1
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Singla A, Dadario NB, Singla A, Greenberg P, Yan R, Nanda A, Boison D, Malhotra R, Patel S, Nipun S, Maninderpal K, Castro D, Bdiiwi S, Boktor H, Kyi HH, Sutherland A, Patrawalla A, Ly K, Xie Y, Sonig A, Khandelwal P, Liu J, Koziol J, Finkle D, Subanna S, Libutti SK. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate outcomes with Aggrenox in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274243. [PMID: 36716303 PMCID: PMC9886260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an immunoinflammatory and hypercoagulable state that contributes to respiratory distress, multi-organ dysfunction, and mortality. Dipyridamole, by increasing extracellular adenosine, has been postulated to be protective for COVID-19 patients through its immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory, anti-coagulant, vasodilatory, and anti-viral actions. Likewise, low-dose aspirin has also demonstrated protective effects for COVID-19 patients. This study evaluated the effect of these two drugs formulated together as Aggrenox in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. METHODS In an open-label, single site randomized controlled trial (RCT), hospitalized COVID-19 patients were assigned to adjunctive Aggrenox (Dipyridamole ER 200mg/ Aspirin 25mg orally/enterally) with standard of care treatment compared to standard of care treatment alone. Primary endpoint was illness severity according to changes on the eight-point COVID ordinal scale, with levels of 1 to 8 where higher scores represent worse illness. Secondary endpoints included all-cause mortality and respiratory failure. Outcomes were measured through days 14, 28, and/or hospital discharge. RESULTS From October 1, 2020 to April 30, 2021, a total of 98 patients, who had a median [IQR] age of 57 [47, 62] years and were 53.1% (n = 52) female, were randomized equally between study groups (n = 49 Aggrenox plus standard of care versus n = 49 standard of care alone). No clinically significant differences were found between those who received adjunctive Aggrenox and the control group in terms of illness severity (COVID ordinal scale) at days 14 and 28. The overall mortality through day 28 was 6.1% (3 patients, n = 49) in the Aggrenox group and 10.2% (5 patients, n = 49) in the control group (OR [95% CI]: 0.40 [0.04, 4.01], p = 0.44). Respiratory failure through day 28 occurred in 4 (8.3%, n = 48) patients in the Aggrenox group and 7 (14.6%, n = 48) patients in the standard of care group (OR [95% CI]: 0.21 [0.02, 2.56], p = 0.22). A larger decrease in the platelet count and blood glucose levels, and larger increase in creatinine and sodium levels within the first 7 days of hospital admission were each independent predictors of 28-day mortality (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In this study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, while the outcomes of COVID illness severity, odds of mortality, and chance of respiratory failure were better in the Aggrenox group compared to standard of care alone, the data did not reach statistical significance to support the standard use of adjuvant Aggrenox in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nicholas B. Dadario
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ashima Singla
- Department of OBGYN, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Services Center (RUBIES), Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rachel Yan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Anil Nanda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Detlev Boison
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, UCSD, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Sunil Patel
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Suri Nipun
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kaur Maninderpal
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Castro
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sanaa Bdiiwi
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hala Boktor
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Htay Htay Kyi
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Anne Sutherland
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Amee Patrawalla
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Kevin Ly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yingda Xie
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ashish Sonig
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Priyank Khandelwal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - James Liu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Joseph Koziol
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Saint Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Diana Finkle
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Sara Subanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Steven K. Libutti
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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2
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de Mariz E Miranda LS. The synergy between nucleotide biosynthesis inhibitors and antiviral nucleosides: New opportunities against viral infections? Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200217. [PMID: 36122181 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
5'-Phosphorylated nucleoside derivatives are molecules that can be found in all living organisms and viruses. Over the last century, the development of structural analogs that could disrupt the transcription and translation of genetic information culminated in the development of clinically relevant anticancer and antiviral drugs. However, clinically effective broad-spectrum antiviral compounds or treatments are lacking. This viewpoint proposes that molecules that inhibit nucleotide biosynthesis may sensitize virus-infected cells toward direct-acting antiviral nucleosides. Such potentially synergistic combinations might allow the repurposing of drugs, leading to the development of new combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro S de Mariz E Miranda
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Biocatalysis and Organic Synthesis Group, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Recyclization of Maleimides by Binucleophiles as a General Approach for Building Hydrogenated Heterocyclic Systems. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165268. [PMID: 36014507 PMCID: PMC9416709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The building of heterocyclic systems containing hydrogenated fragments is an important step towards the creation of biologically-active compounds with a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. Among the numerous methods for creating such systems, a special place is occupied by processes using N-substituted maleimides as the initial substrate. This molecule easily reacts in Diels-Alder/retro-Diels-Alder reactions, Michael additions with various nucleophiles, and co-polymerization processes, as have been described in numerous detailed reviews. However, information on the use of maleimides in cascade heterocyclization reactions is currently limited. This study is devoted to a review and analysis of existing literature data on the processes of recyclization of N-substituted maleimides with various C,N-/N,N-/S,N-di- and polynucleophilic agents, such as amidines, guanidines, diamines, aliphatic ketazines, aminouracils, amino- and mercaptoazoles, aminothiourea, and thiocarbomoyl pyrazolines, among others. The significant structural diversity of the recyclization products described in this study illustrates the powerful potential of maleimides as a building block in the organic synthesis of biologically-active compounds with hydrogenated heterocyclic fragments.
