1
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Brytan W, Shortall K, Duarte F, Soulimane T, Padrela L. Contribution of a C-Terminal Extension to the Substrate Affinity and Oligomeric Stability of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1075-1088. [PMID: 38602394 PMCID: PMC11080044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes (ALDHs) are widely studied for their roles in disease propagation and cell metabolism. Their use in biocatalysis applications, for the conversion of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, has also been recognized. Understanding the structural features and functions of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic ALDHs is key to uncovering novel applications of the enzyme and probing its role in disease propagation. The thermostable enzyme ALDHTt originating fromThermus thermophilus, strain HB27, possesses a unique extension of its C-terminus, which has been evolutionarily excluded from mesophilic counterparts and other thermophilic enzymes in the same genus. In this work, the thermophilic adaptation is studied by the expression and optimized purification of mutant ALDHTt-508, with a 22-amino acid truncation of the C-terminus. The mutant shows increased activity throughout production compared to native ALDHTt, indicating an opening of the active site upon C-terminus truncation and giving rationale into the evolutionary exclusion of the C-terminal extension from similar thermophilic and mesophilic ALDH proteins. Additionally, the C-terminus is shown to play a role in controlling substrate specificity of native ALDH, particularly in excluding catalysis of certain large and certain aromatic ortho-substituted aldehydes, as well as modulating the protein's pH tolerance by increasing surface charge. Dynamic light scattering and size-exclusion HPLC methods are used to show the role of the C-terminus in ALDHTt oligomeric stability at the cost of catalytic efficiency. Studying the aggregation rate of ALDHTt with and without a C-terminal extension leads to the conclusion that ALDHTt follows a monomolecular reaction aggregation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Brytan
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute,
University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Kim Shortall
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute,
University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Francisco Duarte
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute,
University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute,
University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- SSPC
− The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX,Ireland
| | - Luis Padrela
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute,
University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
- SSPC
− The Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Limerick V94 T9PX,Ireland
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2
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Shanbhag AP. Stairway to Stereoisomers: Engineering Short- and Medium-Chain Ketoreductases To Produce Chiral Alcohols. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200687. [PMID: 36640298 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The short- and medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamilies are responsible for most chiral alcohol production in laboratories and industries. In nature, they participate in diverse roles such as detoxification, housekeeping, secondary metabolite production, and catalysis of several chemicals with commercial and environmental significance. As a result, they are used in industries to create biopolymers, active pharmaceutical intermediates (APIs), and are also used as components of modular enzymes like polyketide synthases for fabricating bioactive molecules. Consequently, random, semi-rational and rational engineering have helped transform these enzymes into product-oriented efficient catalysts. The rise of newer synthetic chemicals and their enantiopure counterparts has proved challenging, and engineering them has been the subject of numerous studies. However, they are frequently limited to the synthesis of a single chiral alcohol. The study attempts to defragment and describe hotspots of engineering short- and medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases for the production of chiral synthons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh P Shanbhag
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, 700009, India.,Bugworks Research India Pvt. Ltd., C-CAMP, National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS-TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560003, India
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3
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Song P, Zhang X, Feng W, Xu W, Wu C, Xie S, Yu S, Fu R. Biological synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140662. [PMID: 36910199 PMCID: PMC9998936 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a fundamental treatment drug for numerous hepatobiliary diseases that also has adjuvant therapeutic effects on certain cancers and neurological diseases. Chemical UDCA synthesis is environmentally unfriendly with low yields. Biological UDCA synthesis by free-enzyme catalysis or whole-cell synthesis using inexpensive and readily available chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA), or lithocholic acid (LCA) as substrates is being developed. The free enzyme-catalyzed one-pot, one-step/two-step method uses hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH); whole-cell synthesis, mainly uses engineered bacteria (mainly Escherichia coli) expressing the relevant HSDHs. To further develop these methods, HSDHs with specific coenzyme dependence, high enzyme activity, good stability, and high substrate loading concentration, P450 monooxygenase with C-7 hydroxylation activity and engineered strain harboring HSDHs must be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Song
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China.,Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chaoyun Wu
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Shaoqing Xie
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Sisi Yu
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
| | - Rongzhao Fu
- Jiangxi Zymerck Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanchang, China
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4
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Engineering Isopropanol Dehydrogenase for Efficient Regeneration of Nicotinamide Cofactors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0034122. [PMID: 35442081 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00341-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive options for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration due to its low cost and simple downstream processing. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application for bioconversions. In this study, we simultaneously improved the thermostability (433-fold) and catalytic activity (3.3-fold) of IPADH from Brucella suis via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H) by 1.23 × 106-fold. When these variants were employed in three typical bioredox reactions to drive the synthesis of important chiral pharmaceutical building blocks, they outperformed the commonly used cofactor regeneration systems (glucose dehydrogenase [GDH], formate dehydrogenase [FDH], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]) with respect to efficiency of cofactor regeneration. Overall, our study provides two promising IPADH variants with complementary cofactor specificities that have great potential for wide applications. IMPORTANCE Oxidoreductases represent one group of the most important biocatalysts for synthesis of various chiral synthons. However, their practical application was hindered by the expensive nicotinamide cofactors used. Isopropanol dehydrogenase (IPADH) is one of the most attractive biocatalysts for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration. However, poor thermostability and strict cofactor dependency hinder its practical application. In this work, the thermostability and catalytic activity of an IPADH were simultaneously improved via a flexible segment engineering strategy. Meanwhile, the cofactor preference of IPADH was successfully switched from NAD(H) to NADP(H). The resultant variants show great potential for regeneration of nicotinamide cofactors, and the engineering strategy might serve as a useful approach for future engineering of other oxidoreductases.
