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Sari T, Akgul D, Mertoglu B. Enhancement of hydrazine accumulation in anammox bioreactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142293. [PMID: 38723689 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The role of hydrazine (N2H4) in anammox metabolism has been widely studied; however, studies on N2H4 biosynthesis by anammox bacteria are limited in the literature. In this context, the current research aims to investigate the enhancement of biological N2H4 production in the anammox process in a long-term manner. The experimental studies started with the optimization of the operating conditions to achieve maximum N2H4 accumulation. Under favorable conditions (pH = 8.97 ± 0.08; T = 35.5 ± 0.5 °C; initial hydroxylamine dose = 1.46 ± 0.01 mM), 17.16 ± 0.64 mg L-1 of N2H4 accumulated in the batch systems. The continuity of N2H4 bioproduction was then evaluated by long-term observations. A continuous flow bioreactor was operated in four consecutive manipulated periods under optimized conditions. In the long-term operated bioreactor, 55.10 ± 0.30 mg L-1 N2H4 was accumulated at optimal conditions, which was 2.5 times higher than reported in the literature. Although manipulation of the bioreactor operating conditions initially resulted in a significant increase in N2H4 bioaccumulation, it subsequently caused a severe deterioration in anammox activity. However, this could be mitigated by increasing the biomass concentration in the anammox systems. In addition, the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia decreased by 1.88% throughout the long-term operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Sari
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey
| | - Deniz Akgul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey.
| | - Bulent Mertoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, Goztepe, 34722, Turkey
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Zhao N, Qiu Y, Qu Z, Li J. Response of marine anammox bacteria to long-term hydroxylamine stress: Nitrogen removal performance and microbial community dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130159. [PMID: 38070580 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The response of anammox bacteria to hydroxylamine has not been well explained. Herein, hydroxylamine was long-term added as the sole substrate to marine anammox bacteria (MAB) in saline wastewater treatment for the first time. MAB could tolerate 5 mg/L hydroxylamine. However, MAB activity was inhibited by the high dose of hydroxylamine (40 mg/L), and hydroxylamine removal efficiency was only 3 %. Remarkably, when hydroxylamine reached 20 mg/L, ammonium was produced the most at 2.88 mg/L, mainly by the hydroxylamine and hydrazine disproportionations. Besides, the relative abundance of Candidatus Scalindua decreased from 4.6 % to 0.6 % as the hydroxylamine increased from 0 to 40 mg/L. MAB secreted more extracellular polymeric substances to resist hydroxylamine stress. However, long-term hydroxylamine loading led to the disintegration of MAB granules. This work shed light on the response of MAB to hydroxylamine in saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanling Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhaopeng Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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3
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Ma X, Feng ZT, Zhou JM, Sun YJ, Zhang QQ. Regulation mechanism of hydrazine and hydroxylamine in nitrogen removal processes: A Comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140670. [PMID: 37951396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
As the new fashioned nitrogen removal process, short-cut nitrification and denitrification (SHARON) process, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process, partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process and partial denitrification and anammox (PD/A) process entered into the public eye due to its advantages of high nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and low energy consumption. However, the above process also be limited by long-term start-up time, unstable operation, complicated process regulation and so on. As intermediates or by-metabolites of functional microorganisms in above processes, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and hydrazine (N2H4) improved NRE of the above processes by promoting functional enzyme activity, accelerating electron transport efficiency and regulating distribution of microbial communities. Therefore, this review discussed effects of NH2OH and N2H4 on stability and NRE of above processes, analyzed regulatory mechanism from functional enzyme activity, electron transport efficiency and microbial community distribution. Finally, the challenges and limitations for nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) produced from regulation of NH2OH and N2H4 are discussed. In additional, perspectives on future trends in technology development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ze-Tong Feng
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ying-Jun Sun
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Chen M, He T, Liang X, Wang C, Zheng C. Efficient transformation of hydroxylamine from wastewater after supplementation with sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 266:115603. [PMID: 37856986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine is a highly reactive inorganic nitrogen compound that not only has a toxic effect on microorganisms, but also makes wastewater treatment more difficult, which in turn damages the environment and even endangers human health. This study reported a new method for converting of hydroxylamine by adding sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate to the hydroxylamine-polluted wastewater. The conversion efficiency of hydroxylamine was more than 99% in the presence of sodium carbonate or calcium bicarbonate under the reaction conditions of 25 °C, C/N ratio 15, and dissolved oxygen 7.4 mg/L. And its maximal conversion rate can reach 3.49 mg/L/h. This method overcomes various shortcomings of the reported hydroxylamine removal technologies that require a large material dosage and high cost. The technology in this report has many advantages: low cost, 'green' environmental protection, easy market promotion, and high economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengping Chen
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Tengxia He
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiwen Liang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Cerong Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Chunxia Zheng
- Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Liu W, Li T, Wang J, Shen Y, Ji X, Yang D. A new concept of waste iron recycling for the enhancement of the anammox process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136151. [PMID: 36028122 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a by-product of industry, waste iron scraps (WIS) are low-cost and widely available, which was potential for the development of iron-assisted anammox. In this study, the feasibility of adding WIS to enhance the nitrogen removal of the anammox process (also called WIS-assisted anammox) was demonstrated. Results indicated that the WIS-assisted anammox reactors performed a 15-35% higher nitrogen removal efficiency than that of the control. Compared to the sludge from the control, the sludge from the WIS-assisted anammox reactors had a higher iron content (78-113 g kg-1 SS) and a better specific anammox activity (10.8-15.5 mg N g-1 VSS h-1). The enhanced growth of the anammox bacteria (related to Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis with 99% similarity) in the WIS-assisted anammox reactors was also confirmed by high-throughput sequencing and qPCR. Furthermore, the functional genes predicted by PICRUSt2 revealed a higher level of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (hao)-like proteins expression of the biomass from the WIS-assisted anammox reactors, implying that the hydroxylamine-related anammox pathway was promoted. Additionally, the observation of cytoplasmic nitrate reductase (narG), copper-containing nitrite reductase (nirK), and nitric oxide reductase (norB) suggested that the introduction of WIS might promote the denitrification ability. This was correlated to the lower ΔNO3-/ΔNH4+ ratio observed in these WIS-assisted anammox reactors. Overall, the WIS-assisted anammox offers a sustainable nitrogen removal process for wastewater treatment with waste iron recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenru Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Tianhao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dianhai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Application of Reeds as Carbon Source for Enhancing Denitrification of Low C/N Micro-Polluted Water in Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetland. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands have been applied to micro-polluted rivers and lakes. However, they often show poor nitrogen removal efficiency due to insufficient carbon sources for complete denitrification in the waters. In this study, a vertical-flow wetland system was built, in which reeds as a carbon source were added in the middle layer of the substrate. Thereby, the effect of the reed carbon source on denitrification of micro-polluted rivers and lakes with a low C/N ratio in the wetland and the denitrification mechanism were studied. The results showed that the concentrations of NH4+-N, NO3−-N and NO2−-N in the effluent of the constructed wetland were reduced to 0.17–0.35, 0.20–0.49 and 0.01–0.02 mg/L after adding the reed carbon source, and the removal efficiencies of the system for NH4+-N and NO3−-N reached 93.84% and 84.69%, respectively. The abundances of nirK, nirS, hzo and nrfA genes in the wetland substrate increased by 95.51%, 54.96%, 52.89% and 731.95%, respectively, which was considered to be related to the enhanced denitrification, anammox and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium of the wetland system. Reed planting promoted the increased abundances of amoA and nxrB genes, which might play a positive role in enhancing nitrification in wetland systems. The result of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of low C/N micro-polluted water bodies.