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4
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Gao S, Huang T, Song L, Xu S, Cheng Y, Cherukupalli S, Kang D, Zhao T, Sun L, Zhang J, Zhan P, Liu X. Medicinal chemistry strategies towards the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:581-599. [PMID: 34485029 PMCID: PMC8405450 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapies are urgently needed to improve global treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Herein, we briefly provide a concise report on the medicinal chemistry strategies towards the development of effective SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors with representative examples in different strategies from the medicinal chemistry perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Tianguang Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Letian Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Yusen Cheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250012, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 531 88382005 (Peng Zhan), +86 531 88380270 (Xinyong Liu).
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan 250012, China,China-Belgium Collaborative Research Center for Innovative Antiviral Drugs of Shandong Province, Ji'nan 250012, China,Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 531 88382005 (Peng Zhan), +86 531 88380270 (Xinyong Liu).
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Khandelwal G, Ray A, Sethi S, Harikrishnan HK, Khandelwal C, Sadasivam B. COVID-19 and thrombotic complications-the role of anticoagulants, antiplatelets and thrombolytics. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3561-3567. [PMID: 34934647 PMCID: PMC8653484 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1297_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic the world is dealing with currently. Clinical evidences suggest that the patients are predisposed to both venous and arterial thrombotic complications. This is because of severe inflammatory responses, injury to endothelium and activation of platelets leading to increased coagulation. Additionally, individuals who are already receiving antithrombotic drug therapy for various cardiovascular diseases and complications might contract the disease in which case, attention should be given to the choice and duration of the therapy besides close monitoring of biochemical blood parameters. Herein, we review the incidences of thrombotic complications and their outcomes in COVID-19 patients as reported till date, while understanding the prophylactic and therapeutic roles of anticoagulants, antiplatelets and thrombolytics in the management of this severe viral respiratory illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Khandelwal
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Avik Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Samdish Sethi
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - H K Harikrishnan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Chaitanya Khandelwal
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Balakrishnan Sadasivam
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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6
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Mahmoudi Z, Ghasemzadeh MA, Kabiri-Fard H, Taghvaei Ganjali S. Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrimidoquinolinetriones and Pyridodipyrimidines in the Presence of Triethylenediamine-Based Ionic Liquid/MIL-101(Cr) Metal-Organic Framework Composite. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2005638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mahmoudi
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Hasan Kabiri-Fard
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Saeed Taghvaei Ganjali
- Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
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7
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Motta NAV, Autran LJ, Brazão SC, Lopes RDO, Scaramello CBV, Lima GF, Brito FCFD. Could cilostazol be beneficial in COVID-19 treatment? Thinking about phosphodiesterase-3 as a therapeutic target. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 92:107336. [PMID: 33418248 PMCID: PMC7768212 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has emerged and rapidly spread across the world. The COVID-19 severity is associated to viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary complications. Hyperinflammation, dysfunctional immune response and hypercoagulability state are associated to poor prognosis. Therefore, the repositioning of multi-target drugs to control the hyperinflammation represents an important challenge for the scientific community. Cilostazol, a selective phosphodiesterase type-3 inhibitor (PDE-3), is an antiplatelet and vasodilator drug, that presents a range of pleiotropic effects, such as antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective activities. Cilostazol also can inhibit the adenosine uptake, which enhances intracellular cAMP levels. In the lungs, elevated cAMP promotes anti-fibrotic, vasodilator, antiproliferative effects, as well as mitigating inflammatory events. Interestingly, a recent study evaluated antiplatelet FDA-approved drugs through molecular docking-based virtual screening on viral target proteins. This study revealed that cilostazol is a promising drug against COVID-19 by inhibiting both main protease (Mpro) and Spike glycoprotein, reinforcing its use as a promising therapeutic approach for COVID-19. Considering the complexity associated to COVID-19 pathophysiology and observing its main mechanisms, this article raises the hypothesis that cilostazol may act on important targets in development of the disease. This review highlights the importance of drug repurposing to address such an urgent clinical demand safely, effectively and at low cost, reinforcing the main pharmacological actions, to support the hypothesis that a multi-target drug such as cilostazol could play an important role in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alice Vieira Motta