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5
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Study of ALDH from Thermus thermophilus-Expression, Purification and Characterisation of the Non-Substrate Specific, Thermophilic Enzyme Displaying Both Dehydrogenase and Esterase Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123535. [PMID: 34944041 PMCID: PMC8699947 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH), found in all kingdoms of life, form a superfamily of enzymes that primarily catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes to form carboxylic acid products, while utilising the cofactor NAD(P)+. Some superfamily members can also act as esterases using p-nitrophenyl esters as substrates. The ALDHTt from Thermus thermophilus was recombinantly expressed in E. coli and purified to obtain high yields (approximately 15–20 mg/L) and purity utilising an efficient heat treatment step coupled with IMAC and gel filtration chromatography. The use of the heat treatment step proved critical, in its absence decreased yield of 40% was observed. Characterisation of the thermophilic ALDHTt led to optimum enzymatic working conditions of 50 °C, and a pH of 8. ALDHTt possesses dual enzymatic activity, with the ability to act as a dehydrogenase and an esterase. ALDHTt possesses broad substrate specificity, displaying activity for a range of aldehydes, most notably hexanal and the synthetic dialdehyde, terephthalaldehyde. Interestingly, para-substituted benzaldehydes could be processed efficiently, but ortho-substitution resulted in no catalytic activity. Similarly, ALDHTt displayed activity for two different esterase substrates, p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl butyrate, but with activities of 22.9% and 8.9%, respectively, compared to the activity towards hexanal.
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6
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Li A, Ting W, Yang K, Zhang X, Yin D, Qin Y, Zhang L. Engineering a Carbonyl Reductase as a Potential Tool for the Synthesis of Chiral α‐Tetralinols. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aipeng Li
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Wang Ting
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Xuanshuo Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Dongming Yin
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
| | - Yong Qin
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 030001 Taiyuan P. R. China
| | - Lianbing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Northwestern Polytechnical University 710072 Xi'an P. R. China
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7
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Orrego AH, Andrés-Sanz D, Velasco-Lozano S, Sanchez-Costa M, Berenguer J, Guisan JM, Rocha-Martin J, López-Gallego F. Self-sufficient asymmetric reduction of β-ketoesters catalysed by a novel and robust thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenase co-immobilised with NADH. Catal Sci Technol 2021; 11:3217-3230. [PMID: 34094502 PMCID: PMC8111925 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00268f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
β-Hydroxyesters are essential building blocks utilised by the pharmaceutical and food industries in the synthesis of functional products. Beyond the conventional production methods based on chemical catalysis or whole-cell synthesis, the asymmetric reduction of β-ketoesters with cell-free enzymes is gaining relevance. To this end, a novel thermophilic (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 (Tt27-HBDH) has been expressed, purified and biochemically characterised, determining its substrate specificity towards β-ketoesters and its dependence on NADH as a cofactor. The immobilization of Tt27-HBDH on agarose macroporous beads and its subsequent coating with polyethyleneimine has been found the best strategy to increase the stability and workability of the heterogeneous biocatalyst. Furthermore, we have embedded NADH in the cationic layer attached to the porous surface of the carrier. Since Tt27-HBDH catalyses cofactor recycling through 2-propanol oxidation, we achieve a self-sufficient heterogeneous biocatalyst where NADH is available for the immobilised enzymes but its lixiviation to the reaction bulk is avoided. Taking advantage of the autofluorescence of NADH, we demonstrate the activity of the enzyme towards the immobilised cofactor through single-particle analysis. Finally, we tested the operational stability in the asymmetric reduction of β-ketoesters in batch, succeeding in the reuse of both the enzyme and the co-immobilised cofactor up to 10 reaction cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro H Orrego
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP), CSIC Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Center for Molecular Biology Severo-Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Daniel Andrés-Sanz
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
| | - Mercedes Sanchez-Costa
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Center for Molecular Biology Severo-Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José Berenguer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Center for Molecular Biology Severo-Ochoa (UAM-CSIC) Nicolás Cabrera 1 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - José M Guisan
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP), CSIC Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martin
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP), CSIC Campus UAM, Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Paseo de Miramón 182 Donostia San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science María Díaz de Haro 3 48013 Bilbao Spain
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8
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Breaking Molecular Symmetry through Biocatalytic Reactions to Gain Access to Valuable Chiral Synthons. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review the recent reports of biocatalytic reactions applied to the desymmetrization of meso-compounds or symmetric prochiral molecules are summarized. The survey of literature from 2015 up to date reveals that lipases are still the most used enzymes for this goal, due to their large substrate tolerance, stability in different reaction conditions and commercial availability. However, a growing interest is focused on the use of other purified enzymes or microbial whole cells to expand the portfolio of exploitable reactions and the molecular diversity of substrates to be transformed. Biocatalyzed desymmetrization is nowadays recognized as a reliable and efficient approach for the preparation of pharmaceuticals or natural bioactive compounds and many processes have been scaled up for multigram preparative purposes, also in continuous-flow conditions.
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9
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Abstract
Enzymatic methods for the oxidation of alcohols are critically reviewed. Dehydrogenases and oxidases are the most prominent biocatalysts, enabling the selective oxidation of primary alcohols into aldehydes or acids. In the case of secondary alcohols, region and/or enantioselective oxidation is possible. In this contribution, we outline the current state-of-the-art and discuss current limitations and promising solutions.