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Oshiki M, Gao L, Zhang L, Okabe S. NH 2OH Disproportionation Mediated by Anaerobic Ammonium-oxidizing (Anammox) Bacteria. Microbes Environ 2022; 37. [PMID: 35418545 PMCID: PMC9530737 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anammox bacteria produce N2 gas by oxidizing NH4+ with NO2–, and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) is a potential intermediate of the anammox process. N2 gas production occurs when anammox bacteria are incubated with NH2OH only, indicating their capacity for NH2OH disproportionation with NH2OH serving as both the electron donor and acceptor. Limited information is currently available on NH2OH disproportionation by anammox bacteria; therefore, the stoichiometry of anammox bacterial NH2OH disproportionation was examined in the present study using 15N-tracing techniques. The anammox bacteria, Brocadia sinica, Jettenia caeni, and Scalindua sp. were incubated with the addition of 15NH2OH, and the production of 15N-labeled nitrogenous compounds was assessed. The anammox bacteria tested performed NH2OH disproportionation and produced 15-15N2 gas and NH4+ as reaction products. The addition of acetylene, an inhibitor of the anammox process, reduced the activity of NH2OH disproportionation, but not completely. The growth of B. sinica by NH2OH disproportionation (–240.3 kJ mol NH2OH–1 under standard conditions) was also tested in 3 up-flow column anammox reactors fed with 1) 0.7 mM NH2OH only, 2) 0.7 mM NH2OH and 0.5 mM NH4+, and 3) 0.7 mM NH2OH and 0.5 mM NO2–. NH2OH consumption activities were markedly reduced after 7 d of operation, indicating that B. sinica was unable to maintain its activity or biomass by NH2OH disproportionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Lin Gao
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University
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Suarez C, Dalcin Martins P, Jetten M, Karačić S, Wilén BM, Modin O, Hagelia P, Hermansson M, Persson F. Metagenomic evidence of a novel family of anammox bacteria in a subsea environment. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2348-2360. [PMID: 35415863 PMCID: PMC9325076 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in the order ‘Candidatus Brocadiales’ within the phylum Planctomycetes (Planctomycetota) have the remarkable ability to perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). Two families of anammox bacteria with different biogeographical distributions have been reported, marine Ca. Scalinduaceae and freshwater Ca. Brocadiaceae. Here we report evidence of three new species within a novel genus and family of anammox bacteria, which were discovered in biofilms of a subsea road tunnel under a fjord in Norway. In this particular ecosystem, the nitrogen cycle is likely fuelled by ammonia from organic matter degradation in the fjord sediments and the rock mass above the tunnel, resulting in the growth of biofilms where anammox bacteria can thrive under oxygen limitation. We resolved several metagenome‐assembled genomes (MAGs) of anammox bacteria, including three Ca. Brocadiales MAGs that could not be classified at the family level. MAGs of this novel family had all the diagnostic genes for a full anaerobic ammonium oxidation pathway in which nitrite was probably reduced by a NirK‐like reductase. A survey of published molecular data indicated that this new family of anammox bacteria occurs in many marine sediments, where its members presumably would contribute to nitrogen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Suarez
- Division of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Paula Dalcin Martins
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mike Jetten
- Department of Microbiology, RIBES, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sabina Karačić
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Hagelia
- Construction Division, The Norwegian Public Roads Administration, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Determination of 15N/ 14N of Ammonium, Nitrite, Nitrate, Hydroxylamine, and Hydrazine Using Colorimetric Reagents and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0241621. [PMID: 35285242 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02416-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nitrogen (N) cycle, nitrogenous compounds are chemically and biologically converted to various aqueous and gaseous N species. The 15N-labeling approach is a powerful culture-dependent technique to obtain insights into the complex nitrogen transformation reactions that occur in cultures. In the 15N-labeling approach, the fates of supplemented 15N- and/or unlabeled gaseous and aqueous compounds are tracked by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, whereas MS analysis of aqueous N species requires laborious sample preparation steps and is performed using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry, which requires an expensive mass spectrometer. We developed a simple and high-throughput MS method for determining the 15N atoms percent of NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, NH2OH, and N2H4, where liquid samples (<0.5 mL) were mixed with colorimetric reagents (naphthylethylenediamine for NO2-, indophenol for NH4+, and p-aminobenzaldehyde for N2H4), and the mass spectra of the formed N complex dyes were obtained by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS. NH2OH and NO3- were chemically converted to NO2- by iodine oxidation and copper/hydrazine reduction reaction, respectively, prior to the above colorimetric reaction. The intensity of the isotope peak (M + 1 or M + 2) increased when the N complex dye was formed by coupling with a 15N-labeled compound, and a linear relationship was found between the determined 15N/14N peak ratio and 15N atom% for the tested N species. The developed method was applied to bacterial cultures to examine their N-transformation reactions, enabling us to observe the occurrence of NO2- oxidation and NO3- reduction in a hypoxic Nitrobacter winogradskyi culture. IMPORTANCE 15N/14N analysis for aqueous N species is a powerful tool for obtaining insights into the global N cycle, but the procedure is cumbersome and laborious. The combined use of colorimetric reagents and MALDI-TOF MS, designated color MALDI-TOF MS, enabled us to determine the 15N atom% of common aqueous N species without laborious sample preparation and chromatographic separation steps; for instance, the 15N atom% of NO2- can be determined from >1,000 liquid samples daily at <$1 (U.S.) per 384 samples for routine analysis. This convenient MS method is a powerful tool that will advance our ability to explore the N-transformation reactions that occur in various environments and biological samples.
