1
|
Yacoub HA, Mahmoud MM, Al-Hejin AM, Abujamel TS, Tabrez S, Abd-Elmaksoud S. Effect of Nk-lysin peptides on bacterial growth, MIC, antimicrobial resistance, and viral activities. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2290520. [PMID: 38100547 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2290520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
NK-lysins from chicken, bovine and human are used as antiviral and antibacterial agents. Gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms, including Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella oxytoca, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhimurium, are susceptible to NK-lysin treatment. The presence of dominant TEM-1 gene was noted in all untreated and treated bacteria, while TOHO-1 gene was absent in all bacteria. Importantly, β-lactamase genes CTX-M-1, CTX-M-8, and CTX-M-9 genes were detected in untreated bacterial strains; however, none of these were found in any bacterial strains following treatment with NK-lysin peptides. NK-lysin peptides are also used to test for inhibition of infectivity, which ranged from 50 to 90% depending on NK-lysin species. Chicken, bo vine and human NK-lysin peptides are demonstrated herein to have antibacterial activity and antiviral activity against Rotavirus (strain SA-11). On the basis of the comparison between these peptides, potent antiviral activity of bovine NK-lysin against Rotavirus (strain SA-11) is particularly evident, inhibiting infection by up to 90%. However, growth was also significantly inhibited by chicken and human NK-lysin peptides, restricted by 80 and 50%, respectively. This study provided a novel treatment using NK-lysin peptides to inhibit expression of β-lactamase genes in β-lactam antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A Yacoub
- Cell Biology Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maged Mostafa Mahmoud
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
| | - Ahmed M Al-Hejin
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S Abujamel
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Regerenative Medicine Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA)
| | - Sherif Abd-Elmaksoud
- Environmental Virology Laboratory, Water Pollution Research Department, Environmental Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tadesse BT, Keddy KH, Rickett NY, Zhusupbekova A, Poudyal N, Lawley T, Osman M, Dougan G, Kim JH, Lee JS, Jeon HJ, Marks F. Vaccination to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance Burden-Data Gaps and Future Research. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S597-S607. [PMID: 38118013 PMCID: PMC10732565 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an immediate danger to global health. If unaddressed, the current upsurge in AMR threatens to reverse the achievements in reducing the infectious disease-associated mortality and morbidity associated with antimicrobial treatment. Consequently, there is an urgent need for strategies to prevent or slow the progress of AMR. Vaccines potentially contribute both directly and indirectly to combating AMR. Modeling studies have indicated significant gains from vaccination in reducing AMR burdens for specific pathogens, reducing mortality/morbidity, and economic loss. However, quantifying the real impact of vaccines in these reductions is challenging because many of the study designs used to evaluate the contribution of vaccination programs are affected by significant background confounding, and potential selection and information bias. Here, we discuss challenges in assessing vaccine impact to reduce AMR burdens and suggest potential approaches for vaccine impact evaluation nested in vaccine trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | - Nimesh Poudyal
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Trevor Lawley
- Wellcome Sanger Institute and Microbiotica, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Majdi Osman
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome H Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon Jin Jeon
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Florian Marks
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Madagascar Institute for Vaccine Research, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
dos Santos AMP, Panzenhagen P, Ferrari RG, de Jesus ACS, Portes AB, Ochioni AC, Rodrigues DDP, Conte-Junior CA. Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Isangi: A Global Perspective of a Rare Serovar. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1309. [PMID: 37627729 PMCID: PMC10451742 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Isangi is an infrequent serovar that has recently been reported in several countries due to nosocomial infections. A considerable number of reports indicate Salmonella Isangi multidrug resistance, especially to cephalosporins, which could potentially pose a risk to public health worldwide. Genomic analysis is an excellent tool for monitoring the emergence of microorganisms and related factors. In this context, the aim of this study was to carry out a genomic analysis of Salmonella Isangi isolated from poultry in Brazil, and to compare it with the available genomes from the Pathogen Detection database and Sequence Read Archive. A total of 142 genomes isolated from 11 different countries were investigated. A broad distribution of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes was identified in the Salmonella Isangi genomes examined (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-2, blaDHA-1, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48, blaSCO-1, blaSHV-5, blaTEM-131, blaTEM-1B), primarily in South Africa. Resistome analysis revealed predicted resistance to aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, macrolide, tetracycline, trimethoprim, phenicol, chloramphenicol, and quaternary ammonium. Additionally, PMQR (plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance) genes qnr19, qnrB1, and qnrS1 were identified, along with point mutations in the genes gyrAD87N, gyrAS83F, and gyrBS464F, which confer resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. With regard to plasmids, we identified 17 different incompatibility groups, including IncC, Col(pHAD28), IncHI2, IncHI2A, IncM2, ColpVC, Col(Ye4449), Col156, IncR, IncI1(Alpha), IncFIB (pTU3), Col(B5512), IncQ1, IncL, IncN, IncFIB(pHCM2), and IncFIB (pN55391). Phylogenetic analysis revealed five clusters grouped by sequence type and antimicrobial gene distribution. The study highlights the need for monitoring rare serovars that may become emergent due to multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Mota Pereira dos Santos
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.P.d.S.); (R.G.F.); (A.C.S.d.J.); (A.B.P.); (A.C.O.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PGHIGVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24230-340, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pedro Panzenhagen
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.P.d.S.); (R.G.F.); (A.C.S.d.J.); (A.B.P.); (A.C.O.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaela G. Ferrari
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.P.d.S.); (R.G.F.); (A.C.S.d.J.); (A.B.P.); (A.C.O.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S. de Jesus
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.P.d.S.); (R.G.F.); (A.C.S.d.J.); (A.B.P.); (A.C.O.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Portes
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.P.d.S.); (R.G.F.); (A.C.S.d.J.); (A.B.P.); (A.C.O.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PGHIGVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24230-340, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alan Clavelland Ochioni
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.P.d.S.); (R.G.F.); (A.C.S.d.J.); (A.B.P.); (A.C.O.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (A.M.P.d.S.); (R.G.F.); (A.C.S.d.J.); (A.B.P.); (A.C.O.); (C.A.C.-J.)
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PGHIGVET), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói 24230-340, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vilela FP, Rodrigues DDP, Allard MW, Falcão JP. The rare Salmonella enterica serovar Isangi: genomic characterization of the antimicrobial resistance, virulence potential and epidemiology of Brazilian strains in comparison to global isolates. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37462464 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Salmonella enterica serovar Isangi (S. Isangi) is a rare non-typhoidal serovar, related to invasive nosocomial infections in various countries and to increasing antimicrobial resistance rates.Gap statement. Despite existing reports on S. Isangi, there is a lack of information of specific traits regarding this serovar, which could be improved through genomic analyses.Aim. Our goals were to characterize the antimicrobial resistance, virulence potential and genomic relatedness of 11 S. Isangi strains from Brazil in comparison to 185 genomes of global isolates using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data.Methodology. Phenotypic resistance was determined by disc-diffusion. The search for resistance genes, plasmids, prophages, Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) and virulence genes, plus multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and core-genome MLST (cgMLST) were performed using WGS.Results. Brazilian S. Isangi strains showed phenotypic resistance to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and streptomycin, and harboured antimicrobial resistance [qnrB19, aac(6')-Iaa, mdsAB] and heavy metal tolerance (arsD, golST) genes. Col(pHAD28) and IncFII(S) plasmids, virulence genes related to adherence, macrophage induction, magnesium uptake, regulation and type III secretion systems, 12 SPIs and eight prophages were detected. The 185 additional global genomes analysed harboured resistance genes against 11 classes of antimicrobial compounds, 22 types of plasmids, 32 prophages, 14 SPIs, and additional virulence genes related to serum resistance, stress adaptation and toxins. Sequence type (ST)216 was assigned to genomes from Brazil and other countries, while ST335 was the most frequent ST, especially among South African genomes. cgMLST showed that Brazilian genomes were more closely related to genomes from European and African countries, the USA and Taiwan, while the majority of South African genomes were more closely related among each other.Conclusion. The presence of S. Isangi strains from Brazil and different countries showing a close genomic correlation, antimicrobial resistance profiles to drugs used in human therapy and a large number of virulence determinants reinforced the need for stronger initiatives to monitor rare non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars such as S. Isangi in order to prevent its dissemination among human and non-human sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Pinheiro Vilela
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marc William Allard
- Division of Microbiology, Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Juliana Pfrimer Falcão
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - USP, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genetic and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Mammary Pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) Isolates from Bovine Clinical Mastitis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121435. [PMID: 36558768 PMCID: PMC9781227 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) is one of the main pathogens of environmental origin responsible for causing clinical mastitis worldwide. Even though E. coli are strongly associated with transient or persistent mastitis and the economic impacts of this disease, the virulence factors involved in the pathogenesis of MPEC remain unknown. Our aim was to characterize 110 MPEC isolates obtained from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis, regarding the virulence factor-encoding genes present, adherence patterns on HeLa cells, and antimicrobial resistance profile. The MPEC isolates were classified mainly in phylogroups A (50.9%) and B1 (38.2%). None of the isolates harbored genes used for diarrheagenic E. coli classification, but 26 (23.6%) and 4 (3.6%) isolates produced the aggregative or diffuse adherence pattern, respectively. Among the 22 genes investigated, encoding virulence factors associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli pathogenesis, fimH (93.6%) was the most frequent, followed by traT (77.3%) and ompT (68.2%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed six pulse-types with isolates obtained over time, thus indicating persistent intramammary infections. The genes encoding beta-lactamases detected were as follows: blaTEM (35/31.8%); blaCTX-M-2/blaCTX-M-8 (2/1.8%); blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 (1/0.9%); five isolates were classified as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. As far as we know, papA, shf, ireA, sat and blaCTX-M-8 were detected for the first time in MPEC. In summary, the genetic profile of the MPEC studied was highly heterogeneous, making it impossible to establish a common genetic profile useful for molecular MPEC classification. Moreover, the detection of ESBL-producing isolates is a serious public health concern.