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10
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Hu Z, Jia P, Bai Y, Fan TP, Zheng X, Cai Y. Characterisation of five alcohol dehydrogenases from Lactobacillus reuteri DSM20016. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Ménil S, Petit J, Courvoisier‐Dezord E, Debard A, Pellouin V, Reignier T, Sergent M, Deyris V, Duquesne K, Berardinis V, Alphand V. Tuning of the enzyme ratio in a neutral redox convergent cascade: A key approach for an efficient one‐pot/two‐step biocatalytic whole‐cell system. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:2852-2863. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidiky Ménil
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Jean‐Louis Petit
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
| | | | - Adrien Debard
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
| | - Virginie Pellouin
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
| | - Thomas Reignier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Michelle Sergent
- Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Avignon, CNRS, IRD, IMBE Marseille France
| | - Valérie Deyris
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Katia Duquesne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 Marseille France
| | - Véronique Berardinis
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRSUniversite Evry, Université Paris‐Saclay Evry France
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12
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Hanatani Y, Imura M, Taniguchi H, Okano K, Toya Y, Iwakiri R, Honda K. In vitro production of cysteine from glucose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8009-8019. [PMID: 31396682 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine is a commercially valuable amino acid with an increasing demand in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Although cysteine is conventionally manufactured by extraction from animal proteins, this method has several problems, such as troublesome waste-water treatment and incompatibility with some dietary restrictions. Fermentative production of cysteine from plant-derived substrates is a promising alternative for the industrial production of cysteine. However, it often suffers from low product yield as living organisms are equipped with various regulatory systems to control the intracellular cysteine concentration at a moderate level. In this study, we constructed an in vitro cysteine biosynthetic pathway by assembling 11 thermophilic enzymes. The in vitro pathway was designed to be insensitive to the feedback regulation by cysteine and to balance the intra-pathway consumption and regeneration of cofactors. A kinetic model for the in vitro pathway was built using rate equations of individual enzymes and used to optimize the loading ratio of each enzyme. Consequently, 10.5 mM cysteine could be produced from 20 mM glucose through the optimized pathway. However, the observed yield and production rate of the assay were considerably lower than those predicted by the model. Determination of cofactor concentrations in the reaction mixture indicated that the inconsistency between the model and experimental assay could be attributed to the depletion of ATP and ADP, likely due to host-derived, thermo-stable enzyme(s). Based on these observations, possible approaches to improve the feasibility of cysteine production through an in vitro pathway have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hanatani
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Imura
- Bio Science Research Center, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Ltd., Higashihama 1-6, Saiki, Oita, 876-8580, Japan
| | - Hironori Taniguchi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Okano
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-5, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Iwakiri
- Bio Science Research Center, Mitsubishi Corporation Life Sciences Ltd., Higashihama 1-6, Saiki, Oita, 876-8580, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Honda
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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13
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Li A, Yuchi Q, Li X, Pang W, Li B, Xue F, Zhang L. Discovery of a novel ortho-haloacetophenones-specific carbonyl reductase from Bacillus aryabhattai and insight into the molecular basis for its catalytic performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 138:781-790. [PMID: 31351953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To exploit robust biocatalysts for chiral 1-(2-halophenyl)ethanols synthesis, an ortho-haloacetophenones-specific carbonyl reductase (BaSDR1) gene from Bacillus aryabhattai was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The impressive properties regarding BaSDR1 application include preference for NADH as coenzyme, noticeable tolerance against high cosubstrate concentration, and remarkable catalytic performance over a broad pH range from 5.0 to 10.0. The optimal temperature was 35 °C, with a half-life of 3.1 h at 35 °C and 0.75 h at 45 °C, respectively. Notably, BaSDR1 displayed excellent catalytic performance toward various ortho-haloacetophenones, providing chiral 1-(2-halophenyl)ethanols with 99% ee for all the substrates tested. Most importantly, the docking results indicated that the enzyme-substrate interactions and the steric hindrance of halogen atoms act in a push-pull manner in regulating enzyme catalytic ability. These results provide valuable clues for the structure-function relationships of BaSDR1 and the role of halogen groups in catalytic performance, and offer important reference for protein engineering and mining of functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aipeng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, 518057 Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingxiao Yuchi
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Pang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Xue
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 224051 Yancheng, China.
| | - Lianbing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, China.
