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Hörner S, Knauer S, Uth C, Jöst M, Schmidts V, Frauendorf H, Thiele CM, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Nanoskalige, biologisch abbaubare organisch-anorganische Hybride für effiziente Zellaufnahme und Wirkstofftransport. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hörner
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Sascha Knauer
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Christina Uth
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Marina Jöst
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie; Georg-August Universität Göttingen; Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Christina Marie Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 16 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie; Technische Universität Darmstadt; Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4 64287 Darmstadt Deutschland
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Hörner S, Knauer S, Uth C, Jöst M, Schmidts V, Frauendorf H, Thiele CM, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Nanoscale Biodegradable Organic–Inorganic Hybrids for Efficient Cell Penetration and Drug Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14842-14846. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hörner
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sascha Knauer
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Christina Uth
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Marina Jöst
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Volker Schmidts
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Holm Frauendorf
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Georg-August Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Christina Marie Thiele
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 16 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Technische Universität Darmstadt Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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Zhang XG, Mason PW, Dubovi EJ, Xu X, Bourne N, Renshaw RW, Block TM, Birk AV. Antiviral activity of geneticin against dengue virus. Antiviral Res 2009; 83:21-7. [PMID: 19501253 PMCID: PMC2694137 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aminoglycoside, geneticin (G418), was recently shown to have antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Since BVDV, dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) all belong to the Flaviviridae family, it seemed possible that a common step in their life cycle might be affected by this aminoglycoside. Here it is shown that geneticin prevented the cytopathic effect (CPE) resulting from DENV-2 infection of BHK cells, in a dose-dependent manner with an 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) value of 3+/-0.4microg/ml. Geneticin had no detectable effect on CPE caused by YFV in BHK cells. Geneticin also inhibited DENV-2 viral yield with an EC(50) value of 2+/-0.1microg/ml and an EC(90) value of 20+/-2microg/ml. With a CC(50) value of 165+/-5microg/ml, the selectivity index of anti-DENV activity of geneticin in BHK cells was established to be 66. Furthermore, 25microg/ml of geneticin nearly completely blocked plaque formation induced by DENV-2, but not YFV. In addition, geneticin, inhibited DENV-2 viral RNA replication and viral translation. Gentamicin, kanamycin, and the guanidinylated geneticin showed no anti-DENV activity. Neomycin and paromomycin demonstrated weak antiviral activity at high concentrations. Finally, aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase activity of neomycin-resistant gene abolished antiviral activity of geneticin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchao G. Zhang
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
| | - Peter W. Mason
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Edward J. Dubovi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
| | - Nigel Bourne
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Randall W. Renshaw
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Timothy M. Block
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
| | - Alexander V. Birk
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
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Zhang XG, Mason PW, Dubovi EJ, Xu X, Bourne N, Renshaw RW, Block TM, Birk AV. Antiviral activity of geneticin against dengue virus. Antiviral Res 2009. [PMID: 19501253 PMCID: PMC2694137 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aminoglycoside, geneticin (G418), was recently shown to have antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Since BVDV, dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) all belong to the Flaviviridae family, it seemed possible that a common step in their life cycle might be affected by this aminoglycoside. Here it is shown that geneticin prevented the cytopathic effect (CPE) resulting from DENV-2 infection of BHK cells, in a dose-dependent manner with an 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) value of 3+/-0.4microg/ml. Geneticin had no detectable effect on CPE caused by YFV in BHK cells. Geneticin also inhibited DENV-2 viral yield with an EC(50) value of 2+/-0.1microg/ml and an EC(90) value of 20+/-2microg/ml. With a CC(50) value of 165+/-5microg/ml, the selectivity index of anti-DENV activity of geneticin in BHK cells was established to be 66. Furthermore, 25microg/ml of geneticin nearly completely blocked plaque formation induced by DENV-2, but not YFV. In addition, geneticin, inhibited DENV-2 viral RNA replication and viral translation. Gentamicin, kanamycin, and the guanidinylated geneticin showed no anti-DENV activity. Neomycin and paromomycin demonstrated weak antiviral activity at high concentrations. Finally, aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase activity of neomycin-resistant gene abolished antiviral activity of geneticin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchao G. Zhang
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
| | - Peter W. Mason
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Edward J. Dubovi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
| | - Nigel Bourne
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Randall W. Renshaw
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Timothy M. Block
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
| | - Alexander V. Birk
- Institute of Hepatitis and Viral Research, Drexel University College of Medicine, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA
- Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute for Hepatitis and Viral Research, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902. Phone: (215)489-4900. Fax: (215)489-4920. E-mail:
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Kelley JL. Chapter 12. Antiviral Agents. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2008; 19:117-126. [PMID: 32336813 PMCID: PMC7172521 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-7743(08)60688-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2024]
Abstract