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Gallas N, Belghouthi K, Barratt NA, Ghedira K, Hotzel H, Tomaso H, El-Adawy H, Neubauer H, Laouini D, Zarrouk S, Abbassi MS, Aissa RB. Identification and characterization of multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica serovars Kentucky and Typhimurium isolated in Tunisia CTX-M-61/TEM-34, a novel cefotaxime-hydrolysing β-lactamase of Salmonella. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:279-289. [PMID: 34252258 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) among Salmonella Kentucky and Typhimurium isolates: partial sequence analysis of the types of β-lactamases found in these isolates, clonality, resistance and supposed emergence of ESBL-producing strains. METHODS AND RESULTS A retrospective study surveyed the ESBLs occurring in a total of 1404 Salmonella Kentucky and Typhimurium isolates collected over a 5-year period in Tunisia. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests, ESBL phenotype determination (double-disc synergy) were performed. Polymerase chain reaction assays were used for the detection of β-lactamase genes (blaTEM , blaSHV , blaOXA-1 and blaCTX-M ), class 1 and class 2 integrases (intI1 and intI2) and the 3' conserved segment (3'-CS) of class 1 integron (qacEΔ1+sul1). Sequencing of amplicons of β-lactamase genes was performed. Percentage of 9.8 of the isolates (S. Kentucky = 117, S. Typhimurium = 20) were either resistant to penicillin and had decreased susceptibility to cefotaxime or had a positive double-disc synergy test result. Polymerase chain reaction detected that these isolates harboured one or more β-lactamase genes (blaTEM , blaSHV , blaOXA-1 or blaCTX-M ). TEM-1, TEM-34, CTX-M15, CTX-M9 and CTX-M61 type ESBLs were identified through sequencing. The novel Salmonella cefotaxime-hydrolysing β-lactamase, CTX-M61/TEM-34, detected in this study showed the emergence of new CTX-M-type ESBLs in Tunisia. There were found 33 different multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns. CONCLUSION These findings highlighted the proliferation of ESBLs and MDR in Salmonella Kentucky and Typhimurium isolates from numerous regions and sources in Tunisia, indicating an emerging public health concern. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY For the first time CTX-M-61/TEM-34, a novel cefotaxime-hydrolysing β-lactamase of Salmonella had been detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazek Al-Gallas
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hafar Al-Batin (UHB), City Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia.,Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Belghouthi
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.,Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Kais Ghedira
- Group of Bioinformatics and Mathematical Modeling, Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnologies and Biomolecules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Helmut Hotzel
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Herbert Tomaso
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Hosny El-Adawy
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Dhafer Laouini
- Laboratory of Transmission, Control and Immunobiology of Infections, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sinda Zarrouk
- Genomics Platform, Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT), Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha Ben Aissa
- Water and Food Control Lab, National Center of Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio-Enteropathogens - Institut Pasteur de Tunis (IPT) Tunis-Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghosh KK, Janecko N, Agunos A, Deckert A, Reid-Smith RJ, Gow S, Rubin JE. Evaluation of selective media in antimicrobial surveillance programs capturing broad-spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from chickens at slaughter. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2021; 62:608-610. [PMID: 34219768 PMCID: PMC8118181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance surveillance targeting agricultural animals is practiced in many countries but does not often include media selective for cephalosporin resistance. Here, we compared the frequency of recovery of resistant Escherichia coli using selective and non-selective media from the cecal contents of 116 chickens collected by the Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS). Third generation cephalosporin resistance was detected in 24 samples including 12, 10, and 2 on selective, non-selective, and both media, respectively. Isolates producing the CTX-M-1 ESBL were grown from 11 samples, 10 on selective medium only. Our results suggest that current surveillance approaches underestimate the true prevalence of resistance to critically important antimicrobials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazal K Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology (Ghosh, Rubin), Department of Large Animal Medicine (Gow), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Janecko, Agunos, Deckert, Reid-Smith)
| | - Nicol Janecko
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology (Ghosh, Rubin), Department of Large Animal Medicine (Gow), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Janecko, Agunos, Deckert, Reid-Smith)
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology (Ghosh, Rubin), Department of Large Animal Medicine (Gow), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Janecko, Agunos, Deckert, Reid-Smith)
| | - Anne Deckert
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology (Ghosh, Rubin), Department of Large Animal Medicine (Gow), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Janecko, Agunos, Deckert, Reid-Smith)
| | - Richard J Reid-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology (Ghosh, Rubin), Department of Large Animal Medicine (Gow), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Janecko, Agunos, Deckert, Reid-Smith)
| | - Sheryl Gow
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology (Ghosh, Rubin), Department of Large Animal Medicine (Gow), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Janecko, Agunos, Deckert, Reid-Smith)
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology (Ghosh, Rubin), Department of Large Animal Medicine (Gow), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Laboratory for Foodborne Zoonoses, 160 Research Lane, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5B2 (Janecko, Agunos, Deckert, Reid-Smith)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mejía L, Medina JL, Bayas R, Salazar CS, Villavicencio F, Zapata S, Matheu J, Wagenaar JA, González-Candelas F, Vinueza-Burgos C. Genomic Epidemiology of Salmonella Infantis in Ecuador: From Poultry Farms to Human Infections. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:547891. [PMID: 33134346 PMCID: PMC7550756 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.547891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens around the world. In the last years, S. enterica serovar Infantis has become an important emerging pathogen in many countries, often as multidrug resistant clones. To understand the importance of S. enterica in the broiler industry in Ecuador, we performed a study based on phenotypic and WGS data of isolates from poultry farms, chicken carcasses and humans. We showed a high prevalence of S. enterica in poultry farms (41.4%) and chicken carcasses (55.5%), but a low prevalence (1.98%) in human samples. S. Infantis was shown to be the most prevalent serovar with a 98.2, 97.8, and 50% in farms, foods, and humans, respectively, presenting multidrug resistant patterns. All sequenced S. Infantis isolates belonged to ST32. For the first time, a pESI-related megaplasmid was identified in Ecuadorian samples. This plasmid contains genes of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and environmental stress tolerance. Genomic analysis showed a low divergence of S. Infantis strains in the three analyzed components. The results from this study provide important information about genetic elements that may help understand the molecular epidemiology of S. Infantis in Ecuador.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mejía
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador.,Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis Medina
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Rosa Bayas
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carolina Satan Salazar
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública "Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez", Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando Villavicencio
- Centro de Referencia Nacional de Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública "Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez", Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sonia Zapata
- Instituto de Microbiología, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Matheu
- Department of Food Safety and Zoonoses, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jaap A Wagenaar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR), Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Fernando González-Candelas
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Joint Research Unit "Infection and Public Health" FISABIO-University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) in Epidemiology and Public Health, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencia a los Antimicrobianos (UNIETAR), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma N, Singh V, Pandey AK, Mishra BN, Kulsoom M, Dasgupta N, Khan S, El-Enshasy HA, Haque S. Preparation and Evaluation of the ZnO NP-Ampicillin/Sulbactam Nanoantibiotic: Optimization of Formulation Variables Using RSM Coupled GA Method and Antibacterial Activities. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E764. [PMID: 31766572 PMCID: PMC6995637 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) possessing antibacterial activity represent an effective way of overcoming bacterial resistance. In the present work, we report a novel formulation of a nanoantibiotic formed using Ampicillin/sulbactam (Ams) and a zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NP). 'ZnO NP-Ams' nanoantibiotic formulation is optimized using response surface methodology coupled genetic algorithm approach. The optimized formulation of nanoantibiotic (ZnO NP: 49.9 μg/mL; Ams: 33.6 μg/mL; incubation time: 27 h) demonstrated 15% enhanced activity compared to the unoptimized formulation against K. pneumoniae. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was directly proportional to the interaction time of nanoantibiotic and K. pneumoniae after the initial lag phase of ~18 h as evident from 2'-7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate assay. A low minimum inhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL) of nanoantibiotic formulation reveals that even a low concentration of nanoantibiotic can prove to be effective against K. pneumoniae. The importance of nanoantibiotic formulation is also evident by the fact that the 100 μg/mL of Ams and 25 µg of ZnO NP was required individually to inhibit the growth of K. pneumonia, whereas only 6.25 μg/mL of optimized nanoantibiotic formulation (ZnO NP and Ams in the ratio of 49.9: 33.6 in μg/mL and conjugation time of 27 h) was needed for the same.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (V.S.); (A.K.P.); (B.N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (V.S.); (A.K.P.); (B.N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Asheesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (V.S.); (A.K.P.); (B.N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Bhartendu Nath Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (V.S.); (A.K.P.); (B.N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Maria Kulsoom
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (V.S.); (A.K.P.); (B.N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Sitapur Road, Lucknow-226021, Uttar Pradesh, India; (N.S.); (V.S.); (A.K.P.); (B.N.M.); (M.K.); (N.D.)