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lis Jappour Autran
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Stephani Correia Brazão
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christianne Brêtas Vieira Scaramello
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ferreira Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carla Ferreira de Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 204-A, 24420-210 Niterói, RJ, Brazil,Corresponding author
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Aliter KF, Al-Horani RA. Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Dipyridamole in COVID-19 Patients. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:866-875. [PMID: 33001004 PMCID: PMC7990686 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201001125604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic is caused by coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The viral infection continues to impact the globe with no vaccine to prevent the infection or highly effective therapeutics to treat the millions of infected people around the world. The disease starts as a respiratory infection, yet it may also be associated with a hypercoagulable state, severe inflammation owing to excessive cytokines production, and a potentially significant oxidative stress. The disease may progress to multiorgan failure and eventually death. OBJECTIVE In this article, we summarize the potential of dipyridamole as an adjunct therapy for COVID-19. METHODS We reviewed the literature describing the biological activities of dipyridamole in various settings of testing. Data were retrieved from PubMed, SciFinder-CAS, and Web of Science. The review concisely covered relevant studies starting from 1977. RESULTS Dipyridamole is an approved antiplatelet drug, that has been used to prevent stroke, among other indications. Besides its antithrombotic activity, the literature indicates that dipyridamole also promotes a host of other biological activities including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant ones. CONCLUSION Dipyridamole may substantially help improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 treatment. The pharmacokinetics profile of the drug is well established which makes it easier to design an appropriate therapeutic course. The drug is also generally safe, affordable, and available worldwide. Initial clinical trials have shown a substantial promise for dipyridamole in treating critically ill COVID-19 patients, yet larger randomized and controlled trials are needed to confirm this promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholoud F. Aliter
- Department of Chemistry, School of STEM, Dillard University, New Orleans LA70122, USA
| | - Rami A. Al-Horani
- Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans LA70125, USA
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Sayahi MH, Saghanezhad SJ, Mostafa-Shehni L. One-pot Preparation of Novel 1,4-Dihydropyridines in the Presence of SBA-15-SO3H. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1785810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Saeidiroshan H, Moradi L. Efficient and green synthesis of dihydropyrimido[4,5‐
b
]quinolinetriones using MWCNTs@TEPA/Co (II) as a novel and eco‐friendly catalyst. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Saeidiroshan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Kashan P.O. Box 8731753153 Kashan Iran
| | - Leila Moradi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Kashan P.O. Box 8731753153 Kashan Iran
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Monier M, Abdel-Latif D, El-Mekabaty A, Elattar KM. Bicyclic 6 + 6 Systems: Advances in the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds Incorporated Pyrimido[1,2-a]Pyrimidine Skeleton. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190925161145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present review has highlighted the chemistry of pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine compounds as one of the most important classes of heterocyclic systems. The main sections include: (1) The synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines, (2) reactivity of the substituents attached to the carbon and nitrogen atoms of the ring and (3) biological applications. A discussion demonstrated that the proposed mechanisms of unexpected synthetic routes were intended. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the chemistry of pyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidines to date, in which the compounds should be widely applied in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry based on the significant, variable and potent biological results of pyrimidopyrimidine and pyridopyrimidine analogs. This survey will assist scientists in the organic and medicinal chemistry fields to design and develop procedures for the construction of new standard biological compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Monier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Doaa Abdel-Latif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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12
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DiNicolantonio JJ, Barroso-Aranda J. Harnessing adenosine A2A receptors as a strategy for suppressing the lung inflammation and thrombotic complications of COVID-19: Potential of pentoxifylline and dipyridamole. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:110051. [PMID: 32650197 PMCID: PMC7330590 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Counterproductive lung inflammation and dysregulated thrombosis contribute importantly to the lethality of advanced COVID-19. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), expressed by a wide range of immune cells, as well as endothelial cells and platelets, exert cAMP-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that potentially could be highly protective in this regard. The venerable drug pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects that reflect its ability to boost the responsiveness of A2AR to extracellular adenosine. The platelet-stabilizing drug dipyridamole (DIP) blocks intracellular uptake of extracellularly-generated adenosine, thereby up-regulating A2AR signaling in a way that should be functionally complementary to the impact of PTX in that regard. Moreover, DIP has recently been reported to slow the cellular replication of SARS-CoV-2 in clinically feasible concentrations. Both PTX and DIP are reasonably safe, well-tolerated, widely available, and inexpensive drugs. When COVID-19 patients can be treated within several days of symptom onset, using PTX + DIP in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and an antibiotic – azithromycin (AZM) or doxycycline – might be warranted. HCQ and AZM can suppress SARS-CoV-2 proliferation in vitro and may slow the cell-to-cell spread of the virus; a large case series evaluating this combination in early-stage patients reported an impressively low mortality rate. However, whereas HCQ and AZM can promote QT interval lengthening and may be contraindicated in more advanced COVID-19 entailing cardiac damage, doxycycline has no such effect and exerts a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory action. In contrast to HCQ, we propose that the combination of PTX + DIP can be used in both early and advanced stages of COVID-19. Concurrent use of certain nutraceuticals – yeast beta-glucan, zinc, vitamin D, spirulina, phase 2 inducers, N-acetylcysteine, glucosamine, quercetin, and magnesium – might also improve therapeutic outcomes in COVID-19.
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Liu X, Li Z, Liu S, Sun J, Chen Z, Jiang M, Zhang Q, Wei Y, Wang X, Huang YY, Shi Y, Xu Y, Xian H, Bai F, Ou C, Xiong B, Lew AM, Cui J, Fang R, Huang H, Zhao J, Hong X, Zhang Y, Zhou F, Luo HB. Potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with COVID-19. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1205-1215. [PMID: 32318327 PMCID: PMC7169892 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. Effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. In an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with COVID-19, we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of D-dimers was associated with disease severity. By virtual screening of a U.S. FDA approved drug library, we identified an anticoagulation agent dipyridamole (DIP) in silico, which suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In a proof-of-concept trial involving 31 patients with COVID-19, DIP supplementation was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of D-dimers (P < 0.05), increased lymphocyte and platelet recovery in the circulation, and markedly improved clinical outcomes in comparison to the control patients. In particular, all 8 of the DIP-treated severely ill patients showed remarkable improvement: 7 patients (87.5%) achieved clinical cure and were discharged from the hospitals while the remaining 1 patient (12.5%) was in clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Dawu County People's Hospital, Xiaogan 432826, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Infectious Disease and Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yinghua Wei
- Department of Infectious Disease and Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center for Innovative Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation (QNLM), School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yi-You Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinyi Shi
- Dawu County People's Hospital, Xiaogan 432826, China
| | - Yanhui Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Huifang Xian
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Changxing Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bei Xiong
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Andrew M. Lew
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia
| | - Jun Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rongli Fang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xuechuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Science, Innovation Center for Traditional Tibetan Medicine Modernization and Quality Control, Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (MOE), Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, Wuhan University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hai-Bin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding authors.
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14
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Martynov A, Bomko T, Nosalskaya T, Farber B, Brek O. Non-Classical Effects of the cAMP Accumulation Activators In Vivo. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:477-481. [PMID: 32665909 PMCID: PMC7335984 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Wound-healing dipyridamole- and papaverine-based aerosols (D1/D2) as activators of the accumulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate are promising drugs that can accelerate wound healing in wound processes of various origins. Methods: 128 rats were used in the study, including 38 in a pharmacological experiment on a model of stencil wounds and 90 in an experiment that studied the effect of spray on the number of CD34 cells in the blood of rats with chemically induced immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency was caused by the fivefold administration of cyclophosphamide and prednisone. The expression level of CD34 was determined using flow cytofluorimeter. Results: Dipyridamole- and papaverine-based aerosols of two compositions (with and without ascorbic acid) have pronounced reparative properties, significantly accelerating epithelialization and healing of stencil wounds in rats. In terms of this type of action, they are somewhat superior to dexpanthenol. Dipyridamole- and papaverine-based aerosols have the ability to produce beneficial effect on the entire body's immune system by stimulating the division of pluripotent CD34 cells. The combined effect of papaverine and dipyridamole on tissues leads to selective stimulation of the division of pluripotent cells in the wound, and contributes to a six-fold acceleration of restoration of the animal's immune system after induced immunodeficiency. Conclusion: Topical application of D1/D2 aerosol samples on the skin of rats contributed to a statistically significant acceleration of regeneration processes. In terms of the appearance of granulations and epithelialization of wounds, D1/D2 aerosols were superior to dexpanthenol ointment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Martynov
- Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Bomko
- Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Nosalskaya
- Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | | | - Ostap Brek
- Kharkiv National Medical University, 195-Moskovsky prospect, Kharkov, Ukraine
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15
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SAHİN K, DURDAGI S. Identifying the Novel Pyrimidine-Based CDK2 Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents Using Text-Mining and Combined Molecular Modeling Approaches. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.701243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Rogosnitzky M, Berkowitz E, Jadad AR. No Time to Waste: Real-World Repurposing of Generic Drugs as a Multifaceted Strategy Against COVID-19. JMIRX MED 2020; 1:e19583. [PMID: 33724265 PMCID: PMC7954442 DOI: 10.2196/19583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Real-world drug repurposing-the immediate "off-label" prescribing of drugs to address urgent clinical needs-is an indispensable strategy gaining rapid traction in the current COVID-19 crisis. Although off-label prescribing (ie, for a nonapproved indication) is legal in most countries, it tends to shift the burden of liability and cost to physicians and patients, respectively. Nevertheless, in urgent public health crises, it is often the only realistic source of a meaningful potential solution. To be considered for real-world repurposing, drug candidates should ideally have a track record of safety, affordability, and wide accessibility. Although thousands of such drugs are already available, the absence of a central repository of off-label uses presents a barrier to the immediate identification and selection of the safest, potentially useful interventions. Using the current COVID-19 pandemic as an example, we provide a glimpse at the extensive literature that supports the rationale behind six generic drugs, in four classes, all of which are affordable, supported by decades of safety data, and pleiotropically target the underlying pathophysiology that makes COVID-19 so dangerous. Having previously fast-tracked this paper to publication in summary form, we now expand on why cimetidine/famotidine (histamine type-2 receptor antagonists), dipyridamole (antiplatelet agent), fenofibrate/bezafibrate (cholesterol/triglyceride-lowering agents), and sildenafil (phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor) are worth considering for patients with COVID-19 based on their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, renoprotective, cardioprotective, and anticoagulation properties. These examples also reveal the unlimited opportunity to future-proof public health by proactively mining, synthesizing, and cataloging the off-label treatment opportunities of thousands of safe, well-established, and affordable generic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandro R Jadad
- Program in Impactful Giving Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto, ON Canada
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17
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Mirhosseini‐Eshkevari B, Ghasemzadeh MA, Esnaashari M, Ganjali ST. Introduction of a Novel Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Incorporated in UiO‐66 Nanocages for the Efficient Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐d]Pyrimidines. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boshra Mirhosseini‐Eshkevari
- Department of ChemistryNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran 1913674711 I. R. Iran
- Department of ChemistryQom BranchIslamic Azad University Qom 37491-13191 I. R. Iran
| | | | - Manzarbanoo Esnaashari
- Department of ChemistryNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran 1913674711 I. R. Iran
| | - Saeed Taghvaei Ganjali
- Department of ChemistryNorth Tehran BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran 1913674711 I. R. Iran
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18
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Thomé MP, Borde C, Larsen AK, Henriques JAP, Lenz G, Escargueil AE, Maréchal V. Dipyridamole as a new drug to prevent Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. Antiviral Res 2019; 172:104615. [PMID: 31580916 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a widely distributed gamma-herpesvirus that has been associated with various cancers mainly from lymphocytic and epithelial origin. Although EBV-mediated oncogenesis has been associated with viral oncogenes expressed during latency, a growing set of evidence suggested that antiviral treatments directed against EBV lytic phase may contribute to prevent some forms of cancers, including EBV-positive Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Diseases. It is shown here that dipyridamole (DIP), a safe drug with favorable and broad pharmacological properties, inhibits EBV reactivation from B-cell lines. DIP repressed immediate early and early genes expression mostly through its ability to inhibit nucleoside uptake. Considering its wide clinical use, DIP repurposing could shortly be evaluated, alone or in combination with other antivirals, to treat EBV-related diseases where lytic replication plays a deleterious role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos P Thomé
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.
| | - Chloé Borde
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Annette K Larsen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Joao A P Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias Do Sul (UCS), Caxias Do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Guido Lenz
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Vincent Maréchal
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.
