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Faria AM, Araújo ICS, Ferreira LL, Bastos TSA, Figueira SV, de Souza Almeida AM, Andrade MA, Linhares GFC. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and detection of virulence genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from white-lipped peccaries and collared peccaries. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:2035-2041. [PMID: 38713279 PMCID: PMC11153414 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli are implicated in human and animal infections and require antimicrobial treatment in many situations. Faecal samples of healthy white-lipped peccaries (Pecari tajacu) (n = 30) and collared peccaries (Tayassu pecari ) (n = 60) obtained in three farms located in the Midwest Brazil. The antimicrobial profiles of commensal E. coli from P. tajacu and T. pecari from commercial herds in Brazil were isolated and analyzed and virulence genes were detected. Among 90 healthy animals, no Salmonella spp. were isolated. However, 30 samples (27%) tested positive for E. coli, with 18 isolates from P. tajacu and 12 from T. pecari, representing frequencies of 58.0% and 38.7%, respectively. Additionally, other Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria were detected but not included in this analysis. However, individual samples from 30 animals tested positive for E. coli, of which 16 were isolated from P. tajacu presenting multidrug resistance and six were isolated from T. pecari presenting a similar pattern. The E. coli virulence genes detected were papC (pilus-associated pyelonephritis) in five isolates, tsh (temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin) in one isolate, and eae (enteric attachment and effacement) in one isolate. The serum resistance gene, iss (increased serum survival), was detected in four isolates. An association between these genes and the presence of hemolysin was also observed in one isolate. Thus, T. pecari and P. tajacu are potential reservoirs of pathogenic and multidrug-resistant and E. coli. Faecal E. coli of healthy P. tajacu and T. pecari could act as a possible reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marques Faria
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Itallo Conrado Sousa Araújo
- Department of Animal Science, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lorena Lopes Ferreira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal deMinas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Samantha Verdi Figueira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Souza Almeida
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Andrade
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Karami M, Goudarztalejerdi A, Mohammadzadeh A, Berizi E. In vitro evaluation of two novel Escherichia bacteriophages against multiple drug resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:497. [PMID: 38755537 PMCID: PMC11100137 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09402-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, there has been a growing interest in phage therapy as an effective therapeutic tool against colibacillosis caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) which resulted from the increasing number of multidrug resistant (MDR) APEC strains. METHODS In the present study, we reported the characterization of a new lytic bacteriophage (Escherichia phage AG- MK-2022. Basu) isolated from poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. In addition, the in vitro bacteriolytic activity of the newly isolated phage (Escherichia phage AG- MK-2022. Basu) and the Escherichia phage VaT-2019a isolate PE17 (GenBank: MK353636.1) were assessed against MDR- APEC strains (n = 100) isolated from broiler chickens with clinical signs of colibacillosis. RESULTS Escherichia phage AG- MK-2022. Basu belongs to the Myoviridae family and exhibits a broad host range. Furthermore, the phage showed stability under a wide range of temperatures, pH values and different concentrations of NaCl. Genome analysis of the Escherichia phage AG- MK-2022. Basu revealed that the phage possesses no antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and any E. coli virulence associated genes. In vitro bacterial challenge tests demonstrated that two phages, the Escherichia phage VaT-2019a isolate PE17 and the Escherichia phage AG- MK-2022. Basu exhibited high bactericidal activity against APEC strains and lysed 95% of the tested APEC strains. CONCLUSIONS The current study findings indicate that both phages could be suggested as safe biocontrol agents and alternatives to antibiotics for controlling MDR-APEC strains isolated from broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Karami
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517658978, Iran
| | - Ali Goudarztalejerdi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517658978, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, 6517658978, Iran
| | - Enayat Berizi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Ribeiro LF, Nespolo NM, Rossi GAM, Fairbrother JM. Exploring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Foods. Pathogens 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38668301 PMCID: PMC11054374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials serve as crucial treatments in both veterinary and human medicine, aiding in the control and prevention of infectious diseases. However, their misuse or overuse has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, posing a significant threat to public health. This review focuses on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in animals and their associated food products, which contribute to the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Recent research has highlighted the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in animals and animal-derived foods, with some studies indicating genetic similarities between these isolates and those found in human infections. This underscores the urgent need to address antimicrobial resistance as a pressing public health issue. More comprehensive studies are required to understand the evolving landscape of ESBLs and to develop strategic public health policies grounded in the One Health approach, aiming to control and mitigate their prevalence effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa Freitas Ribeiro
