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Sokullu E, Gauthier MS, Coulombe B. Discovery of Antivirals Using Phage Display. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061120. [PMID: 34200959 PMCID: PMC8230593 DOI: 10.3390/v13061120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The latest coronavirus disease outbreak, COVID-19, has brought attention to viral infections which have posed serious health threats to humankind throughout history. The rapid global spread of COVID-19 is attributed to the increased human mobility of today's world, yet the threat of viral infections to global public health is expected to increase continuously in part due to increasing human-animal interface. Development of antiviral agents is crucial to combat both existing and novel viral infections. Recently, there is a growing interest in peptide/protein-based drug molecules. Antibodies are becoming especially predominant in the drug market. Indeed, in a remarkably short period, four antibody therapeutics were authorized for emergency use in COVID-19 treatment in the US, Russia, and India as of November 2020. Phage display has been one of the most widely used screening methods for peptide/antibody drug discovery. Several phage display-derived biologics are already in the market, and the expiration of intellectual property rights of phage-display antibody discovery platforms suggests an increment in antibody drugs in the near future. This review summarizes the most common phage display libraries used in antiviral discovery, highlights the approaches employed to enhance the antiviral potency of selected peptides/antibody fragments, and finally provides a discussion about the present status of the developed antivirals in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sokullu
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Marie-Soleil Gauthier
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
| | - Benoit Coulombe
- Department of Translational Proteomics, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (B.C.)
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Morales-Lange B, Ramírez-Cepeda F, Schmitt P, Guzmán F, Lagos L, Øverland M, Wong-Benito V, Imarai M, Fuentes D, Boltaña S, Alcaíno J, Soto C, Mercado L. Interferon Gamma Induces the Increase of Cell-Surface Markers (CD80/86, CD83 and MHC-II) in Splenocytes From Atlantic Salmon. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666356. [PMID: 34054836 PMCID: PMC8155612 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type II interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine capable of modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses which has been widely characterized in several teleost families. In fish, IFNγ stimulates the expression of cytokines and chemokines associated with the pro-inflammatory response and enhances the production of nitrogen and oxygen reactive species in phagocytic cells. This work studied the effect of IFNγ on the expression of cell-surface markers on splenocytes of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). In vitro results showed that subpopulations of mononuclear splenocytes cultured for 15 days were capable of increasing gene expression and protein availability of cell-surface markers such as CD80/86, CD83 and MHC II, after being stimulated with recombinant IFNγ. These results were observed for subpopulations with characteristics associated with monocytes (51%), and features that could be related to lymphocytes (46.3%). In addition, a decrease in the expression of zbtb46 was detected in IFNγ-stimulated splenocytes. Finally, the expression of IFNγ and cell-surface markers was assessed in Atlantic salmon under field conditions. In vivo results showed that the expression of ifnγ increased simultaneously with the up-regulation of cd80/86, cd83 and mhcii during a natural outbreak of Piscirickettsia salmonis. Overall, the results obtained in this study allow us to propose IFNγ as a candidate molecule to stimulate the phenotypic progression of a small population of immune cells, which will increase antigen presenting cells markers. Thereby, modulatory strategies using IFNγ may generate a robust and coordinated immune response in fish against pathogens that affect aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Morales-Lange
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Ramírez-Cepeda
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Síntesis de Péptidos, Núcleo Biotecnología de Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Leidy Lagos
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Valentina Wong-Benito
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Departamento de Biología, Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Derie Fuentes
- Aquaculture and Marine Ecosystems, Center for Systems Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Chile Research, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Boltaña
- Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | | | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Morales-Lange B, Nombela I, Ortega-Villaizán MDM, Imarai M, Schmitt P, Mercado L. Induction of foxp3 during the Crosstalk between Antigen Presenting Like-Cells MHCII +CD83 + and Splenocytes CD4 +IgM - in Rainbow Trout. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040324. [PMID: 33924548 PMCID: PMC8069158 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary In aquatic biological models, the communication between cells from the immune system remains poorly characterized. In this work, to determine the gene expression of master transcriptional factors that coordinate the polarization of T cells, co-cultures of rainbow trout splenocytes are analyzed after stimulation with Interferon-gamma and/or Piscirickettsia salmonis. The results showed an upregulation of foxp3 compared to the other transcriptional factors, suggesting a potential communication between cells in the spleen, which may induce a Treg phenotype. Abstract In fish, the spleen is one of the major immune organs in the animal, and the splenocytes could play a key role in the activation and modulation of the immune response, both innate and adaptive. However, the crosstalk between different types of immune cells in the spleen has been poorly understood. In this work, an in vitro strategy is carried out to obtain and characterize mononuclear splenocytes from rainbow trout, using biomarkers associated with lymphocytes (CD4 and IgM) and antigen-presenting cells (CD83 and MHC II). Using these splenocytes, co-cultures of 24 and 48 h are used to determine the gene expression of master transcriptional factors that coordinate the polarization of T cells (t-bet, gata3, and foxp3). The results show a proportional upregulation of foxp3 (compared to t-bet and gata3) in co-cultures (at 24 h) of IFNγ-induced splenocytes with and without stimulation of Piscirickettsia salmonis proteins. In addition, foxp3 upregulation was established in co-cultures with IFNγ-induced cells and in cells only stimulated previously with P. salmonis proteins at 48 h of co-culture. These results show a potential communication between antigen-presenting-like cells and lymphocyte in the spleen, which could be induced towards a Treg phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron Morales-Lange
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile; (B.M.-L.); (P.S.)
| | - Ivan Nombela
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (I.N.); (M.D.M.O.-V.)
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000 Flanders, Belgium
| | - María Del Mar Ortega-Villaizán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular (IBMC) and Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández (UMH), 03202 Elche, Spain; (I.N.); (M.D.M.O.-V.)
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central, 9160000 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile; (B.M.-L.); (P.S.)
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2340000 Valparaíso, Chile; (B.M.-L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Bartsch IM, Perelmuter K, Bollati-Fogolín M, Bartsch J. A, Guzmán F, Marshall SH. An in vitro model mimicking the complement system to favor directed phagocytosis of unwanted cells. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Synthetic Peptides as a Promising Alternative to Control Viral Infections in Atlantic Salmon. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080600. [PMID: 32717804 PMCID: PMC7459813 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections in salmonids represent an ongoing challenge for the aquaculture industry. Two RNA viruses, the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) and the infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), have become a latent risk without healing therapies available for either. In this context, antiviral peptides emerge as effective and relatively safe therapeutic molecules. Based on in silico analysis of VP2 protein from IPNV and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from ISAV, a set of peptides was designed and were chemically synthesized to block selected key events in their corresponding infectivity processes. The peptides were tested in fish cell lines in vitro, and four were selected for decreasing the viral load: peptide GIM182 for IPNV, and peptides GIM535, GIM538 and GIM539 for ISAV. In vivo tests with the IPNV GIM 182 peptide were carried out using Salmo salar fish, showing a significant decrease of viral load, and proving the safety of the peptide for fish. The results indicate that the use of peptides as antiviral agents in disease control might be a viable alternative to explore in aquaculture.
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Ojeda N, Cárdenas C, Marshall S. Interaction of the Amino-Terminal Domain of the ISAV Fusion Protein with a Cognate Cell Receptor. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9060416. [PMID: 32471165 PMCID: PMC7350309 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), etiological agent of the disease by the same name, causes major losses to the salmon industry. Classified as a member of the Orthomyxoviridae family, ISAV is characterized by the presence of two surface glycoproteins termed hemagglutinin esterase (HE) and fusion protein (F), both of them directly involved in the initial interaction of the virus with the target cell. HE mediates receptor binding and destruction, while F promotes the fusion process of the viral and cell membranes. The carboxy-terminal end of F (F2) possesses canonical structural characteristics of a type I fusion protein, while no functional properties have been proposed for the amino-terminal (F1) region. In this report, based on in silico modeling, we propose a tertiary structure for the F1 region, which resembles a sialic acid binding domain. Furthermore, using recombinant forms of both HE and F proteins and an in vitro model system, we demonstrate the interaction of F with a cell receptor, the hydrolysis of this receptor by the HE esterase, and a crucial role for F1 in the fusion mechanism. Our interpretation is that binding of F to its cell receptor is fundamental for membrane fusion and that the esterase in HE modulates this interaction.
