and CR (66.56 mM) inactivated (>7 log reduction) biofilm developed on steel (20°C) within 5 min. The genes encoding for motility systems (flaA, flaB, and flgA) were downregulated by all phytochemicals (P < 0.05). The expression of stress response (cosR, ahpC) and cell surface modifying genes (waaF) was reduced by EG. LC-MS/MS based proteomic analysis revealed that TC, EG, and CR significantly downregulated the expression of NapA protein required for oxidative stress response. The expression of chaperone protein DnaK and bacterioferritin required for biofilm formation was reduced by TC and CR. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disruption of biofilm architecture and loss of extracellular polymeric substances after treatment. Results suggest that TC, EG, and CR could be used as a natural disinfectant for controlling C. jejuni biofilms in processing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta R. Wagle
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Indu Upadhyaya
- School of Agriculture, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, United States
| | - Sandip Shrestha
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Komala Arsi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Dan J. Donoghue
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Annie M. Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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31
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Suryaletha K, Narendrakumar L, John J, Radhakrishnan MP, George S, Thomas S. Decoding the proteomic changes involved in the biofilm formation of Enterococcus faecalis SK460 to elucidate potential biofilm determinants. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:146. [PMID: 31253082 PMCID: PMC6599329 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1527-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecalis is a major clinically relevant nosocomial bacterial pathogen frequently isolated from polymicrobial infections. The biofilm forming ability of E. faecalis attributes a key role in its virulence and drug resistance. Biofilm cells are phenotypically and metabolically different from their planktonic counterparts and many aspects involved in E. faecalis biofilm formation are yet to be elucidated. The strain E. faecalis SK460 used in the present study is esp (Enterococcal surface protein) and fsr (two-component signal transduction system) negative non-gelatinase producing strong biofilm former isolated from a chronic diabetic foot ulcer patient. We executed a label-free quantitative proteomic approach to elucidate the differential protein expression pattern at planktonic and biofilm stages of SK460 to come up with potential determinants associated with Enterococcal biofilm formation. RESULTS The Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of proteomic data revealed that biofilm cells expressed higher levels of proteins which are associated with glycolysis, amino acid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, microbial metabolism in diverse environments and stress response factors. Besides these basic survival pathways, LuxS-mediated quorum sensing, arginine metabolism, rhamnose biosynthesis, pheromone and adhesion associated proteins were found to be upregulated during the biofilm transit from planktonic stages. The selected subsets were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. In silico functional interaction analysis revealed that the genes involved in upregulated pathways pose a close molecular interaction thereby coordinating the regulatory network to thrive as a biofilm community. CONCLUSIONS The present study describes the first report of the quantitative proteome analysis of an esp and fsr negative non gelatinase producing E. faecalis. Proteome analysis evidenced enhanced expression of glycolytic pathways, stress response factors, LuxS quorum signaling system, rhamnopolysaccharide synthesis and pheromone associated proteins in biofilm phenotype. We also pointed out the relevance of LuxS quorum sensing and pheromone associated proteins in the biofilm development of E. faecalis which lacks the Fsr quorum signaling system. These validated biofilm determinants can act as potential inhibiting targets in Enterococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthika Suryaletha
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Lekshmi Narendrakumar
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Joby John
- Department of Surgery, Government Medical College Hospital, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - Megha Periyappilly Radhakrishnan
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sanil George
- Interdisciplinary Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- Cholera and Biofilm Research Laboratory, Pathogen Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, (National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India), Trivandrum, Kerala, 695014, India.
