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Jordão CC, Klein MI, Barbugli PA, Mima EGDO, de Sousa TV, Ferrisse TM, Pavarina AC. DNase improves the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of candidiasis induced with Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1274201. [PMID: 38188579 PMCID: PMC10766804 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1274201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the association of DNase I enzyme with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral candidiasis in mice infected with fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) Candida albicans strains. Mice were inoculated with C. albicans, and after the infection had been established, the tongues were exposed to DNase for 5 min, followed by photosensitizer [Photodithazine®(PDZ)] and light (LED), either singly or combined. The treatments were performed for 5 consecutive days. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by assessing the tongues via fungal viable population, clinical evaluation, histopathological and fluorescence microscopy methods immediately after finishing treatments, and 7 days of follow-up. The combination of DNase with PDZ-aPDT reduced the fungal viability in mice tongues immediately after the treatments by around 4.26 and 2.89 log10 for CaS and CaR, respectively (versus animals only inoculated). In the fluorescence microscopy, the polysaccharides produced by C. albicans and fungal cells were less labeled in animals treated with the combination of DNase with PDZ-aPDT, similar to the healthy animals. After 7 days of the treatment, DNase associated with PDZ-aPDT maintained a lower count, but not as pronounced as immediately after the intervention. For both strains, mice treated with the combination of DNase with PDZ-aPDT showed remission of oral lesions and mild inflammatory infiltrate in both periods assessed, while animals treated only with PDZ-aPDT presented partial remission of oral lesions. DNase I enzyme improved the efficacy of photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlise Inêz Klein
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Tábata Viana de Sousa
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Ferreira RL, Jr WM, Souza LEA, Navarro HMC, de Mello LR, Mastelaro VR, Sales TO, Barbosa CDAES, Ribeiro AS, da Silva ER, Landell MF, de Oliveira IN. Harnessing Efficient ROS Generation in Carbon Dots Derived from Methyl Red for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4345-4357. [PMID: 37791902 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms has become a public health concern, with demand for strategies to suppress their proliferation in healthcare facilities. The present study investigates the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of carbon dots (CD-MR) derived from the methyl red azo dye. The morphological and structural analyses reveal that such carbon dots present a significant fraction of graphitic nitrogen in their structures, providing a wide emission range. Based on their low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells and tunable photoluminescence, these carbon dots are applied to bioimaging in vitro living cells. The possibility of using CD-MR to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) is also analyzed, and a high singlet oxygen quantum efficiency is verified. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity of CD-MR is analyzed against pathogenic microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans. Kirby-Bauer susceptibility tests show that carbon dots synthesized from methyl red possess antimicrobial activity upon photoexcitation at 532 nm. The growth inhibition of C. neoformans from CD-MR photosensitization is investigated. Our results show that N-doped carbon dots synthesized from methyl red efficiently generate ROS and possess a strong antimicrobial activity against healthcare-relevant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul L Ferreira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Walter Muniz Jr
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Louise E A Souza
- Departmento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hector M C Navarro
- Setor de Genética/ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Lucas R de Mello
- Departmento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valmor R Mastelaro
- Instituto de Física de So Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tasso O Sales
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió-AL, Brazil
| | - Cintya D A E S Barbosa
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Adriana S Ribeiro
- Instituto de Química e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Emerson R da Silva
- Departmento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Melissa F Landell
- Setor de Genética/ICBS, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Italo N de Oliveira
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57072-970 Maceió-AL, Brazil
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da Rosa Pinheiro T, Dantas GA, da Silva JLG, Leal DBR, da Silva RB, de Lima Burgo TA, Santos RCV, Iglesias BA. The First Report of In Vitro Antifungal and Antibiofilm Photodynamic Activity of Tetra-Cationic Porphyrins Containing Pt(II) Complexes against Candida albicans for Onychomycosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051511. [PMID: 37242753 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a prevalent nail fungal infection, and Candida albicans is one of the most common microorganisms associated with it. One alternative therapy to the conventional treatment of onychomycosis is antimicrobial photoinactivation. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the in vitro activity of cationic porphyrins with platinum(II) complexes 4PtTPyP and 3PtTPyP against C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration of porphyrins and reactive oxygen species was evaluated by broth microdilution. The yeast eradication time was evaluated using a time-kill assay, and a checkerboard assay assessed the synergism in combination with commercial treatments. In vitro biofilm formation and destruction were observed using the crystal violet technique. The morphology of the samples was evaluated by atomic force microscopy, and the MTT technique was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the studied porphyrins in keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines. The porphyrin 3PtTPyP showed excellent in vitro antifungal activity against the tested C. albicans strains. After white-light irradiation, 3PtTPyP eradicated fungal growth in 30 and 60 min. The possible mechanism of action was mixed by ROS generation, and the combined treatment with commercial drugs was indifferent. The 3PtTPyP significantly reduced the preformed biofilm in vitro. Lastly, the atomic force microscopy showed cellular damage in the tested samples, and 3PtTPyP did not show cytotoxicity against the tested cell lines. We conclude that 3PtTPyP is an excellent photosensitizer with promising in vitro results against C. albicans strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiane da Rosa Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Aguiar Dantas
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Immunology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Augusto de Lima Burgo
- Bioinorganic and Porphyrin Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Roberto Christ Vianna Santos
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
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Crugeira PJL, Almeida HHS, Teixeira LG, Barreiro MF. Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus by ecological antibacterial solutions associating LED (ʎ 450 ± 10 nm) with curcumin and olive leaf extracts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112626. [PMID: 36512898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a problem in contemporary society, with Staphylococcus aureus standing out as a threat due to its ability to colonize, its pathogenicity, and its expression of several virulence factors. In this context, antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) emerges as an alternative to conventional microbicidal or microbiostatic systems, enabling numerous and successive applications without developing side effects and microbial resistance. In this context, an aPDI system against cultures of S. aureus based on a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion incorporating curcumin as the photosensitizer (PS), with and without olive leaf extract (OLE), was developed and the antibacterial efficacy evaluated under LED activation (ʎ450 ± 10 nm) by depositing an energy density of 14 J/cm2. The produced emulsified systems showed no significant differences in the droplet size and morphology, remaining stable along the tested period of 30 days. The bacterial reduction achieved after the first aPDI application for the emulsions added with curcumin and curcumin combined with the OLE was 5 log10 CFU.mL-1 and 6 log10 CFU.mL-1, respectively, revealing a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.0001). After the second aPDI application, an increased microbial reduction (7 log10 CFU.mL-1) was observed for both studied groups even with a low significant difference (p < 0.05). The PS loading through an emulsified system for aPDI obtained a bactericidal action against S. aureus, increased by applying two aPDI, showing a significant synergy between photodynamic inactivation, OLE delivery and antibacterial activity. In addition, the developed solutions were produced using natural products by an ecologically correct process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J L Crugeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Heloísa H S Almeida
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Liandra G Teixeira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - M Filomena Barreiro
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
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Machado CS, Seeger MG, Moreira KS, Burgo TAL, Iglesias BA, Vogel FSF, Cargnelutti JF. In vitro porphyrin-based photodynamic therapy against mono and polyculture of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from integumentary infections in animals. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103179. [PMID: 36334907 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have been frequently isolated from integumentary lesions of animals, and these lesions are usually infected by more than one pathogen. This study evaluated an in vitro antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using two water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrins (3-H2TMeP and 4-H2TMeP) against mono and polyculture of MDR bacteria isolated from dogs, cats, and horses. Ten isolates of MDR bacteria (two of each species: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius) were used to evaluate aPDT against the monoculture using a non-cytotoxic concentration of 3-H2TMeP and 4-H2TMeP porphyrins (40 µM), with 30 min of light irradiation in Gram-positive and 90 min for Gram-negative bacteria. The aPDT using the 4-H2TMeP porphyrin was also tested against five different polycultures (Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) and Pseudomonas sp.; E. coli and Proteus sp.; Pseudomonas sp. and Proteus sp.; CPS and E. coli; and CPS and Proteus sp.) for 90 min. The efficacy of both treatments was evaluated by plating the solution exposed to light or kept in the dark and counting the colonies forming units after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. Atomic force microscope analysis was used to map bacteria morphological changes and extract adhesion force parameters from the bacteria membranes. Only the 4-H2TMeP porphyrin had antibacterial activity against MDR bacteria in monoculture, especially S. pseudointermedius and P. aeruginosa. In polyculture, the 4-H2TMeP porphyrin reduced bacterial concentrations (p < 0.05) in the associations of E. coli and S. pseudointermedius, P. aeruginosa and S. pseudointermedius, and P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis. These results showed that aPDT using 4-H2TMeP is a good option for future associations of aPDT and other therapies or in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Machado
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 97 - HVU, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Marlane G Seeger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária (PPGMV) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 97 - HVU, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Kelly S Moreira
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemical Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago A L Burgo
- Coulomb Electrostatic and Mechanochemical Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo state University (Unesp), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo A Iglesias
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Materiais Porfirínicos - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima, 1000, Campus Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda S F Vogel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 63D - bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana F Cargnelutti
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva (DMVP) - Av. Roraima, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, prédio 63D - bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS CEP 97105-900, Brazil.