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Prada YA, Guzmán F, Ortíz C, Cabanzo R, Torres R, Mejía-Ospino E. New Synthetic Peptides Conjugated to Gold Nanoclusters: Antibiotic Activity Against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Protein J 2020; 38:506-514. [PMID: 31119600 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoclusters protected with bovine serum albumin (AuNC) can be used in multiple biomedical applications through functionalization with two new and bioactive peptides. Both cationic peptides sequences of 17 amino acids in length and the cysteine residue at its C-terminus were designed and synthesized. Peptides were obtained by solid phase synthesis using the Fmoc strategy. Peptides may be coupled via disulfide bonds to AuNC with hydrodynamic size ~ 2 nm ± 0.3 determined by dynamic light scattering and it had a zeta potential value equal to - 42 mV. Peptides named NBC2253 and NBC2254 were attached to the AuNC using N-succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyl-dithiol) propionate as crosslinker agent. AuNC@NBC2253 was more active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MIC50 6.5 µM) and AuNC@NBC2254 exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than the free peptides on Escherichia coli O157:H7 (MIC50 3.5 µM). No hemolysis was detected for any of the peptides. It is evidenced that these antimicrobial peptides conjugated to AuNC serve as promising agents to combat some multi-resistant bacterial strains and that the specific binding of these antimicrobial peptides to gold nanoclusters improves the interaction of these nanostructured systems with the biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Prada
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (LEAM), Centro de Materiales y Nanociencias (CMN), Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, 681012, Colombia.
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Laboratorio de Síntesis de Péptidos, Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma (NBC), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2373223, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Ortíz
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, 680001, Colombia
| | - Rafael Cabanzo
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (LEAM), Centro de Materiales y Nanociencias (CMN), Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, 681012, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica y Microbiología (GIBIM), Escuela de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, 680001, Colombia
| | - Enrique Mejía-Ospino
- Laboratorio de Espectroscopía Atómica y Molecular (LEAM), Centro de Materiales y Nanociencias (CMN), Parque Tecnológico Guatiguará, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Piedecuesta, 681012, Colombia
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Haney EF, Straus SK, Hancock REW. Reassessing the Host Defense Peptide Landscape. Front Chem 2019; 7:43. [PMID: 30778385 PMCID: PMC6369191 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research has demonstrated that small cationic amphipathic peptides have strong potential not only as antimicrobials, but also as antibiofilm agents, immune modulators, and anti-inflammatories. Although traditionally termed antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) these additional roles have prompted a shift in terminology to use the broader term host defense peptides (HDPs) to capture the multi-functional nature of these molecules. In this review, we critically examined the role of AMPs and HDPs in infectious diseases and inflammation. It is generally accepted that HDPs are multi-faceted mediators of a wide range of biological processes, with individual activities dependent on their polypeptide sequence. In this context, we explore the concept of chemical space as it applies to HDPs and hypothesize that the various functions and activities of this class of molecule exist on independent but overlapping activity landscapes. Finally, we outline several emerging functions and roles of HDPs and highlight how an improved understanding of these processes can potentially be leveraged to more fully realize the therapeutic promise of HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan F Haney
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Suzana K Straus
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Thong QX, Wong CL, Ooi MK, Kueh CL, Ho KL, Alitheen NB, Tan WS. Peptide inhibitors of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1227-1238. [PMID: 30041713 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNv) causes white tail disease (WTD) in giant freshwater prawns, which leads to devastating economic losses in the aquaculture industry. Despite extensive research on MrNv, there is still no antiviral agent to treat WTD. Thus, the main aim of this study was to identify potential anti-MrNv molecules. A 12-mer phage-displayed peptide library was biopanned against the MrNv virus-like particle (VLP). After four rounds of biopanning, two dominant phages harbouring the amino acid sequences HTKQIPRHIYSA and VSRHQSWHPHDL were selected. An equilibrium binding assay in solution was performed to determine the relative dissociation constant (KDrel) of the interaction between the MrNv VLP and the selected fusion phages. Phage-HTKQIPRHIYSA has a KDrel value of 92.4±22.8 nM, and phage-VSRHQSWHPHDL has a KDrel