- Mário Palmério University Center (UniFucamp), Av. Brasil Oeste, s/n, Jardim Zenith, Monte Carmelo 38500-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil;
| | - Natália Maramarque Nespolo
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luís, s/n—Monjolinho, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha 29102-920, Espírito Santo State, Brazil;
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Priyanka P, Meena PR, Raj D, Rana A, Dhanokar A, Duggirala KS, Singh AP. Urinary tract infection and sepsis causing potential of multidrug-resistant Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli isolated from plant-origin foods. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 386:110048. [PMID: 36502688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dissemination of Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in food is a critical concern for human health and food safety. The present study is the first to systematically examine the diverse plant-origin foods such as cucumber, carrot, tomato, radish, chilli, fenugreek, coriander, peppermint, spring onion, cabbage, and spinach for the presence of ExPEC or specific putative ExPEC pathotypes with an in-depth assessment of their phylogenetics, virulence, and drug resistance. A total of 77 (15.9 %) ExPEC isolates were recovered from 1780 samples of the diverse plant-origin foods of distinct environments. Specific putative ExPEC pathotypes such as Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC, 23.3 %) and Septicemia-associated E. coli (SEPEC, 24.6 %) were identified among ExPEC isolates. The Clermont revisited new phylotyping method revealed the varied distribution (1-27 %) of specific putative ExPEC pathotypes in the different phylogenetic lineages such as A, D/E, B1, and Clade 1, etc. All putative ExPEC pathotypes possess multiple genes (4.3-92.8 %) or phenotypes (3.3-100 %) associated with their virulence. In-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of all putative ExPEC pathotypes demonstrated the presence of 100 % multidrug resistance with moderate to high (52-100 %) resistance to drugs used as last-resorts (chloramphenicol, colistin) or frontline (nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, gentamicin) in ExPEC-associated infections in humans. Overall, the present findings significantly contribute to our better understanding of the presence of ExPEC in the non-clinical niche, such as plant-origin foods with a possible consequence on human health and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Priyanka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prem Raj Meena
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Dharma Raj
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Rana
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Haryana, India
| | - Akshay Dhanokar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - K Siddaardha Duggirala
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Arvind Pratap Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India.
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5
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Feng A, Akter S, Leigh SA, Wang H, Pharr GT, Evans J, Branton SL, Landinez MP, Pace L, Wan XF. Genomic diversity, pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from poultry in the southern United States. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:15. [PMID: 36647025 PMCID: PMC9841705 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) are typically present as commensal bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract of most animals including poultry species, but some avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains can cause localized and even systematic infections in domestic poultry. Emergence and re-emergence of antimicrobial resistant isolates (AMR) constrain antibiotics usage in poultry production, and development of an effective vaccination program remains one of the primary options in E. coli disease prevention and control for domestic poultry. Thus, understanding genetic and pathogenic diversity of the enzootic E. coli isolates, particularly APEC, in poultry farms is the key to designing an optimal vaccine candidate and to developing an effective vaccination program. This study explored the genomic and pathogenic diversity among E. coli isolates in southern United States poultry. A total of nine isolates were recovered from sick broilers from Mississippi, and one from Georgia, with epidemiological variations among clinical signs, type of housing, and bird age. The genomes of these isolates were sequenced by using both Illumina short-reads and Oxford Nanopore long-reads, and our comparative analyses suggested data from both platforms were highly consistent. The 16 s rRNA based phylogenetic analyses showed that the 10 bacteria strains are genetically closer to each other than those in the public database. However, whole genome analyses showed that these 10 isolates encoded a diverse set of reported virulence and AMR genes, belonging to at least nine O:H serotypes, and are genetically clustered with at least five different groups of E. coli isolates reported by other states in the United States. Despite the small sample size, this study suggested that there was a large extent of genomic and serological diversity among E. coli isolates in southern United States poultry. A large-scale comprehensive study is needed to understand the overall genomic diversity and the associated virulence, and such a study will be important to develop a broadly protective E. coli vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Feng