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dental Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il-2440, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham A. El-Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan-45142, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ngaiganam EP, Pagnier I, Chaalal W, Leangapichart T, Chabou S, Rolain JM, Diene SM. Investigation of urban birds as source of β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria in Marseille city, France. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:51. [PMID: 31672159 PMCID: PMC6822345 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0486-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigate here the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from stool samples of yellow-legged gulls and chickens (n = 136) in urban parks and beaches of Marseille, France. Bacterial isolation was performed on selective media, including MacConkey agar with ceftriaxone and LBJMR medium. Antibiotic resistance genes, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) (i.e. blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV), carbapenemases (blaKPC, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-48 and blaOXA-58) and colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 to mcr-5) were screened by real-time PCR and standard PCR and sequenced when found. Results Of the 136 stools samples collected, seven ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria (BGN) and 12 colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were isolated. Among them, five ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and eight colistin-resistant Hafnia alvei strains were identified. Four blaTEM-1 genes were detected in yellow-legged gulls and chickens. Three CTX-M-15 genes were detected in yellow-legged gulls and pigeons, and one CTX-M-1 in a yellow-legged gull. No mcr-1 to mcr-5 gene were detected in colistin-resistant isolates. Genotyping of E. coli strains revealed four different sequence types already described in humans and animals and one new sequence type. Conclusions Urban birds, which are believed to have no contact with antibiotics appear as potential source of ESBL genes. Our findings highlight the important role of urban birds in the proliferation of multidrug-resistant bacteria and also the possible zoonotic transmission of such bacteria from wild birds to humans.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghosh KK, Lebert LA, McEwen SA, Reid-Smith RJ, Deckert AE, Agunos A, Reid MA, Rubin JE. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Chickens Raised in Small Flocks in Ontario, Canada. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:1250-1256. [PMID: 31158059 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-producing animals are recognized to play a role in the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Canada. However, the presence of resistant organisms in particular groups of animals, such as chickens raised in small-holder flocks, has not been studied. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to identify and characterize Escherichia coli possessing broad-spectrum β-lactamase genes among a collection of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant isolates recovered from 205 small flocks in southern Ontario. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL; CTX-M-1) positive strains were isolated from 26 out of 205 flocks (12.7%), whereas 39 strains possessing AmpC (CMY-2) were grown from 31 out of 205 flocks (15.1%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed that the isolates were genetically heterogeneous. Further testing by multi-locus sequence typing confirmed that none of the PFGE-defined clusters belonged to ST131. Our results suggest that the dissemination of this resistance in bacteria isolated from chickens in small-holder flocks may be associated with the spread of plasmids rather than particular E. coli clones and that these isolates do not possess the ESBL types most commonly associated with human infections (CTX-M-15).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazal K Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Lindsey A Lebert
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Scott A McEwen
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Richard J Reid-Smith
- Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Anne E Deckert
- Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - Agnes Agunos
- Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, Centre for Foodborne Environmental Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada
| | - M Alexandra Reid
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Guelph, Canada
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vinueza-Burgos C, Ortega-Paredes D, Narváez C, De Zutter L, Zurita J. Characterization of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farms in Ecuador. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0207567. [PMID: 30951531 PMCID: PMC6450624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern. Up to a 160% increase in antibiotic usage in food animals is expected in Latin American countries. The poultry industry is an increasingly important segment of food production and contributor to AR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, AR patterns and the characterization of relevant resistance genes in Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC-producing E. coli from large poultry farms in Ecuador. Sampling was performed from June 2013 to July 2014 in 6 slaughterhouses that slaughter broilers from 115 farms totaling 384 flocks. Each sample of collected caeca was streaked onto TBX agar supplemented with cefotaxime (3 mg/l). In total, 176 isolates were analyzed for AR patterns by the disk diffusion method and for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY, blaSHV, blaKPC, and mcr-1 by PCR and sequencing. ESBL and AmpC E. coli were found in 362 flocks (94.3%) from 112 farms (97.4%). We found that 98.3% of the cefotaxime-resistant isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics. Low resistance was observed for ertapenem and nitrofurantoin. The most prevalent ESBL genes were the ones belonging to the blaCTX-M group (90.9%), specifically the blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-3 alleles. Most of the AmpC strains presented the blaCMY-2 gene. Three isolates showed the mcr-1 gene. Poultry production systems represent a hotspot for AR in Ecuador, possibly mediated by the extensive use of antibiotics. Monitoring this sector in national and regional plans of AR surveillance should therefore be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vinueza-Burgos
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencias a los Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - David Ortega-Paredes
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencias a los Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita&Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cristian Narváez
- Unidad de Investigación de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Alimentos y Resistencias a los Antibióticos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jeannete Zurita
- Unidad de Investigaciones en Biomedicina, Zurita&Zurita Laboratorios, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vinueza-Burgos C, Baquero M, Medina J, De Zutter L. Occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 299:1-7. [PMID: 30933685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella is a common foodborne pathogen in the poultry production systems. Its presence in this food industry is determined by the fact that it can survive and pass throughout the different steps in the poultry production. In this study we aimed to study the occurrence, genotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella collected from the broiler production chain within an integrated poultry company. Three hundred fourteen samples were collected in the feeding plant, farms and the slaughterhouse. Samples were cultured for Salmonella isolation according to the ISO6579/Amd 1. Isolates were further typed by Kauffmann-White scheme and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Antimicrobial resistance to 11 antimicrobials was studied by disk diffusion tests and sequencing of ESBL genes. From the collected samples 70 (22%) were found to be Salmonella positive. The lowest Salmonella rates were found in feed samples while in farm and slaughterhouse samples Salmonella presence ranged from 5% to 88%. S. Infantis was the most common serotype (94%, 66/70). PFGE demonstrated that isolates belonged to 11 genotypes. Some genotypes were continuously identified throughout the production chain. 97% of the isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial. Moreover, all S. Infantis isolates and one auto-agglutinable isolate showed resistance to at least 6 antimicrobials. 30 and 8 isolates were positive to blaCTX-M-65 and blaCTX-M-14 genes respectively. No blaKPC resistance genes were identified in any isolate. This study highlights the predominance of S. Infantis in the integrated poultry company. Genotypes showed that cross-contamination between stages of poultry production can occur, stressing the importance of implementing good hygiene practices in every level of the production. Moreover, multidrug resistance patterns and the presence of important ESBL genes have public health implications that need to be deeply discussed with a one health approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Baquero
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Medina
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nawfal Dagher T, Al-Bayssari C, Chabou S, Antar N, Diene SM, Azar E, Rolain JM. Investigation of multidrug-resistant ST2 Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from Saint George hospital in Lebanon. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:29. [PMID: 30710998 PMCID: PMC6359860 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen causing various nosocomial infections. The spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii is a major public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology and the genetic support of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates collected from Saint-Georges Hospital in Lebanon. METHODS Between January and August 2016, 31 A. baumannii isolates were collected from sputum samples of patients infected with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and treated with colistin-carbapenem combination therapy. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Carbapenemases, extended spectrum β-lactamases encoding genes and mcr-1/2 genes were investigated by RT-PCR and standard PCR. The epidemiological relatedness of the strains was studied using MLST analysis. RESULTS Most of the isolates exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. All the isolates were carbapenem-resistant and among them, 30 carried the class D carbapenemase blaoxa-23 gene while one isolate carried blaoxa-72 gene. MLST results revealed three sequence types, namely ST2, ST699, and ST627. Isolates having ST2 were the most prevalent clone (29/31, 93.5%). CONCLUSIONS This study shows a nosocomial spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii ST2 having blaOXA-23 gene in Saint-George in Lebanon. Monitoring and control measures need to be adopted to avoid the spread of A. baumannii to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Nawfal Dagher
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, Cedex 05, France.,Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Selma Chabou
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, Cedex 05, France
| | - Nadine Antar
- Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Seydina M Diene
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, Cedex 05, France
| | - Eid Azar
- Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 19-21 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille, Cedex 05, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dlamini BS, Montso PK, Kumar A, Ateba CN. Distribution of virulence factors, determinants of antibiotic resistance and molecular fingerprinting of Salmonella species isolated from cattle and beef samples: suggestive evidence of animal-to-meat contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32694-32708. [PMID: 30244441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three hundred presumptive Salmonella strains isolated from cattle faeces and raw beef samples were subjected to both preliminary and confirmatory tests specific for Salmonella. PCR assays revealed that 100%, 20% and 26.7% of the isolates were positive for 16S rRNA, fliC and fljB gene fragments, respectively. Large proportions (62.4 to 94.3%) of these isolates were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) strains that were resistant to three or more antibiotics belonging to different classes. MAR phenotypes Ab1, Ab2, Ab3, Ab7, Ab8, Ab9, Ab26 and Ab27 were dominant among the isolates. Cluster analysis of antibiotic inhibition zone diameter data revealed two major clusters (clusters 1 and 2), and each cluster contained two sub-clusters (1A, 1B, 2A and 2B). PCR data revealed that 27.1% and 30.7% of the isolates possessed the spvC and invA virulent genes, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the possession of MAR phenotypes and virulent gene determinants. Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 16S rRNA gene fragments using EcoRI and HaeIII showed that large proportions of isolates from beef and cattle faeces produced similar genetic fingerprints. From these results, it is suggested that Salmonella species in cattle are transmitted to beef and, therefore, the consumption of undercooked beef could pose severe health complications on consumers. These findings provide baseline data that could be of great epidemiological importance and, thus, the need to utilise more sensitive typing tools in determining the genetic relatedness of isolates from different sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beauty Sicelo Dlamini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Peter Kotsoana Montso
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Collins Njie Ateba
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yousfi H, Hadjadj L, Dandachi I, Lalaoui R, Merah A, Amoura K, Dahi A, Dekhil M, Messalhi N, Diene SM, Baron S, Rolain JM. Colistin- and Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical_Isolates: Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:258-263. [PMID: 30256174 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of colistin and carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 strains. The three K. pneumoniae carried blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-183, and blaSHV-106 genes and two coharbored blaOXA-48. As for colistin resistance, the isolates had amino acid substitutions in PmrA/B and a truncated mgrB gene in one isolate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Yousfi
- 1 Aix Marseille University , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Linda Hadjadj
- 1 Aix Marseille University , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Iman Dandachi
- 1 Aix Marseille University , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- 1 Aix Marseille University , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Adil Merah