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Ranjith K, Ramchiary J, Prakash JSS, Arunasri K, Sharma S, Shivaji S. Gene Targets in Ocular Pathogenic Escherichia coli for Mitigation of Biofilm Formation to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1308. [PMID: 31293528 PMCID: PMC6598151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is an attempt to establish the functionality of genes involved in biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in an ocular strain of Escherichia coli (L-1216/2010) which was isolated and characterized from the Vitreous fluid of a patient with Endophthalmitis. For this purpose, seven separate gene-specific knockout mutants were generated by homologous recombination in ocular E. coli. The genes that were mutated included three transmembrane genes ytfR (ABC transporter ATP-binding protein), mdtO (multidrug efflux system) and tolA (inner membrane protein), ryfA coding for non-coding RNA and three metabolic genes mhpA (3-3-hydroxyphenylpropionate 1,2-dioxygenase), mhpB (2,3-di hydroxyphenylpropionate 1,2-dioxygenase), and bdcR (regulatory gene of bdcA). Mutants were validated by sequencing and Reverse transcription-PCR and monitored for biofilm formation by XTT method and confocal microscopy. The antibiotic susceptibility of the mutants was also ascertained. The results indicated that biofilm formation was inhibited in five mutants (ΔbdcR, ΔmhpA, ΔmhpB, ΔryfA, and ΔtolA) and the thickness of biofilm reduced from 17.2 μm in the wildtype to 1.5 to 4.8 μm in the mutants. Mutants ΔytfR and ΔmdtO retained the potential to form biofilm. Complementation of the mutants with the wild type gene restored biofilm formation potential in all mutants except in ΔmhpB. The 5 mutants which lost their ability to form biofilm (ΔbdcR, ΔmhpA, ΔmhpB, ΔtolA, and ΔryfA) did not exhibit any change in their susceptibility to Ceftazidime, Cefuroxime, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Cefotaxime, Sulfamethoxazole, Imipenem, Erythromycin, and Streptomycin in the planktonic phase compared to wild type ocular E. coli. But ΔmdtO was the only mutant with altered MIC to Sulfamethoxazole, Imipenem, Erythromycin, and Streptomycin both in the planktonic and biofilm phase. This is the first report demonstrating the involvement of the metabolic genes mhpA and mhpB and bdcR (regulatory gene of bdcA) in biofilm formation in ocular E. coli. In addition we provide evidence that tolA and ryfA are required for biofilm formation while ytfR and mdtO are not required. Mitigation of biofilm formation to overcome antibiotic resistance could be achieved by targeting the genes bdcR, mhpA, mhpB, ryfA, and tolA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konduri Ranjith
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre - Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.,Research Scholar, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jahnabi Ramchiary
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jogadhenu S S Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kotakonda Arunasri
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre - Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Savitri Sharma
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre - Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sisinthy Shivaji
- Jhaveri Microbiology Centre - Prof. Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Tlili H, Marino A, Ginestra G, Cacciola F, Mondello L, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Najjaa H, Nostro A. Polyphenolic profile, antibacterial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of leaf extracts from six Tunisian spontaneous species. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1057-1063. [PMID: 31163999 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1616725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the polyphenolic profile and biological properties of leaves acetonic extracts from six Tunisian spontaneous plants of Marrubium vulgare L., Rhus tripartita (Ucria) D.C., Hernaria fontanesii J. Gay subsp. fontanesii, Ziziphus lotus L., Plantago ovata Forsk., Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. Bioassay-guided and HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS procedures demonstrated that R. tripartita contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds (1475.1 µg/g), followed by Z. lotus (1087.8 µg/g) and P. ovata (1027.6 µg/g). Interestingly, in R. tripartita myricetin-3-O-galactoside turned out to be the most abundant one. The plant extracts showed antimicrobial efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis including methicillin resistant strains; no activity was detected against Gram-negative bacteria. R. tripartita revealed the best MIC and MBC values and caused significant decrease of S. aureus biofilm. Both R. tripartita and Z. lotus did not display any toxicity against Artemia salina Leach (LC50 > 1000 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Tlili
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Andreana Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ginestra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Hanen Najjaa
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Antonia Nostro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Polo Annunziata, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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34