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Liu G, Zhou X, Liang H, Han L, Qiao Z, Su B. Effects of alkalinity addition with different strategies on CANON process: Start-up, performance, and microbial community. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e1674. [PMID: 34873788 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of alkalinity addition with different strategies on the start-up, performance, and microbial community of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) were investigated over 450 days. In phase I, the alkalinity was increased gradually from 300 to 2,000 mg/L to obtain the optimal range. In phase II, the reactor was restarted to verify the appropriate alkalinity value of 1,600 mg/L. The fact that it only took 90 days (phase I: 170 days) to complete the start-up of CANON in phase II demonstrated that an alkalinity value of 1,600 mg/L was suitable when the influent NH4 + -N concentration was 200 mg/L (alkalinity/NH4 + -N = 8:1). The slope (k = 2.00) of NH4 + -N concentration decrease in phase II during the start-up process was significantly higher than that in phase I (k = 1.50). High removal efficiencies of NH4 + -N (98%) and TN (80%) were attained in both phases. Specific anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) activity tests showed that the anammox activity of the two phases reached 3.31 and 5.31 mg TN/(g VSS·h), respectively. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that appropriate alkalinity could promote the enrichment of Candidatus Brocadia, C. Jettenia, and C. Kuenenia (total abundance of 31.96%) while effectively inhibiting Nitrospira (abundance of less than 0.50%). PRACTITIONER POINTS: An alkalinity/NH4 + -N ratio of 8 promoted the rapid start-up and stable performance of CANON. NH4 + -N and TN removal efficiencies of 98% and 80%, respectively, were obtained. High alkalinity promoted the enrichment of Candidatus Brocadia, Candidatus Jettenia, Candidatus Kuenenia and inhibited Nitrospira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhou
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Huili Liang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Han
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuangming Qiao
- Research and Development Center, Shandong Meiquan Environmental Protection Technology Co. Ltd., Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bensheng Su
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Feng F, Tang X, Qu C, Lu X, Liu Z, Tang J, Tang CJ, Chai L. Hydroxylamine addition enhances fast recovery of anammox activity suffering Cr(VI) inhibition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 329:124920. [PMID: 33677423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine (NH2OH), one of the most important intermediates of anammox was employed to test the recovery performance because of its stimulation to anammox bacteria. Batch test indicated simultaneous addition of 1.83 ~ 9.17 mg N /L NH2OH relieved Cr(VI) inhibition because of extracellular reduction to Cr(III). The recovery efficiency (RE) was over 166%, with the effluent Cr(VI) and Cr(III) below 0.25 and 0.12 mg/L, respectively. Anammox activity after Cr(VI) inhibition was effectively recovered by 8 mg N/L NH2OH with RE at 218%. The long-term operation showed 1 ~ 2 mg N/L NH2OH accelerated the recover speed of nitrogen removal rate with 2.84 folds, as well as improving NH4+ conversion ratio and reducing NO3- production. After 55 days recovery, extracellular polymeric substance concentration, anammox activity and heme content recovered better with NH2OH addition. This study will provide the theoretical basis for rapid recovery of anammox activity by NH2OH when suffering Cr(VI) inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xuan Lu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhigong Liu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Chong-Jian Tang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Liyuan Chai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; National Engineering Research Centre for Control and Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, Changsha 410083, China
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Soler-Jofra A, Pérez J, van Loosdrecht MCM. Hydroxylamine and the nitrogen cycle: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116723. [PMID: 33352529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria were first isolated more than 100 years ago and hydroxylamine is known to be an intermediate. The enzymatic steps involving hydroxylamine conversion to nitrite are still under discussion. For a long time it was assumed that hydroxylamine was directly converted to nitrite by a hydroxylamine oxidoreductase. Recent enzymatic evidences suggest that the actual product of hydroxylamine conversion is NO and a third, yet unknown, enzyme further converts NO to nitrite. More recently, ammonium oxidizing archaea and complete ammonium oxidizing bacteria were isolated and identified. Still the central nitrogen metabolism of these microorganisms presents to researchers the same puzzle: how hydroxylamine is transformed to nitrite. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO and N2O have been identified in all three types of aerobic ammonium oxidizing microorganisms and hydroxylamine is known to play a significant role in the formation. Yet, the pathways and the factors promoting the greenhouse gas emissions are to be fully characterized. Hydroxylamine also plays a yet poorly understood role on anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria and is known to inhibit nitrite oxidizing bacteria. In this review, the role of this elusive intermediate in the metabolism of different key players of the nitrogen cycle is discussed, as well as the putative importance of hydroxylamine as a key nitrogen metabolite for microbial interactions within microbial communities and engineered systems. Overall, for the first time putting together the acquired knowledge about hydroxylamine and the nitrogen cycle over the years in a review, setting potential hypothesis and highlighting possible next steps for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Soler-Jofra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Julio Pérez
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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Sui Q, Jiang L, Di F, Yue W, Chen Y, Wang H, Chen M, Wei Y. Multiple strategies for maintaining stable partial nitritation of low-strength ammonia wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140542. [PMID: 32623174 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stable production of nitrite is an essential technical challenge for mainstream anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox). Due to difficulties in the stable inhibition of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and maintenance of long-term partial nitritation (PN), integrated multiple, rather than a single, controlling strategies were preferred especially in a continuous-flow treatment system. A mathematically model was developed to evaluate effects of integrated multiple-strategies on ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB. Through experimental study and model simulation, intermittent aeration and low SRT (3.5 d) resulted in unstable nitrite accumulation. Integrated multiple-strategies of intermittent aeration, low SRT (3.5 d) and bioaugmentation achieved nitrite accumulation rate of 81% and NO2--N/NH4+-N ratio in effluent of 1.29, which was preferable for further anammox process. Meanwhile, the richness and diversity of microbial community increased due to the bioaugmentation. The AOB/NOB ratio increased from 13.8 to 34.1 which facilitated nitrite accumulation. In combination with bioaugmentation, the observed growth rates of AOB and NOB increased from -0.0835 and -0.0282 to 0.0434 and 0.0127 d-1, respectively, which promoted AOB outcompeting NOB in the mixed liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Li'an Jiang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fei Di
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meixue Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Xiao P, Ai S, Zhou J, Luo X, Kang B, Feng L, Zhao T. N 2O profiles in the enhanced CANON process via long-term N 2H 4 addition: minimized N 2O production and the influence of exogenous N 2H 4 on N 2O sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37188-37198. [PMID: 31748991 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06508-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is of growing concern. In this study, the effect of added hydrazine (N2H4) on N2O production during the CANON process was investigated. Long-term trace N2H4 addition minimized N2O production (0.018% ± 0.013% per unit total nitrogen removed) and maintaining high nitrogen removal capacity of CANON process (nitrogen removal rate and TN removal efficiency was 450 ± 60 mg N/L/day and 71 ± 8%, respectively). Ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was the main N2O producer. AOB activity inhibition by N2H4 decreased N2O production during aeration, and the N2H4 concentration was negatively correlated with N2O production rate in NH4+ oxidation via AOB, whereas N2O production was facilitated under anaerobic conditions because hydroxylamine (NH2OH) production was accelerated due to anammox bacteria (AnAOB) activity strengthen via N2H4. Added N2H4 completely degraded in the initial aeration phases of the CANON SBR, during which some N2H4 intensified anammox for total nitrogen removal to eliminate N2O production from nitrifier denitrification (ND) by anammox-associated, while the remaining N2H4 competed with NH2OH for hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) in AOB to inhibit intermediates formation that result in N2O production via NH2OH oxidation (HO) pathway, consequently decreasing total N2O production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengying Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuo Ai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowen Kang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Feng
- Chongqing Academy of Environmental Science, Chongqing, 400054, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantao Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, No. 69 Hongguang Avenue, Chongqing, 400054, Banan District, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Soler-Jofra A, Laureni M, Warmerdam M, Pérez J, van Loosdrecht MCM. Hydroxylamine metabolism of Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 184:116188. [PMID: 32739592 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine is a key intermediate in several biological reactions of the global nitrogen cycle. However, the role of hydroxylamine in anammox is still not fully understood. In this work, the impact of hydroxylamine (also in combination with other substrates) on the metabolism of a planktonic enrichment culture of the anammox species Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was studied. Anammox bacteria were observed to produce ammonium both from hydroxylamine and hydrazine, and hydroxylamine was consumed simultaneously with nitrite. Hydrazine accumulation - signature for the presence of anammox bacteria - strongly depended on the available substrates, being higher with ammonium and lower with nitrite. Furthermore, the results presented here indicate that hydrazine accumulation is not the result of the inhibition of hydrazine dehydrogenase, as commonly assumed, but the product of hydroxylamine disproportionation. All kinetic parameters for the identified reactions were estimated by mathematical modelling. Moreover, the simultaneous consumption and growth on ammonium, nitrite and hydroxylamine of anammox bacteria was demonstrated, this was accompanied by a reduction in the nitrate production. Ultimately, this study advances the fundamental understanding of the metabolic versatility of anammox bacteria, and highlights the potential role played by metabolic intermediates (i.e. hydroxylamine, hydrazine) in shaping natural and engineered microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Soler-Jofra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands.