This chapter discusses the agents with activity primarily against RNA viruses. The communicable diseases of the respiratory tract are probably the most common cause of symptomatic human infections. The viruses that are causative agents for human respiratory disease comprise the five taxonomically distinct families: orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, picornaviridae, coronaviridae, and adenoviridae. The influenza viruses, which consist of types A, B, and C, belong to the family orthomyxoviridae. Types A and B have been associated with significant increases in mortality during epidemics. The disease may be asymptomatic or cause symptoms ranging from the common cold to fatal pneumonia. Immunization against influenza has been recommended for high-risk groups and antiviral chemotherapy (amantadine) is available for the treatment and prophylaxis of all influenza A infections. There is both a great need for and interest in developing a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of these two viral, respiratory tract pathogens. The family picornaviridae contains the genus Rhinovirus that is composed of over a hundred distinct serotypes. Amantadine and rimantadine are specifically active against influenza A virus infections. The amantadine recipients reported a higher incidence of side effects largely attributed to the central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. This difference in side effects may be a pharmacokinetic phenomenon that results in higher plasma concentrations of amantadine. Significant progress continues to be made in the clinical use and development of agents active against DNA viruses. Acyclovir (9-(2-h droxyethoxymethyl)guanine) has been the subject of several reviews and of a syrnposium. Considerable progress has been made in evaluating the clinical promise of acyclovir; however, there remains much to be learned concerning the best use of this drug in clinical practice. Significant strides have been made in the development of clinically useful antiviral agents, especially against the DNA viruses of the herpes family. Most of these agents are directed against viral nucleic acid synthesis and require activation by a virus-induced thymidine kinase. Researchers have begun to focus on other strategies that may produce broader spectrum anti-viral agents with different mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Kelley
- Wellcome Research Laboratories, Burroughs Wellcome Co. Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
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Gatti PJ, Choi B, Haislip AM, Fermin CD, Garry RF. Inhibition of HIV type 1 production by hygromycin B. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1998; 14:885-92. [PMID: 9671217 DOI: 10.1089/aid.1998.14.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection alters the cellular uptake of ions and other small molecules. This study was designed to determine whether hygromycin B, a low molecular weight (MW 527) aminoglycoside protein synthesis inhibitor that is normally impermeable to mammalian cells at micromolar concentrations, can selectively inhibit HIV expression and cytopathology. CD4+ T lymphoblastoid cells (H9) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were infected with HIV-1, then incubated in medium containing various concentrations of hygromycin B. HIV-1-induced formation of multinucleated giant cells and single cell killing were dramatically reduced in the presence of micromolar concentrations of hygromycin B. Hygromycin B also inhibited HIV-1 production in a dose-dependent manner during acute infection. G418, a larger and more hydrophobic aminoglycoside (MW 692), did not display the same selective inhibition of HIV-1 production as hygromycin B. Relative to mock-infected cells, protein synthesis in acutely infected H9 cells was selectively inhibited by hygromycin B. Hygromycin B also reduced HIV production in PBMCs and in H9 cells persistently infected with HIV. PCR analysis demonstrated that hygromycin B did not inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcription. These results demonstrate that HIV-1 infection renders cells more sensitive to hygromycin B than uninfected cells, and provides support for the hypothesis that HIV-1 induces an alteration of plasma membrane permeability. The HIV-modified cell membrane may be a potential target for antiviral intervention and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Gatti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane Medical School, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
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Ro YT, Scheffter SM, Patterson JL. Hygromycin B resistance mediates elimination of Leishmania virus from persistently infected parasites. J Virol 1997; 71:8991-8. [PMID: 9371555 PMCID: PMC230199 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.12.8991-8998.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of pX63-HYG derivatives encoding Leishmania RNA virus 1-4 (LRV1-4) sequences were electroporated into cells of Leishmania strain M4147, a virus-infected strain of L. guyanensis. After 6 weeks of drug selection (hygromycin B), transfected parasites lacked detectable quantities of viral genomic double-stranded RNA, viral capsid protein, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) activity. Evidence of viral infection was not recovered upon removal of the drug. While viral RNA transcripts were produced from electroporated expression vectors, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR, viral antigens were not detected, suggesting that the antiviral effects of hygromycin B are mediated through translation inhibition. A short-term selection study suggests that the LRV1-4 elimination may not only be a function of hygromycin B as a protein synthesis inhibitor but also possibly related to the mechanism of hygromycin B resistance in Leishmania strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Ro
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas 78245-0549, USA
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Abstract
Animal viruses permeabilize cells at two well-defined moments during infection: (1) early, when the virus gains access to the cytoplasm, and (2) during the expression of the virus genome. The molecular mechanisms underlying both events are clearly different; early membrane permeability is induced by isolated virus particles, whereas late membrane leakiness is produced by newly synthesized virus protein(s) that possess activities resembling ionophores or membrane-active toxins. Detailed knowledge of the mechanisms, by which animal viruses permeabilize cells, adds to our understanding of the steps involved in virus replication. Studies on early membrane permeabilization give clues about the processes underlying entry of animal viruses into cells; understanding gained on the modification by viral proteins of membrane permeability during virus replication indicates that membrane leakiness is required for efficient virus release from infected cells or virus budding, in the case of enveloped viruses. In addition, the activity of these membrane-active virus proteins may be related to virus interference with host cell metabolism and with the cytopathic effect that develops after virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carrasco
- Centro de Biologia Molecular (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Picornaviruses are among the best understood animal viruses in molecular terms. A number of important human and animal pathogens are members of the Picornaviridae family. The genome organization, the different steps of picornavirus growth and numerous compounds that have been reported as inhibitors of picornavirus functions are reviewed. The picornavirus particles and several agents that interact with them have been solved at atomic resolution, leading to computer-assisted drug design. Picornavirus inhibitors are useful in aiding a better understanding of picornavirus biology. In addition, some of them are promising therapeutic agents. Clinical efficacy of agents that bind to picornavirus particles has already been demonstrated.