value of 12.7±3.8 nM. An in-cell elisa was used to determine the inhibitory effect of the synthetic peptides towards the entry of MrNv VLP into Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Peptides HTKQIPRHIYSA and VSRHQSWHPHDL inhibited the entry of the MrNv VLP into Sf9 cells with IC50 values of 30.4±3.6 and 26.5±8.8 µM, respectively. Combination of both peptides showed a significantly higher inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 4.9±0.4 µM. An MTT assay revealed that the viability of MrNv-infected cells increased to about 97 % in the presence of both peptides. A real-time RT-PCR assay showed that simultaneous application of both peptides significantly reduced the number of MrNv per infected cell, from 97±9 to 11±4. These peptides are lead compounds which can be further developed into potent anti-MrNv agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Xian Thong
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chuan Loo Wong
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Man Kwan Ooi
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,†Present address: Virus-Host Interaction Research Group, Infectious Disease Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chare Li Kueh
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- 3Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,4Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,4Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Teleosts Genomics: Progress and Prospects in Disease Prevention and Control. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041083. [PMID: 29617353 PMCID: PMC5979277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide studies based on conventional molecular tools and upcoming omics technologies are beginning to gain functional applications in the control and prevention of diseases in teleosts fish. Herein, we provide insights into current progress and prospects in the use genomics studies for the control and prevention of fish diseases. Metagenomics has emerged to be an important tool used to identify emerging infectious diseases for the timely design of rational disease control strategies, determining microbial compositions in different aquatic environments used for fish farming and the use of host microbiota to monitor the health status of fish. Expounding the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as therapeutic agents against different pathogens as well as elucidating their role in tissue regeneration is another vital aspect of genomics studies that had taken precedent in recent years. In vaccine development, prospects made include the identification of highly immunogenic proteins for use in recombinant vaccine designs as well as identifying gene signatures that correlate with protective immunity for use as benchmarks in optimizing vaccine efficacy. Progress in quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping is beginning to yield considerable success in identifying resistant traits against some of the highly infectious diseases that have previously ravaged the aquaculture industry. Altogether, the synopsis put forth shows that genomics studies are beginning to yield positive contribution in the prevention and control of fish diseases in aquaculture.
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de la Guardia C, Quijada M, Lleonart R. Phage-Displayed Peptides Selected to Bind Envelope Glycoprotein Show Antiviral Activity against Dengue Virus Serotype 2. Adv Virol 2017; 2017:1827341. [PMID: 29081802 PMCID: PMC5610824 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1827341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is a growing public health threat that affects hundreds of million peoples every year and leave huge economic and social damage. The virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and the incidence of the disease is increasing, among other causes, due to the geographical expansion of the vector's range and the lack of effectiveness in public health interventions in most prevalent countries. So far, no highly effective vaccine or antiviral has been developed for this virus. Here we employed phage display technology to identify peptides able to block the DENV2. A random peptide library presented in M13 phages was screened with recombinant dengue envelope and its fragment domain III. After four rounds of panning, several binding peptides were identified, synthesized, and tested against the virus. Three peptides were able to block the infectivity of the virus while not being toxic to the target cells. Blind docking simulations were done to investigate the possible mode of binding, showing that all peptides appear to bind domain III of the protein and may be mostly stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. These results are relevant to the development of novel therapeutics against this important virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina de la Guardia
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Building 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India
| | - Mario Quijada
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Building 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama
| | - Ricardo Lleonart
- Center of Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Building 219, Ciudad del Saber, Apartado 0843-01103, Panamá, Panama
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