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Di Somma A, Caterino M, Soni V, Agarwal M, di Pasquale P, Zanetti S, Molicotti P, Cannas S, Nandicoori VK, Duilio A. The bifunctional protein GlmU is a key factor in biofilm formation induced by alkylating stress in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Res Microbiol 2019; 170:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Washburn A, Abdeen S, Ovechkina Y, Ray AM, Stevens M, Chitre S, Sivinski J, Park Y, Johnson J, Hoang QQ, Chapman E, Parish T, Johnson SM. Dual-targeting GroEL/ES chaperonin and protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB) inhibitors: A polypharmacology strategy for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1665-1672. [PMID: 31047750 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections require long and complicated regimens that can lead to patient non-compliance, increasing incidences of antibiotic-resistant strains, and lack of efficacy against latent stages of disease. Thus, new therapeutics are needed to improve tuberculosis standard of care. One strategy is to target protein homeostasis pathways by inhibiting molecular chaperones such as GroEL/ES (HSP60/10) chaperonin systems. M. tuberculosis has two GroEL homologs: GroEL1 is not essential but is important for cytokine-dependent granuloma formation, while GroEL2 is essential for survival and likely functions as the canonical housekeeping chaperonin for folding proteins. Another strategy is to target the protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB) virulence factor that M. tuberculosis secretes into host cells to help evade immune responses. In the present study, we have identified a series of GroEL/ES inhibitors that inhibit M. tuberculosis growth in liquid culture and biochemical function of PtpB in vitro. With further optimization, such dual-targeting GroEL/ES and PtpB inhibitors could be effective against all stages of tuberculosis - actively replicating bacteria, bacteria evading host cell immune responses, and granuloma formation in latent disease - which would be a significant advance to augment current therapeutics that primarily target actively replicating bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Washburn
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Sanofar Abdeen
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Yulia Ovechkina
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Siddhi Chitre
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Yangshin Park
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - James Johnson
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Quyen Q Hoang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- The University of Arizona, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave E, Seattle, WA 98102, United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
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Martínez-Carmona M, Gun'ko YK, Vallet-Regí M. Mesoporous Silica Materials as Drug Delivery: "The Nightmare" of Bacterial Infection. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E279. [PMID: 30558308 PMCID: PMC6320763 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10040279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous silica materials (MSM) have a great surface area and a high pore volume, meaning that they consequently have a large loading capacity, and have been demonstrated to be unique candidates for the treatment of different pathologies, including bacterial infection. In this text, we review the multiple ways of action in which MSM can be used to fight bacterial infection, including early detection, drug release, targeting bacteria or biofilm, antifouling surfaces, and adjuvant capacity. This review focus mainly on those that act as a drug delivery system, and therefore that have an essential characteristic, which is their great loading capacity. Since MSM have advantages in all stages of combatting bacterial infection; its prevention, detection and finally in its treatment, we can venture to talk about them as the "nightmare of bacteria".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Martínez-Carmona
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Yurii K Gun'ko
- School of Chemistry and CRANN, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Department Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre i+12, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Mori M, Tsuge S, Fukasawa W, Jeelani G, Nakada-Tsukui K, Nonaka K, Matsumoto A, Ōmura S, Nozaki T, Shiomi K. Discovery of Antiamebic Compounds That Inhibit Cysteine Synthase From the Enteric Parasitic Protist Entamoeba histolytica by Screening of Microbial Secondary Metabolites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:409. [PMID: 30568921 PMCID: PMC6290340 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amebiasis is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. Although metronidazole has been a drug of choice against amebiasis for decades, it shows side effects and low efficacy against asymptomatic cyst carriers. In addition, metronidazole resistance has been documented for bacteria and protozoa that share its targets, anaerobic energy metabolism. Therefore, drugs with new mode of action or targets are urgently needed. L-cysteine is the major thiol and an essential amino acid for proliferation and anti-oxidative defense of E. histolytica trophozoites. E. histolytica possesses the de novo L-cysteine biosynthetic pathway, consisting of two reactions catalyzed by serine acetyltransferase and cysteine synthase (CS, O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase). As the pathway is missing in humans, it is considered to be a rational drug target against amebiasis. In this study, we established a protocol to screen both a library of structurally known compounds and microbial culture extracts to discover compounds that target de novo cysteine biosynthesis of E. histolytica. The new screening system allowed us to identify the compounds that differentially affect the growth of the trophozoites in the cysteine-deprived medium compared to the cysteine-containing medium. A total of 431 structurally defined compounds of the Kitasato Natural Products Library and 6,900 microbial culture broth extracts were screened on the system described above. Five compounds, aspochalasin B, chaetoglobosin A, prochaetoglobosin III, cerulenin, and deoxyfrenolicin, from the Kitasato Natural Products Library, showed differential antiamebic activities in