| | - Michele Laureni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Warmerdam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
| | - Julio Pérez
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Mark C M van Loosdrecht
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, the Netherlands
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Is Anoxic Operation Effective to Control Nitrate Build-Up and Sludge Loss for the Combined Partial Nitritation and Anammox (CPNA) Process? Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There were three main issues of long start-up period, nitrate build-up and sludge loss during the operation of combined partial-nitritation anammox (CPNA). To fully start up the CPNA reactor, the fast achievement of partial-nitritation (PN) was the first step. Firstly, the PN process was successfully achieved within 22 days by 2 mg·L−1 hydroxylamine (NH2OH) addition and online intermittent aeration control at 0.2~0.3 mg·L−1 dissolved oxygen (DO). Then, a novel strategy of adding anoxic stirring phase between feeding and aeration period during CPNA operation was applied. It was shown effective to control nitrate build-up since the mole ratio of NO3−-N production and NH4+-N removed (MNRR) was mostly below 15%. Also, the procedure adjustment was proven useful to alleviate sludge loss by sustaining filamentous bacteria that could act as biomass framework and reduce nitrate substrate. The filamentous denitrifying bacteria could cause sludge bulking. The total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) varied from 0.20 to 0.45 kg·m−3·d−1 during CPNA operation. In Stage III, after adding anoxic stirring phase, the abundance of nitrogen transformation functional microorganism’s nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was below 1.6%, which was one order of magnitude lower than Anammox and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB).
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17
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Xing CY, Fan YC, Chen X, Guo JS, Shen Y, Yan P, Fang F, Chen YP. A self-assembled nanocompartment in anammox bacteria for resisting intracelluar hydroxylamine stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137030. [PMID: 32062250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anammox bacteria play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle, but research on anammoxosome structure is still in its initial stages. In particular, the anammox bacteria genome contains nanocompartments gene loci. However, the function and structure of the nanocompartments in anammox bacteria is poorly understood. We apply genetic engineering to demonstrate the self-assembled nanocompartments of anammox bacteria. The encapsulin shell protein (cEnc) and cargo protein hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) can self-assemble to form regular nanocompartments (about 128 nm in diameter) in vitro. Cell growth curve tests show that nanocompartments help model bacteria resist hydroxylamine (NH2OH) stress. Batch test results and transcriptional data show that cEnc and HAO are highly expressed in response to the negative effects of NH2OH on anammox efficiency, predicting a potential role of nanocompartments in helping anammox bacteria resist NH2OH stress. These findings improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which anammox bacteria respond to harmful environmental metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-Chen Fan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jin-Song Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yu Shen
- National Base of International Science and Technology Cooperation for Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Peng Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - You-Peng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environments of MOE, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
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18
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Oshiki M, Yamada K, Kato I, Okoshi K, Imai T, Yamaguchi T, Araki N. Biosynthesis of hydrazine from ammonium and hydroxylamine using an anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacterium. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:979-985. [PMID: 32185619 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02865-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize hydrazine (N2H4) from ammonium and hydroxylamine (NH2OH) using an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. RESULTS K. stuttgartiensis cells were anoxically cultivated with the addition of ammonium (2 mM) and NH2OH (1-100 mM) at pH 6-10.5, and 4-65 °C to examine the favorable cultivation conditions for N2H4 production. The influence of NH2OH concentration was more prominent than that of pH and temperature, and NH2OH concentration higher than 1 mM deteriorated N2H4 yields significantly. The following conditions were found to be favorable for N2H4 production using K. stuttgartiensis cells: pH 9, 38 °C, and < 1 mM NH2OH. In a continuous-feed system operated at these conditions, K. stuttgartiensis cells produced N2H4 with a maximum concentration of 0.65 mM, which is the highest N2H4 concentration previously reported in biological processes. CONCLUSIONS Optimal cultivation conditions for K. stuttgartiensis for N2H4 production were successfully determined, and the present study is the first to document potential biological N2H4 production using anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakaimachi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-8532, Japan.
| | - Koshiro Yamada
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakaimachi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-8532, Japan
| | - Itsuki Kato
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, 758-65 Bibi, Chitose, Hokkaido, 066-8655, Japan
| | - Kento Okoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, 758-65 Bibi, Chitose, Hokkaido, 066-8655, Japan
| | - Toshiro Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, 758-65 Bibi, Chitose, Hokkaido, 066-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Nobuo Araki
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, 888 Nishikatakaimachi, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-8532, Japan
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19
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Li Z, Peng Y. Biphasic effect of nitrate on anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and related kinetic modeling. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124654. [PMID: 31524611 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate is a byproduct of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process and is related to its electron transfer. However, little is known about the influence of nitrate on the anammox process. In this work, the biphasic effect of exogenous nitrate on the anammox process was investigated in an upflow biofilter (UBF) reactor with ammonium as the sole electron donor. The responses of anammox to increased nitrate were analyzed by one-way ANOVA test and found to be significantly different under a constant and decreased nitrite condition (p < 0.01). With a single increase in nitrate and constant ammonium and nitrite in the influent, the total nitrogen removal rate (TNRR) of anammox was uninhibited, but stoichiometry deviated and nitrate production always showed a linear decrease. In contrast, anammox exhibited a range of activity with constant ammonium and simultaneously increased nitrate and decreased nitrite in the influent, including a continuous reduction of TNRR, a nonpersistent ammonium overconsumption and a pronounced nonlinear response of nitrate production. Correlation analysis shows that the lack of ammonium overconsumption was accompanied by the disappearance of nitrate underproduction. Kinetic models of product formation were effectively used to explore the nitrate production behavior of anammox subjected to increased nitrate, and the metabolite of nitrate was divided into a growth negative coupling type and growth (partial) coupling type under a constant and decreased nitrite condition, respectively. These findings collectively suggest that nitrate has a biphasic effect on the anammox process and is correlated with the availability of nitrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China.