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14
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Co-immobilization of Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase and Glucose Dehydrogenase for the Efficient Production of (±)-Ethyl Mandelate. Catal Letters 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-019-02727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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Zhou Y, Peng Q, Zhang L, Cheng S, Zeng L, Dong F, Yang Z. Characterization of enzymes specifically producing chiral flavor compounds (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethanol from tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers. Food Chem 2018; 280:27-33. [PMID: 30642496 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
1-Phenylethanol is a chiral flavor compound that has enantiomers, (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethanol, with different flavor properties. Given that isolating these enantiomers from plants is low yielding and costly, enzymatic synthesis presents an alternative approach. However, the genes/enzymes that specifically produce (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethanol in plants are unknown. To identify these enzymes in tea (Camellia sinensis) flowers, 21 short chain dehydrogenase (SDR) genes were isolated from tea flowers, cloned, and functionally characterized. Several recombinant SDRs in Escherichia coli exhibited activity for converting acetophenone to (S)-1-phenylethanol (CsSPESs, >99.0%), while only one SDR produced (R)-1-phenylethanol (CsRPES, 98.6%). A pair of homologue enzymes (CsSPES and CsRPES) showed a strong preference for NADPH cofactor, with optimal enzymatic reaction conditions of 45-55 °C and pH 8.0. Identification of the tea flower-derived gene responsible for specific synthesis of (R)- and (S)-1-phenylethanolsuggests enzymatic synthesis of enantiopure 1-phenylethanol is possible using a plant-derived gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiyuan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Sihua Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Longdongbei Road 321, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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16
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Zhu J, Lu K, Xu X, Wang X, Shi J. Purification and characterization of a novel glutamate dehydrogenase from Geotrichum candidum with higher alcohol and amino acid activity. AMB Express 2017; 7:9. [PMID: 28050850 PMCID: PMC5209314 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Crude enzyme from Geotrichum candidum S12 exhibited high activity towards hexanol at pH 4.0, distinguishing it from currently known enzymes. To identify the dominant enzyme contributing to this activity, the crude enzyme extract was separated into different fractions by ammonium sulfate precipitation, MonoQ anion-exchange chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. Afraction with high activity towards hexanol at pH 4.0 was obtained, exhibiting 38-fold improved purity and a specific activity of 3802.7 U/mg. After electrophoretic analysis, the fraction showed a molecular weight of 223 kDa by Native-PAGE and 51.4 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The purified fraction was identified as a glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) by peptide mass fingerprinting data. This fraction showed high activity towards glutamate, α-ketoglutarate, hexanol, and isoamyl alcohol with a Km value of 41.74, 4.01, 20.37, and 19.37 mM, respectively, but with no activity towards methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and isobutanol. As a comparison, the GDH from yeast had no activity towards hexanol and other alcohols. Kinetic analysis revealed that glutamate and hexanol served as competitive inhibitors to each other for the purified GDH. The GDH showed the highest activity towards hexanol at pH 4.0 and 30 °C, and was the most stable at pH 2.2-7.0 and ≤40 °C. The presence of ADP, Fe2+, K+, and Zn2+ increased the enzymatic activity towards hexanol and EDTA, Pb2+, Mn2+, ATP, and DTT decreased the activity. These novel characteristics expand the reported properties of GDH and suggest the newly characterized GDH has unique potential for practical application.
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17
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Is literature data useful for identifying enzyme catalysts for new substrates? A case study on reduction of 1-aryl-2-alkanoates. Bioorg Chem 2017; 74:260-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Chen X, Cui Y, Cheng X, Feng J, Wu Q, Zhu D. Highly Atom Economic Synthesis of d-2-Aminobutyric Acid through an In Vitro Tri-enzymatic Catalytic System. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:534-540. [PMID: 28794949 PMCID: PMC5542762 DOI: 10.1002/open.201700093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
d-2-Aminobutyric acid is an unnatural amino acid serving as an important intermediate in pharmaceutical production. Developing a synthetic method that uses cheaper starting materials and produces less by-product is a pressing demand. A tri-enzymatic catalytic system, which is composed of l-threonine ammonia lyase (l-TAL), d-amino acid dehydrogenase (d-AADH), and formate dehydrogenase (FDH), has thus been developed for the synthesis of d-2-aminobutyric acid with high optical purity. In this cascade reaction, the readily available l-threonine serves as the starting material, carbon dioxide and water are the by-products. d-2-Aminobutyric acid was obtained with >90 % yield and >99 % enantioselective excess, even without adding external ammonia, demonstrating that the ammonia from the first reaction can serve as the amino donor for the reductive amination step. This multi-enzymatic system provides an attractive method with high atomic economy for the synthesis of d-α-amino acids from the corresponding l-α-amino acids, which are readily produced by fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Xinkuan Cheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P.R. China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes and Tianjin Engineering Center for Biocatalytic Technology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Tianjin 300308 P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P.R. China
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Solanki K, Abdallah W, Banta S. Extreme makeover: Engineering the activity of a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhD) from Pyrococcus furiosus. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1483-1497. [PMID: 27593979 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dehydrogenase D (AdhD) is a monomeric thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase from the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily of proteins. We have been exploring various strategies of engineering the activity of AdhD so that it could be employed in future biotechnology applications. Driven by insights made in other AKRs, we have made mutations in the cofactor-binding pocket of the enzyme and broadened its cofactor specificity. A pre-steady state kinetic analysis yielded new insights into the conformational behavior of this enzyme. The most active mutant enzyme concomitantly gained activity with a non-native cofactor, nicotinamide mononucleotide, NMN(H), and an enzymatic biofuel cell was demonstrated with this enzyme/cofactor pair. Substrate specificity was altered by grafting loop regions near the active site pocket from a mesostable human aldose reductase (hAR) onto the thermostable AdhD. These moves not only transferred the substrate specificity of hAR but also the cofactor specificity of hAR. We have added alpha-helical appendages to AdhD to enable it to self-assemble into a thermostable catalytic proteinaceous hydrogel. As our understanding of the structure/function relationship in AdhD and other AKRs advances, this ubiquitous protein scaffold could be engineered for a variety of catalytic activities that will be useful for many future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Solanki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Walaa Abdallah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott Banta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Lederer F, Vignaud C, North P, Bodevin S. Trifluorosubstrates as mechanistic probes for an FMN-dependent l-2-hydroxy acid-oxidizing enzyme. