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Nobi MA, Haque AKMZ, Islam MR, Islam SS, Arif M, Sikder MH, Kabir SML. Detection of Campylobacter spp. in farmed sheep in Mymensingh division of Bangladesh: Prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility status. Vet World 2024; 17:245-254. [PMID: 38595663 PMCID: PMC11000463 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.245-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacter infections in sheep may be asymptomatic or cause enteritis, ileitis, infertility, and abortion. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in farming sheep and to detect risk factors, molecular patterns, and antimicrobial susceptibility status of these pathogens. Materials and Methods Four hundred and eight fecal samples were collected from 12 flocks in the Mymensingh and Sherpur districts. Samples were tested by both basic (culture and biochemical tests) and molecular (initially 16S rRNA and later hipO gene-based polymerase chain reaction). Furthermore, the antimicrobial susceptibility status of Campylobacter jejuni was confirmed using disk diffusion. Flock- and animal-level data were captured using semi-structured interviews with farm owners under bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to confirm the risk factors for Campylobacter-positive status. Results The prevalence of C. jejuni staining at the animal and flock levels was 8.82% (36/408) and 66.70% (8/12), respectively. The age of sheep was identified as an important risk factor. Up to 1 year of age, sheep were 3.78 times more likely to be infected with C. jejuni (95% confidence interval: 1.0736-13.3146, p = 0.038). Of the 36 isolates of C. jejuni, all were found to be fully susceptible (100%) to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin. In this study, three antimicrobial agents, oxytetracycline, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone, were fully resistant (100%). The majority of isolates were resistant to a combination of 4-6 antimicrobial agents. Conclusion The present study highlights the predominant maintenance of zoonotic Campylobacter species in sheep, and their burden on human health is enormous. Therefore, environmental, animal, and human health needs to be focused under a One Health lens to mitigate the occurrence of Campylobacter in farm settings and to prevent further introduction to animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ashiquen Nobi
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - A. K. M. Ziaul Haque
- Kazi Farms Poultry Laboratory, Holding no-8/1, Floor no-A3 and A4, Padma Plaza (Opposite of Gazipur Commerce College), Chandana - Chowrasta, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh
| | - M. Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sk Shaheenur Islam
- Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Arif
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - S. M. Lutful Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
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Gharbi M, Abbas MAS, Hamrouni S, Maaroufi A. First Report of aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-Ib-cr Variant Genes Associated with Mutations in gyrA Encoded Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Avian Campylobacter coli Strains Collected in Tunisia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16116. [PMID: 38003307 PMCID: PMC10671610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The aac(6')-Ib gene is the most widespread gene encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme and conferring resistance to tobramycin, streptomycin and kanamycin. The variant aac(6')-Ib-cr gene confers resistance to both aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones (FQ). A total of 132 Campylobacter isolates, including 91 C. jejuni and 41 C. coli, were selected from broiler hens isolates. The aac(6')-Ib gene was amplified using PCR and was subsequently digested with the BtsCI restriction enzyme to identify aac(6')-Ib-cr. Among these isolates, 31 out of 41 C. coli (75.6%) and 1 (0.98%) C. jejuni were positive for the aac(6')-Ib gene, which was identified as the aac(6')-Ib-cr variant in 10 (32.25%) C. coli isolates. This variant was correlated with mutations in gyrA (Thr-86-Ile), as well as resistance to FQs. This study is the first report in Tunisia on Campylobacter coli strains harboring both the aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-Ib-cr variants. These genes were present in Campylobacter isolates exhibiting resistance to multiple antibiotics, which restricts the range of available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Gharbi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Mohammed Abdo Saghir Abbas
- Unit of Vector Ecology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia;
- University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Safa Hamrouni
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.H.); (A.M.)
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; (S.H.); (A.M.)