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20
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He S, Yang W, Li W, Zhang Y, Qin M, Mao Z. Impacts of salt shocking and the selection of a suitable reversal agent on anammox. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:602-612. [PMID: 31539968 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) reactor, which was inhibited by a salinity of 50 g NaCl L-1 during a long-term experiment, was rapidly restarted by decreasing the salinity to 20 g NaCl L-1 and adding biomass. The effects of exposure time and shock concentrations on the anammox reactor indicate that anammox granular sludge has a high tolerance to salinity and strong ability for self-recovery. The nitrogen removal efficiency was higher than 50% after exposure to 50 g NaCl L-1 for 66 h. To shorten the time taken for effluent nitrogen concentrations to attain national standards (GB18918-2002) after the anammox reactor was shocked with NaCl, reactor performance (i.e., recovery) after the addition of K+, glycine betaine, Fe2+, and hydroxylamine were compared after the reactor was inhibited by 80 g NaCl L-1. The results indicate that hydroxylamine was the best reversal agent. The recovery time of the anammox reactor could be shortened by 50% following the addition of hydroxylamine. The most favorable NH2OH-N/NO2--N concentration ratio for improving nitrogen removal of anammox was 1:11. The abundances of Planctomycetes and its genera Candidatus Kuenenia and Brocadiaceae_g_unclassified increased after repeated salinity shock-recovery phases, indicating that Candidatus Kuenenia and Brocadiaceae_g_unclassified are able to adapt to NaCl shocking and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong He
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| | - Wan Yang
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenji Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, South Xiangan Rd, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, PR China
| | - Meng Qin
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhen Mao
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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21
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Ganesan S, Vadivelu VM. Effect of external hydrazine addition on anammox reactor start-up time. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:668-674. [PMID: 30802832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydrazine is an intermediate product of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process where both ammonium and nitrite in wastewater are converted to nitrogen gas by bacteria. In this study the effect of external hydrazine addition (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L) on the start-up period of the Anammox process was studied using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). The SBR with an addition of 10 mg/L hydrazine took only 7 weeks to stabilize and achieve the maximum removal of ammonium and nitrite, whereas the SBR without the addition of hydrazine took 12 weeks. The amount of Heme C extracted from the biomass indicated that externally added hydrazine accelerated the growth of Anammox bacteria and reduced the release of nitrous oxide gas from the reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarajah Ganesan
- School of Chemical Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vel Murugan Vadivelu
- School of Chemical Engineering, USM Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia.
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22
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Wang Z, Zheng P. Predicting settling performance of ANAMMOX granular sludge based on fractal dimensions. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 120:222-228. [PMID: 28499160 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The settling performance of ANAMMOX granular sludge determines the biomass retention in reactors, and finally determines the potential reaction capacity. In this paper, Stokes equation was modified by fractal dimensions to describe the settling performance of ANAMMOX granular sludge. A new method was developed to obtain fractal dimensions, and a fractal settling model was established for ANAMMOX granular sludge. The fractal settling model was excellent with only a small deviation of 0.8% from the experimental data. Assuming normal distribution of all Feret diameters, 88% experimental data fell into the 90% confidence interval of settling velocities. Further assuming logarithmic normal distribution, 95% experimental data fell into the 90% confidence interval. The fractal settling model is helpful for the prediction of settling velocities of granular sludge and the optimization of bioreactor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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23
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Temperature dependence of nitrogen removal activity by anammox bacteria enriched at low temperatures. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:505-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Stolz JF. Gaia and her microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 93:fiw247. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Xi D, Bai R, Zhang L, Fang Y. Contribution of Anammox to Nitrogen Removal in Two Temperate Forest Soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4602-4612. [PMID: 27208117 PMCID: PMC4984287 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00888-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite reduction to dinitrogen (termed anammox) has been reported to be an important process for removing fixed nitrogen (N) in marine ecosystems and in some agricultural and wetland soils. However, its importance in upland forest soils has never been quantified. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of anammox activity in two temperate forest soils collected from northeastern China. With (15)N-labeled NO3 (-) incubation, we found that the combined potential of the N2 production rates of anammox and codenitrification ranged from 0.01 ± 0.01 to 1.2 ± 0.18 nmol N per gram of soil per hour, contributing 0.5% to 14.4% of the total N2 production along the soil profile. Denitrification was the main pathway of N2 production and accounted for 85.6% to 99.5% of the total N2 production. Further labeling experiments with (15)NH4 (+) and (15)NO2 (-) indicated that codenitrification was present in the mixed forest soil. Codenitrification and anammox accounted for 2% to 12% and 1% to 7% of the total N2 production, respectively. Two anammox species, "Candidatus Brocadia fulgida" and "Candidatus Jettenia asiatica," were detected in this study but in very low abundance (as indicated by the hzsB gene). Our results demonstrated that the anammox process occurs in forest soils, but the contribution to N2 loss might be low in these ecosystems. More research is necessary to determine the activities of different N2 releasing pathways in different forest soils. IMPORTANCE In this study, we examined the anammox activity in temperate upland forest soils using the (15)N isotope technique. We found that the anammox process contributed little to the N2 production rate in the studied forest soil. Two anammox organisms, "Candidatus Brocadia fulgida" and "Candidatus Jettenia asiatica," were detected. In addition, we found that codenitrification was another N2 production pathway in forest soils. Our results could contribute to the understanding of soil gaseous N losses and microbial controls in forest soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ren Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- Qingyuan Forest CERN, Shenyang, China
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26
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Oshiki M, Ali M, Shinyako-Hata K, Satoh H, Okabe S. Hydroxylamine-dependent anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) by “Candidatus
Brocadia sinica”. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:3133-43. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Department of Civil Engineering; National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College; Nagaoka Niigata 940-8532 Japan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; North-13, West-8 Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Thuwal; 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaori Shinyako-Hata
- Tokyo Engineering Consultants Co., Ltd., Kasumigaseki, Chioyadaku, Tokyo 100-0013, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; North-13, West-8 Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Hokkaido University; North-13, West-8 Sapporo Hokkaido 060-8628 Japan
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27
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Babbin AR, Jayakumar A, Ward BB. Organic Matter Loading Modifies the Microbial Community Responsible for Nitrogen Loss in Estuarine Sediments. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2016; 71:555-565. [PMID: 26520832 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coastal marine sediments, as locations of substantial fixed nitrogen loss, are very important to the nitrogen budget and to the primary productivity of the oceans. Coastal sediment systems are also highly dynamic and subject to periodic natural and anthropogenic organic substrate additions. The response to organic matter by the microbial community involved in nitrogen loss processes was evaluated using mesocosms of Chesapeake Bay sediments. Over the course of a 50-day incubation, rates of anammox and denitrification were measured weekly using (15)N tracer incubations, and samples were collected for genetic analysis. Rates of both nitrogen loss processes and gene abundances associated with them corresponded loosely, probably because heterogeneities in sediments obscured a clear relationship. The rates of denitrification were stimulated more, and the fraction of nitrogen loss attributed to anammox slightly reduced, by the higher organic matter addition. Furthermore, the large organic matter pulse drove a significant and rapid shift in the denitrifier community composition as determined using a nirS microarray, indicating that the diversity of these organisms plays an essential role in responding to anthropogenic inputs. We also suggest that the proportion of nitrogen loss due to anammox in these coastal estuarine sediments may be underestimated due to temporal dynamics as well as from methodological artifacts related to conventional sediment slurry incubation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Babbin
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Amal Jayakumar
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Bess B Ward
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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28
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Su JF, Cheng C, Huang TL, Ma F, Lu JS, Shao SC. Novel simultaneous Fe(iii) reduction and ammonium oxidation of Klebsiella sp. FC61 under the anaerobic conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simultaneous Fe(iii) reduction and ammonium oxidation of strain FC61 was isolated from the Tang Yu oligotrophic reservoir of Xi'an (China).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun feng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi'an 710055
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
| | - Ce Cheng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi'an 710055
- China
| | - Ting lin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi'an 710055
- China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- China
| | - Jin suo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi'an 710055
- China
| | - Si cheng Shao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering
- Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
- Xi'an 710055