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Büchner R, Vaz da Cruz V, Grover N, Charisiadis A, Fondell M, Haverkamp R, Senge MO, Föhlisch A. Fundamental electronic changes upon intersystem crossing in large aromatic photosensitizers: free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7505-7511. [PMID: 35288726 PMCID: PMC8942076 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05420a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin stands for the class of powerful porphyrin photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation and light-harvesting. The atomic level selectivity of dynamic UV pump – N K-edge probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy in combination with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) gives direct access to the crucial excited molecular states within the unusual relaxation pathway. The efficient intersystem crossing, that is El-Sayed forbidden and not facilitated by a heavy atom is confirmed to be the result of the long singlet excited state lifetime (Qx 4.9 ns) and thermal effects. Overall, the interplay of stabilization by conservation of angular momenta and vibronic relaxation drive the de-excitation in these chromophores. The crucial transient states of free-base porphyrins are characterized by time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy unraveling their unusual relaxation pathway.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Robby Büchner
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. .,Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vinícius Vaz da Cruz
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nitika Grover
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mattis Fondell
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert Haverkamp
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. .,Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748 Munchen Garching, Germany.
| | - Alexander Föhlisch
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany. .,Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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Potassium iodide enhances inactivation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red laser. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102622. [PMID: 34775066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) addition on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by red laser (λ = 660 nm) and methylene blue in Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. METHODS S. mutans biofilms were cultured in 96-well plates containing BHI broth with 1% sucrose for 18 h, 10% CO2 and 37°C and divided in groups (n = 3, in triplicate): C (NaCl 0.9%); CX (0.2% chlorhexidine); P (photosensitizer); KI (10, 25 and 50 mM); PKI (10, 25 and 50 mM); L (L 1: : 100 J/cm2, 9 J; L2: 200 J/cm2, 18 J); PL (photosensitizer + L1 or L2); KIL (KI at 10, 25 and 50 mM + L1 or L2); and PKIL (photosensitizer + 10, 25 and 50 mM KI + L1 or L2). Biofilms were submitted to three pre-irradiation (PI) times (5, 10, and 15 min). After the treatments, microbial counting's reduction was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn's tests, respectively, and the interaction between light parameters and the PI times by two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS The S. mutans viability significantly reduced in all aPDT groups, in the presence or absence of KI (p < 0.05). For all PI times, PKIL groups (10, 25, and 50 mM) significantly differed from PL groups (p < 0.05) with a reduction of 9.0 logs reached at 50 mM of KI with 15 min of PI, irradiated at 18 J. We found no significant interaction between PI time and irradiation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Addition KI to TFDA mediated by methylene blue and red laser promoted an additional effect in reducing the microbial viability of S. mutans biofilm.
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Ziental D, Mlynarczyk DT, Czarczynska-Goslinska B, Lewandowski K, Sobotta L. Photosensitizers Mediated Photodynamic Inactivation against Fungi. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11112883. [PMID: 34835655 PMCID: PMC8621466 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Superficial and systemic fungal infections are essential problems for the modern health care system. One of the challenges is the growing resistance of fungi to classic antifungals and the constantly increasing cost of therapy. These factors force the scientific world to intensify the search for alternative and more effective methods of treatment. This paper presents an overview of new fungal inactivation methods using Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (PACT). The results of research on compounds from the groups of phenothiazines, xanthanes, porphyrins, chlorins, porphyrazines, and phthalocyanines are presented. An intensive search for a photosensitizer with excellent properties is currently underway. The formulation based on the existing ones is also developed by combining them with nanoparticles and common antifungal therapy. Numerous studies indicate that fungi do not form any specific defense mechanism against PACT, which deems it a promising therapeutic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ziental
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Dariusz T. Mlynarczyk
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Beata Czarczynska-Goslinska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Konrad Lewandowski
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
| | - Lukasz Sobotta
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland; (D.Z.); (K.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green against the standard and fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 36:1971-1977. [PMID: 34331604 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an alternative approach. The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of aPDT with indocyanine green (ICG) against two Candida albicans (C. albicans) strains. In this in vitro study, the inoculum of standard ATCC 10,231 (S) and fluconazole-resistant (FR) strains were adjusted to the turbidity of a 0.5 McFarland standard. Each strain was allocated into 4 groups: S1 and FR1) control groups, S2 and FR2) ICG-treated groups (1 µg/mL), S3 and FR3) laser-irradiated groups (wavelength: 810 nm; mode: continuous-wave; output power: 300 mW; spot size: 4.5 mm; exposure time: 120 s; radiation dose: 228 J/cm2), S4 and FR4) ICG-mediated-aPDT groups. After treatments, the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) was calculated. Using the XTT reduction assay, the effects of each treatment on Candida biofilm formation were evaluated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. In both strains, the maximum number of CFUs was observed in the control group, followed by ICG-treated, laser-irradiated, and ICG-mediated-aPDT groups. In ATCC 10,231 strain, the XTT assay exhibited significant difference between ICG-mediated-aPDT and control groups (p < 0.0001). However, the ICG, laser, and ICG-mediated-aPDT groups in fluconazole-resistant strain showed significant differences when compared with the control (p < 0.05). The mean Candida CFUs and the XTT assay did not show any significant difference between the ATCC 10,231 and fluconazole-resistant strains with respect to each treatment. Data suggest ICG-mediated-aPDT could diminish Candida CFUs in laboratory; however, further studies are warranted to confirm its efficacy and safety to be applied in clinics.
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Voit T, Cieplik F, Regensburger J, Hiller KA, Gollmer A, Buchalla W, Maisch T. Spatial Distribution of a Porphyrin-Based Photosensitizer Reveals Mechanism of Photodynamic Inactivation of Candida albicans. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:641244. [PMID: 34350191 PMCID: PMC8326406 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.641244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach for the control of microbial and especially fungal infections such as mucosal mycosis. TMPyP [5,10,15, 20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-porphyrin tetra p-toluenesulfonate] is an effective photosensitizer (PS) that is commonly used in aPDT. The aim of this study was to examine the localization of TMPyP in Candida albicans before and after irradiation with visible light to get information about the cellular mechanism of antifungal action of the photodynamic process using this PS. Immediately after incubation of C. albicans with TMPyP, fluorescence microscopy revealed an accumulation of the PS in the cell envelope. After irradiation with blue light the complete cell showed red fluorescence, which indicates, that aPDT is leading to a damage in the cell wall with following influx of PS into the cytosol. Incubation of C. albicans with Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) could confirm the cell wall as primary binding site of TMPyP. The finding that the porphyrin accumulates in the fungal cell wall and does not enter the interior of the cell before irradiation makes it unlikely that resistances can emerge upon aPDT. The results of this study may help in further development and modification of PS in order to increase efficacy against fungal infections such as those caused by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Voit
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Private Practice, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anita Gollmer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Amphiphilic tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine provides effective photodynamic action to eradicate broad-spectrum microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:939-953. [PMID: 34255302 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivative, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+, was synthesized by ring expansion reaction of boron(III) [2,9(10),16(17)-trinitrosubphthalocyaninato]chloride. First, the reaction of this subphthalocyanine with 2,3-naphthalenedicarbonitrile and Zn(CH3COO)2 catalyzed by 8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene was used to obtain the A3B-type nitrophthalocyanine. After reduction of nitro groups with Na2S and exhaustive methylation of amino groups, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was formed in good yields. In addition, the tetracationic analog (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was synthesized to compare their properties. The absorption and fluorescence spectra showed the Q-bands and the red emission, respectively, which are characteristic of the Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivatives in N,N-dimethylformamide. Furthermore, photodynamic activity sensitized by these compounds was studied in the presence of different molecular probes to sense the formation of reactive oxygen species. (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ efficiently produced singlet molecular oxygen and also it sensitized the formation of superoxide anion radical in the presence of NADH, while the photodynamic activity of (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was very poor, possibly due to the partial formation of aggregates. Furthermore, the decomposition of L-tryptophan induced by (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was mainly mediated by a type II mechanism. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation sensitized by these phthalocyanines was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, as representative microbial cells. In cell suspensions, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was rapidly bound to microbial cells, showing bioimages with red fluorescence emission. After 5 min of irradiation with visible light, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was able to completely eliminate S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, using 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μM phthalocyanine, respectively. In contrast, a low photoinactivation activity was found with (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ as a photosensitizer. Therefore, the amphiphilic tricationic phthalocyanine (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ is a promising photosensitizing structure for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial phototherapeutic agent.