- 2 Microbiology Department, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria
| | - Kamel Amoura
- 2 Microbiology Department, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria .,3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria
| | - Ahlem Dahi
- 2 Microbiology Department, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria .,3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria
| | - Mazouz Dekhil
- 2 Microbiology Department, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria .,3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria
| | - Naima Messalhi
- 2 Microbiology Department, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria .,3 Department of Infectious Diseases, Annaba University Hospital , Annaba, Algeria
| | - Seydina M Diene
- 1 Aix Marseille University , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Baron
- 1 Aix Marseille University , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- 1 Aix Marseille University , IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Mediterranean Infection, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Coertze RD, Bezuidenhout CC. The prevalence and diversity of AmpC β-lactamase genes in plasmids from aquatic systems. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 2017:603-611. [PMID: 29851413 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence and diversity of AmpC β-lactamase and integrase genes among DNA (genomic and plasmid) from bacterial populations in selected aquatic systems. Following an enrichment step, DNA was isolated and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digital droplet PCR. The intI1 gene and AmpC β-lactamase genes were present in genomic and plasmid DNA from all sites in the Mooi, Crocodile and Marico Rivers, with the exception of intI1 in the Marico River. Digital droplet PCR demonstrated that copy numbers varied considerably (0.0 to 29.38 copies per picogram of DNA). Some samples in which ampC was not detected, intI1 was present. Amplicons of ampC genes were subjected to restriction digest using HindIII. Samples where the restriction markers were absent were purified by cloning followed by plasmid extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing of individual AmpC gene fragments. Phylogenetic analysis identified all positive AmpC genes as Class C β-lactamases, comprising of ampC, CMY- and ACT-families. Detecting AmpC and intl1 genes on plasmids suggests a high risk of horizontal gene transfer and potential dissemination of these and other antibiotic resistance genes surrounding immediate aquatic environments. Consequences of β-lactamase diversity in aquatic ecosystems are relatively unexplored in South African aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roelof Dirk Coertze
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management: Microbiology, North-West University: Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| | - Cornelius Carlos Bezuidenhout
- Unit for Environmental Science and Management: Microbiology, North-West University: Potchefstroom Campus, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saravanan M, Ramachandran B, Barabadi H. The prevalence and drug resistance pattern of extended spectrum β–lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae in Africa. Microb Pathog 2018; 114:180-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
19
|
Bachiri T, Lalaoui R, Bakour S, Allouache M, Belkebla N, Rolain JM, Touati A. First Report of the Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Escherichia coli ST405 Isolated from Wildlife in Bejaia, Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 24:890-895. [PMID: 29227182 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to screen for the presence of mcr-1 gene in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) in Algeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January to April 2016, a total of 86 fresh stool samples from Barbary macaques were collected in the Toudja forest (Bejaia, Algeria). After isolation, the isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was determined by E-test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to identify mcr-1gene. The sequence type (ST) was done using multilocus sequence typing. Phylogenetic groups of Escherichia coli and the presence of virulence genes were determined by PCR. Transfer of mcr-1 and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes was assessed by conjugation and transformation experiments. RESULTS E. coli M076 isolate was found resistant to colistin with a MIC of 4 mg/L and to other antibiotic families, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. PCR and sequencing revealed that this isolate harbored the mcr-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, and qnrB19 genes. This isolate was assigned to ST405, belonged to phylogroup D, and contains only one virulence gene fyuA (siderophore uptake receptor). Neither transconjugants nor transformants were obtained for this isolate. CONCLUSION In this study, we report the detection of mcr-1 gene producing E. coli from wild animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taous Bachiri
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria .,2 Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Rym Lalaoui
- 2 Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- 2 Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Meriem Allouache
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Nadia Belkebla
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Jean Marc Rolain
- 2 Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université , Marseille, France
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- 1 Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Musicha P, Cornick JE, Bar-Zeev N, French N, Masesa C, Denis B, Kennedy N, Mallewa J, Gordon MA, Msefula CL, Heyderman RS, Everett DB, Feasey NA. Trends in antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infection isolates at a large urban hospital in Malawi (1998-2016): a surveillance study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:1042-1052. [PMID: 28818544 PMCID: PMC5610140 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background Bacterial bloodstream infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, yet few facilities are able to maintain long-term surveillance. The Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme has done sentinel surveillance of bacteraemia since 1998. We report long-term trends in bloodstream infection and antimicrobial resistance from this surveillance. Methods In this surveillance study, we analysed blood cultures that were routinely taken from adult and paediatric patients with fever or suspicion of sepsis admitted to Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi from 1998 to 2016. The hospital served an urban population of 920 000 in 2016, with 1000 beds, although occupancy often exceeds capacity. The hospital admits about 10 000 adults and 30 000 children each year. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done by the disc diffusion method according to British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy guidelines. We used the Cochran-Armitage test for trend to examine trends in rates of antimicrobial resistance, and negative binomial regression to examine trends in icidence of bloodstream infection over time. Findings Between Jan 1, 1998, and Dec 31, 2016, we isolated 29 183 pathogens from 194 539 blood cultures. Pathogen detection decreased significantly from 327·1/100 000 in 1998 to 120·2/100 000 in 2016 (p<0·0001). 13 366 (51·1%) of 26 174 bacterial isolates were resistant to the Malawian first-line antibiotics amoxicillin or penicillin, chloramphenicol, and co-trimoxazole; 68·3% of Gram-negative and 6·6% of Gram-positive pathogens. The proportions of non-Salmonella Enterobacteriaceae with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or fluoroquinolone resistance rose significantly after 2003 to 61·9% in 2016 (p<0·0001). Between 2003 and 2016, ESBL resistance rose from 0·7% to 30·3% in Escherichia coli, from 11·8% to 90·5% in Klebsiella spp and from 30·4% to 71·9% in other Enterobacteriaceae. Similarly, resistance to ciprofloxacin rose from 2·5% to 31·1% in E coli, from 1·7% to 70·2% in Klebsiella spp and from 5·9% to 68·8% in other Enterobacteriaceae. By contrast, more than 92·0% of common Gram-positive pathogens remain susceptible to either penicillin or chloramphenicol. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was first reported in 1998 at 7·7% and represented 18·4% of S aureus isolates in 2016. Interpretation The rapid expansion of ESBL and fluoroquinolone resistance among common Gram-negative pathogens, and the emergence of MRSA, highlight the growing challenge of bloodstream infections that are effectively impossible to treat in this resource-limited setting. Funding Wellcome Trust, H3ABionet, Southern Africa Consortium for Research Excellence (SACORE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Musicha
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jennifer E Cornick
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Naor Bar-Zeev
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Neil French
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Clemens Masesa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Brigitte Denis
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Neil Kennedy
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi; Queen's University, Belfast, UK
| | - Jane Mallewa
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Melita A Gordon
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chisomo L Msefula
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dean B Everett
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicholas A Feasey
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Blantyre, Malawi; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) infections in Africa cause an enormous burden of illness. These infections are often devastating, with mortality estimated at 20%, even with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Two major groups-young children and HIV-infected adults-suffer the great majority of these infections. In children, younger age itself, as well as malaria, malnutrition, and HIV infection, are prominent risk factors. In adults, HIV infection is by far the most important risk factor. The most common serotypes in invasive infections are Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium and Enteritidis. In recent years, a specific strain of Salmonella Typhimurium, multilocus sequence type 313, has caused epidemics of invasive disease. Little is known about risk factors for exposure to NTS, making the design of rational interventions to decrease exposure difficult. Antimicrobial therapy is critically important for treatment of invasive NTS infections. Thus, the emergence and spread of resistance to agents commonly used for treatment of invasive NTS infection, now including third-generation cephalosporins, is an ominous development. Already, many invasive NTS infections are essentially untreatable in many health care facilities in sub-Saharan Africa. Several candidate vaccines are in early development and, if safe and effective, could be promising. Interventions to prevent exposure to NTS (e.g., improved sanitation), to prevent the occurrence of disease if exposure does occur (e.g., vaccination, malaria control), and to prevent severe disease and death in those who become ill (e.g., preserving antimicrobial effectiveness) are all important in reducing the toll of invasive NTS disease in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
|
22
|
Djeffal S, Bakour S, Mamache B, Elgroud R, Agabou A, Chabou S, Hireche S, Bouaziz O, Rahal K, Rolain JM. Prevalence and clonal relationship of ESBL-producing Salmonella strains from humans and poultry in northeastern Algeria. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:132. [PMID: 28506272 PMCID: PMC5433073 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1050-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to investigate Salmonella contamination in broiler chicken farms and slaughterhouses, to assess the antibiotic resistance profile in avian and human Salmonella isolates, and to evaluate the relationship between avian and human Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates. Salmonella was screened in different sample matrices collected at thirty-two chicken farms and five slaughterhouses. The human isolates were recovered from clinical specimens at the University Teaching Hospital of Constantine (UTH). All suspected colonies were confirmed by MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time OF light) and serotyped. Susceptibility testing against 13 antibiotics including, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ticarcillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, aztreonam, imipenem, ertapenem, gentamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, colistin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and fosfomycin, was performed using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. ESBL-production was screened by the double-disk synergy test and confirmed by molecular characterization using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification and sequencing of ESBL encoding genes. Clonality of the avian and human strains was performed using the Multi Locus Sequencing Typing method (MLST). RESULTS Forty-five isolated avian Salmonella strains and 37 human collected ones were studied. Five S. enterica serotypes were found in avian isolates (mainly Kentucky) and 9 from human ones (essentially Infantis). 51.11% and 26.6% of the avian isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime, respectively, whereas human isolates were less resistant to these antibiotics (13.5% to ciprofloxacin and 16.2% to cefotaxime). Eighteen (12 avian and 6 human) strains were found to produce ESBLs, which were identified as bla CTX-M-1 (n = 12), bla CTX-M-15 (n = 5) and bla TEM group (n = 8). Interestingly, seven of the ESBL-producing strains (5 avian and 2 human) were of the same ST (ST15) and clustered together, suggesting a common origin. CONCLUSION The results of the combined phenotypic and genotypic analysis found in this study suggest a close relationship between human and avian strains and support the hypothesis that poultry production may play a role in the spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in the human community within the study region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samia Djeffal
- GSPA research Laboratory (Management of Animal Health and Productions), Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.,Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, University Chadli Bendjedid, Eltarf, Algeria.,Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bakir Mamache
- Institute of Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences, University Hadj Lakhdar, Batna, Algeria
| | - Rachid Elgroud
- GSPA research Laboratory (Management of Animal Health and Productions), Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Amir Agabou
- PADESCA Research Laboratory, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Frères Mentouri, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Selma Chabou
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sana Hireche
- GSPA research Laboratory (Management of Animal Health and Productions), Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Omar Bouaziz