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Adiguzel MC, Goulart DB, Wu Z, Pang J, Cengiz S, Zhang Q, Sahin O. Distribution of CRISPR Types in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Isolates. Pathogens 2021; 10:345. [PMID: 33809410 PMCID: PMC8000906 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To aid development of phage therapy against Campylobacter, we investigated the distribution of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) systems in fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Campylobacter jejuni. A total of 100 FQ-resistant C. jejuni strains from different sources were analyzed by PCR and DNA sequencing to determine resistance-conferring mutation in the gyrA gene and the presence of various CRISPR systems. All but one isolate harbored 1-5 point mutations in gyrA, and the most common mutation was the Thr86Ile change. Ninety-five isolates were positive with the CRISPR PCR, and spacer sequences were found in 86 of them. Among the 292 spacer sequences identified in this study, 204 shared 93-100% nucleotide homology to Campylobacter phage D10, 44 showed 100% homology to Campylobacter phage CP39, and 3 had 100% homology with Campylobacter phage CJIE4-5. The remaining 41 spacer sequences did not match with any phages in the database. Based on the results, it was inferred that the FQ-resistant C. jejuni isolates analyzed in this study were potentially resistant to Campylobacter phages D10, CP39, and CJIE4-5 as well as some unidentified phages. These phages should be excluded from cocktails of phages that may be utilized to treat FQ-resistant Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cemal Adiguzel
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (M.C.A.); (S.C.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.B.G.); (Z.W.); (J.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Debora Brito Goulart
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.B.G.); (Z.W.); (J.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Zuowei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.B.G.); (Z.W.); (J.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jinji Pang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.B.G.); (Z.W.); (J.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Seyda Cengiz
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey; (M.C.A.); (S.C.)
| | - Qijing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (D.B.G.); (Z.W.); (J.P.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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The Great ESKAPE: Exploring the Crossroads of Bile and Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00865-19. [PMID: 32661122 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00865-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the course of infection, many pathogens encounter bactericidal conditions that threaten the viability of the bacteria and impede the establishment of infection. Bile is one of the most innately bactericidal compounds present in humans, functioning to reduce the bacterial burden in the gastrointestinal tract while also aiding in digestion. It is becoming increasingly apparent that pathogens successfully resist the bactericidal conditions of bile, including bacteria that do not normally cause gastrointestinal infections. This review highlights the ability of Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter (ESKAPE), and other enteric pathogens to resist bile and how these interactions can impact the sensitivity of bacteria to various antimicrobial agents. Given that pathogen exposure to bile is an essential component to gastrointestinal transit that cannot be avoided, understanding how bile resistance mechanisms align with antimicrobial resistance is vital to our ability to develop new, successful therapeutics in an age of widespread and increasing antimicrobial resistance.
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Weil AA, Debela MD, Muyanja DM, Kakuhikire B, Baguma C, Bangsberg DR, Tsai AC, Lai PS. Gut carriage of antimicrobial resistance genes in women exposed to small-scale poultry farms in rural Uganda: A feasibility study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229699. [PMID: 32525954 PMCID: PMC7289395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic use for livestock is presumed to be a contributor to the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in humans, yet studies do not capture AMR data before and after livestock introduction. Methods We performed a feasibility study by recruiting a subset of women in a delayed-start randomized controlled trial of small-scale chicken farming to examine the prevalence of clinically-relevant AMR genes. Stool samples were obtained at baseline and one year post-randomization from five intervention women who received chickens at the start of the study, six control women who did not receive chickens until the end of the study, and from chickens provided to the control group at the end of the study. Stool was screened for 87 clinically significant AMR genes using a commercially available qPCR array (Qiagen). Results Chickens harbored 23 AMR genes from classes found in humans as well as additional vancomycin and β-lactamase resistance genes. AMR patterns between intervention and control women appeared more similar at baseline than one year post randomization (PERMANOVA R2 = 0.081, p = 0.61 at baseline, R2 = 0.186, p = 0.09 at 12 months) Women in the control group who had direct contact with the chickens sampled in the study had greater similarities in AMR gene patterns to chickens than those in the intervention group who did not have direct contact with chickens sampled (p = 0.01). However, at one year there was a trend towards increased similarity in AMR patterns between humans in both groups and the chickens sampled (p = 0.06). Conclusions Studies designed to evaluate human AMR genes in the setting of animal exposure should account for high baseline AMR rates. Concomitant collection of animal, human, and environmental samples over time is recommended to determine the directionality and source of AMR genes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02619227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A. Weil
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meti D. Debela
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | - Charles Baguma
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - David R. Bangsberg
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Alexander C. Tsai
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Global Health and Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peggy S. Lai
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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