the cysteine-deprived medium when compared to the growth in the cysteine-containing medium. The selectivity of three cytochalasans apparently depends on their structural instability. Eleven microbial extracts showed selective antiamebic activities, and one fungal secondary metabolite, pencolide, was isolated. Pencolide showed cysteine deprivation-dependent antiamebic activity (7.6 times lower IC50 in the absence of cysteine than that in the presence of cysteine), although the IC50 value in the cysteine-deprived medium was rather high (283 μM). Pencolide also showed inhibitory activity against both CS1 and CS3 isoenzymes with comparable IC50 values (233 and 217 μM, respectively). These results indicated that antiamebic activity of pencolide is attributable to inhibition of CS. Cytotoxicity of pencolide was 6.7 times weaker against mammalian MRC-5 cell line than E. histotytica. Pencolide has the maleimide structure, which is easily attacked by Michael donors including the thiol moiety of cysteine. The cysteine-adducts of pencolide were detected by mass spectrometric analysis as predicted. As CS inhibition by the pencolide adducts was weak and their IC50 values to CS was comparable to that to the parasite in the cysteine-containing medium, the cysteine-adducts of pencolide likely contribute to toxicity of pencolide to the parasite in the cysteine-rich conditions. However, we cannot exclude a possibility that pencolide inactivates a variety of targets other than CSs in the absence of cysteine. Taken together, pencolide is the first compound that inhibits CS and amebic cell growth in a cysteine-dependent manner with relatively low mammalian cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Mori
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuge
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fukasawa
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ghulam Jeelani
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kumiko Nakada-Tsukui
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nonaka
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Noor Mohammadi T, Maung A, Sato J, Sonoda T, Masuda Y, Honjoh K, Miyamoto T. Mechanism for antibacterial action of epigallocatechin gallate and theaflavin-3,3′-digallate on Clostridium perfringens. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:633-640. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Noor Mohammadi
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Graduate School; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - A.T. Maung
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Graduate School; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - J. Sato
- Safety Science Research; R&D; Kao Corporation; Ichikai-Machi Tochigi Japan
| | - T. Sonoda
- Safety Science Research; R&D; Kao Corporation; Ichikai-Machi Tochigi Japan
| | - Y. Masuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Graduate School; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - K. Honjoh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Graduate School; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - T. Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Agriculture; Graduate School; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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Kunkle T, Abdeen S, Salim N, Ray AM, Stevens M, Ambrose AJ, Victorino J, Park Y, Hoang QQ, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Hydroxybiphenylamide GroEL/ES Inhibitors Are Potent Antibacterials against Planktonic and Biofilm Forms of Staphylococcus aureus. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10651-10664. [PMID: 30392371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported the identification of a GroEL/ES inhibitor (1, N-(4-(benzo[ d]thiazol-2-ylthio)-3-chlorophenyl)-3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzamide) that exhibited in vitro antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus comparable to vancomycin, an antibiotic of last resort. To follow up, we have synthesized 43 compound 1 analogs to determine the most effective functional groups of the scaffold for inhibiting GroEL/ES and killing bacteria. Our results identified that the benzothiazole and hydroxyl groups are important for inhibiting GroEL/ES-mediated folding functions, with the hydroxyl essential for antibacterial effects. Several analogs exhibited >50-fold selectivity indices between antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxicity to human liver and kidney cells in cell culture. We found that MRSA was not able to easily generate acute resistance to lead inhibitors in a gain-of-resistance assay and that lead inhibitors were able to permeate through established S. aureus biofilms and maintain their bactericidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trent Kunkle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Sanofar Abdeen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Nilshad Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Arizona , 1703 E. Mabel Street , P.O. Box 210207, Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - José Victorino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Yangshin Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute , Indiana University School of Medicine , 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414 , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Department of Neurology , Indiana University School of Medicine . 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Quyen Q Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute , Indiana University School of Medicine , 320 W. 15th Street, Suite 414 , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Department of Neurology , Indiana University School of Medicine . 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy , The University of Arizona , 1703 E. Mabel Street , P.O. Box 210207, Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