- GSPA research Laboratory (Management of Animal Health and Productions), Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kheira Rahal
- Pasteur Institute, Medical Bacteriology Service, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiao J, Zhang Q, Alali WQ, Wang J, Meng L, Xiao Y, Yang H, Chen S, Cui S, Yang B. Characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Salmonella in retail raw chicken carcasses. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 248:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
24
|
Fyhrquist P, Virjamo V, Hiltunen E, Julkunen-Tiitto R. Epidihydropinidine, the main piperidine alkaloid compound of Norway spruce (Picea abies) shows promising antibacterial and anti-Candida activity. Fitoterapia 2017; 117:138-146. [PMID: 28163074 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study reports for the first time promising antibacterial and antifungal effects of epidihydropinidine, the major piperidine alkaloid in the needles and bark of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karsten. Epidihydropinidine was growth inhibitory against all bacterial and fungal strains used in our investigation, showing the lowest MIC value of 5.37μg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Candida glabrata and C. albicans. Epidihydropinidine was nearly three times more active than tetracycline against P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis. Promising antibacterial effects were also recorded against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus (MIC 10.75μg/mL) as well as against Salmonella enterica (MIC and MBC 43μg/mL). Our preliminary results suggest that epidihydropinidine as well related alkaloids of Norway spruce could be powerful candidates for new antibiotics and for preventing food spoilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pia Fyhrquist
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Virpi Virjamo
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Eveliina Hiltunen
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Eguale T, Birungi J, Asrat D, Njahira MN, Njuguna J, Gebreyes WA, Gunn JS, Djikeng A, Engidawork E. Genetic markers associated with resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from humans and animals in central Ethiopia. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:13. [PMID: 28105330 PMCID: PMC5240271 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beta-lactam and quinolone antimicrobials are commonly used for treatment of infections caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) and other pathogens. Resistance to these classes of antimicrobials has increased significantly in the recent years. However, little is known on the genetic basis of resistance to these drugs in Salmonella isolates from Ethiopia. Methods Salmonella isolates with reduced susceptibility to beta-lactams (n = 43) were tested for genes encoding for beta-lactamase enzymes, and those resistant to quinolones (n = 29) for mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) as well as plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes using PCR and sequencing. Results Beta-lactamase genes (bla) were detected in 34 (79.1%) of the isolates. The dominant bla gene was blaTEM, recovered from 33 (76.7%) of the isolates, majority being TEM-1 (24, 72.7%) followed by TEM-57, (10, 30.3%). The blaOXA-10 and blaCTX-M-15 were detected only in a single S. Concord human isolate. Double substitutions in gyrA (Ser83-Phe + Asp87-Gly) as well as parC (Thr57-Ser + Ser80-Ile) subunits of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) were detected in all S. Kentucky isolates with high level resistance to both nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Single amino acid substitutions, Ser83-Phe (n = 4) and Ser83-Tyr (n = 1) were also detected in the gyrA gene. An isolate of S. Miami susceptible to nalidixic acid but intermediately resistant to ciprofloxacin had Thr57-Ser and an additional novel mutation (Tyr83-Phe) in the parC gene. Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes investigated were not detected in any of the isolates. In some isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic acid, no mutations in QRDR or PMQR genes were detected. Over half of the quinolone resistant isolates in the current study 17 (58.6%) were also resistant to at least one of the beta-lactam antimicrobials. Conclusion Acquisition of blaTEM was the principal beta-lactamase resistance mechanism and mutations within QRDR of gyrA and parC were the primary mechanism for resistance to quinolones. Further study on extended spectrum beta-lactamase and quinolone resistance mechanisms in other gram negative pathogens is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tadesse Eguale
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Josephine Birungi
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P O Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Asrat
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Avenue, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Moses N Njahira
- ICIPE-African Insect Science for Food and Health, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyce Njuguna
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P O Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wondwossen A Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - John S Gunn
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Biomedical Research Tower, 460 West 12th, Columbus, OH 432101214 USA
| | - Appolinaire Djikeng
- Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute (BecA-ILRI) Hub, P O Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Churchill Avenue, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fernandes SA, Camargo CH, Francisco GR, Bueno MFC, Garcia DO, Doi Y, Casas MRT. Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-2-Producing Salmonella Serotypes from Clinical and Nonhuman Isolates in Brazil. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:580-589. [PMID: 27828759 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) enzymes among Salmonella strains isolated in Brazil from 2009 to 2014. Salmonella recovered from both clinical and nonhuman (food, poultry, and environment) sources were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. β-lactamases genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction/sequencing; plasmid profiles and transferability were assessed by S1-pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Genetic diversity was evaluated by XbaI-PFGE. Out of 630 Salmonella strains screened, 46 displayed ESBL phenotype, distributed across 11 different serotypes. blaCTX-M-8 and blaCTX-M-2 genes were detected at frequencies of 47% and 41%, respectively. blaSHV-5 and blaSHV-2 were also detected but in lower frequencies (4%, 2%). blaTEM-1 gene was detected in 22% of the strains. Most of the ESBL genes were transferable by conjugation, and the respective blaESBL gene was detected in the recipient strain, indicating the location of ESBL determinants on transferable plasmids. XbaI-PFGE revealed genomic diversity of Salmonella Typhimurium bearing blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaTEM-1, and blaSHV-2 genes. Salmonella Muenchen (harboring blaCTX-M-2) and Salmonella Corvallis (blaCTX-M-8 and blaSHV-5) showed clonal relatedness within respective serotypes. Our findings underscore the occurrence of diverse ESBL genes in several Salmonella serotypes, reinforcing the need for continuous surveillance of resistance genes circulating in human and nonhuman sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yohei Doi
- 2 Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bouguenoun W, Bakour S, Bentorki AA, Al Bayssari C, Merad T, Rolain JM. Molecular epidemiology of environmental and clinical carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli from hospitals in Guelma, Algeria: Multiple genetic lineages and first report of OXA-48 in Enterobacter cloacae. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2016; 7:135-140. [PMID: 27794265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate environmental colonisation in Algerian hospitals by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), including molecular characterisation of their resistance, and to perform a comparative molecular analysis between clinical and environmental strains. GNB isolated from hospitalised patients and the hospital environment were identified using microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion and Etest methods. Carbapenemase- and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes were searched for using PCR and sequencing. Clonality of the environmental and clinical strains was assessed by multilocus sequencing typing (MLST). A total of 32 carbapenem-resistant GNB were isolated, including 16 (29%) of 56 multidrug-resistant (MDR) GNB from clinical specimens and 16 (48%) of 33 MDR-GNB from inanimate surfaces. Of the 32 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 14 produced a carbapenemase. The blaOXA-48 gene was detected both in clinical and surface isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=3) and Enterobacter cloacae (n=2). Clinical and surface isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were found to produce the carbapenemases NDM-1 (7 isolates) and OXA-23 (2 isolates). MLST revealed clonal diversity and a relationship between environmental and clinical strains with identical sequence types. Here we report the first description of an OXA-48-producing E. cloacae isolate in Algeria. We also highlight the important role of inanimate surfaces in the spread of carbapenem-resistant bacteria and the emergence of nosocomial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Widad Bouguenoun
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et Microbiologie appliquée, Université de Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Sofiane Bakour
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Charbel Al Bayssari
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Tarek Merad
- Laboratoire d'Amélioration Génétique des Plantes, Université de Annaba, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Vinueza-Burgos C, Cevallos M, Ron-Garrido L, Bertrand S, De Zutter L. Prevalence and Diversity of Salmonella Serotypes in Ecuadorian Broilers at Slaughter Age. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159567. [PMID: 27414038 PMCID: PMC4944992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is frequently found in poultry and represent an important source for human gastrointestinal infections worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, genotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes in broilers from Ecuador. Caeca content from 388 at random selected broiler batches were collected in 6 slaughterhouses during 1 year and analyzed by the ISO 6579/Amd1 protocol for the isolation for Salmonella. Isolates were serotyped and genotypic variation was acceded by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. MIC values for sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethropim, chloramphenicol, colistin, florfenicol, kanamycin and nalidixic acid were obtained. Presence of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCMY; and mcr-1 plasmid genes was investigated in resistant strains to cefotaxime and colistin respectively. Prevalence at batch level was 16.0%. The most common serotype was S. Infantis (83.9%) followed by S. Enteritidis (14.5%) and S. Corvallis (1.6%). The pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis showed that S. Corvallis, S. Enteritidis and S. Infantis isolates belonged to 1, 2 and 12 genotypes respectively. S. Infantis isolates showed high resistance rates to 12 antibiotics ranging from 57.7% (kanamycin) up to 98.1% (nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole). All S. Enteritidis isolates showed resistance to colistin. High multiresistant patterns were found for all the serotypes. The blaCTX-M gene was present in 33 S. Infantis isolates while mcr-1 was negative in 10 colistin resistant isolates. This study provides the first set of scientific data on prevalence and multidrug-resistant Salmonella coming from commercial poultry in Ecuador.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - María Cevallos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lenin Ron-Garrido
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro Internacional de Zoonosis, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Sophie Bertrand
- National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lieven De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Suleyman G, Perri M, Vager D, Samuel L, Zervos MJ, Alangaden G, Tibbetts RJ. Characterization of Salmonella Isangi possessing a CTX-M15 ESBL associated with an outbreak in a US Hospital. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 85:386-390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
30
|
Nosocomial Outbreak of a Novel Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Salmonella enterica Serotype Isangi Among Surgical Patients. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016; 37:954-961. [PMID: 27108715 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2016.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nosocomial outbreaks caused by Salmonella are rare. We describe the investigation and control of a cluster of novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Salmonella enterica serotype Isangi in a hospital in southeastern Michigan. METHODS An epidemiologic investigation, including case-control study, assessment of infection control practices and environmental cultures, was performed to identify modes of transmission. Healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to case patients were screened. Strain relatedness was determined using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); ESBL confirmation was conducted using real-time PCR. Control measures were implemented to prevent further transmission. RESULTS Between September 2 and October 22, 2015, 19 surgical patients, including 10 organ transplant recipients and 1 HCW, had positive S. Isangi cultures. Of these case patients and HCW, 13 had gastroenteritis, 2 had bacteremia, 1 had surgical-site infection, and 4 were asymptomatic. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed 89.5% similarity among the isolates in these cases. Isolates with resistant-phenotypes possessed plasmid-mediated CTX-M15 ESBL. A total of 19 case patients were compared with 57 control participants. Case patients had significantly higher odds of exposure to an intraoperative transesophageal (TEE) probe (adjusted odds ratio 9.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-72.60; P=.02). Possible cross-transmission occurred in the HCW and 2 patients. Cultures of TEE probes and the environment were negative. The outbreak ended after removal of TEE probes, modification of reprocessing procedures, implementation of strict infection control practices, and enhanced environmental cleaning. CONCLUSIONS We report the first nosocomial ESBL S. Isangi outbreak in the United States. Multiple control measures were necessary to interrupt transmission of this gastrointestinal pathogen. Exposure to possibly contaminated TEE probes was associated with transmission. Periodic monitoring of reprocessing procedures of TEE probes may be required to ensure optimal disinfection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:954-961.