- China
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29
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Yao Z, Lu P, Zhang D, Wan X, Li Y, Peng S. Stoichiometry and kinetics of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) with trace hydrazine addition. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:70-76. [PMID: 26364230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of this study is to investigate the stoichiometry and kinetics of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) with trace hydrazine addition. The stoichiometry was established based on the electron balance of Anammox process with trace N2H4 addition. The stoichiometric coefficients were determined by the proton consumption and the changes in substrates and products. It was found that trace N2H4 addition can increase the yield of Anammox bacteria (AnAOB) and reduce NO3(-) yield, which enhances the Anammox. Subsequently, kinetic model of Anammox with trace N2H4 addition was developed, and the parameters of the anaerobic degradation model of N2H4 were obtained for the first time. The maximum specific substrate utilization rate, half-saturation constant and inhibition constant of N2H4 were 25.09mgN/g VSS/d, 10.42mgN/L and 1393.88mgN/L, respectively. These kinetic parameters might provide important information for the engineering applications of Anammox with trace N2H4 addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Yao
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Daijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wan
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yulian Li
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Shuchan Peng
- Department of Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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30
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Wei Y, Chen M. In-situ restoring nitrogen removal for the combined partial nitritation-anammox process deteriorated by nitrate build-up. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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31
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Zhang R, Li L, Liu J. Synthesis and characterization of ferric tannate as a novel porous adsorptive-catalyst for nitrogen removal from wastewater. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferric tannate was synthesized herein using tannic acid and ferric chloride at neutral pH, showing a unique capacity for adsorption-catalyzed conversion of NH4+-N and NO2−-N to N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Lin Li
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Junxin Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
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32
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Bains W, Seager S, Zsom A. Photosynthesis in hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. Life (Basel) 2014; 4:716-44. [PMID: 25411926 PMCID: PMC4284464 DOI: 10.3390/life4040716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of extrasolar planets discovered in the last decade shows that we should not be constrained to look for life in environments similar to early or present-day Earth. Super-Earth exoplanets are being discovered with increasing frequency, and some will be able to retain a stable, hydrogen-dominated atmosphere. We explore the possibilities for photosynthesis on a rocky planet with a thin H2-dominated atmosphere. If a rocky, H2-dominated planet harbors life, then that life is likely to convert atmospheric carbon into methane. Outgassing may also build an atmosphere in which methane is the principal carbon species. We describe the possible chemical routes for photosynthesis starting from methane and show that less energy and lower energy photons could drive CH4-based photosynthesis as compared with CO2-based photosynthesis. We find that a by-product biosignature gas is likely to be H2, which is not distinct from the hydrogen already present in the environment. Ammonia is a potential biosignature gas of hydrogenic photosynthesis that is unlikely to be generated abiologically. We suggest that the evolution of methane-based photosynthesis is at least as likely as the evolution of anoxygenic photosynthesis on Earth and may support the evolution of complex life.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bains
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Andras Zsom
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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33
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Sonthiphand P, Hall MW, Neufeld JD. Biogeography of anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:399. [PMID: 25147546 PMCID: PMC4123730 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are able to oxidize ammonia and reduce nitrite to produce N2 gas. After being discovered in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), anammox bacteria were subsequently characterized in natural environments, including marine, estuary, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. Although anammox bacteria play an important role in removing fixed N from both engineered and natural ecosystems, broad scale anammox bacterial distributions have not yet been summarized. The objectives of this study were to explore global distributions and diversity of anammox bacteria and to identify factors that influence their biogeography. Over 6000 anammox 16S rRNA gene sequences from the public database were analyzed in this current study. Data ordinations indicated that salinity was an important factor governing anammox bacterial distributions, with distinct populations inhabiting natural and engineered ecosystems. Gene phylogenies and rarefaction analysis demonstrated that freshwater environments and the marine water column harbored the highest and the lowest diversity of anammox bacteria, respectively. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that Ca. Scalindua strongly connected with other Ca. Scalindua taxa, whereas Ca. Brocadia co-occurred with taxa from both known and unknown anammox genera. Our survey provides a better understanding of ecological factors affecting anammox bacterial distributions and provides a comprehensive baseline for understanding the relationships among anammox communities in global environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W Hall
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Josh D Neufeld
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada
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34
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Hanson TE, Campbell BJ, Kalis KM, Campbell MA, Klotz MG. Nitrate ammonification by Nautilia profundicola AmH: experimental evidence consistent with a free hydroxylamine intermediate. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:180. [PMID: 23847604 PMCID: PMC3701875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of nitrate reduction via nitrite controls the fate and bioavailability of mineral nitrogen within ecosystems; i.e., whether it is retained as ammonium (ammonification) or lost as nitrous oxide or dinitrogen (denitrification). Here, we present experimental evidence for a novel pathway of microbial nitrate reduction, the reverse hydroxylamine:ubiquinone reductase module (reverse-HURM) pathway. Instead of a classical ammonia-forming nitrite reductase that performs a 6 electron-transfer process, the pathway is thought to employ two catalytic redox modules operating in sequence: the reverse-HURM reducing nitrite to hydroxylamine followed by a hydroxylamine reductase that converts hydroxylamine to ammonium. Experiments were performed on Nautilia profundicola strain AmH, whose genome sequence led to the reverse-HURM pathway proposal. N. profundicola produced ammonium from nitrate, which was assimilated into biomass. Furthermore, genes encoding the catalysts of the reverse-HURM pathway were preferentially expressed during growth of N. profundicola on nitrate as an electron acceptor relative to cultures grown on polysulfide as an electron acceptor. Finally, nitrate-grown cells of N. profundicola were able to rapidly and stoichiometrically convert high concentrations of hydroxylamine to ammonium in resting cell assays. These experiments are consistent with the reverse-HURM pathway and a free hydroxylamine intermediate, but could not definitively exclude direct nitrite reduction to ammonium by the reverse-HURM with hydroxylamine as an off-pathway product. N. profundicola and related organisms are models for a new pathway of nitrate ammonification that may have global impact due to the wide distribution of these organisms in hypoxic environments and symbiotic or pathogenic associations with animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Hanson
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA ; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware Newark, DE, USA
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35
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Babbin AR, Ward BB. Controls on nitrogen loss processes in Chesapeake Bay sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:4189-4196. [PMID: 23469958 DOI: 10.1021/es304842r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The flux of fixed nitrogen into the marine environment is increasing as a direct result of anthropogenic nitrogen loading, but the controls on the mechanisms responsible for the removal of this increased supply are not well constrained. The fate of fixed nitrogen via mineralization and nitrogen loss processes was investigated by simulating a settling event of organic matter (OM) in mesocosms containing Chesapeake Bay sediments. Microorganisms rapidly transformed the OM during the course of a seven week incubation ultimately leading to nitrogen loss via denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox). The microbial community responded quickly to the OM amendment suggesting that estuarine sediments can buffer the natural system against sudden injections of organic material. Two different levels of organic matter amendment resulted in different magnitudes of ammonium and nitrite accumulation during the incubation, but both treatments exhibited the same overall sequence of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) accumulation and removal. An inverse least-squares analysis coupled to a Michaelis-Menten prognostic model was conducted to estimate rates of nitrogen transformations from the measured DIN concentrations. Whereas the rates were higher at higher OM, the percentage of nitrogen lost via anammox was constant at 44.3 ± 0.3%. The stoichiometry of organic matter and the allochthonous supply of ammonium determined the relative contribution of anammox and denitrification to overall nitrogen loss. Further, in situ thermodynamics based on measured concentrations suggested that the energy favorability of denitrification and anammox plays a role in determining the timing of these processes as OM remineralization progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Babbin
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
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36
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Physiological characterization of an anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium belonging to the "Candidatus scalindua" group. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4145-8. [PMID: 23584767 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00056-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics (e.g., Ks and maximum specific growth rate [μmax]) of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacterium, "Candidatus Scalindua sp.," enriched from the marine sediment of Hiroshima Bay, Japan, were investigated. "Candidatus Scalindua sp." exhibits higher affinity for nitrite and a lower growth rate and yield than the known anammox species.