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40
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Bell EW, Zheng EJ, Ryno LM. Identification of inhibitors of the E. coli chaperone SurA using in silico and in vitro techniques. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3540-3548. [PMID: 30301675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
SurA is a gram-negative, periplasmic chaperone protein involved in the proper folding of outer membrane porins (OMPs), which protect bacteria against toxins in the extracellular environment by selectively regulating the passage of nutrients into the cell. Previous studies demonstrated that deletion of SurA renders bacteria more sensitive to toxins that compromise the integrity of the outer membrane. Inhibitors of SurA will perturb the folding of OMPs, leading to disruption of the outer membrane barrier and making the cell more vulnerable to toxic insults. The discovery of novel SurA inhibitors is therefore of great importance for developing alternative strategies to overcome antibiotic resistance. Our laboratory has screened over 10,000,000 compoundsin silicoby computationally docking these compounds onto the crystal structure of SurA. Through this screen and a screen of fragment compounds (molecular weight less than 250 g/mol), we found twelve commercially readily available candidate compounds that bind to the putative client binding site of SurA. We confirmed binding to SurA by developing and employing a competitive fluorescence anisotropy-based binding assay. Our results show that one of these compounds, Fmoc-β-(2-quinolyl)-d-alanine, binds the client binding site with high micromolar affinity. Using this compound as a lead, we also discovered that Fmoc-l-tryptophan and Fmoc-l-phenylalanine, but not Fmoc-l-tyrosine, bind SurA with similar micromolar affinity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a competitive fluorescence anisotropy assay developed for the identification of inhibitors of the chaperone SurA, and the identification of three small molecules that bind SurA at its client binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St. A263, Oberlin, OH 44074, United States
| | - Erica J Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St. A263, Oberlin, OH 44074, United States
| | - Lisa M Ryno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, 119 Woodland St. A263, Oberlin, OH 44074, United States.
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41
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Abdeen S, Kunkle T, Salim N, Ray AM, Mammadova N, Summers C, Stevens M, Ambrose AJ, Park Y, Schultz PG, Horwich AL, Hoang QQ, Chapman E, Johnson SM. Sulfonamido-2-arylbenzoxazole GroEL/ES Inhibitors as Potent Antibacterials against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). J Med Chem 2018; 61:7345-7357. [PMID: 30060666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Extending from a study we recently published examining the antitrypanosomal effects of a series of GroEL/ES inhibitors based on a pseudosymmetrical bis-sulfonamido-2-phenylbenzoxazole scaffold, here, we report the antibiotic effects of asymmetric analogs of this scaffold against a panel of bacteria known as the ESKAPE pathogens ( Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). While GroEL/ES inhibitors were largely ineffective against K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and E. cloacae (Gram-negative bacteria), many analogs were potent inhibitors of E. faecium and S. aureus proliferation (Gram-positive bacteria, EC50 values of the most potent analogs were in the 1-2 μM range). Furthermore, even though some compounds inhibit human HSP60/10 biochemical functions in vitro (IC50 values in the 1-10 μM range), many of these exhibited moderate to low cytotoxicity to human liver and kidney cells (CC50 values > 20 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanofar Abdeen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Trent Kunkle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Nilshad Salim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Anne-Marie Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Najiba Mammadova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Corey Summers
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Mckayla Stevens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Andrew J Ambrose
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , The University of Arizona , 1703 East Mabel Street , P.O. Box 210207, Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Yangshin Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute , Indiana University School of Medicine , 320 West 15th Street, Suite 414 , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Department of Neurology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Peter G Schultz
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Arthur L Horwich
- HHMI, Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine , Boyer Center for Molecular Medicine , 295 Congress Avenue , New Haven , Connecticut 06510 , United States
| | - Quyen Q Hoang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute , Indiana University School of Medicine , 320 West 15th Street, Suite 414 , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States.,Department of Neurology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , The University of Arizona , 1703 East Mabel Street , P.O. Box 210207, Tucson , Arizona 85721 , United States
| | - Steven M Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Indiana University School of Medicine , 635 Barnhill Drive , Indianapolis , Indiana 46202 , United States
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42