Collapse
|
31
|
Acquisition of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases by Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Gut Microbiota of Pilgrims during the Hajj Pilgrimage of 2013. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:3222-6. [PMID: 26976866 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02396-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported the acquisition of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in rectal samples of 129 pilgrims during the 2013 Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah). When returning from the Hajj, there was a significant increase in the number of pilgrims carrying E. coli resistant to ceftriaxone (P = 0.008). The CTX-M gene was detected in rectal samples, with the detection rate increasing from 10.08% to 32.56% of samples after the Hajj (P < 0.001).
Collapse
|
32
|
The Roles of Inflammation, Nutrient Availability and the Commensal Microbiota in Enteric Pathogen Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 3. [PMID: 26185088 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.mbp-0008-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The healthy human intestine is colonized by as many as 1014 bacteria belonging to more than 500 different species forming a microbial ecosystem of unsurpassed diversity, termed the microbiota. The microbiota's various bacterial members engage in a physiological network of cooperation and competition within several layers of complexity. Within the last 10 years, technological progress in the field of next-generation sequencing technologies has tremendously advanced our understanding of the wide variety of physiological and pathological processes that are influenced by the commensal microbiota (1, 2). An increasing number of human disease conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), type 2 diabetes, obesity, allergies and colorectal cancer are linked with altered microbiota composition (3). Moreover, a clearer picture is emerging of the composition of the human microbiota in healthy individuals, its variability over time and between different persons and how the microbiota is shaped by environmental factors (i.e., diet) and the host's genetic background (4). A general feature of a normal, healthy gut microbiota can generate conditions in the gut that disfavor colonization of enteric pathogens. This is termed colonization-resistance (CR). Upon disturbance of the microbiota, CR can be transiently disrupted, and pathogens can gain the opportunity to grow to high levels. This disruption can be caused by exposure to antibiotics (5, 6), changes in diet (7, 8), application of probiotics and drugs (9), and a variety of diseases (3). Breakdown of CR can boost colonization by intrinsic pathogens or increase susceptibility to infections (10). One consequence of pathogen expansion is the triggering of inflammatory host responses and pathogen-mediated disease. Interestingly, human enteric pathogens are part of a small group of bacterial families that belong to the Proteobacteria: the Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Yersinia spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp.), the Vibrionaceae (Vibrio cholerae) and the Campylobacteriaceae (Campylobacter spp.). In general, members of these families (be it commensals or pathogens) only constitute a minority of the intestinal microbiota. However, proteobacterial "blooms" are a characteristic trait of an abnormal microbiota such as in the course of antibiotic therapy, dietary changes or inflammation (11). It has become clear that the gut microbiota not only plays a major role in priming and regulating mucosal and systemic immunity, but that the immune system also contributes to host control over microbiota composition. These two ways of mutual communication between the microbiota and the immune system were coined as "outside-in" and "inside-out," respectively (12). The significance of those interactions for human health is particularly evident in Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The symptoms of these recurrent, chronic types of gut inflammation are caused by an excessive immune response against one's own commensal microbiota (13). It is assumed that deregulated immune responses can be caused by a genetic predisposition, leading to, for example, the impairment of intestinal barrier function or disruption of mucosal T-cell homeostasis. In CD or UC patients, an abnormally composed microbiota, referred to as "dysbiosis," is commonly observed (discussed later). This is often characterized by an increased relative abundance of facultative anaerobic bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaeceae, Bacilli) and, at the same time, depletion of obligate anaerobic bacteria of the classes Bacteroidia and Clostridia. So far, it is unclear whether dysbiosis is a cause or a consequence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In fact, both scenarios are equally conceivable. Recent work suggests that inflammatory immune responses in the gut (both IBD and pathogen-induced) can alter the gut luminal milieu in a way that favors dysbiosis (14). In this chapter, I present a survey on our current state of understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms underlying gut inflammation-associated dysbiosis. The role of dysbiosis in enteric infections and human IBD is discussed. In addition, I will focus on competition of enteric pathogens and the gut microbiota in the inflamed gut and the role of dysbiotic microbiota alterations (e.g., "Enterobacterial blooms" (11)) for the evolution of pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ao TT, Feasey NA, Gordon MA, Keddy KH, Angulo FJ, Crump JA. Global burden of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease, 2010(1). Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 21. [PMID: 25860298 PMCID: PMC4451910 DOI: 10.3201/eid2106.140999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a major cause of bloodstream infections worldwide, and HIV-infected persons and malaria-infected children are at increased risk for the disease. We conducted a systematic literature review to obtain age group-specific, population-based invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) incidence data. Data were categorized by HIV and malaria prevalence and then extrapolated by using 2010 population data. The case-fatality ratio (CFR) was determined by expert opinion consensus. We estimated that 3.4 (range 2.1-6.5) million cases of iNTS disease occur annually (overall incidence 49 cases [range 30-94] per 100,000 population). Africa, where infants, young children, and young adults are most affected, has the highest incidence (227 cases [range 152-341] per 100,000 population) and number of cases (1.9 [range 1.3-2.9] million cases). An iNTS CFR of 20% yielded 681,316 (range 415,164-1,301,520) deaths annually. iNTS disease is a major cause of illness and death globally, particularly in Africa. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of iNTS is needed.
Collapse
|
34
|
Batah R, Loucif L, Olaitan AO, Boutefnouchet N, Allag H, Rolain JM. Outbreak of Serratia marcescens Coproducing ArmA and CTX-M-15 Mediated High Levels of Resistance to Aminoglycoside and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases, Algeria. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 21:470-6. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2014.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rima Batah
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1905, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Annaba, Algerie
| | - Lotfi Loucif
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1905, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Molecules Bioactives et de la Physiopathologie Cellulaire, Université El Hadj Lakhdar, Batna, Algerie
| | - Abiola Olumuyiwa Olaitan
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1905, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Nafissa Boutefnouchet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Microbiologie Appliquée, Département de Biochimie, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Annaba, Algerie
| | - Hamoudi Allag
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Clinique Rénale Daksi Constantine, Constantine, Algerie
| | - Jean-Marc Rolain
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), UM 63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1905, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Akinyemi KO, Iwalokun BA, Alafe OO, Mudashiru SA, Fakorede C. bla CTX-M-I group extended spectrum beta lactamase-producing Salmonella typhi from hospitalized patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Infect Drug Resist 2015; 8:99-106. [PMID: 25999745 PMCID: PMC4437039 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s78876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The global spread of blaCTX-M-I extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella spp. remains a major threat to treatment and control. Evidence of emergence and spread of this marker are lacking in Nigeria. This study investigated blaCTX-M-I ESBL production among Salmonella isolates from hospitalized patients. Methods Patients (158 total) made up of two groups were evaluated. Group A was composed of 135 patients with persistent pyrexia and group B was composed of 23 gastroenteritis patients and their stool samples. Samples were cultured, and isolates were identified and were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by standard methods. Isolates were further screened for ESBL production, blaCTX-M-I genes and transferability by double disk synergy test, plasmid extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and conjugation experiment. Results Thirty-five (25.9%) Salmonella isolates were identified from group A, of which 74.3% were S. typhi, 22.9% were S. paratyphi and two (5.7%) were invasive non-typhoidal S. enteritidis. Nine Plasmodium falciparum infections were recorded, four of which were identified as co-infections with typhoidal Salmonella. Only two (8.7%) S. enteritidis samples were obtained from group B (P>0.05). A total of 24 isolates were ESBL-positive, eliciting resistance to five to seven antibiotics, and were multiple-drug resistant. ESBL production due to the blaCTX-M-I gene cluster was detected in eleven (45.8%) Salmonella isolates. Nine (81.8%) of the eleven blaCTX-M-I ESBL producers were S. typhi and two (18.2%) isolates were S. enteritidis. Four of nine S. typhi blaCTX-M-I ESBL-producing strains harbored 23 kb self-transmissible plasmid that was co-transferred with cefotaxime and augmentin resistance to Escherichia coli j53-2 transconjugants. Conclusion This study revealed the emergence of blaCTX-M-IS. typhi as an agent of persistent pyrexia with potential to spread to other Enterobacteriaceae in Lagos, Nigeria. Cautionary prescription and judicious use of third-generation cephalosporins, particularly cefotaxime, for the treatment of typhoid fever and routine screening for P. falciparum co-infection with ESBL-producing Salmonella in the laboratories during diagnosis of persistent pyrexia conditions in patients are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kabiru O Akinyemi
- Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Bamidele A Iwalokun
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olajide O Alafe
- Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prevalence and detection of antibiotic-resistant determinant in Salmonella isolated from food-producing animals. Trop Anim Health Prod 2014; 47:37-43. [PMID: 25348646 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-014-0680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. infections are considered as the most common food-borne disease globally. The contamination of food products with Salmonella has given rise to severe health and economic challenges. This study assessed the prevalence of Salmonella in the faeces of cows and goats in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, their antibiotic resistance patterns as well as antibiotic-resistant gene determinant. Antibiotic disc was used for antibiogram profiles while polymerase chain reaction was employed for the detection of antibiotic-resistant genes. A total of 150 Salmonella were isolated from the faecal samples. Eighty two (55%) isolates were recovered from cow faeces while 68 (45%) were isolated from goat faeces. All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%) while 95% were sensitive to ofloxacin. Also, a high sensitivity of 93 and 89% was observed against nalidixic acid and ofloxacin, respectively. Salmonella isolates demonstrated moderate sensitivity against cephalothin (70%), chloramphenicol (75%) and minocycline (68%) while 49% were resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin. The prevalence of the antibiotic-resistant genes in Salmonella isolates were detected as follows: integron conserved segment 28% (42/150), bla TEM gene 19.3% (29/150), blapse₁ 7.3% (11/150) and blaampC 4.7% (7/150). The results obtained in the study imply that cow and goat faeces could be potential reservoirs of Salmonella and could possibly cause infections as a result of contamination of food products. There is a need for a surveillance system to track resistance patterns of Salmonella circulating in South Africa.