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1215-1221. [PMID: 27155230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A controversy exists with respect to the mechanism of l-2-hydroxy acid oxidation by members of a family of FMN-dependent enzymes. A so-called carbanion mechanism was initially proposed, in which the active site histidine abstracts the substrate α-hydrogen as a proton, followed by electron transfer from the carbanion to the flavin. But an alternative mechanism was not incompatible with some results, a mechanism in which the active site histidine instead picks up the substrate hydroxyl proton and a hydride transfer occurs. Even though more recent experiments ruling out such a mechanism were published (Rao & Lederer (1999) Protein Science 7, 1531-1537), a few authors have subsequently interpreted their results with variant enzymes in terms of a hydride transfer. In the present work, we analyse the reactivity of trifluorolactate, a substrate analogue, with the flavocytochrome b2 (Fcb2) flavodehydrogenase domain, compared to its reactivity with an NAD-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), for which this compound is known to be an inhibitor (Pogolotti & Rupley (1973) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, 55, 1214-1219). Indeed, electron attraction by the three fluorine atoms should make difficult the removal of the α-H as a hydride. We also analyse the reactivity of trifluoropyruvate with the FMN- and NAD-dependent enzymes. The results substantiate a different effect of the fluorine substituents on the two enzymes compared to their normal substrates. In the discussion we analyse the conclusions of recent papers advocating a hydride transfer mechanism for the family of l-2-hydroxy acid oxidizing FMN-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lederer
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS UMR 8000, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
| | - Caroline Vignaud
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Paul North
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Sabrina Bodevin
- Laboratoire d'Enzymologie, UPR 9063, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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21
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Li A, Ye L, Wu H, Yang X, Yu H. Characterization of an excellent anti-Prelog short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase EbSDR8 from Empedobacter brevis ZJUY-1401. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Putative carotenoid genes expressed under the regulation of Shine–Dalgarno regions in Escherichia coli for efficient lycopene production. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:2303-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1922-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Characterization of hydroxy fatty acid dehydrogenase involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid saturation metabolism in Lactobacillus plantarum AKU 1009a. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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25
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Chen R, Liu X, Wang J, Lin J, Wei D. Cloning, expression, and characterization of an anti-Prelog stereospecific carbonyl reductase from Gluconobacter oxydans DSM2343. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 70:18-27. [PMID: 25659628 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new anti-Prelog stereospecific carbonyl reductase (GoKR) from Gluconobacter oxydans DSM2343 was cloned and identified in Escherichia coli. This GoKR formed a homo-tetramer with a subunit size of approximately 27.0kDa. GoKR exhibited full activity with NADPH but not with NADH as a cofactor. The optimal pH and temperature were 9.0 and 30°C, respectively. GoKR reduced various ketones, including aliphatic and aromatic ketones, α- and β-keto esters. Aromatic ketones were reduced to (R)-enantiomers, whereas keto esters were reduced to (S)-hydroxy esters with different enantioselectivities. The data indicate that GoKR does not obey Prelog's rule and exhibits anti-Prelog enantiopreference. Enzyme-substrate-cofactor docking analysis showed that hydride transfer occurred at the si faces of carbonyl group for ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE), which was then selectively reduced to the chiral (S)-alcohol. Excellent enantioselectivities were obtained for reducing COBE and ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate into the corresponding (S)-type products. These products are important for synthesizing HMG-CoA reductase (statins) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Center for Biomedicine and Health, Division of Basical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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26
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Jaturapaktrarak C, Napathorn SC, Cheng M, Okano K, Ohtake H, Honda K. In vitro conversion of glycerol to lactate with thermophilic enzymes. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-014-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In vitro reconstitution of an artificial metabolic pathway has emerged as an alternative approach to conventional in vivo fermentation-based bioproduction. Particularly, employment of thermophilic and hyperthermophilic enzymes enables us a simple preparation of highly stable and selective biocatalytic modules and the construction of in vitro metabolic pathways with an excellent operational stability. In this study, we designed and constructed an artificial in vitro metabolic pathway consisting of nine (hyper)thermophilic enzymes and applied it to the conversion of glycerol to lactate. We also assessed the compatibility of the in vitro bioconversion system with methanol, which is a major impurity in crude glycerol released from biodiesel production processes.
Results
The in vitro artificial pathway was designed to balance the intrapathway consumption and regeneration of energy and redox cofactors. All enzymes involved in the in vitro pathway exhibited an acceptable level of stability at high temperature (60°C), and their stability was not markedly affected by the co-existing of up to 100 mM methanol. The one-pot conversion of glycerol to lactate through the in vitro pathway could be achieved in an almost stoichiometric manner, and 14.7 mM lactate could be produced in 7 h. Furthermore, the in vitro bioconversion system exerted almost identical performance in the presence of methanol.
Conclusions
Many thermophilic enzymes exhibit higher stability not only at high temperatures but also in the presence of denaturants such as detergents and organic solvents than their mesophilic counterparts. In this study, compatibilities of thermophilic enzymes with methanol were demonstrated, indicating the potential applicability of in vitro bioconversion systems with thermophilic enzymes in the conversion of crude glycerol to value-added chemicals.
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27
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Liu Y, Tang TX, Pei XQ, Zhang C, Wu ZL. Identification of ketone reductase ChKRED20 from the genome of Chryseobacterium sp. CA49 for highly efficient anti-Prelog reduction of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)acetophenone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Isolation and characterization of a thermotolerant ene reductase from Geobacillus sp. 30 and its heterologous expression in Rhodococcus opacus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5925-35. [PMID: 24927695 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rhodococcus opacus B-4 cells are adhesive to and even dispersible in water-immiscible hydrocarbons owing to their highly lipophilic nature. In this study, we focused on the high operational stability of thermophilic enzymes and applied them to a biocatalytic conversion in an organic reaction medium using R. opacus B-4 as a lipophilic capsule of enzymes to deliver them into the organic medium. A novel thermo- and organic-solvent-tolerant ene reductase, which can catalyze the enantioselective reduction of ketoisophorone to (6R)-levodione, was isolated from Geobacillus sp. 30, and the gene encoding the enzyme was heterologously expressed in R. opacus B-4. Another thermophilic enzyme which catalyzes NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenation of cyclohexanol was identified from the gene-expression library of Thermus thermophilus and the gene was coexpressed in R. opacus B-4 for cofactor regeneration. While the recombinant cells were not viable in the mixture due to high reaction temperature, 634 mM of (6R)-levodione could be produced with an enantiopurity of 89.2 % ee by directly mixing the wet cells of the recombinant R. opacus with a mixture of ketoisophorone and cyclohexanol at 50 °C. The conversion rate observed with the heat-killed recombinant cells was considerably higher than that obtained with a cell-free enzyme solution, demonstrating that the accessibility between the substrates and enzymes could be improved by employing R. opacus cells as a lipophilic enzyme capsule. These results imply that a combination of thermophilic enzymes and lipophilic cells can be a promising approach for the biocatalytic production of water-insoluble chemicals.