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19
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Monier M, Abdel-Latif D, El-Mekabaty A, Elattar KM. Bicyclic 6 + 6 systems: the chemistry of pyrimido[4,5- d]pyrimidines and pyrimido[5,4- d]pyrimidines. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30835-30867. [PMID: 35558733 PMCID: PMC9092567 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study provides an overview of the chemistry and biological significance of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine and pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrimidine analogs as types of bicyclic [6 + 6] systems. The main sections include: (1) synthesis methods; (2) the reactivities of the substituents linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms; and (3) biological applications. A discussion demonstrating the proposed mechanisms of unexpected synthetic routes is intended. The aim of this study is to discuss the synthetic significance of the titled compounds and to establish the biological characteristics of this class of compounds as studied to date, where the compounds have been applied on a large scale in the medical and pharmaceutical fields. This survey will help researchers in the fields of synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry to undertake and improve new approaches for the construction of new standard biological components.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monier
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University Yanbu Al-Bahr Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
| | - Doaa Abdel-Latif
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University Yanbu Al-Bahr Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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20
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Sayahi MH, Bahadorikhalili S, Saghanezhad SJ, Miller MA, Mahdavi M. Sulfonic acid-functionalized poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) mesoporous graphene oxide hybrid for one-pot preparation of coumarin-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-dione derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Green and rapid synthesis of dihydropyrimido [4,5‐
b
]quinolinetrione derivatives using CoFe
2
O
4
@PPA as high efficient solid acidic catalyst under ultrasonic irradiation. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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EL-Mahdy AFM, El-Sherief HAH, Hozien ZA. Convenient One-Pot Four-Component Synthesis of 6,8-Disubstituted-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones via a Triple Mannich Reaction. Aust J Chem 2019; 72:542. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and simple one-pot four-component protocol has been developed and performed for the synthesis of 6,8-disubstituted-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones, involving a triple Mannich reaction of 6-amino-2-(ethylthio)pyrimidin-4(3H)-one, formaldehyde, primary amines, and alcohols. Secondary amines were also utilised instead of alcohols as Mannich nucleophiles, and a variety of functional groups and electronically varied reaction partners were tolerated. This one-pot reaction facilitated the generation of a library of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones in very good to excellent yields. The regioselectivity of this reaction was investigated using atomic charge calculations, and spectroscopic data confirmed that the triple Mannich products were 6,8-disubstituted-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones rather than the isomeric 3,6-disubstituted-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones. The structures of all compounds synthesised using the triple Mannich reaction were confirmed via spectroscopic and elemental analyses. The reaction mechanism was studied and confirmed by isolation of the intermediate.
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23
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Verma K, Tailor YK, Khandelwal S, Agarwal M, Rushell E, Kumari Y, Awasthi K, Kumar M. An efficient and environmentally sustainable domino protocol for the synthesis of structurally diverse spiroannulated pyrimidophenazines using erbium doped TiO 2 nanoparticles as a recyclable and reusable heterogeneous acid catalyst. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30430-30440. [PMID: 35546857 PMCID: PMC9085390 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally sustainable domino protocol has been presented for the synthesis of structurally diverse spiroannulated pyrimidophenazines involving a four component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, benzene-1,2-diamine, cyclic ketones and amino derivatives in the presence of erbium doped TiO2 nanoparticles as a recyclable and reusable heterogeneous acid catalyst. The present synthetic protocol features mild reaction conditions with operational simplicity, excellent yield with high purity, short reaction time and high atom economy with the use of a recoverable and reusable environmentally sustainable heterogeneous catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | | | | | - Monu Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Esha Rushell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
| | - Yogita Kumari
- Soft Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India
| | - Kamlendra Awasthi
- Soft Materials Lab, Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur India
| | - Mahendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan Jaipur India
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24
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Nikoofar K, Heidari H, Shahedi Y. Investigation the catalytic activity of nanofibrillated and nanobacterial cellulose sulfuric acid in synthesis of dihydropyrimidoquinolinetriones. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Patil KT, Warekar PP, Patil PT, Undare SS, Kolekar GB, Anbhule PV. P2O5Mediated an Efficient Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Heterocyclic-fused Pyrimidine Derivatives as an Antitubercular Agent. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti T. Patil
- Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - Poojali P. Warekar
- Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - Priyanka T. Patil
- Department of Agrochemicals and Pest Management; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - Santosh S. Undare