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Van Gerven N, Van der Verren SE, Reiter DM, Remaut H. The Role of Functional Amyloids in Bacterial Virulence. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3657-3684. [PMID: 30009771 PMCID: PMC6173799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are best known as a product of human and animal protein misfolding disorders, where amyloid formation is associated with cytotoxicity and disease. It is now evident that for some proteins, the amyloid state constitutes the native structure and serves a functional role. These functional amyloids are proving widespread in bacteria and fungi, fulfilling diverse functions as structural components in biofilms or spore coats, as toxins and surface-active fibers, as epigenetic material, peptide reservoirs or adhesins mediating binding to and internalization into host cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of functional amyloids in bacterial pathogenesis. The role of functional amyloids as virulence factor is diverse but mostly indirect. Nevertheless, functional amyloid pathways deserve consideration for the acute and long-term effects of the infectious disease process and may form valid antimicrobial targets. Functional amyloids are widespread in bacteria, pathogenic and non-pathogenic. Bacterial biofilms most commonly function as structural support in the extracellular matrix of biofilms or spore coats, and in cell–cell and cell-surface adherence. The amyloid state can be the sole structured and functional state, or can be facultative, as a secondary state to folded monomeric subunits. Bacterial amyloids can enhance virulence by increasing persistence, cell adherence and invasion, intracellular survival, and pathogen spread by increased environmental survival. Bacterial amyloids may indirectly inflict disease by triggering inflammation, contact phase activation and possibly induce or aggravate human pathological aggregation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nani Van Gerven
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sander E Van der Verren
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk M Reiter
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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43
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Mizukami-Murata S, Fujita K, Nakano T. Effect of lower chlorinated hydroxylated-polychlorobiphenyls on development of PC12 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:16434-16445. [PMID: 28695493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9604-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylated polychlorobiphenyls (OH-PCBs) are major metabolites of PCBs that are widely distributed in the environment. While the effects of penta- to hepta-chlorinated OH-PCBs on neuronal differentiation have been widely reported, those of lower chlorinated OH-PCBs have not been extensively studied. To investigate the effects of lower chlorinated OH-PCBs on neuronal development, we studied the effects of mono- to hexa-chlorinated OH-PCBs on PC12 cells. Morphological changes were examined using an automatic system IN Cell Analyzer. Seventeen of the 20 OH-PCBs investigated promoted neuronal elongation in an OH-PCB concentration-dependent manner, while three OH-PCB congeners suppressed neuronal elongation based on Dunnett's analysis. In particular, the top five OH-PCBs (4OH-PCB2, 4'OH-PCB3, 4'OH-PCB25, 4'OH-PCB68, and 4'OH-PCB159), which have hydroxyl groups at the para-position and chlorine substitutions at the 2, 4, or 3' positions, significantly promoted neuronal elongation. Moreover, these neuronal elongations were suppressed by U0126, and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 was observed in PC12 cells treated with 4OH-PCB2, 4'OH-PCB25, and 4'OH-PCB159. Taken together, our results indicate that the effect of OH-PCB on neuronal development is not dependent on the number of chlorine groups but on the chemical structure, and the mitogen-activated kinase kinase (MEK)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway is involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Mizukami-Murata
- Public Works Research Institute (PWRI), PWRI, 3-1-3 Minamiyama, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), and National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Katsuhide Fujita
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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44
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Inhibitory effects of Myricetin derivatives on curli-dependent biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8452. [PMID: 29855532 PMCID: PMC5981455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26748-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are well-organised communities of microbes embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix (e.g., curli amyloid fibers) and are associated with chronic infections. Therefore, development of anti-biofilm drugs is important to combat with these infections. Previously, we found that flavonol Myricetin inhibits curli-dependent biofilm formation by Escherichia coli (IC50 = 46.2 μM). In this study, we tested activities of seven Myricetin-derivatives to inhibit biofilm formation by E. coli K-12 in liquid culture. Among them, only Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major catechin in green tea, inhibited biofilm formation of K-12 (IC50 = 5.9 μM) more efficiently than Myricetin. Transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated that EGCG prevented curli production by suppressing the expression of curli-related proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcripts of csgA, csgB, and csgD were significantly reduced in the presence of EGCG. Interestingly, the cellular level of RpoS, a stationary-phase specific alternative sigma factor, was reduced in the presence of EGCG, whereas the rpoS transcript was not affected. Antibiotic-chase experiments and genetic analyses revealed that EGCG accelerated RpoS degradation by ATP-dependent protease ClpXP in combination with its adaptor RssB. Collectively, these results provide significant insights into the development of drugs to treat chronic biofilm-associated infections.