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12
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Eckl DB, Eben SS, Schottenhaml L, Eichner A, Vasold R, Späth A, Bäumler W, Huber H. Interplay of phosphate and carbonate ions with flavin photosensitizers in photodynamic inactivation of bacteria. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253212. [PMID: 34115813 PMCID: PMC8195418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of pathogenic bacteria is a promising technology in different applications. Thereby, a photosensitizer (PS) absorbs visible light and transfers the energy to oxygen yielding reactive oxygen species (ROS). The produced ROS are then capable of killing microorganisms via oxidative damage of cellular constituents. Among other PS, some flavins are capable of producing ROS and cationic flavins are already successfully applied in PDI. When PDI is used for example on tap water, PS like flavins will encounter various ions and other small organic molecules which might hamper the efficacy of PDI. Thus, the impact of carbonate and phosphate ions on PDI using two different cationic flavins (FLASH-02a, FLASH-06a) was investigated using Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as model organisms. Both were inactivated in vitro at a low light exposure of 0.72 J cm-2. Upon irradiation, FLASH-02a reacts to single substances in the presence of carbonate or phosphate, whereas the photochemical reaction for FLASH-06a was more unspecific. DPBF-assays indicated that carbonate and phosphate ions decreased the generation of singlet oxygen of both flavins. Both microorganisms could be easily inactivated by at least one PS with up to 6 log10 steps of cell counts in low ion concentrations. Using the constant radiation exposure of 0.72 J cm-2, the inactivation efficacy decreased somewhat at medium ion concentrations but reached almost zero for high ion concentrations. Depending on the application of PDI, the presence of carbonate and phosphate ions is unavoidable. Only upon light irradiation such ions may attack the PS molecule and reduce the efficacy of PDI. Our results indicate concentrations for carbonate and phosphate, in which PDI can still lead to efficient reduction of bacterial cells when using flavin based PS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura Schottenhaml
- Department of Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Eichner
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Vasold
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Bäumler
- Clinic and Polyclinic of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Huber
- Department of Microbiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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13
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Oliveira M, Tiwari BK, Duffy G. Emerging Technologies for Aerial Decontamination of Food Storage Environments to Eliminate Microbial Cross-Contamination. Foods 2020; 9:E1779. [PMID: 33266230 PMCID: PMC7759774 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air is recognized as an important source of microbial contamination in food production facilities and has the potential to contaminate the food product causing food safety and spoilage issues for the food industry. Potential for aerial microbial contamination of food can be a particular issue during storage in cold rooms when the food is not packaged and is exposed to contaminated air over a prolonged period. Thus, there are potential benefits for the food industry for an aerial decontamination in cold storage facilities. In this paper, aerial decontamination approaches are reviewed and challenges encountered for their applications are discussed. It is considered that current systems may not be completely effective and environmentally friendly, therefore, it is of great significance to consider the development of nonresidual and verified decontamination technologies for the food industry and, in particular, for the cold storage rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Oliveira
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Brijesh K. Tiwari
- Food Chemistry and Technology Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Geraldine Duffy
- Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, D15 KN3K Dublin, Ireland;
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14
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Dias VHC, Malacrida AM, Dos Santos AR, Batista AFP, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Braga G, Bona E, Caetano W, Mikcha JMG. pH interferes in photoinhibitory activity of curcumin nanoencapsulated with pluronic® P123 against Staphylococcus aureus. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 33:102085. [PMID: 33157329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Microbial contamination control is a public health concern and challenge for the food industry. Antimicrobial technologies employing natural agents may be useful in the food industry for these purposes. This work aimed to investigate the effect of photodynamic inactivation using curcumin in Pluronic® P123 nanoparticles (Cur/P123) at different pH and blue LED light against Staphylococcus aureus. Bacterial photoinactivation was conducted using different photosensitizer concentrations and exposure times at pH 5.0, 7.2 and 9.0. A mixture design was applied to evaluate the effects of exposure time (dark and light incubation) on the photoinhibitory effect. S. aureus was completely inactivated at pH 5.0 by combining low concentrations of Cur/P123 (7.80-30.25 μmol/L) and light doses (6.50-37.74 J/cm2). According to the mathematical model, dark incubation had low significance in bacterial inactivation at pH 5.0 and 9.0. No effect in bacterial inactivation was observed at pH 7.2. Cur/P123 with blue LED was effective in inactivating S. aureus. The antimicrobial effect of photodynamic inactivation was also pH-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Milene Malacrida
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Braga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Evandro Bona
- Department of Food, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Wilker Caetano
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jane Martha Graton Mikcha
- Department of Agrarian Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analyses and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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15
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Lesar A, Mušković M, Begić G, Lončarić M, Tomić Linšak D, Malatesti N, Gobin I. Cationic Porphyrins as Effective Agents in Photodynamic Inactivation of Opportunistic Plumbing Pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155367. [PMID: 32731616 PMCID: PMC7432253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is an environmental bacterium, an opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen that causes the Legionnaires’ disease. L. pneumophila presents a serious health hazard in building water systems, due to its high resistance to standard water disinfection methods. Our aim was to study the use of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) against Legionella. We investigated and compared the photobactericidal potential of five cationic dyes. We tested toluidine blue (TBO) and methylene blue (MB), and three 3-N-methylpyridylporphyrins, one tetra-cationic and two tri-cationic, one with a short (CH3) and the other with a long (C17H35) alkyl chain, against L. pneumophila in tap water and after irradiation with violet light. All tested dyes demonstrated a certain dark toxicity against L. pneumophila; porphyrins with lower minimal effective concentration (MEC) values than TBO and MB. Nanomolar MEC values, significantly lower than with TBO and MB, were obtained with all three porphyrins in PDI experiments, with amphiphilic porphyrin demonstrating the highest PDI activity. All tested dyes showed increasing PDI with longer irradiation (0–108 J/cm2), especially the two hydrophilic porphyrins. All three porphyrins caused significant changes in cell membrane permeability after irradiation and L. pneumophila, co-cultivated with Acanthamoeba castellanii after treatment with all three porphyrins and irradiation, did not recover in amoeba. We believe our results indicate the considerable potential of cationic porphyrins as effective anti-Legionella agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrija Lesar
- Bioinstitut d.o.o., R. Steinera 7, 40000 Čakovec, Croatia;
| | - Martina Mušković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Gabrijela Begić
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (G.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Martin Lončarić
- Photonics and Quantum Optics Unit, Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Dijana Tomić Linšak
- Department for Health Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-51-584-585; Fax: +385-51-584-599
| | - Ivana Gobin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (G.B.); (I.G.)