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37
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Carvajal-Arroyo JM, Sun W, Sierra-Alvarez R, Field JA. Inhibition of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) enrichment cultures by substrates, metabolites and common wastewater constituents. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:22-7. [PMID: 23245574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an emerging technology for nitrogen removal that provides a more environmentally sustainable and cost effective alternative compared to conventional biological treatment methods. The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory impact of anammox substrates, metabolites and common wastewater constituents on the microbial activity of two different anammox enrichment cultures (suspended and granular), both dominated by bacteria from the genus Brocadia. Inhibition was evaluated in batch assays by comparing the N(2) production rates in the absence or presence of each compound supplied in a range of concentrations. The optimal pH was 7.5 and 7.3 for the suspended and granular enrichment cultures, respectively. Among the substrates or products, ammonium and nitrate caused low to moderate inhibition, whereas nitrite caused almost complete inhibition at concentrations higher than 15 mM. The intermediate, hydrazine, either stimulated or caused low inhibition of anammox activity up to 3mM. Of the common constituents in wastewater, hydrogen sulfide was the most severe inhibitor, with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) as low as 0.03 mM undissociated H(2)S. Dissolved O(2) showed moderate inhibition (IC(50)=2.3-3.8 mg L(-1)). In contrast, phosphate and salinity (NaCl) posed very low inhibition. The suspended- and granular anammox enrichment cultures had similar patterns of response to the various inhibitory stresses with the exception of phosphate. The findings of this study provide comprehensive insights on the tolerance of the anammox process to a wide variety of potential inhibiting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Carvajal-Arroyo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210011, 85721 Tucson, AZ, USA.
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38
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Kartal B, de Almeida NM, Maalcke WJ, Op den Camp HJM, Jetten MSM, Keltjens JT. How to make a living from anaerobic ammonium oxidation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:428-61. [PMID: 23210799 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria primarily grow by the oxidation of ammonium coupled to nitrite reduction, using CO2 as the sole carbon source. Although they were neglected for a long time, anammox bacteria are encountered in an enormous species (micro)diversity in virtually any anoxic environment that contains fixed nitrogen. It has even been estimated that about 50% of all nitrogen gas released into the atmosphere is made by these 'impossible' bacteria. Anammox catabolism most likely resides in a special cell organelle, the anammoxosome, which is surrounded by highly unusual ladder-like (ladderane) lipids. Ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction proceed in a cyclic electron flow through two intermediates, hydrazine and nitric oxide, resulting in the generation of proton-motive force for ATP synthesis. Reduction reactions associated with CO2 fixation drain electrons from this cycle, and they are replenished by the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. Besides ammonium or nitrite, anammox bacteria use a broad range of organic and inorganic compounds as electron donors. An analysis of the metabolic opportunities even suggests alternative chemolithotrophic lifestyles that are independent of these compounds. We note that current concepts are still largely hypothetical and put forward the most intriguing questions that need experimental answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Kartal
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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39
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Sri Shalini S, Joseph K. Nitrogen management in landfill leachate: application of SHARON, ANAMMOX and combined SHARON-ANAMMOX process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 32:2385-2400. [PMID: 22766438 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In today's context of waste management, landfilling of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is considered to be one of the standard practices worldwide. Leachate generated from municipal landfills has become a great threat to the surroundings as it contains high concentration of organics, ammonia and other toxic pollutants. Emphasis has to be placed on the removal of ammonia nitrogen in particular, derived from the nitrogen content of the MSW and it is a long term pollution problem in landfills which determines when the landfill can be considered stable. Several biological processes are available for the removal of ammonia but novel processes such as the Single Reactor System for High Activity Ammonia Removal over Nitrite (SHARON) and Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process have great potential and several advantages over conventional processes. The combined SHARON-ANAMMOX process for municipal landfill leachate treatment is a new, innovative and significant approach that requires more research to identify and solve critical issues. This review addresses the operational parameters, microbiology, biochemistry and application of both the processes to remove ammonia from leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sri Shalini
- Centre for Environmental Studies, Anna University, Chennai, India.