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45
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Sugimoto S, Arita-Morioka KI, Terao A, Yamanaka K, Ogura T, Mizunoe Y. Multitasking of Hsp70 chaperone in the biogenesis of bacterial functional amyloids. Commun Biol 2018; 1:52. [PMID: 30271935 PMCID: PMC6123696 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are intricate communities of microorganisms embedded in a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymer, which provides microbes survival advantages in stressful environments and can cause chronic infections in humans. Curli are functional amyloids that assemble on the extracellular surface of enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli during biofilm development and colonization. The molecular chaperone DnaK, a bacterial Hsp70 homologue, promotes curli biogenesis via unknown mechanism(s). Here we show that DnaK increases the expression of CsgA and CsgB—the major and minor structural components of curli, respectively—via a quantity and quality control of RpoS, a stationary phase-specific alternative sigma factor regulating bacterial transcription, and CsgD, the master transcriptional regulator of curli formation. DnaK also keeps CsgA and CsgB in a translocation-competent state by binding to their signal peptides prone to aggregation. Our findings suggest that DnaK controls the homoeostasis of curli biogenesis at multiple stages to organize the biofilm matrix. Shinya Sugimoto et al. demonstrate how molecular chaperone DnaK regulates biofilm formation through the production of curli, which anchor enteric bacteria to the biofilm. This finding provides mechanistic insights into the development of anti-biofilm agents as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Sugimoto
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. .,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Ken-Ichi Arita-Morioka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.,Advanced Science Research Center, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-Ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193, Japan
| | - Akari Terao
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Teru Ogura
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Mizunoe
- Department of Bacteriology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.,Jikei Center for Biofilm Science and Technology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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46
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Todhanakasem T, Yodsanga S, Sowatad A, Kanokratana P, Thanonkeo P, Champreda V. Inhibition analysis of inhibitors derived from lignocellulose pretreatment on the metabolic activity of Zymomonas mobilis
biofilm and planktonic cells and the proteomic responses. Biotechnol Bioeng 2017; 115:70-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsaporn Todhanakasem
- Department of Agro-Industry; Faculty of Biotechnology; Assumption University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Supanika Yodsanga
- Department of Agro-Industry; Faculty of Biotechnology; Assumption University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Apinya Sowatad
- Department of Agro-Industry; Faculty of Biotechnology; Assumption University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Pattanop Kanokratana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Pathumthani Thailand
| | | | - Verawat Champreda
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC); Pathumthani Thailand
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47
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Okuda J, Yamane S, Nagata S, Kunikata C, Suezawa C, Yasuda M. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa dnaK gene is involved in bacterial translocation across the intestinal epithelial cell barrier. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2017; 163:1208-1216. [PMID: 28758636 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa can penetrate through polarized epithelial cell monolayers produced by the human adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. We previously identified genes associated with bacterial translocation through Caco-2 cell monolayers by analysing transposon insertion mutants with dramatically reduced penetration activity relative to that of the wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 strain. In this study, we focused on the dnaK mutant because the association between this gene and penetration activity is unknown. Inactivation of dnaK caused significant repression of bacterial penetration through Caco-2 cell monolayers, with decreased swimming, swarming and twitching motilities; bacterial adherence; and fly mortality rate; as well as dramatic repression of type III effector secretion and production of elastase and exotoxin A. However, type IV pilus protein PilA expression was not affected. These results suggest that dnaK is associated with bacterial motility and adherence, which are mediated by flagella and pili, and with toxin secretion, which plays a key role in the penetration of P. aeruginosa through Caco-2 cell monolayers. Inactivation of P. aeruginosa dnaK function may interfere with bacterial translocation and prevent septicaemia caused by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Okuda
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamane
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Syouya Nagata
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Chinami Kunikata
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Chigusa Suezawa
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Yasuda
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Kagawa, Japan
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48
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Antitumor activity of gemcitabine against high-grade meningioma in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90996-91008. [PMID: 29207619 PMCID: PMC5710900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no established therapeutic option for high-grade meningioma recurring after surgery and radiotherapy, and few chemotherapeutic agents are in development for the treatment of high-grade meningioma. Here in this study, we screened a panel of chemotherapeutic agents for their possible antitumor activity in high-grade meningioma and discovered that high-grade meningioma cells show a preferential sensitivity to antimetabolites, in particular, to gemcitabine. In vitro, gemcitabine inhibited the growth of high-grade meningioma cells effectively by inducing S-phase arrest and apoptotic cell death. In vivo, systemic gemcitabine chemotherapy suppressed not only tumor initiation but also inhibited the growth and achieved a long-term control of established tumors in xenograft models of high-grade meningioma. Histological analysis indicated that systemic gemcitabine blocks cell cycle progression and promotes apoptotic cell death in tumor cells in vivo. Together, our data demonstrate that gemcitabine exerts potent antitumor activity against high-grade meningioma through cytostatic and cytotoxic mechanisms. We therefore propose gemcitabine is a promising chemotherapeutic agent that warrants further investigation as a treatment option for high-grade meningioma.