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA ,grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA ,grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Sadia Akter
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA ,grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA ,grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Spencer A. Leigh
- Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.260120.70000 0001 0816 8287Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - G. Todd Pharr
- grid.260120.70000 0001 0816 8287Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Jeff Evans
- Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Scott L. Branton
- Poultry Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Mississippi State, MS USA
| | - Martha Pulido Landinez
- grid.260120.70000 0001 0816 8287Poultry Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS USA
| | - Lanny Pace
- grid.260120.70000 0001 0816 8287Mississippi Veterinary Research and Diagnostic Laboratory System, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Pearl, MS USA
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA ,grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA ,grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA
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6
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Mak PHW, Rehman MA, Kiarie EG, Topp E, Diarra MS. Production systems and important antimicrobial resistant-pathogenic bacteria in poultry: a review. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:148. [PMID: 36514172 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Economic losses and market constraints caused by bacterial diseases such as colibacillosis due to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli and necrotic enteritis due to Clostridium perfringens remain major problems for poultry producers, despite substantial efforts in prevention and control. Antibiotics have been used not only for the treatment and prevention of such diseases, but also for growth promotion. Consequently, these practices have been linked to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistant bacteria which constitute a significant global threat to humans, animals, and the environment. To break down the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), poultry producers are restricting the antimicrobial use (AMU) while adopting the antibiotic-free (ABF) and organic production practices to satisfy consumers' demands. However, it is not well understood how ABF and organic poultry production practices influence AMR profiles in the poultry gut microbiome. Various Gram-negative (Salmonella enterica serovars, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, E. coli) and Gram-positive (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and C. perfringens) bacteria harboring multiple AMR determinants have been reported in poultry including organically- and ABF-raised chickens. In this review, we discussed major poultry production systems (conventional, ABF and organic) and their impacts on AMR in some potential pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria which could allow identifying issues and opportunities to develop efficient and safe production practices in controlling pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip H W Mak
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.,Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Center, AAFC, London, ON, Canada
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON, Canada.
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7
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Alfifi A, Christensen JP, Hounmanou YMG, Sandberg M, Dalsgaard A. Characterization of Escherichia coli and other bacteria isolated from condemned broilers at a Danish abattoir. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020586. [PMID: 36439808 PMCID: PMC9686377 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat inspection is important to ensure food safety and protect public health. Visual inspection of slaughtered carcasses for pathological changes should be supported by bacteriological analysis to determine whether the entire carcass or parts of it should be condemned. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial species present in different sample types from condemned broiler carcasses. Furthermore, we investigated the genetic characteristics, zoonotic potential, and relatedness of Escherichia coli, the predominant bacterial species isolated from the carcasses. A total of 400 broiler carcasses condemned because of cellulitis (100), scratches (100), hepatitis (100), and healthy control carcasses (100) were selected. Samples of meat, pathological lesion, and bone marrow of each carcass were obtained for microbial analysis. From the analyzed samples, 469 bacterial isolates were recovered with E. coli accounting for 45.8%, followed by Aeromonas spp. (27.9%), in particular A. veronii. The highest rate of bacterial isolation was observed in carcasses condemned with cellulitis, whereas carcasses with hepatitis had the lowest rate of bacterial isolation. Forty-four E. coli isolates originating from different sample types were selected for whole genome sequencing. A clonal relationship was shown