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Key Words
- picornavirus
- poliovirus
- antiviral agents
- drug design
- virus particles
- viral proteases
- 2′-5′a, ppp(a2′p5′a)na
- bfa, brefel a
- bfla1, bafilomycin a1
- dsrna, double-stranded rna
- emc, encephalomyocarditis
- fmdv, foot-and-mouth disease virus
- g413, 2-amino-5-(2-sulfamoylphenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
- hbb, 2-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole
- hiv, human immunodeficiency virus
- hpa-23, ammonium 5-tungsto-2-antimonate
- icam-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- ip3, inositol triphosphate
- m12325, 5-aminosulfonyl-2,4-dichorobenzoate
- 3-mq, 3-methyl quercetin
- ires, internal ribosome entry site
- l protein, leader protein
- rf, replicative form
- ri, rplicative intermediate
- rlp, ribosome landing pad
- sfv, semliki forest virus
- tofa, 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid
- vpg, viral protein bound to the genome
- vsv, vesicular stomatitis virus
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carrasco
- Centro de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Autonoma, Madrid, Spain
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Asselbergs FA, van Someren P. Increased susceptibility of transfected prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells to antibiotic selection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36:1782-4. [PMID: 1416866 PMCID: PMC192048 DOI: 10.1128/aac.36.8.1782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
At 39 to 40 degrees C, selection of antibiotic-resistant transfected mammalian cell lines or Escherichia coli required lower aminoglycoside antibiotic concentrations than at 37 degrees C. The thermosensitivity of antibiotic susceptibility was much more manifest during genetic selection experiments than in conventional growth inhibition assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Asselbergs
- Department of Biotechnology, Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Animal viruses modify membrane permeability during lytic infection. There is a co-entry of macromolecules and virion particules during virus penetration and a drastic change in transport and membrane permeability at the late stages of the lytic cycle. Both events are of importance to understand different molecular aspects of viral infection, as virus entry into the cell and the interference of virus infection with cellular metabolism. Other methods of cell permeabilization of potential relevance to understand the mechanism of viral damage of the membrane are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carrasco
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Autónoma and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Several potent and selective antiviral agents against herpes virus infections have been developed. However, the majority of compounds against other viral diseases has not yet reached such high standard. Based on progress in molecular virology it can, however, be anticipated that similar concepts of selective inhibition will also be developed for other virus groups. In addition to virus-induced enzymes, viral proteins other than enzymes with specific activities will be identified. The identification of active sites will lead to the design of new and specific inhibitors. Moreover, studies on the mode of action of the huge number of known antiviral compounds may provide the basis for new and potent approaches to specific virus chemotherapy. New inhibitors of viral replication may also be derived from 2'-5'A and other mediators of the interferon induced antiviral state. However, since 2'-5'A does not enter cells, is rapidly degraded by phosphodiesterases, and affects viral and cellular protein synthesis, only analogs which do not have these disadvantages may qualify as antiviral drugs. In addition to refinements at the molecular level quantitative assays for a better evaluation of antiviral agents for clinical use are required. For clinical trials, rapid diagnosis, early initiation of treatment, and quantitative evaluation of the antiviral effects of a drug need to be developed. Moreover, new methods of drug delivery and/or drug targeting will improve potency and selectivity of antiviral compounds. Drug carriers have already successfully been used in cancer therapy (Poste and Fidler, 1981) they should be also applicable to virus chemotherapy. Finally, a better understanding of the pathogenesis and the natural course of viral diseases will contribute to the development of more effective and safe antiviral agents.
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