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49
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Silva LN, Da Hora GCA, Soares TA, Bojer MS, Ingmer H, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS. Myricetin protects Galleria mellonella against Staphylococcus aureus infection and inhibits multiple virulence factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2823. [PMID: 28588273 PMCID: PMC5460262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen related to a variety of life-threatening infections but for which antimicrobial resistance is liming the treatment options. We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. Myricetin affects both surface proteins and secreted proteins which indicate that its action is unrelated to inhibition of the agr quorum sensing system. Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. Furthermore, Myr confers a significant degree of protection against staphylococcal infection in the Galleria mellonella model. The present findings reveal the potential of Myr as an alternative multi-target antivirulence candidate to control S. aureus pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - G C A Da Hora
- Departmento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - T A Soares
- Departmento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M S Bojer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1870, Denmark
| | - H Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1870, Denmark
| | - A J Macedo
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - D S Trentin
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre-RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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50
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Lee AHY, Flibotte S, Sinha S, Paiero A, Ehrlich RL, Balashov S, Ehrlich GD, Zlosnik JEA, Mell JC, Nislow C. Phenotypic diversity and genotypic flexibility of Burkholderia cenocepacia during long-term chronic infection of cystic fibrosis lungs. Genome Res 2017; 27:650-662. [PMID: 28325850 PMCID: PMC5378182 DOI: 10.1101/gr.213363.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic bacterial infections of the lung are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis patients. Tracking bacterial evolution during chronic infections can provide insights into how host selection pressures—including immune responses and therapeutic interventions—shape bacterial genomes. We carried out genomic and phenotypic analyses of 215 serially collected Burkholderia cenocepacia isolates from 16 cystic fibrosis patients, spanning a period of 2–20 yr and a broad range of epidemic lineages. Systematic phenotypic tests identified longitudinal bacterial series that manifested progressive changes in liquid media growth, motility, biofilm formation, and acute insect virulence, but not in mucoidy. The results suggest that distinct lineages follow distinct evolutionary trajectories during lung infection. Pan-genome analysis identified 10,110 homologous gene clusters present only in a subset of strains, including genes restricted to different molecular types. Our phylogenetic analysis based on 2148 orthologous gene clusters from all isolates is consistent with patient-specific clades. This suggests that initial colonization of patients was likely by individual strains, followed by subsequent diversification. Evidence of clonal lineages shared by some patients was observed, suggesting inter-patient transmission. We observed recurrent gene losses in multiple independent longitudinal series, including complete loss of Chromosome III and deletions on other chromosomes. Recurrently observed loss-of-function mutations were associated with decreases in motility and biofilm formation. Together, our study provides the first comprehensive genome-phenome analyses of B. cenocepacia infection in cystic fibrosis lungs and serves as a valuable resource for understanding the genomic and phenotypic underpinnings of bacterial evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Huei-Yi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephane Flibotte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Sunita Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Adrianna Paiero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rachel L Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Genomics Core Facility, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infection Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
| | - Sergey Balashov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Genomics Core Facility, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infection Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Genomics Core Facility, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infection Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
| | - James E A Zlosnik
- Centre for Preventing and Understanding Infection in Children, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Genomics Core Facility, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA.,Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infection Diseases, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
| | - Corey Nislow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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