Collapse
|
37
|
Paglietti B, Falchi G, Mason P, Chitsatso O, Nair S, Gwanzura L, Uzzau S, Cappuccinelli P, Wain J, Rubino S. Diversity among human non-typhoidal salmonellae isolates from Zimbabwe. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2014; 107:487-92. [PMID: 23843558 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trt046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections are an important public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, especially among children and HIV-seropositive patients in whom they may cause invasive disease. METHODS In order to better understand the epidemiology of Salmonella infections in southern Africa we typed, using serotyping, phage typing and multilocus sequence typing, 167 non-typhoidal Salmonella strains isolated from human clinical specimens during 1995-2000. RESULTS The most common serovars were Salmonella Typhimurium DT56/ST313, Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and Salmonella Isangi ST216. Isolates of Salmonella Isangi showed a multidrug-resistant phenotype that was resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Twelve new sequence types and six new serotypes of Salmonella were identified. CONCLUSIONS Given the diversity detected in the study it seems likely that many new variants of S. enterica are extant in Zimbabwe and by implication across sub-Saharan Africa. We have demonstrated the presence in Zimbabwe of a multidrug-resistant strain of the serovar Salmonella Isangi and demonstrated the diversity of Salmonella circulating in one sub-Saharan African country. Further studies on the characteristics of Salmonella Isangi isolates from Zimbabwe, including plasmid typing and genotyping, are essential if effective control of the spread of this potential pathogen in sub-Saharan Africa is to be achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Paglietti
- Microbiologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, Sassari, Sardegna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang B, Wang Q, Cui S, Wang Y, Shi C, Xia X, Xi M, Wang X, Shi X, Wang D, Zhang Z, Meng J. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing Salmonella strains isolated from retail foods in Shaanxi and Henan Province, China. Food Microbiol 2014; 42:14-8. [PMID: 24929711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica have been reported worldwide. However, research on foodborne ESBL-producing Salmonella has been rarely conducted. One hundred and thirty eight ceftriaxone or/and cefoperazone-resistant Salmonella strains recovered from retail foods in Shaanxi and Henan Province, China, were screened for ESBL. The ESBL-producing strains were further characterized for antimicrobial resistance, pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles, and the presence of blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, and blaPSE. The transferability of ESBL encoding genes to a susceptible Escherichia coli strain was also investigated. Thirty (21.7%) isolates were identified as ESBL positive and belonged to S. enterica serovars Indiana, Shubra, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis. S. Indiana and S. Shubra isolates were firstly identified in ESBL-producing strains. Great genetic diversity was seen among these ESBL-producing strains. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that blaTEM-1B was the only ESBL-encoding gene among the genes tested and was detected in 26 of 30 strains and was carried in the conjugative plasmids. The blaTEM-1B gene was transferable through conjugation at rates ranging from 4.71 × 10(-7) to 7.55 × 10(-6) transconjugant per recipient cell. This study provides the evidence of foodborne ESBL-producing Salmonella, and the transferability of plasmid harboring ESBL-encoding genes could possibly contribute to the dissemination of ESBL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Yang
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | | | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Meili Xi
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xianming Shi
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Jianghong Meng
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nosocomial outbreak of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium primarily affecting a pediatric ward in South Africa in 2012. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:627-31. [PMID: 24478499 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02422-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a nosocomial outbreak of diarrheal disease caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, focused on a pediatric ward in South Africa. The outbreak peaked between May 2012 and July 2012. Person-to-person transmission was the most likely mechanism of spread of the infection, expedited due to a breakdown in hand-washing and hygiene, suboptimal infection control practices, overcrowding of hospital wards, and an undesirable nurse-to-patient ratio.
Collapse
|
40
|
Taneja N, Appannanavar SB, Kumar A, Varma G, Kumar Y, Mohan B, Sharma M. Serotype profile and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from gastroenteritis cases over nine years. J Med Microbiol 2013; 63:66-73. [PMID: 24149623 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.061416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is emerging worldwide. We report the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes in 53.4 % of NTS isolated over a period of nine years from gastroenteritis cases. ESBL and AmpC co-production was observed in 21 % of the isolates. Occurrence of blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 resistance genes was observed in 11.6 % and 37 % of the isolates respectively. Overall, Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg was the predominant serovar carrying blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 resistance genes. We report for the first time from India, one isolate each of S. enterica serovar Thompson, S. enterica serovar Infantis and S. enterica serovar Newport, carrying the blaCTX-M-15 gene. We also report for the first time from India, a case of gastroenteritis due to S. enterica serovar Thompson.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Taneja
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Suma B Appannanavar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Garima Varma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- National Salmonella and Escherichia Serotyping Centre, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, India
| | - Balvinder Mohan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Meera Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Harrois D, Breurec S, Seck A, Delauné A, Le Hello S, Pardos de la Gándara M, Sontag L, Perrier-Gros-Claude JD, Sire JM, Garin B, Weill FX. Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing clinical Salmonella enterica isolates in Dakar, Senegal, from 1999 to 2009. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:O109-16. [PMID: 23992040 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 1623 clinical isolates of Salmonella belonging to 229 serotypes were received by the Senegalese Reference Center for Enterobacteria from January 1999 to December 2009. The most common serotypes were Enteritidis (19% of the isolates), Typhi (8%), Typhimurium (7%) and Kentucky (4%). A significant increase in the prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin (0.9% in 1999 to 11.1% in 2009) and nalidixic acid (0.9% in 1999 to 26.7% in 2009) was observed in non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes. For critically important antibiotics, notably ciprofloxacin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs), the rates of resistance were low: 0.3% and 0.5%, respectively. Seven ESC-resistant Salmonella strains and three additional ESC-resistant strains from Senegal (1990) and Mali (2007) were studied to identify the genetic basis of their antibiotic resistance. All ESC-resistant strains produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). These were CTX-M-15 (n = 6; 2000-2008), SHV-12 (n = 3; 2000-2001) and SHV-2 (n = 1; 1990). A large IncHI2 ST1 pK29-like plasmid was found in six strains (three producing SHV-12 and three CTX-M-15), whereas IncN and IncF plasmids were found in three strains and one strain, respectively. The association of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes qnrB1 and aac(6')-Ib-cr was found in four ESBL-producing strains, leading to decreased susceptibility and even full resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC range 0.75-2 mg/L) despite the absence of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE. This association of ESBL and multiple PMQR mechanisms within the same strains is therefore a serious concern as it hampers the use of both ESCs and fluoroquinolones for severe Salmonella infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Harrois
- Institut Pasteur, Unité des Bactéries Pathogènes Entériques, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité de Bactériologie Médicale et Environnementale, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jaskulski MR, Medeiros BC, Borges JV, Zalewsky R, Fonseca MEC, Marinowic DR, Rocha MP, Nodari P, Machado DC. Assessment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase, KPC carbapenemase and porin resistance mechanisms in clinical samples of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 42:76-9. [PMID: 23664677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacilli has complicated the treatment of serious nosocomial infections. Current automated systems for detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing isolates are unreliable. One possible straightforward alternative method is evaluation of ertapenem resistance. However, the accuracy of this method is affected by other resistance mechanisms such as AmpC gene expression or extended-spectrum β-lactamase production associated with porin loss. This study included 128 samples of K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. that were non-susceptible to ertapenem. The disk diffusion and Etest method were applied to determine susceptibility to imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem. Isolates exhibiting intermediate or complete resistance to ertapenem were evaluated for resistance mechanisms. bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(CTX-M-2) and bla(KPC) genes were tested for by PCR, and the presence of outer membrane protein was investigated by dot-blot assay. bla(TEM) was detected in 52.9% and 10.3%, bla(SHV) in 29.4% and 0.94%, bla(CTX-M) in 41.4% and 1.9% and bla(CTX-M-2) in 23.5% and 1.9% of K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates, respectively. The bla(KPC) gene was present in 12.6% of Enterobacter spp. isolates. OmpC and OmpF were present in 6.6% of E. cloacae isolates. These results indicate that several resistance mechanisms contribute to potential therapeutic failure of carbapenem therapy and point to the need for better detection methods and surveillance strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Jaskulski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Research Institute of Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6690, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tissera S, Lee SM. Isolation of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Producing Bacteria from Urban Surface Waters in Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2013; 20:14-22. [PMID: 23966820 PMCID: PMC3743977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This was a preliminary study to test for the presence of multiple antibiotic-resistant extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in Malaysian urban surface waters. Although the literature review revealed several published papers on clinical ESBL isolates in Malaysia, none were found on ESBL isolates obtained from local surface waters. METHODS Isolated bacterial species were tested for resistance to cefotaxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate and aztreonam, and susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem using antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by disc diffusion. This served as a screening step to detect bacteria that could be potential ESBL species. 16S ribose ribonucleic acid (rRNA) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing with two clusters of bla (β-lactamase) gene primers was used to test for the bla genes CTX-M (Groups 1, 2, 9), OXA-1, SHV and TEM. RESULTS A total of 19 isolates were found, possessing at least one of the bla genes tested for. There was a relatively high occurrence of CTX-M genes (84.2%) among these, followed by TEM genes (47.4%). The isolates were identified as Enterobacteriaceae (89.5%), predominantly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CONCLUSION There appears to be a high occurrence of ESBL-bacteria in local surface waters, among these being opportunistic pathogens. The persistence and spread of these species in the environment poses a threat to exposed human populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shehani Tissera