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - Govind B. Kolekar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
| | - Prashant V. Anbhule
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Chemistry; Shivaji University; Kolhapur India
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26
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Uncatalyzed synthesis of new substituted dihydro-2H-dipyrimido[1,2-a,4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-017-2868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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27
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Multi-Component synthesis and computational studies of three novel thio-barbituric acid carbohydrate derivatives. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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28
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Gasparyan SP, Alexanyan MV, Harutyunyan GK, Martirosyan AH, Stepanyan HM, Muradyan RE, Tamazyan RA, Ayvazyan AG. Synthesis of 10-(R-benzoyl)-2,4-dimethyl-6-(R-phenyl)-8,9-dihydropyrimido[5,4-e]pyrrolo[1,2-c]pyrimidine-1,3(2H,4H)-diones and 2,4-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-6λ4-pyrimido[5,4-d]pyrrolo- [1,2-b][1,2,6]thiadiazine-1,3,6(2H,4H,8H)-trione. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428016090177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Rimaz M, Khalafy J, Mousavi H. A green organocatalyzed one-pot protocol for efficient synthesis of new substituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidinones using a Biginelli-like reaction. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2588-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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30
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Iodine/Water Mediated Parallel Synthesis of Bioactive Diversely Substituted Pyrazolo-Pyrido-Pyrimidines and Its Spiro Analogues: An Enviro-Economic Approach. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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32
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Dommaraju Y, Bora S, Prajapati D. A facile approach to the synthesis of structurally diverse 6,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives via a three-component domino reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:9181-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01484k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A concise and efficient approach to the synthesis of structurally diverse 6,8a-dihydropyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been accomplished for the first-time by a three-component reaction involving alkylsulfonyl acetonitrile, an aromatic aldehyde, and 6-aminouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuvaraj Dommaraju
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
| | - Shruti Bora
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
| | - Dipak Prajapati
- Medicinal Chemistry Division
- CSIR-North-East Institute of Science and Technology
- Jorhat
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research
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33
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A green multicomponent synthesis of bioactive pyrimido[4,5-b]quinoline derivatives as antibacterial agents in water catalyzed by RuCl3·xH2O. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Satasia SP, Kalaria PN, Raval DK. Catalytic regioselective synthesis of pyrazole based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-diones and their biological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:1751-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42132e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Hamama WS, Ismail MA, Al-Saman HA, Zoorob HH. Facile construction of substituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidones by transformation of enaminouracil. J Adv Res 2013; 4:115-21. [PMID: 25685408 PMCID: PMC4265671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reaction of 6-amino-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (1) as a binucleophile with primary aromatic or heterocyclic amines and formaldehyde or aromatic (heterocyclic) aldehydes in a molar ratio (1:1:2) gave the pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-dione ring systems 2–5. Treatment of 1 with diamines and formalin in molar ratio (2:1:4) gave the bis-pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diones 6–8. Furthermore, substituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diones with uracil derivative 11 or spiro indole 16 were synthesized. Synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2,4-diones with different substitution at C-5 and C-7 was achieved to give 13 and 18, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa S Hamama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanaa A Al-Saman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanafi H Zoorob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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Gore S, Baskaran S, Koenig B. Synthesis of Pyrimidopyrimidinediones in a Deep Eutectic Reaction Mixture. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Gore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, India, Fax: (+91)‐44‐2257‐0545; phone: (+91)‐44‐2257‐4218
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐941‐943‐1717; phone: (+49)‐941‐943‐4576
| | - Sundarababu Baskaran
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai – 600036, India, Fax: (+91)‐44‐2257‐0545; phone: (+91)‐44‐2257‐4218
| | - Burkhard Koenig
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany, Fax: (+49)‐941‐943‐1717; phone: (+49)‐941‐943‐4576
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37
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Chebanov VA, Sakhno YI, Desenko SM. High regioselective ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of 2,7-diaryl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2012; 19:707-709. [PMID: 21900031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
New and high regioselective method of the synthesis of 2,7-diaryl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids by reaction of 3-aryl-5-aminopyrazoles with arylidenpyruvic acid at room temperature under ultrasonication was developed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin A Chebanov
- SSI, Institute for Single Crystals, NAS of Ukraine, Lenin Ave 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine.