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16
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Buczek K, Trytek M, Deryło K, Borsuk G, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Gryko D, Cytryńska M, Tchórzewski M. Bioactivity studies of porphyrinoids against microsporidia isolated from honeybees. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11553. [PMID: 32665695 PMCID: PMC7360595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68420-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsporidian infections are dangerous to honeybees due to the absence of an efficient treatment for nosemosis. In the present work, the abilities of several porphyrins to directly inactivate microsporidia derived from Nosema-infected honeybees were studied in vitro. Amide derivatives of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) conjugated with one and two amino acid moieties were synthesized, and their activities were compared with those of two cationic porphyrins, TMePyP and TTMePP. The most active porphyrins, PP[Lys-Asp]2, PP[Lys-TFA]2, PP[Asp(ONa)2]2 and PP[Lys-Lys]2 at concentrations as low as 10–50 µM exerted significant effects on microsporidia, reducing the number of spores by 67–80% compared to the control. Live-cell imaging of the spores treated with porphyrins showed that only 1.6% and 3.0% of spores remained alive after 24 h-incubation with 50 µM PP[Asp(ONa)2]2 and PP[Lys-Asp]2, respectively. The length of the amino acid side chains and their identity in the PPIX molecules affected the bioactivity of the porphyrin. Importantly, the irradiation of the porphyrins did not enhance their potency in destroying Nosema spores. We showed that the porphyrins accumulated inside the living spores but not inside dead spores, thus the destruction of the microsporidia by non-metallated porphyrins is not dependent on photosensitization, but is associated with their active transport into the spore cell. When administered to honeybees in vivo, PPIX[Lys-TFA]2 and PPIX[Lys-Lys]2 reduced spore loads by 69–76% in infected individuals. They both had no toxic effect on honeybees, in contrast to zinc-coordinated porphyrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Buczek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Trytek
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kamil Deryło
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Cytryńska
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marek Tchórzewski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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17
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Alberdi E, Gómez C. Methylene blue vs methyl aminolevulinate photodynamic therapy in combination with oral terbinafine in the treatment of severe dermatophytic toenail onychomycosis: Short- and long-term effects. Mycoses 2020; 63:859-868. [PMID: 32506733 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) kills target microorganisms via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PDT seems to be a good alternative treatment option for onychomycosis. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of combined therapies based on oral terbinafine (TN) plus adjunctive PDT mediated by methylene blue (MB) (TN + MB/PDT) or methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) (TN + MAL/PDT) in the treatment of onychomycosis. METHODS Twenty patients affected by severe dermatophyte onychomycosis in the nails of the big toe (>60% disease involvement of target nail) received oral TN for 12 weeks and concomitantly were randomly allocated to receive nine sessions, separated by 2-week intervals, of urea (40%) plus a PDT protocol mediated by MB (TN + MB/PDT: group I) or mediated by MAL (TN + MAL/PDT: group II). Clinical and mycological efficacy was evaluated at 16-, 40- and 52-week follow-up. RESULTS Both protocols showed a significant decrease in Onychomycosis Severity Index (OSI) scores (P < .05), from 24.2 ± 4.6 to 0.7 ± 0.6 (group I)) and from 18.5 ± 10.1 to 2.1 ± 2.0 (group II). No side effects or complications were reported in any of the combinations used. Mycological cure rates were significantly higher during the last third of the evaluated period of time, reaching 100% and 90% in group I and group II, respectively, at the 52-week follow-up. In both modalities, complete cure was achieved in 70% of the patients at the 52-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS TN + MB/PDT and TN + MAL/PDT show similar outcomes in the treatment of toenails with severe onychomycosis. PDT is an effective method to accelerate the TN-mediated healing process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Gómez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Quiroga ED, Cordero P, Mora SJ, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. Mechanistic aspects in the photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans sensitized by a dimethylaminopropoxy porphyrin and its equivalent with cationic intrinsic charges. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101877. [PMID: 32534247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photocytotoxic effect induced by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N,N-trimethylaminepropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP+4) was examined in Candida albicans to obtain information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and cell damage. For this purpose, the photokilling of the yeast was investigated under anoxic conditions and cell suspensions in D2O. Moreover, photoinactivation of C. albicans was evaluated in presence of reactive oxygen species scavengers, such as sodium azide and d-mannitol. The results indicated that singlet molecular oxygen was the main reactive species involved in cell damage. On the other hand, the binding and distribution of these porphyrins in the cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Morphological damage was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating modifications in the cell envelopment. Furthermore, deformed cells were observed after photoinactivation of C. albicans by toluidine blue staining. In addition, modifications in the cell envelope due to the photodynamic activity was found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Similar photodamage was observed with both porphyrin, which mainly produced alterations in the cell barriers that lead to the photoinactivation of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel D Quiroga
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Cordero
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Jimena Mora
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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19
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Gong C, Li Y, Gao R, Xiao F, Zhou X, Wang H, Xu H, Wang R, Huang P, Zhao Y. Inactivation of specific spoilage organism (Pseudomonas) of sturgeon by curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101827. [PMID: 32445964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to measure the inactivation effect and mechanism of curcumin-mediated photodynamic inactivation (PDI) on the specific spoilage organism (Pseudomonas) of the sturgeon. The conditions of PDI used were as follows: 30 μM curcumin, 15 W LED light (470 nm) power and 90 s irradiation time. Under these conditions, the high-throughput sequencing was used to study the microbiota of sturgeon. The method of aerobic plate colony count (APC) was used to determine the viability of Pseudomonas after PDI. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the propidium iodide (PI) single staining method, and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to study the inactivation mechanism of PDI on Pseudomonas. The results showed that Pseudomonas was the specific spoilage organism of sturgeon, and PDI significantly inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas. The in-vitro inactivation rate of Pseudomonas was 99.9% with counts decreased by 3.19 ± 0.15 log10 CFU/mL. The mechanism of PDI to inactivate Pseudomonas is as follows. Firstly, the high-level structure of membrane protein was destroyed, and the cell membrane permeability was increased, which caused leakage of cellular content. Then the nucleic acid inside the cell was destroyed, which eventually caused the death of bacteria. These findings demonstrate that curcumin-mediated PDI can be utilized as an effective way to inactivate the specific spoilage organism (Pseudomonas) of the sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yujin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, 471023 Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhou
- Hisense (Shandong) Refrigerator Co., Ltd, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Hisense (Shandong) Refrigerator Co., Ltd, 266100 Qingdao, China
| | - He Xu
- Jiangsu Baoyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd., 222100 Lianyungang, China
| | - Ruihong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Pan Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Shinan District, 266003 Qingdao, China.
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20
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Ozturk I, Tunçel A, Yurt F, Biyiklioglu Z, Ince M, Ocakoglu K. Antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101715. [PMID: 32165338 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in the treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. Candida albicans is one of the most virulent and common species of fungi to cause invasive fungal infections on humans. Alternative treatment strategies, including photodynamic therapy, are needed for controlling these infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal photodynamic activities of phthalocyanine derivatives on C. albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of compounds were determined by the broth microdilution method. Uptake of the compounds in C. albicans and dark toxicity of the compounds were also investigated. Photodynamic inhibition of growth experiments was performed by measuring the colony-forming unit/mL (CFU/mL) of the strain. Maximum uptake into the cells was observed in the presence of 64 μg/mL concentration for each compound except for ZnPc. Compounds did not show dark toxicity/inhibitory effects at sub-MIC concentrations on C. albicans when compared to the negative control groups. Zn(II)Pc, ZnPc, and ZnPc-TiO2 showed fungicidal effect after irradiation with the light dose of 90 J/cm2 in the presence of the compounds. In addition to the fungicidal effects, SubPc, SubPc-TiO2, Es-SiPc, and Es-SubPc compounds were also found to have inhibitory effects on the growth of yeast cells after irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Ozturk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, 35620, Turkey.
| | - Ayça Tunçel
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey
| | - Fatma Yurt
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Department of Nuclear Applications, Ege University, Izmir, 35100, Turkey.
| | - Zekeriya Biyiklioglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Mine Ince
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, Mersin, 33400, Turkey
| | - Kasim Ocakoglu
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tarsus University, Mersin, 33400, Turkey
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Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo K, Carmello JC, Carolina Jordão C, Aboud Barbugli P, de Sousa Costa CA, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in Combination with Nystatin in the Treatment of Experimental Oral Candidiasis Induced by Candida albicans Resistant to Fluconazole. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030140. [PMID: 31540476 PMCID: PMC6789856 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It has been demonstrated that azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans have a greater resistance to antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) when compared to their more susceptible counterparts. For this reason, the present study evaluated the efficacy of aPDT, together with nystatin (NYS), in the treatment of oral candidiasis in vivo. Methods: Mice were infected with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (ATCC 96901). To perform the combined therapy, aPDT, mediated by Photodithazine (PDZ) and LED light, was used together with NYS. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated by microbiological, macroscopic, histopathological and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy analyses of the lesions. The expression of p21 and p53, proteins associated with cell death, from the tongues of mice, was also performed. Results: The combined therapy reduced the fungal viability by around 2.6 log10 and decreased the oral lesions and the inflammatory reaction. Additionally, it stimulated the production of p53 and p21. Conclusions: The combined therapy is a promising alternative treatment for oral candidiasis induced by C. albicans resistant to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem Janeth Rimachi Hidalgo
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Carolina Jordão
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paula Aboud Barbugli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Alberto de Sousa Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Claudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara 14801-903, SP, Brazil.
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COSTA HERTONRODRIGOTAVARES, GUIMARÃES ELAINEAPARECIDADELBELBELLUZ, TEDESCO ANTÔNIOCLAUDIO, PRIMO FERNANDOLUCAS, SILVA CÉLIAAPARECIDADA, LOPES LUCIANAALMEIDA, ZANARDI LISINÉIAMARIA, DEFINO HELTONLUIZAPARECIDO. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE NEUROTOXIC EFFECTS OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON THE SPINAL CORD. COLUNA/COLUMNA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1808-185120191803214848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the dura mater using the photosensitizers aluminum chloride phthalocyanine and methylene blue in in vivo assays. Methods Fifty-six male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; one submitted to PDT and the other submitted to the photosensitizers without their photoactivation (control). The photosensitizers were applied to the dura mater after laminectomy at the T10 level. The methods used for assessment were the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) functional evaluation scale and study of the dura mater by light microscopy. Results No changes in motor activity were observed in the animals submitted to PDT compared to control. Histological and pathological evaluation did not show any differences between the group exposed to activated photosensitizers and the control group with regard to the inflammatory process and tissue necrosis. Conclusion The joint use of PDT with the photosensitizing pharmaceuticals aluminum chloride phthalocyanine and methylene blue did not induce any clinical neurotoxic effects or histological changes in the dura mater of the animals studied. Level de evidence V; Expert Opnion.