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Physicochemical characterization of a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63828. [PMID: 23755111 PMCID: PMC3673990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we characterize an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum (PyAeADHII). We have previously found that PyAeADHII has no activity when standard ADH substrates are used but is active when α-tetralone is used as substrate. Here, to gain insights into enzyme function, we screened several chemical libraries for enzymatic modulators using an assay employing α-tetralone. The results indicate that PyAeADHII activity in the presence of α-tetralone was inhibited by compounds such as flunarizine. We also examined metal coordination of the enzyme in solution by performing metal substitution of the enzyme-bound zinc (Zn2+) with cobalt. The solution-based absorption spectra for cobalt substituted PyAeADHII supports substitution at the structural Zn2+ site. To gain structural insight, we obtained the crystal structure of both wild-type and cobalt-substituted PyAeADHII at 1.75 Å and 2.20 Å resolution, respectively. The X-ray data confirmed one metal ion per monomer present only at the structural site with otherwise close conservation to other ADH enzymes. We next determined the co-crystal structure of the NADPH-bound form of the enzyme at 2.35 Å resolution to help define the active site region of the enzyme and this data shows close structural conservation with horse ADH, despite the lack of a catalytic Zn2+ ion in PyAeADHII. Modeling of α-tetralone into the NADPH bound structure suggests an arginine as a possible catalytic residue. The data presented here can yield a better understanding of alcohol dehydrogenases lacking the catalytic zinc as well as the structural features inherent to thermostable enzymes.
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Synthesis of Cinnamyl Alcohol from Cinnamaldehyde with Bacillus stearothermophilus Alcohol Dehydrogenase as the Isolated Enzyme and in Recombinant E. coli Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1482-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Hibino A, Ohtake H. Use of hydrophobic bacterium Rhodococcus rhodochrous NBRC15564 expressed thermophilic alcohol dehydrogenases as whole-cell catalyst in solvent-free organic media. Process Biochem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Effect of organic solvents on the activity and stability of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2) from Haloferax volcanii. Extremophiles 2012. [PMID: 23179592 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of various organic solvents on the catalytic activity, stability and substrate specificity of alchohol dehydrogenase from Haloferax volcanii (HvADH2) was evaluated. The HvADH2 showed remarkable stability and catalysed the reaction in aqueous-organic medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (MeOH). Tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile were also investigated and adversely affected the stability of the enzyme. High concentration of salt, essential to maintain the enzymatic activity and structural integrity of the halophilic enzyme under standard conditions may be partially replaced by DMSO and MeOH. The presence of organic solvents did not induce gross changes in substrate specificity. DMSO offered a protective effect for the stability of the enzyme at nonoptimal pHs such as 6 and 10. Salt and solvent effects on the HvADH2 conformation and folding were examined through fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence findings were consistent with the activity and stability results and corroborated the denaturing properties of some solvents. The intrinsic tolerance of this enzyme to organic solvent makes it highly attractive to industry.
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Zhou S, Zhang SC, Lai DY, Zhang SL, Chen ZM. Biocatalytic characterization of a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase with broad substrate specificity from thermophilic Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans. Biotechnol Lett 2012; 35:359-65. [PMID: 23160740 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-012-1082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding a novel short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase in the thermophilic bacterium, Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans, was identified and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The enzyme was thermally stable and displayed the highest activity at 70 °C and pH 6.0. It preferred NAD(H) over NADP(H) as a cofactor and exhibited broad substrate specificity towards aliphatic ketones, cycloalkanones, aromatic ketones, and ketoesters. Furthermore, ethyl benzoylformate was asymmetrically reduced by the purified enzyme, using an additional coupled NADH regeneration system, with 95 % conversion and in an enantiomeric excess of (99.9 %). The results of this study may lead to the discovery of a novel method for asymmetric reduction of alcohols, which is an important tool in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhou
- Lab of Biocatalysis, Hangzhou Normal University, 402-Building D, 1378 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
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Biocatalytic ketone reduction: A green and efficient access to enantiopure alcohols. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1279-88. [PMID: 22079798 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Pennacchio A, Sannino V, Sorrentino G, Rossi M, Raia CA, Esposito L. Biochemical and structural characterization of recombinant short-chain NAD(H)-dependent dehydrogenase/reductase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius highly enantioselective on diaryl diketone benzil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:3949-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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36