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40
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Kartal B, van Niftrik L, Keltjens JT, Op den Camp HJM, Jetten MSM. Anammox--growth physiology, cell biology, and metabolism. Adv Microb Physiol 2012; 60:211-62. [PMID: 22633060 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398264-3.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (anammox) bacteria are the last major addition to the nitrogen-cycle (N-cycle). Because of the presumed inert nature of ammonium under anoxic conditions, the organisms were deemed to be nonexistent until about 15 years ago. They, however, appear to be present in virtually any anoxic place where fixed nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate, nitrite) is found. In various mar`ine ecosystems, anammox bacteria are a major or even the only sink for fixed nitrogen. According to current estimates, about 50% of all nitrogen gas released into the atmosphere is made by these bacteria. Besides this, the microorganisms may be very well suited to be applied as an efficient, cost-effective, and environmental-friendly alternative to conventional wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen. So far, nine different anammox species divided over five genera have been enriched, but none of these are in pure culture. This number is only a modest reflection of a continuum of species that is suggested by 16S rRNA analyses of environmental samples. In their environments, anammox bacteria thrive not just by competition, but rather by delicate metabolic interactions with other N-cycle organisms. Anammox bacteria owe their position in the N-cycle to their unique property to oxidize ammonium in the absence of oxygen. Recent research established that they do so by activating the compound into hydrazine (N(2)H(4)), using the oxidizing power of nitric oxide (NO). NO is produced by the reduction of nitrite, the terminal electron acceptor of the process. The forging of the N-N bond in hydrazine is catalyzed by hydrazine synthase, a fairly slow enzyme and its low activity possibly explaining the slow growth rates and long doubling times of the organisms. The oxidation of hydrazine results in the formation of the end product (N(2)), and electrons that are invested both in electron-transport phosphorylation and in the regeneration of the catabolic intermediates (N(2)H(4), NO). Next to this, the electrons provide the reducing power for CO(2) fixation. The electron-transport phosphorylation machinery represents another unique characteristic, as it is most likely localized on a special cell organelle, the anammoxosome, which is surrounded by a glycerolipid bilayer of ladder-like ("ladderane") cyclobutane and cyclohexane ring structures. The use of ammonium and nitrite as sole substrates might suggest a simple metabolic system, but the contrary seems to be the case. Genome analysis and ongoing biochemical research reveal an only partly understood redundancy in respiratory systems, featuring an unprecedented collection of cytochrome c proteins. The presence of the respiratory systems lends anammox bacteria a metabolic versatility that we are just beginning to appreciate. A specialized use of substrates may provide different anammox species their ecological niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Kartal
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Wetland and Water Research (IWWR), Faculty of Science, Radboud University of Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zekker I, Kroon K, Rikmann E, Tenno T, Tomingas M, Vabamäe P, Vlaeminck SE, Tenno T. Accelerating effect of hydroxylamine and hydrazine on nitrogen removal rate in moving bed biofilm reactor. Biodegradation 2012; 23:739-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-012-9549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sulfate-reducing anaerobic ammonium oxidation as a potential treatment method for high nitrogen-content wastewater. Biodegradation 2011; 23:509-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Schneider Y, Beier M, Rosenwinkel KH. Determination of the nitrous oxide emission potential of deammonification under anoxic conditions. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2011; 83:2199-2210. [PMID: 22368962 DOI: 10.2175/106143011x13173281922437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Various studies have been performed to determine nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from conventional biological nitrogen removal processes in wastewater treatment like nitrification and denitrification in the main stream. However, with respect to the overall emissions of a wastewater treatment plant, part-stream treatment for high-strength wastewater (e.g., sludge liquor) is also expected to hold a significant emission potential because of high concentrations and extreme boundary conditions. This paper presents results from a laboratory-scale study on nitrous oxide production by biomass from a deammonification process (nitritation + anammox) under anoxic conditions. It was discovered that N2O formation results from incomplete endogenous denitrification rather than anammox and is dependent on substrate availability. Based on direct measurements of the dissolved N2O concentrations in a sequencing batch reactor, the dynamic behavior of N2O production is characterized in more detail. The results show that, during anoxic conditions, the N2O emission potential of deammonification is significantly lower than from conventional denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Schneider
- Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management (ISAH), Leibniz University of Hanover, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Kraft B, Strous M, Tegetmeyer HE. Microbial nitrate respiration – Genes, enzymes and environmental distribution. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:104-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Versatility and application of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 91:887-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Oshiki M, Shimokawa M, Fujii N, Satoh H, Okabe S. Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:1706-1713. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.048595-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m−3 day−1. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’ on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.0041 h−1, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K
s) for ammonium and nitrite of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ were 28±4 and 86±4 µM, respectively, higher than those of ‘Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans’ and ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25–45 °C and pH 6.5–8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50 % inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91 % at 1 mM) and methanol (86 % at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70 % of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3 % salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol
NH
4
+
)−1, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Oshiki
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masaki Shimokawa
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoki Fujii
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hisashi Satoh
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, Japan
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Proteins and protein complexes involved in the biochemical reactions of anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria. Biochem Soc Trans 2011; 39:303-8. [PMID: 21265793 DOI: 10.1042/bst0390303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been less than two decades since anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) coupled to nitrite reduction has been discovered. Already, this process has been recognized as an important sink for fixed nitrogen in the natural environment and has been implemented as a cost-effective ammonium removal technology. Still, little is known about the molecular mechanism of this remarkable reaction. In this mini review, we present an insight into how ammonium and nitrite are combined to form dinitrogen gas.
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Hu A, Zheng P, Mahmood Q, Zhang L, Shen L, Ding S. Characteristics of nitrogenous substrate conversion by anammox enrichment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:536-542. [PMID: 20729076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of nitrogenous substrates conversion by anammox enrichment were investigated using batch experiments. The anammox enrichment was proved able to convert hydroxylamine to hydrazine, as well as convert hydrazine to ammonia anaerobically, with the average conversion rates of 0.207 and 0.031 mmol gVSS(-1) h(-1). It could convert hydroxylamine and nitrite simultaneously, with ammonia as an intermediate product. The maximum conversion rates of hydroxylamine and nitrite were 0.535 and 0.145 mmol gVSS(-1) h(-1), respectively. Their conversion rates were enhanced by 26.7% and 120.7%, respectively, by raising the ratio of hydroxylamine to nitrite from 1:1 to 2:1. The characteristics of nitrogenous substrate conversion by anammox enrichment could be explained using the speculative anammox pathway based on van de Graaf model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhui Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Lam P, Kuypers MMM. Microbial nitrogen cycling processes in oxygen minimum zones. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2011; 3:317-45. [PMID: 21329208 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) harbor unique microbial communities that rely on alternative electron acceptors for respiration. Conditions therein enable an almost complete nitrogen (N) cycle and substantial N-loss. N-loss in OMZs is attributable to anammox and heterotrophic denitrification, whereas nitrate reduction to nitrite along with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium are major remineralization pathways. Despite virtually anoxic conditions, nitrification also occurs in OMZs, converting remineralized ammonium to N-oxides. The concurrence of all these processes provides a direct channel from organic N to the ultimate N-loss, whereas most individual processes are likely controlled by organic matter. Many microorganisms inhabiting the OMZs are capable of multiple functions in the N- and other elemental cycles. Their versatile metabolic potentials versus actual activities present a challenge to ecophysiological and biogeochemical measurements. These challenges need to be tackled before we can realistically predict how N-cycling in OMZs, and thus oceanic N-balance, will respond to future global perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyllis Lam
- Nutrient Group, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Park H, Rosenthal A, Jezek R, Ramalingam K, Fillos J, Chandran K. Impact of inocula and growth mode on the molecular microbial ecology of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) bioreactor communities. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:5005-5013. [PMID: 20684970 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2010] [Revised: 06/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The composition of distinctly inoculated granular anammox and biofilm-based completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) bioreactors was investigated from start-up through continuous long-term operation via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. The granular anammox reactor was seeded with sludge from an operational anammox reactor in Strass, Austria. The CANON reactor was seeded with activated sludge from a local wastewater treatment plant in New York City. The principal anammox bacteria (AMX) shifted from members related to Kuenenia stuttgartiensis present in the initial inoculum to members related to Candidatus Brocadia fulgida during pre-enrichment (before this study) and to members related to Candidatus Brocadia sp. 40 (during this study) in the granular reactor. AMX related to C. Brocadia sp. 40 were also enriched from activated sludge in the CANON reactor. The estimated doubling times of AMX in the granular and CANON reactors were 5.3 and 8.9 days, respectively, which are lower than the value of 11 days, reported previously. Both the granular anammox and CANON reactors also fostered significant amounts of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The fractions of AMX and two groups of NOB were generally similar in the granular anammox and CANON reactors. However, the diversity and fractions of AOB in the two reactors was markedly different. Therefore, it is suggested that the composition of the feed and extant substrate concentrations in the reactor likely select for the microbial community composition more than the inocula and reactor configuration. Further, such selection is not equivalent for all resident communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkeun Park
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
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