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Yang Y, Wang C, Zhuge Y, Zhang J, Xu K, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Chen H, Chu M, Jia C. Photodynamic Antifungal Activity of Hypocrellin A Against Candida albicans. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1810. [PMID: 31447816 PMCID: PMC6691099 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that hypocrellin A (HA) exhibits effective antimicrobial activities with proper irradiation. However, its antifungal activity and the involved mechanism have not been fully defined. In this study, HA-mediated cytotoxicity in Candida albicans cells was evaluated after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). The results showed that 1.0 μg/ml HA significantly decreased the survival rate of C. albicans cells with light illumination. Moreover, the ROS levels were also remarkably elevated by HA. Further study found that HA combined with illumination led to cell membrane potential depolarization and cell membrane integrity damage. To investigate the form of cell death, a series of apoptosis-related parameters, including mitochondrial transmembrane potential, metacaspase activity, DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation, and cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium, were analyzed. Data showed that all the above mentioned apoptosis hallmarks were affected after treatment with HA, indicating that HA induced C. albicans cell apoptosis. Finally, HA-mediated aPDT was demonstrated to be low-toxic and effective in treating cutaneous C. albicans infections. This study highlights the antifungal effect and mechanism of HA-mediated aPDT against C. albicans and provides a promising photodynamic antifungal candidate for C. albicans skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglu Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingzhi Zhuge
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qilu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Children's Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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24
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Wei Q, Jiang S, Zhu R, Wang X, Wang S, Wang Q. Injectable Peptide Hydrogel Enables Integrated Tandem Enzymes' Superactivity for Cancer Therapy. iScience 2019; 14:27-35. [PMID: 30921734 PMCID: PMC6438909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of the levels of reactive oxygen species and other toxic radicals is an emerging strategy to treat certain cancers by modulating the redox status of cancer cells. The biocatalytic upregulation of singlet oxygen by neutrophilic leukocytes should utilize robust enzymes and design carriers with protective microenvironment. Here, we utilize GOx-CPO as integrated tandem enzymes to in situ generate singlet oxygen, which could be not only for oxidative cross-linking of injectable hydrogel carriers but also for continuous tumor treatment by adjustable bioconversion of blood oxygen, glucose, and chloride ion. The tandem enzymes self-restrained within peptide hydrogel exhibited superactivity for upregulating singlet oxygen relative to free enzymes, which also avoids the diffusion of enzymes from tumor. This work will not only deepen the study of enzymes in biocatalysis but also offer an enzyme therapeutic modality for treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingcong Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shilong Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Qigang Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Research Center for Translational Medicine at East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Improved bactericidal capacity of UV-B radiation against E. coli strains by photosensitizing bacteria with fructosazine - An advanced Maillard reaction product. Food Chem 2019; 271:354-361. [PMID: 30236687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of UV-B irradiation and the combinational effect with glucosamine caramel, fructosazine and riboflavin on the antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) and two strains of Escherichia coli (AW 1.7 and ATCC 25922). The quantum yield of fructosazine was two times less than that of tryptophan, indicating its ability to emit fluorescent light but less efficiently than tryptophan. UV-B treatment alone was efficient to achieve a bactericidal effect for both E. coli stains tested, however no effect was found for Bacillus subtilis for up to 80 mJ/cm2 UV-B. The combination of UV-B with photosensitizers fructosazine, glucosamine caramel and riboflavin enhanced the UV-B efficacy against E. coli strains at lower UV-B doses, while Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was more resistant to the treatment combinations. High-performance liquid chromatography showed the production of different fructosazine reaction products occurred during irradiation, including the possible formation of endoperoxides.
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26
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Lin Y, Zhong W, Dong C, Zhang C, Feng X, Zhang A. Synthesis and Antifungal Activities of Amphiphilic PDMS-b-QPDMAEMA Copolymers on Rhizoctonia solani. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:2062-2072. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Lin
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641 Guangdong, China
| | - Chenyun Dong
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641 Guangdong, China
| | - Xixiang Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641 Guangdong, China
| | - Anqiang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510641 Guangdong, China
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27
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Mathematical models and fractal analysis for the investigation of the photodynamic inactivation in phytopathogenic microorganisms. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 171:285-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Curcumin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23082075. [PMID: 30126245 PMCID: PMC6222858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as an alternative method for oral candidiasis (OC), while nanocarriers have been used to improve the water solubility of curcumin (CUR). The aim of this study is to encapsulate CUR in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and to evaluate its photodynamic effects on a murine model of OC. Anionic and cationic CUR-NP is synthesized using poly-lactic acid and dextran sulfate and then characterized. Female mice are immunosuppressed and inoculated with Candida albicans (Ca) to induce OC. aPDT is performed by applying CUR-NP or free CUR on the dorsum of the tongue, followed by blue light irradiation for five consecutive days. Nystatin is used as positive control. Afterward, Ca are recovered and cultivated. Animals are euthanized for histological, immunohistochemical, and DNA damage evaluation. Encapsulation in NP improves the water solubility of CUR. Nystatin shows the highest reduction of Ca, followed by aPDT mediated by free CUR, which results in immunolabelling of cytokeratins closer to those observed for healthy animals. Anionic CUR-NP does not show antifungal effect, and cationic CUR-NP reduces Ca even in the absence of light. DNA damage is associated with Ca infection. Consecutive aPDT application is a safe treatment for OC.
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Wang C, Yang Z, Peng Y, Guo Y, Yao M, Dong J. Application of 460 nm visible light for the elimination of Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2017-2026. [PMID: 29956765 PMCID: PMC6072199 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the eradicating effects of 460 nm blue light (BL) on Candida albicans in vitro and in C. albicans-infected skin wounds in a mouse model. In the present study, the antifungal effects of irradiation with BL on C. albicans in vitro and in vivo were investigated. C. albicans colonies and cell numbers were investigated using the spread plate method and flow cytometry respectively following treatment with BL irradiation. In order to determine whether BL can eradicate C. albicans cells within biofilms, an in vitro C. albicans biofilm model was established, and the effect of BL was subsequently investigated using a confocal laser scanning microscope and a Live/Dead staining kit. Furthermore, a mouse skin wound infection model infected with C. albicans was established. Wound healing rates and histological examinations were determined 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days post-wounding. The results revealed that C. albicans was eradicated by BL in a dose-dependent manner, with a minimum fluence of 60 J/cm2. Irradiation with BL almost completely eradicated C. albicans when the light fluence was 240 J/cm2. C. albicans inside biofilms was also eradicated and biofilms were destroyed following BL irradiation at 240 J/cm2. In addition, BL was revealed to significantly suppress C. albicans infection in vivo. Irradiation with BL promoted the wound healing of C. albicans infected-skin wounds in a mouse model. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that 460 nm BL may eradicate planktonic and biofilm C. albicans in vitro, and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of C. albicans infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Yinbo Peng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233000, P.R. China
| | - Min Yao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
| | - Jiying Dong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, P.R. China
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Pereira NM, Feitosa LS, Navarro RS, Kozusny-Andreani DI, Carvalho NMP. Use of photodynamic inactivation for in vitro reduction of prevalent bacteria in Fournier's Gangrene. Int Braz J Urol 2018; 44:150-155. [PMID: 29219279 PMCID: PMC5815545 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2017.0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fournier's Gangrene (FG) is an infectious disease caused by several synergic microbes, with high morbidity and mortality rates; therefore, the search for new less invasive and mutilating treatments, with faster recovery, has been proposed. Surgical intervention, the use of several systemic and topic antibiotics, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy are currently the best approach for the treatment of these patients. The use of Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) aims to lower morbidity and mortality, by reducing bacterial microbiota and speeding wound healing. In the present study, viable bacteria were separated in four groups: Group L-/F- (no irradiation with red laser and absence of methylene blue photosensitizer), Group L-/F+ (no irradiation with red laser and presence of methylene blue), Group L+/F- (irradiation with red laser and absence of methylene blue) and L+/F+ (irradiation with red laser associated to methylene blue). In all groups, exposure time to treatment was 5, 10 and 15 minutes. The concentration of methylene blue photosensitizer was 0.1mg/L, and the dose of red laser (660nm wave length) was 176.9mW/cm2. Following irradiation, the reduction of number of bacteria was evaluated, and the results were expressed in colony forming units (CFU) and as exponential reduction. As the main results, in the L+/F+ group, there were no Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus CFUs and there was a reduction of Escherichia coli that was not observed in the other groups.