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Zhu J, Shi J, Pan Z. Purification and characterization of a hexanol-degrading enzyme extracted from apple. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:3246-3252. [PMID: 22332825 DOI: 10.1021/jf204548r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An enzyme having activity toward n-hexanol was purified from apple, and its biochemical characteristics were analyzed. The purification steps consisted of sedimentation with ammonium sulfate, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 column. The obtained enzyme had a yield of 16.00% with a specific activity of 18879.20 U/mg protein and overall purification of 142.77-fold. The enzyme showed activity to isoamylol, 1-propanol, n-hexanol, and isobutanol but not toward methanol and ethanol. With n-hexanol as a substrate, the optimum conditions were pH 4.0 and 30 °C for enzyme activity and pH 3.0-4.0 and temperatures below 40 °C for enzyme stability. The enzyme activity was increased significantly by adding l-cysteine and Fe(2+) at all tested concentrations and slightly by Zn(2+) at a high concentration but decreased by additions of EDTA, Ga(2+), K(+), Mg(2+), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium aluminum sulfate (SAS), dithiothreitol (DTT), and glutathione (GSH). The enzyme activities toward n-hexanol and n-hexanal were increased by NADH but decreased by NAD(+), in contrast to a decrease toward n-hexane by addition of both NAD(+) and NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, 712100, China
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Rocha-Martín J, Vega D, Bolivar JM, Hidalgo A, Berenguer J, Guisán JM, López-Gallego F. Characterization and further stabilization of a new anti-prelog specific alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 for asymmetric reduction of carbonyl compounds. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 103:343-350. [PMID: 22055107 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The use of dehydrogenases in asymmetric chemistry has exponentially grown in the last decades facilitated by the genome mining. Here, a new short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 has been expressed, purified, characterized and stabilized by immobilization on solid supports. The enzyme catalyzes both oxidative and reductive reactions at neutral pH with a broad range of substrates. Its highest activity was found towards the reduction of 2,2',2″-trifluoroacetophenone (85 U/mg at 65 °C and pH 7). Moreover, the enzyme was stabilized more than 200-fold by multipoint covalent immobilization on agarose matrixes via glyoxyl chemistry. Such heterogeneous catalyst coupled to an immobilized cofactor recycling partner performed the quantitative asymmetric reduction of 2,2',2″-trifluoroacetophenone and rac-2-phenylpropanal to (S)-(+)-α-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol and (R)-2-phenyl-1-propanol with enantiomeric excesses of 96% and 71%, respectively. To our knowledge this is the first alcohol dehydrogenase from a thermophilic source with anti-Prelog selectivity for aryl ketones and that preferentially produces R-profens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rocha-Martín
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica-CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Rocha-Martín J, Vega D, Bolivar JM, Godoy CA, Hidalgo A, Berenguer J, Guisán JM, López-Gallego F. New biotechnological perspectives of a NADH oxidase variant from Thermus thermophilus HB27 as NAD+-recycling enzyme. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:101. [PMID: 22053761 PMCID: PMC3238333 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The number of biotransformations that use nicotinamide recycling systems is exponentially growing. For this reason one of the current challenges in biocatalysis is to develop and optimize more simple and efficient cofactor recycling systems. One promising approach to regenerate NAD+ pools is the use of NADH-oxidases that reduce oxygen to hydrogen peroxide while oxidizing NADH to NAD+. This class of enzymes may be applied to asymmetric reduction of prochiral substrates in order to obtain enantiopure compounds. Results The NADH-oxidase (NOX) presented here is a flavoenzyme which needs exogenous FAD or FMN to reach its maximum velocity. Interestingly, this enzyme is 6-fold hyperactivated by incubation at high temperatures (80°C) under limiting concentrations of flavin cofactor, a change that remains stable even at low temperatures (37°C). The hyperactivated form presented a high specific activity (37.5 U/mg) at low temperatures despite isolation from a thermophile source. Immobilization of NOX onto agarose activated with glyoxyl groups yielded the most stable enzyme preparation (6-fold more stable than the hyperactivated soluble enzyme). The immobilized derivative was able to be reactivated under physiological conditions after inactivation by high solvent concentrations. The inactivation/reactivation cycle could be repeated at least three times, recovering full NOX activity in all cases after the reactivation step. This immobilized catalyst is presented as a recycling partner for a thermophile alcohol dehydrogenase in order to perform the kinetic resolution secondary alcohols. Conclusion We have designed, developed and characterized a heterogeneous and robust biocatalyst which has been used as recycling partner in the kinetic resolution of rac-1-phenylethanol. The high stability along with its capability to be reactivated makes this biocatalyst highly re-useable for cofactor recycling in redox biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rocha-Martín
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.