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38
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Muravyova EA, Desenko SM, Rudenko RV, Shishkina SV, Shishkin OV, Sen’ko YV, Vashchenko EV, Chebanov VA. Switchable selectivity in multicomponent heterocyclizations of acetoacetamides, aldehydes, and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles/5-aminopyrazoles. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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El-Moghazy SM, Ibrahim DA, Abdelgawad NM, Farag NAH, El-Khouly AS. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine CDK2 Inhibitors as Anti-Tumor Agents. Sci Pharm 2011; 79:429-47. [PMID: 21886895 PMCID: PMC3163380 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1103-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 2,5,7-trisubstituted pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK2) inhibitors is designed and synthesized. 6-Amino-2-thiouracil is reacted with an aldehyde and thiourea to prepare the pyrimido[4,5-d]-pyrimidines. Alkylation and amination of the latter ones give different amino derivatives. These compounds show potent and selective CDK inhibitory activities and inhibit in vitro cellular proliferation in cultured human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir M El-Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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40
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Arya AK, Kumar M. Base catalyzed multicomponent synthesis of spiroheterocycles with fused heterosystems. Mol Divers 2011; 15:781-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-011-9309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Imani Shakibaei G, Feiz A, Reza Khavasi H, Abolhasani Soorki A, Bazgir A. Simple three-component method for the synthesis of spiroindeno[1,2-b]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5,3'-indolines. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2011; 13:96-9. [PMID: 21247132 DOI: 10.1021/co1000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient, simple, and catalyst-free synthesis of spiroindeno[1,2-b]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5,3'-indolines and spiroacenaphthylene-1,4'-indeno-1,5'-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines by the three-component reaction of 1,3-indandione, amino uracils and isatins or acenaphthylene-1,2-dione in refluxing ethanol is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Afsaneh Feiz
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khavasi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Abolhasani Soorki
- Research Institute of Petroleum, Academic Center of Education, Culture & Research, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayoob Bazgir
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, General Campus, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Mosslemin MH, Nateghi MR. Rapid and efficient synthesis of fused heterocyclic pyrimidines under ultrasonic irradiation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2010; 17:162-167. [PMID: 19679502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Some fused heterocyclic pyrimidines have been synthesized in high yields using ultrasound irradiation in a one-pot, three-component and efficient process by condensation reaction of barbituric acids, aldehydes and a series of enamines in water. Prominent among the advantages of this new method are operational simplicity, good yields in short reaction times and easy work-up procedures employed.
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43
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Mishra A, Awate R, Soni N, Mishra N, Soni R, Sharma P. Synthesis and Characterization of Transition Metal (Cu, Co, Fe) Complexes of 6-Methyl-5-arylhydrazono-2-thio-4-oxo-pyrimidine Ligand. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500802534275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mishra
- a School of Physics , Devi Ahilya University , Indore, India
| | - Ruchita Awate
- a School of Physics , Devi Ahilya University , Indore, India
| | - Namrata Soni
- a School of Physics , Devi Ahilya University , Indore, India
| | - Niyati Mishra
- a School of Physics , Devi Ahilya University , Indore, India
| | - Ritu Soni
- a School of Physics , Devi Ahilya University , Indore, India
| | - P. Sharma
- b School of Chemical Science , Devi Ahilya University , Indore, India
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Ghahremanzadeh R, Sayyafi M, Ahadi S, Bazgir A. Novel One-Pot, Three-Component Synthesis of Spiro[Indoline-pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine]trione Library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 11:393-6. [DOI: 10.1021/cc8001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ghahremanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sayyafi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Ahadi
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayoob Bazgir
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., P.O. Box 19396-4716, Tehran, Iran
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45
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Davarani SSH, Fumani NS, Vahidi S, Tabatabaei MA, Arvin-Nezhad H. Electro-organic synthesis of new pyrimidine and uracil derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Bazgir A, Khanaposhtani MM, Soorki AA. One-pot synthesis and antibacterial activities of pyrazolo[4′,3′:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-dione derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:5800-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Revised: 08/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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47
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Salem MAI, Madkour HMF, Marzouk MI, Azab ME, Mahmoud NFH. Pyrimidinthiones (Part I): Utility of 2-Thioxopyrimidin-6-(1H)ones as Ring Transformer in the Synthesis of Fused Bi- and Tri-Cyclic Heterocyclic Compounds and Their Potential Biological Activities. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500801967963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. I. Salem
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H. M. F. Madkour
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. I. Marzouk
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M. E. Azab
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N. F. H. Mahmoud
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Ain Shams University , Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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49
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Bazgir A, Dabiri M, Cobra Azimi S, Arvin-Nezhad H. An Efficient Three-Component, One-Pot Synthesis of New Pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones. HETEROCYCLES 2008. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-11182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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50
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A facile three-components, one-pot synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,5-dione derivatives under microwave-assisted conditions. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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