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Dong S, Shi H, Zhang X, Chen X, Cao D, Mao C, Gao X, Wang L. Difunctional bacteriophage conjugated with photosensitizers for Candida albicans-targeting photodynamic inactivation. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2199-2216. [PMID: 29692614 PMCID: PMC5903486 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s156815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal pathogen of the human microbiota, causing infections ranging from superficial infections of the skin to life-threatening systemic infections. Due to the increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant C. albicans strains, new approaches to control this pathogen are needed. Photodynamic inactivation is an emerging alternative to treat infections based on the interactions between visible light and photosensitisers, in which pheophorbide a (PPA) is a chlorophyll-based photosensitizer that could induce cell death after light irradiation. Due to PPA’s phototoxicity and low efficiency, the main challenge is to implement photosensitizer cell targeting and attacking. Methods In this study, PPA was conjugated with JM-phage by EDC/NHS crosslinking. UV-Vis spectra was used to determine the optimum conjugation percentages of PPA and JM-phage complex for photodynamic inactivation. After photodynamic inactivation, the efficacy of PPA-JM-phage was assessed by performing in vitro experiments, such as MTS assay, scanning electron microscopy, measurement of dysfunctional mitochondria, ROS accumulation, S cell arrest and apoptotic pathway. Results A single-chain variable-fragment phage (JM) with high affinity to MP65 was screened from human single-fold single-chain variable-fragment libraries and designed as a binding target for C. albicans cells. Subsequently, PPa was integrated into JM phage to generate a combined nanoscale material, which was called PPA-JM-phage. After photodynamic inactivation, the growth of C. albicans was inhibited by PPA-JM-phage and apoptosis was observed. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed shrinking and rupturing of C. albicans. We also found that depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were elevated significantly in C. albicans inhibited by PPA-JM-phage. Additionally, PPA-JM-phage also lead to S-phase arrest, and metacaspase activation resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction was also found to be involved in C. albicans apoptosis. Conclusion PPa-JM-phage may induce C. albicans apoptosis through a caspase-dependent pathway and the results herein shed light on the potential application of phtototherapeutic nanostructures in fungal inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University.,First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Hongxi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University.,First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
| | - Donghui Cao
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University
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Zhou S, Sun Z, Ye Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Xing L, Qiu H, Huang N, Luo Y, Zhao Y, Gu Y. In vitro photodynamic inactivation effects of benzylidene cyclopentanone photosensitizers on clinical fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 22:178-186. [PMID: 29626527 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Candida infections has increased for various reasons, including, the more frequent use of immunosuppresants or broad-spectrum antibiotics. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach for treating localized Candida infections. METHODS The PDI efficacies of three benzylidene cyclopentanone-based (BCB) photosensitizers (PSs: P1, P2 and Y1) against three fluconazole-resistant C. albicans (cal-1, cal-2, and cal-3) and one control C. albicans (ATCC 90028), respectively, were evaluated using an established plate dilution method. The binding of PSs to C. albicans was determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. The mechanism of antifungal PDI was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Three BCB PSs all bound rapidly to C. albicans. After incubation with PSs for 30 min and irradiation with a 532 nm laser for 10 min (40 mW cm-2, 24 J cm-2), the fungicidal activity was achieved as 7.5 μM for P1 and P2, and 25 μM for Y1. CLSM confirmed that P1 and Y1 were located in intracellular components, including mitochondria, while P2 bound to the protoplast exterior and failed to enter the cells. TEM revealed the damage of mitochondria ultrastructures after P1- or Y1-mediated PDI, consistenting with the CLSM results. However, most cells became edematous, enlarged or deformation after P2-mediated PDI. CONCLUSIONS The three BCB PSs all have remarkable PDI effects on C. albicans. The best effect is obtained by P1, which has one cationic charge with a proper lipophilicity. The respective subcellular localization of the three PSs led to different PDI mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaona Zhou
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zulin Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Leili Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Xing
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Haixia Qiu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Naiyan Huang
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Microbiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Laser Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Ptaszyńska AA, Trytek M, Borsuk G, Buczek K, Rybicka-Jasińska K, Gryko D. Porphyrins inactivate Nosema spp. microsporidia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5523. [PMID: 29615690 PMCID: PMC5882804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of organic/inorganic molecules with activity against intracellular fungi of the phylum Microsporidia is of critical importance. Here, for the first time, the inactivation of these parasitic fungi by porphyrins is reported. The biological effects of porphyrins (10 µM and 100 µM) on the microsporidian Nosema ceranae was investigated in honeybee hosts using cage experiments. A significant reduction in the number of spores (from 2.6 to 5 fold) was observed in Nosema-infected honeybees with a sucrose-protoporphyrin amide [PP(Asp)2] syrup diet compared to the control honeybees. PP(Asp)2 and the other porphyrin examined in vitro, TMePyP, had a direct impact on the microsporidia. Notably, neither porphyrin requires light excitation to be active against microsporidia. Moreover, microsporidia preincubated with these porphyrins exhibited decreased ability to infect honeybees. In particular, PP(Asp)2, possessing amphiphilic characteristics, exhibited significant inactivation of microsporidia, preventing the development of the microsporidia and diminishing the mortality of infected honeybees. In addition, the porphyrin-treated spores examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed morphological changes in their exosporium layers, which were distinctly deformed. Thus, we postulate that the mechanism of action of porphyrins on microsporidia is not based on photodynamic inactivation but on the destruction of the cell walls of the spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta A Ptaszyńska
- Department of Botany and Mycology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Trytek
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Borsuk
- Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Buczek
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland.
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Tomb RM, White TA, Coia JE, Anderson JG, MacGregor SJ, Maclean M. Review of the Comparative Susceptibility of Microbial Species to Photoinactivation Using 380-480 nm Violet-Blue Light. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:445-458. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M. Tomb
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Tracy A. White
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - John E. Coia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology; Glasgow Royal Infirmary; Glasgow UK
| | - John G. Anderson
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Scott J. MacGregor
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
| | - Michelle Maclean
- The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST); Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Strathclyde; Glasgow UK
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Brancini GTP, Rodrigues GB, Rambaldi MDSL, Izumi C, Yatsuda AP, Wainwright M, Rosa JC, Braga GÚL. The effects of photodynamic treatment with new methylene blue N on the Candida albicans proteome. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 15:1503-1513. [PMID: 27830217 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is a human pathogenic fungus mainly affecting immunocompromised patients. Resistance to the commonly used fungicides can lead to poor treatment of mucosal infections which, in turn, can result in life-threatening systemic candidiasis. In this scenario, antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (PDT) has emerged as an effective alternative to treat superficial and localized fungal infections. Microbial death in PDT is a consequence of the oxidation of many cellular biomolecules, including proteins. Here, we report a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry to study the protein damage resulting from treating C. albicans with PDT with new methylene blue N and red light. Two-dimensional gels of treated cells showed an increase in acidic spots in a fluence-dependent manner. Amino acid analysis revealed a decrease in the histidine content after PDT, which is one plausible explanation for the observed acidic shift. However, some protein spots remained unchanged. Protein identification by mass spectrometry revealed that both modified and unmodified proteins could be localized to the cytoplasm, ruling out subcellular location as the only explanation for damage selectivity. Therefore, we hypothesize that protein modification by PDT is a consequence of both photosensitizer binding affinity and the degree of exposure of the photooxidizable residues on the protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriela Braga Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Clarice Izumi
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Ana Patrícia Yatsuda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - José César Rosa
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Úbida Leite Braga
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Reynoso E, Quiroga ED, Agazzi ML, Ballatore MB, Bertolotti SG, Durantini EN. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms sensitized by cationic BODIPY derivatives potentiated by potassium iodide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1524-1536. [PMID: 28836645 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00204a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation mediated by 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-[4-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)phenyl]-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 3 and 8-[4-(3-(N,N,N-trimethylamino)propoxy)phenyl]-4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene 4 was investigated on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. In vitro experiments indicated that BODIPYs 3 and 4 were rapidly bound to microbial cells at short incubation periods. Also, fluorescence microscopy images showed green emission of BODIPYs bound to microbial cells. Photosensitized inactivation improved with an increase of the irradiation time. Similar photoinactivation activities were found for both BODIPYs in bacteria. The photoinactivation induced by these BODIPYs was effective for both bacteria. However, the Gram-positive bacterium was inactivated sooner and with a lower concentration of a photosensitizer than the Gram-negative bacterium. After 15 min irradiation, the complete eradication of S. aureus was obtained with 1 μM photosensitizer. A reduction of 4.5 log in the E. coli viability was found when using 5 μM photosensitizer and 30 min irradiation. Also, the last conditions produced a decrease of 4.5 log in C. albicans cells treated with BODIPY 3, while 4 was poorly effective. On the other hand, the effect of the addition of KI on photoinactivation at different irradiation periods and salt concentrations was investigated. A smaller effect was observed in S. aureus because the photosensitizers alone were already very effective. In E. coli, photokilling potentiation was mainly found at longer irradiation periods. Moreover, the photoinactivation of C. albicans mediated by these BODIPYs was increased in the presence of KI. In solution, an increase in the formation of the BODIPY triplet states was observed with the addition of the salt, due to the effect of external heavy atoms. The greater intersystem crossing together with the formation of reactive iodine species induced by BODIPYs may be contributing to enhance the inactivation of microorganisms. Therefore, these BODIPYs represent interesting photosensitizers to inactivate microorganisms. In particular, BODIPY 3 in combination with KI was highly effective as a broad spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Houang J, Perrone G, Mawad D, Boughton PC, Ruys AJ, Lauto A. Light treatments of nail fungal infections. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700350. [PMID: 29227574 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nail fungal infections are notoriously persistent and difficult to treat which can lead to severe health impacts, particularly in the immunocompromized. Current antifungal treatments, including systemic and topical drugs, are prolonged and do not effectively provide a complete cure. Severe side effects are also associated with systemic antifungals, such as hepatotoxicity. Light treatments of onychomycosis are an emerging therapy that has localized photodynamic, photothermal or photoablative action. These treatments have shown to be an effective alternative to traditional antifungal remedies with comparable or better cure rates achieved in shorter times and without systemic side effects. This report reviews significant clinical and experimental studies in the field, highlighting mechanisms of action and major effects related to light therapy; in particular, the impact of light on fungal genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Houang
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gabriel Perrone
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Damia Mawad
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine and ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip C Boughton
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Ruys
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Biomedical Engineering & Neuroscience Research Group, The MARCS Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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38
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Hsieh YH, Zhang JH, Chuang WC, Yu KH, Huang XB, Lee YC, Lee CI. An in Vitro Study on the Effect of Combined Treatment with Photodynamic and Chemical Therapies on Candida albicans. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020337. [PMID: 29364155 PMCID: PMC5855559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most commonly encountered human fungal pathogen, and it is traditionally treated with antimicrobial chemical agents. The antimicrobial effect of these agents is largely weakened by drug resistance and biofilm-associated virulence. Enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of existing agents is needed for effective candidiasis treatment. Our aim was to develop a therapy that combined biofilm disruption with existing antimicrobial agents. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizing curcumin and blue light was tested as an independent therapy and in combination with fluconazole treatment. Viability assays and morphology analysis were used to assess the effectiveness of C. albicans treatment. Results showed that fluconazole treatment decreased the viability of planktonic C. albicans, but the decrease was not as pronounced in adherent C. albicans because its biofilm form was markedly more resistant to the antimicrobiotic. PDT effectively eradicated C. albicans biofilms, and when combined with fluconazole, PDT significantly inhibited C. albicans to a greater extent. This study suggests that the addition of PDT to fluconazole to treat C. albicans infection enhances its effectiveness and can potentially be used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsuan Hsieh
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Buddhist Dalin Tzu Chi General Hospital, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Hui Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ching Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Hua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Xian-Bin Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-I Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan.