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Characterization of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH12) from Haloarcula marismortui, an extreme halophile from the Dead Sea. Extremophiles 2011; 16:57-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-011-0405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Nagar M, Narmandakh A, Khalak Y, Bearne SL. Redefining the Minimal Substrate Tolerance of Mandelate Racemase. Racemization of Trifluorolactate. Biochemistry 2011; 50:8846-52. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201188j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Ariun Narmandakh
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Yuriy Khalak
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Stephen L. Bearne
- Department of Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Masud U, Matsushita K, Theeragool G. Molecular cloning and characterization of two inducible NAD⁺-adh genes encoding NAD⁺-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases from Acetobacter pasteurianus SKU1108. J Biosci Bioeng 2011; 112:422-31. [PMID: 21843965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytosolic NAD⁺-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (NAD⁺-ADHs) are induced in the quinoprotein ADH-(PQQ-ADH) defective Acetobacter pasteurianus SKU1108 mutant during growth in an ethanol medium. The adhI and adhII genes, which encode NAD⁺-ADH I and ADH II, respectively, of this strain have been cloned and characterized. Sequence analyses have revealed that the adhI gene consists of 1029 bp coding for 342 amino acids, which share 99.71% identity with the same protein from A. pasteurianus IFO 3283. Conversely, the adhII gene is composed of 762 bp encoding for a polypeptide of 253 amino acids, which exhibit 99.60% identity with the A. pasteurianus IFO 3283 protein. ADH I is a member of the group I Zn-dependent long-chain ADHs, while the ADH II belongs to the group II short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase NAD⁺-ADHs. The NAD⁺-adh gene disruptants exhibited a growth reduction when grown in an ethanol medium. In Escherichia coli, ethanol induced adhI and adhII promoter activities by approximately 1.5 and 2.0 times, respectively, and the promoter activity of the adhII gene exceeded that of the adhI gene by approximately 3.5 times. The possible promoter regions of the adhI and adhII genes are located at approximately 81-105 bp and 74-92 bp, respectively, from their respective ATG start codons. Their repressor regions might be located in proximity to these promoters and may repress gene expression in the wild-type, where the membrane-bound ADH effectively functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uraiwan Masud
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetic Engineering, The Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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Pace V, Cabrera ÁC, Ferrario V, Sinisterra JV, Ebert C, Gardossi L, Braiuca P, Alcántara AR. Structural bases for understanding the stereoselectivity in ketone reductions with ADH from Thermus thermophilus: A quantitative model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Pennacchio A, Giordano A, Rossi M, Raia CA. Asymmetric Reduction of α-Keto Esters with Thermus thermophilus NADH-Dependent Carbonyl Reductase using Glucose Dehydrogenase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase for Cofactor Regeneration. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lin WD, Chen CY, Chen HC, Hsu WH. Enantioselective synthesis of (S)-phenylephrine by whole cells of recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the amino alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Rhodococcus erythropolis BCRC 10909. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vitale A, Rosso F, Barbarisi A, Labella T, D'Auria S. Properties and evolution of an alcohol dehydrogenase from the Crenarchaeota Pyrobaculum aerophilum. Gene 2010; 461:26-31. [PMID: 20406673 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding a novel alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) that belongs to the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) superfamily was identified in the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrobaculum aerophilum. The P. aerophilum ADH gene (Pae2687) was over-expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein (PyAeADHII) was purified to homogeneity and characterized. The PyAeADHII belongs to a medium chain class because its monomer size is 330 residues and even if it is structurally similar to other enzymes belonging to MDR superfamily, it lacks key residues involved in the coordination of the catalytic Zn ion and in the binding of alcoholic substrates typical of other ADHs. Consistently, PyAeADHII does not show activity on a large number of alcohols, aldheydes or ketones. It is active only when alpha-tetralone is used as a substrate. The enzyme has a strict requirement for NADP(H) as the coenzyme and has remarkable thermophilicity, displaying activity at temperatures up to 95 degrees C. The study of the metabolic pathways of P. aerophilum can provide information on the evolution of genes and enzymes and may be crucial for understanding the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
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Biochemical characterization of a recombinant short-chain NAD(H)-dependent dehydrogenase/reductase from Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Extremophiles 2010; 14:193-204. [PMID: 20049620 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding a novel alcohol dehydrogenase that belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) superfamily was identified in the aerobic thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius strain DSM 639. The saadh gene was heterologously overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein (SaADH) was purified to homogeneity and characterized. SaADH is a tetrameric enzyme consisting of identical 28,978-Da subunits, each composed of 264 amino acids. The enzyme has remarkable thermophilicity and thermal stability, displaying activity at temperatures up to 75 degrees C and a 30-min half-inactivation temperature of ~90 degrees C, and shows good tolerance to common organic solvents. SaADH has a strict requirement for NAD(H) as the coenzyme, and displays a preference for the reduction of alicyclic, bicyclic and aromatic ketones and alpha-keto esters, but is poorly active on aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic alcohols, and shows no activity on aldehydes. The enzyme catalyses the reduction of alpha-methyl and alpha-ethyl benzoylformate, and methyl o-chlorobenzoylformate with 100% conversion to methyl (S)-mandelate [17% enantiomeric excess (ee)], ethyl (R)-mandelate (50% ee), and methyl (R)-o-chloromandelate (72% ee), respectively, with an efficient in situ NADH-recycling system which involves glucose and a thermophilic glucose dehydrogenase. This study provides further evidence supporting the critical role of the D37 residue in discriminating NAD(H) from NAD(P)H in members of the SDR superfamily.
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Rocha-Martin J, Vega DE, Cabrera Z, Bolivar JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Berenguer J, Guisan JM. Purification, immobilization and stabilization of a highly enantioselective alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 cloned in E. coli. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Liu X, Dong Y, Zhang J, Zhang A, Wang L, Feng L. Two novel metal-independent long-chain alkyl alcohol dehydrogenases from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2009; 155:2078-2085. [PMID: 19383697 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.027201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two alkyl alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes from the long-chain alkane-degrading strain Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 were characterized in vitro. ADH1 and ADH2 were prepared heterologously in Escherichia coli as a homooctameric and a homodimeric protein, respectively. Both ADHs can oxidize a broad range of alkyl alcohols up to at least C(30), as well as 1,3-propanediol and acetaldehyde. ADH1 also oxidizes glycerol, and ADH2 oxidizes isopropyl alcohol, isoamylol, acetone, octanal and decanal. The best substrate is ethanol for ADH1 and 1-octanol for ADH2. For both ADHs, the optimum assay condition is at 60 degrees C and pH 8.0, and both NAD and NADP can be used as the cofactor. Sequence analysis reveals that ADH1 and ADH2 belong to the Fe-containing/activated long-chain ADHs. However, the two enzymes contain neither Fe nor other metals, and Fe is not required for the activity, suggesting a new type of ADH. The ADHs characterized here are potentially useful in crude oil bioremediation and other bioconversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Liu
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Dong
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Aixiang Zhang
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, PR China.,The Engineering and Research Center for Microbial Functional Genomics and Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, PR China.,Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lu Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, PR China.,The Engineering and Research Center for Microbial Functional Genomics and Detection Technology, Ministry of Education, PR China.,Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochip, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin 300457, PR China.,TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, PR China
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