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor Darul Ehsan
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Berrazeg M, Drissi M, Medjahed L, Rolain JM. Hierarchical clustering as a rapid tool for surveillance of emerging antibiotic-resistance phenotypes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:864-874. [PMID: 23449879 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.049437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is on the rise, and its early detection and surveillance are critical to implement effective control measures. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid hierarchical clustering bioinformatic tool for application on antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results (resistant, intermediate, sensitive) of a series of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Algeria and from France for surveillance of antibiotic-resistance phenotypes. A total of 1011 K. pneumoniae strains were collected from August 2008 to December 2012: 221 clinical isolates from western Algeria and 790 clinical isolates from Marseille, France. AST against a panel of 16 antibiotics was done for all isolates. Results of AST were introduced into MultiExperiment Viewer (MeV) software to perform hierarchical clustering, with resistant, intermediate and sensitive being translated to 1, 0 and -1 values, respectively. Hierarchical clustering results were compared to standard resistance phenotypes to evaluate the accuracy of the method. Based on the AST results, the 221 K. pneumoniae strains from Algeria could be separated into six phenotype groups as regards their resistance to β-lactam compounds: extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) (68.3 %), ESBL associated with cephalosporinase (13.1 %), cephalosporinase (0.9 %), penicillinase (3.6 %) and wild-type (14.0 %). Hierarchical clustering by the MeV software applied to the AST results for all 1011 isolates generated clusters that were significantly representative of phenotypic classification and geographical origin, in less than 1 min. Moreover, adding to the dataset the AST results of a K. pneumoniae NDM-1 positive strain, the only strain resistant to imipenem in the series, immediately generated a new branch in the dendrogram. We have developed a rapid and simple hierarchical clustering tool for application on AST results that was able to survey qualitatively and quantitatively the prevalence of known and unknown phenotypes. This tool could be easily implemented in routine clinical microbiology laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Berrazeg
- Laboratoire Antibiotiques, Antifongiques: Physico-chimie, Synthèse et Activité Biologiques (LAPSAB), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature, de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid - Tlemcen, Bp 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE CNRS-IRD, UMR 6236 INSERM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Mourad Drissi
- Laboratoire Antibiotiques, Antifongiques: Physico-chimie, Synthèse et Activité Biologiques (LAPSAB), Faculté des Sciences de la Nature, de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Univers, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid - Tlemcen, Bp 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Lakhdar Medjahed
- Département d'Informatique, Faculté de Technologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaid - Tlemcen, Bp 119, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria
| | - Jean Marc Rolain
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE CNRS-IRD, UMR 6236 INSERM, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kermas R, Touati A, Brasme L, Le Magrex-Debar E, Mehrane S, Weill FX, De Champs C. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica serotype Brunei and Heidelberg at the Hussein Dey hospital in Algiers (Algeria). Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:803-8. [PMID: 22871227 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the genetic determinants responsible for extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) resistance of Salmonella collected during the period of 1995-2008 at the Hussein Dey hospital in Algiers (Algeria). Fourteen ESC-resistant Salmonella isolates were tested towards 22 antimicrobial agents. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing were used to determine the underlying genetic determinants responsible for the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus PCR was employed to type the isolates. All tested isolates were resistant to ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, piperacillin, cefuroxime, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime (except two isolates), cefepime, and cefpirome. PCR and DNA sequencing identified these ESBLs as TEM-48 (n=6), TEM-4 (n=3), CTX-M-15 (n=4), and one new TEM, designated TEM-188. Thus, continued surveillance for the presence of ESBL-producing (non-typhoidal) salmonellae in Algeria is essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachida Kermas
- Département de Microbiologie, FSNV, Université A/MIRA de Béjaia, Béjaia, Algeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tau NP, Smith AM, Sooka A, Keddy KH. Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Shigella isolates from humans in South Africa, 2003–2009. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:162-164. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.033142-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nomsa P. Tau
- Enteric Diseases Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anthony M. Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Enteric Diseases Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Arvinda Sooka
- Enteric Diseases Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Karen H. Keddy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Enteric Diseases Reference Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sánchez-Vargas FM, Abu-El-Haija MA, Gómez-Duarte OG. Salmonella infections: an update on epidemiology, management, and prevention. Travel Med Infect Dis 2011; 9:263-77. [PMID: 22118951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella species are a group of Gram-negative enterobacteria and known human pathogens in developing as well as industrialized countries. Despite significant advances in sanitation, provision of potable water, and highly controlled food chain surveillance, transmission of Salmonella spp. continues to affect communities, preferentially children, worldwide. This review summarizes updated concepts on typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella infections, starting with a historical perspective that implicates typhoid Salmonella as a significant human pathogen since ancient times. We describe the epidemiology of this pathogen with emphasis on the most recent non-typhoidal Salmonella outbreaks in industrialized countries and continued outbreaks of typhoid Salmonella in underserved countries. An overview of clinical aspects of typhoid and non-typhoid infections in developing and industrialized countries, respectively, is provided, followed by a description on current treatment concepts and challenges treating multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections. We conclude with prevention recommendations, and recent research studies on vaccine prevention.
Collapse
|
48
|
Bisi-Johnson MA, Obi CL, Vasaikar SD, Baba KA, Hattori T. Molecular basis of virulence in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species from a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Gut Pathog 2011; 3:9. [PMID: 21663681 PMCID: PMC3125331 DOI: 10.1186/1757-4749-3-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from localized gastrointestinal infections, Escherichia coli and Salmonella species are major causes of systemic disease in both humans and animals. Salmonella spp. cause invasive infections such as enteric fever, septicemia, osteomyelitis and meningitis while certain types of E. coli can cause systemic infections, includingpyelonephritis, meningitis and septicemia. These characteristic requires the involvement of a myriad of virulence factors. METHODS This study investigated the virulence factors of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species in clinical specimens from patients with diarrhoea presenting to health care centres in Oliver R. Tambo District Municipality, Eastern Cape Province, Republic of South Africa. Microbiology analysis involved the use of cultural and molecular techniques. RESULTS Out of a total of 315 samples screened, Salmonella isolates were obtained in 119 (37.8%) of cases and these comprised: S. choleraesuis (6%), S. enteritidis (4%), S. eppendorf (1%), S. hadar (1%), S. isangi (8%), S. panama (1%), S. typhi (52%), S. typhimurium (25%) and untyped Salmonella spp. (2%). Among the Salmonella species 87 (73.1%) were invasive. Using molecular diagnostic methods, diarrheagenic E. coli were detected in 90 cases (28.6%): the greater proportion of this were enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) 37 (41.1%), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) 21 (23.3%) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) 21 (23.3%). The predominant virulence gene among the diarrheagenic E. coli was EAEC heat-stable enterotoxin astA genes while the virulence genes identified in the Salmonella strains were 15 (12.6%) flic and 105 (88.2%) inv genes. The amino acid identity of the representative genes showed 95-100% similarity to corresponding blast searched sequence. CONCLUSIONS This study showed the diversity of virulence gene expression in two major enteric pathogens. S. typhi and enteroaggregative E. coli were the predominant enteropathogens in our study area with an indication that EAEC is endemic within our study population. It was observed among other things that some diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from apparently asymptomatic subjects expressed some virulence genes at frequency as high as seen in diarrheagenic cases. This study underlines the importance of understanding the virulence composition and diversity of pathogens for enhanced clinico-epidemiological monitoring and health care delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Bisi-Johnson
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Clinical characteristics of bloodstream infections due to ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant, non-extended- spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and the role of TEM-1 hyperproduction. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:495-501. [PMID: 21135189 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00797-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ampicillin-sulbactam is commonly used as an empirical therapy for invasive infections where Escherichia coli is a potential pathogen. We evaluated the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of bloodstream infection due to E. coli, with focus on cases that were nonsusceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam and not producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Of a total of 357 unique bacteremic cases identified between 2005 and 2008, 111 (31.1%) were intermediate or resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam by disk testing. In multivariate analysis, a history of liver disease, organ transplant, peptic ulcer disease, and prior use of ampicillin-sulbactam were independent risk factors for bloodstream infection with ampicillin-sulbactam-nonsusceptible E. coli. Among cases that received ampicillin-sulbactam as an empirical therapy, an early clinical response was observed in 65% (22/34) of susceptible cases but in only 20% (1/5) of nonsusceptible cases. Among 50 ampicillin-sulbactam-resistant isolates examined, there was no clonal relatedness and no evidence of production of inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT). Instead, the resistance was attributed to hyperproduction of TEM-1 β-lactamase in the majority of isolates. However, promoter sequences of bla(TEM-1) did not predict resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam. While the plasmid copy number did not differ between representative resistant and susceptible isolates, the relative expression of bla(TEM-1) was significantly higher in two of three resistant isolates than in three susceptible isolates. These results suggest high-level bla(TEM-1) expression as the predominant cause of ampicillin-sulbactam resistance and also the presence of yet-unidentified factors promoting overexpression of bla(TEM-1) in these isolates.
Collapse
|
50
|
Smet A, Martel A, Persoons D, Dewulf J, Heyndrickx M, Herman L, Haesebrouck F, Butaye P. Broad-spectrum β-lactamases amongEnterobacteriaceaeof animal origin: molecular aspects, mobility and impact on public health. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2010; 34:295-316. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|