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da Silva BGM, Carvalho ML, Rosseti IB, Zamuner S, Costa MS. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) using toluidine blue inhibits both growth and biofilm formation by Candida krusei. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:983-990. [PMID: 29332258 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Among non-albicans Candida species, the opportunistic pathogen Candida krusei emerges because of the high mortality related to infections produced by this yeast. The Candida krusei is an opportunistic pathogen presenting an intrinsic resistance to fluconazol. In spite of the reduced number of infections produced by C. krusei, its occurrence is increasing in some groups of patients submitted to the use of fluconazol for prophylaxis. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is a potential antimicrobial therapy that combines visible light and a nontoxic dye, known as a photosensitizer, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill the treated cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PACT, using toluidine blue, as a photosensitizer on both growth and biofilm formation by Candida krusei. In this work, we studied the effect of the PACT, using TB on both cell growth and biofilm formation by C. krusei. PACT was performed using a light source with output power of 0.068 W and peak wavelength of 630 nm, resulting in a fluence of 20, 30, or 40 J/cm2. In addition, ROS production was determined after PACT. The number of samples used in this study varied from 6 to 8. Statistical differences were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc comparison with Tukey-Kramer test. PACT inhibited both growth and biofilm formation by C. krusei. It was also observed that PACT stimulated ROS production. Comparing to cells not irradiated, irradiation was able to increase ROS production in 11.43, 6.27, and 4.37 times, in the presence of TB 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that the inhibition observed in the cell growth after PACT could be related to the ROS production, promoting cellular damage. Taken together, these results demonstrated the ability of PACT reducing both cell growth and biofilm formation by C. krusei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Graziele Marques da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Moisés Lopes Carvalho
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12244-000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Bueno Rosseti
- Anhanguera Educacional, Av. Doutor João Batista de Souza Soares, 4009-Jardim Morumbi, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Stella Zamuner
- Posgraduated Program in Medicine, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maricilia Silva Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (IP&D), Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, São José dos Campos, CEP: 12244-000, Brazil.
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40
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Romano RA, Pratavieira S, Silva APD, Kurachi C, Guimarães FEG. Light-driven photosensitizer uptake increases Candida albicans photodynamic inactivation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:1538-1546. [PMID: 28464559 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) is based on the use of a photosensitizer (PS) and light that results mainly in the production of reactive oxygen species, aiming to produce microorganism cell death. PS incubation time and light dose are key protocol parameters that influence PDI response; the correct choice of them can increase the efficiency of inactivation. The results of this study show that a minor change in the PDI protocol, namely light-driven incubation leads to a higher photosensitizer and more uniform cell uptake inside the irradiated zone. Furthermore, as the uptake increases, the damage caused by PDI also increases. The proposed light-driven incubation prior to the inactivation illumination dose has advantages when compared to the traditional PDI treatments since it can be more selective and effective. Using a violet light as pre-illumination (light-driven incubation) source and a red-light system as PDI source, it was possible to demonstrate that when compared to the traditional protocol of dark incubation, the pre-illuminated cell culture showed an inactivation increase of 7 log units. These in vitro results performed in Candida albicans cells may result in the introduction of a new protocol for PDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan A Romano
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Pratavieira
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana P da Silva
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco E G Guimarães
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, PO Box 369, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Pérez-Laguna V, Pérez-Artiaga L, Lampaya-Pérez V, López SC, García-Luque I, Revillo MJ, Nonell S, Gilaberte Y, Rezusta A. Comparative effect of photodynamic therapy on separated or mixed cultures of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:98-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Wahy AHE, Ismail AR, Kana MTA, Negm NA. Synthesis and characterization of novel bis-(4-methylcoumarin) derivatives as photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Kashef N, Huang YY, Hamblin MR. Advances in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation at the nanoscale. NANOPHOTONICS 2017; 6:853-879. [PMID: 29226063 PMCID: PMC5720168 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2016-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The alarming worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance amongst microbial pathogens necessitates a search for new antimicrobial techniques, which will not be affected by, or indeed cause resistance themselves. Light-mediated photoinactivation is one such technique that takes advantage of the whole spectrum of light to destroy a broad spectrum of pathogens. Many of these photoinactivation techniques rely on the participation of a diverse range of nanoparticles and nanostructures that have dimensions very similar to the wavelength of light. Photodynamic inactivation relies on the photochemical production of singlet oxygen from photosensitizing dyes (type II pathway) that can benefit remarkably from formulation in nanoparticle-based drug delivery vehicles. Fullerenes are a closed-cage carbon allotrope nanoparticle with a high absorption coefficient and triplet yield. Their photochemistry is highly dependent on microenvironment, and can be type II in organic solvents and type I (hydroxyl radicals) in a biological milieu. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles act as a large band-gap semiconductor that can carry out photo-induced electron transfer under ultraviolet A light and can also produce reactive oxygen species that kill microbial cells. We discuss some recent studies in which quite remarkable potentiation of microbial killing (up to six logs) can be obtained by the addition of simple inorganic salts such as the non-toxic sodium/potassium iodide, bromide, nitrite, and even the toxic sodium azide. Interesting mechanistic insights were obtained to explain this increased killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kashef
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tomé FM, Paula Ramos LD, Freire F, Pereira CA, de Oliveira ICB, Junqueira JC, Jorge AOC, Oliveira LDD. Influence of sucrose on growth and sensitivity of Candida albicans alone and in combination with Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans to photodynamic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2017; 32:1237-1243. [PMID: 28389898 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-017-2201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study has evaluated the effects of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) using erythrosine as photosensitizer and green light-emitting diode (LED) on biofilms of Candida albicans alone and in combination with Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans. We have also evaluated the effect of sucrose on biofilm formation and bacterial growth and sensitivity to PDI. Biofilms were formed in suspension of 106 cells/ml on plates before being grown in broth culture with and without sucrose and incubated for 48 h. Next, the treatment was applied using erythrosine at a concentration of 400 μM for 5 min and green LED (532 ± 10 nm) for 3 min on biofilms alone and in combination. The plates were washed and sonicated to disperse the biofilms, and serial dilutions were carried and aliquots seeded in Sabouraud agar before incubation for 48 h. Next, the colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml; log10) were counted and analyzed statistically (ANOVA, Tukey test, P ≤ 0.05). Results show that S. mutans favors the growth of C. albicans in biofilms with sucrose, with treatment not being effective. However, when the biofilm was grown without sucrose, we found a reduction in biofilm formation and a significant decrease in the PDI treatment (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, both growth and sensitivity to PDI in biofilms of C. albicans are strongly influenced by bacterial combination, and the presence of sucrose affected directly the growth and sensitivity of the biofilm to PDI as sucrose is the substrate for construction of the exopolysaccharide matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Malagutti Tomé
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil.
| | - Lucas De Paula Ramos
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Freire
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aparecida Pereira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Christine Barbosa de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Campos Junqueira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Olavo Cardoso Jorge
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science and Technology, São José dos Campos, Francisco José Longo 777, São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, 12245-000, Brazil
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45
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Malatesti N, Harej A, Kraljević Pavelić S, Lončarić M, Zorc H, Wittine K, Andjelkovic U, Josic D. Synthesis, characterisation and in vitro investigation of photodynamic activity of 5-(4-octadecanamidophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl)porphyrin trichloride on HeLa cells using low light fluence rate. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:115-26. [PMID: 27431589 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment that aims to kill cancer cells by reactive oxygen species, mainly singlet oxygen, produced through light activation of a photosensitiser (PS). Amongst photosensitisers that attracted the most attention in the last decade are cationic and amphiphilic molecules based on porphyrin, chlorin and phthalocyanine structures. Our aim was to join this search for more optimal balance of the lipophilic and hydrophilic moieties in a PS. A new amphiphilic porphyrin, 5-(4-octadecanamidophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl)porphyrin trichloride (5) was synthesised and characterised by (1)H NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, and by MALDI-TOF/TOF spectrometry. In vitro photodynamic activity of 5 was evaluated on HeLa cell lines and compared to the activity of the hydrophilic 5-(4-acetamidophenyl)-10,15,20-tris(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl)porphyrin trichloride (7). Low fluence rate (2mWcm(-2)) of red light (643nm) was used for the activation, and both porphyrins showed a drug dose-response as well as a light dose-response relationship, but the amphiphilic porphyrin was presented with significantly lower IC50 values. The obtained IC50 values for 5 were 1.4μM at 15min irradiation time and 0.7μM when the time of irradiation was 30min, while for 7 these values were 37 and 6 times higher, respectively. These results confirm the importance of the lipophilic component in a PS and show a potential for 5 to be used as a PS in PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Anja Harej
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Martin Lončarić
- Laboratory for Photonics and Quantum Optics, Division of Experimental Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Hrvoje Zorc
- Laboratory of Optics and Optical Thin Films, Division of Materials Physics, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Karlo Wittine
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Uros Andjelkovic
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Djuro Josic
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for high-throughput technologies, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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dos Santos KF, da Silva RJ, Romio KB, Souto PC, Silva JR, de Souza NC. Spray layer-by-layer films for photodynamic inactivation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:197-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gorza FDS, da Silva RJ, Trescher TF, Pedro GC, de Sousa MAO, Souto PCS, Silva JR, de Souza NC. Immobilization of chlorophyll by using layer-by-layer technique for controlled release systems and photodynamic inactivation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:147-55. [PMID: 27375091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of systems for the controlled release of drugs is important because they allow the control of drug absorption and tissue distribution and also can reduce local toxicity. This study aimed to assemble and characterize two types of release systems, consisting of layer-by-layer films obtained from poly(allylamine) hydrochloride with chlorophyll (PAH/CHL films) or chlorophyll incorporated into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes (PAH/Lip+CHL films). For these systems, the molecular aggregation, growth process, thermally stimulated desorption, wettability, and controlling release of CHL was studied by using UV-vis spectroscopy and wetting contact angle analysis. In addition, experiments of photodynamic inactivation using PAH/CHL or PAH/Lip+CHL films with a 633-nm laser light were performed and the susceptibility of Candida albicans (C. albicans) to this approach was examined. Fluorescence and atomic force microscopies were used to investigate the surface morphology after the application of the photoinactivation procedure. A redshift of the UV-vis spectrum associated to films when compared with the spectrum of the CHL solution indicated a molecular aggregation of CHL molecules in the films. The film growth process was determined by a nucleation and a growth of spheroids or rods for either PAH/Lip+CHL or PAH/CHL films, respectively. Thermally activated desorption experiments indicated that interactions between CHL and PAH (126kJ/mol) in PAH/CHL or between Lip+CHL and PAH (140kJ/mol) in PAH/Lip+CHL films may be governed by electrostatic interactions. The wettability of PAH/Lip+CHL films was larger than that for PAH/CHL films, which can be attributed to hydrophilic groups on the surface of the DPPC liposomes. Release experiments revealed that free CHL in PAH/CHL films was released more slowly than its partner incorporated into liposomes. After the photodynamic inactivation, results of survival fraction and fluorescence microscopy revealed that C. albicans presented similar susceptibility for the two kinds of films. AFM supported the fluorescence one suggesting that cell death of C. albicans may occur due to damages to its cell wall by C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe D S Gorza
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Romário J da Silva
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Tarquin F Trescher
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Graciela C Pedro
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Maria A Oliveira de Sousa
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Paula C S Souto
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Josmary R Silva
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nara C de Souza
- Grupo de Materiais Nanoestruturados, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
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Carmello JC, Alves F, G. Basso F, de Souza Costa CA, Bagnato VS, Mima EGDO, Pavarina AC. Treatment of Oral Candidiasis Using Photodithazine®- Mediated Photodynamic Therapy In Vivo. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156947. [PMID: 27253525 PMCID: PMC4890797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the treatment of oral candidiasis in a murine model using Photodithazine® (PDZ). This model of oral candidiasis was developed to allow the monitoring of the infection and the establishment of the aPDT treatment. Six-week-old female mice were immunosuppressed and inoculated with C. albicans to induce oral candidiasis. PDZ-mediated aPDT and nystatin treatment were carried out for 5 consecutive days with one application per day. The macroscopic evaluation of oral lesions was performed. After each treatment, the tongue was swabbed to recover C. albicans cells. Viable colonies were quantified and the number of CFU/ml determined. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours and 7 days after treatment and the tongues were surgically removed for histological analysis and analysis of inflammatory cytokines expression (IL-1, TNF-α and IL-6) by RT-qPCR. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. PDZ-mediated aPDT was as effective as Nystatin (NYS group) in the inactivation of C. albicans, reducing 3 and 3.2 logs10 respectively, 24 h after treatment (p<0.05). Animals underwent PDZ-mediated aPDT showed complete remission of oral lesions, while animals treated with NYS presented partial remission of oral lesions in both periods assessed. Histological evaluation revealed mild inflammatory infiltrate in the groups treated with aPDT and NYS in both periods assessed. The aPDT induced the TNF-α expression when compared with the control (P-L-) (p<0.05), 24 h and 7 days after treatment. In summary, the murine model developed here was able to mimic the infection and PDZ-mediated aPDT was effective to treat mice with oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cabrini Carmello
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alves
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Pavarina
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara Dental School, UNESP- Univ Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Effect of photodynamic therapy with two photosensitizers on Candida albicans. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 158:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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50
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Vandresen CC, Gonçalves AG, Ducatti DRB, Murakami FS, Noseda MD, Duarte MER, Barreira SMW. In vitro photodynamic inactivation of conidia of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum graminicola with cationic porphyrins. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:673-81. [PMID: 27109559 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00372e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an efficient approach for the elimination of a series of microorganisms; however, PDI involving phytopathogenic filamentous fungi is scarce in the literature. In the present study, we have demonstrated the photoinactivating properties of five cationic meso-(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrins on conidia of the phytopathogen Colletotrichum graminicola. For this purpose, photophysical properties (photostability and (1)O2 singlet production) of the porphyrins under study were first evaluated. PDI assays were then performed with a fluence of 30, 60, 90 and 120 J cm(-2) and varying the porphyrin concentration from 1 to 25 μmol L(-1). Considering the lowest concentration that enabled the best photoinactivation, with the respective lowest effective irradiation time, the meso-(1-methyl-4-pyridinio)porphyrins herein studied could be ranked as follows: triple-charged 4 (1 μmol L(-1) with a fluence of 30 J cm(-2)) > double-charged-trans2 (1 μmol L(-1) with 60 J cm(-2)) > tetra-charged 5 (15 μmol L(-1) with 90 J cm(-2)) > mono-charged 1 (25 μmol L(-1) with 120 J cm(-2)). Double-charged-cis-porphyrin 3 inactivated C. graminicola conidia in the absence of light. Evaluation of the porphyrin binding to the conidia and fluorescence microscopic analysis were also performed, which were in agreement with the PDI results. In conclusion, the cationic porphyrins herein studied were considered efficient photosensitizers to inactivate C. graminicola conidia. The amount and position of positive charges are related to the compounds' amphiphilicity and therefore to their photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Chevonica Vandresen
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Lothário Meissner, 3400, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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