between E. coli from different sample types of the same carcass condemned with cellulitis and scratches. A major clade of E. coli was found in carcasses condemned with cellulitis with isolates containing mdf(A), tet(A), and bla TEM-1B genes that confer resistance to macrolides, tetracycline, and ampicillin, respectively. E. coli in this clade all belonged to ST117 and clustered with E. coli isolates previously collected from dead chickens and carcasses condemned due to cellulitis in Denmark, Finland, and the United Kingdom. Bacterial evaluation results of carcasses condemned with cellulitis, scratches (moderate to severe skin lesion), and acute hepatitis confirmed the need for total condemnation of carcasses with these pathological findings. A similar evaluation should be done for carcasses affected with chronic hepatitis, and minor scratches lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alfifi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jens P. Christensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Yaovi Mahuton Gildas Hounmanou
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marianne Sandberg
- National Food Institute, Danish Technical University, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Dalsgaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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8
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Murase T, Ozaki H. Relationship between Phylogenetic Groups of Escherichia coli and Pathogenicity Among Isolates from Chickens with Colibacillosis and Healthy Chickens. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102007. [PMID: 35839553 PMCID: PMC9289869 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is closely related to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli, which are frequently assigned to specific phylogenetic groups (phylogroups). Therefore, we investigated the association between phylogroups of E. coli isolates and those recovered from commercial broiler and layer chickens with colibacillosis. We used 104 E. coli isolates from chickens with colibacillosis (hereafter referred to as “colibacillosis-related isolates”), 56 E. coli isolates obtained from fecal samples of clinically healthy broiler chickens, and 58 isolates obtained from environmental samples of layer chicken housing facilities where clinically healthy layer chickens were reared (hereafter referred to as “healthy chicken-related isolates”). The prevalence of phylogroup F among colibacillosis-related isolates was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that among healthy chicken-related isolates, while phylogroups A and B1 were more frequently distributed in healthy chicken-related isolates. Fifty-seven (87%) of 65 colibacillosis-related isolates belonging to phylogroup F were defined as APEC based on the presence of virulence-associated genes according to a previously established criterion. In contrast, none of the healthy chicken-related isolates were defined as APEC. As evidenced by the chicken embryo lethality assay, 87 of the 92 healthy chicken-related isolates tested had embryo lethality rates of <30% and were considered avirulent, whereas 59 of the 104 colibacillosis-related isolates were considered virulent. Nonetheless, among isolates exhibiting embryo lethality rates of <30%, the mean lethality rate of embryos inoculated with colibacillosis-related isolates was significantly higher than that of embryos inoculated with healthy chicken-related isolates. These observations suggest that phylogroup F predicts colibacillosis among E. coli strains with virulence-associated genes.
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Arbab S, Ullah H, Wang W, Zhang J. Antimicrobial drug resistance against Escherichia coli and its harmful effect on animal health. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:1780-1786. [PMID: 35608149 PMCID: PMC9297802 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is imperilling the worth of antibiotic infection, which has become an emerging problem, which previously transformed the veterinary sciences. Since its discovery, many antibiotics have been effective in treating bacterial infections in animals. Escherichia coli, a bacterium, is one of the reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes in a community. The current use of antibiotics and demographic factors usually increase multidrug resistance. Genetically, the continuous adoption of environmental changes by E. coli allows it to acquire many multidrug resistance. During the host's life, antimicrobial resistance rarely poses a threat to the E. coli strain and pressure, similar to that of a flexible animal lower intestine. In this review, we describe the E. coli antibiotic drug–resistance mechanism driving transmission, the causes of transmission and the harmful effects on animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Arbab
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Liu E, Sun M, He C, Mao K, Li Q, Zhang J, Wu D, Wang S, Zheng C, Li W, Gong S, Xue F, Wu H. Rumen Microbial Metabolic Responses of Dairy Cows to the Honeycomb Flavonoids Supplement Under Heat-Stress Conditions. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:845911. [PMID: 35372554 PMCID: PMC8964602 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.845911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids played critical roles in stabilizing microbial homoeostasis when animals suffered exoteric stresses. However, whether flavonoids attenuated heat stress of dairy cows is still not clear. Therefore, in the present article, flavonoids extracted from honeycomb were supplemented to investigate the production, digestibility, and rumen microbial metabolism responses of cows under heat stress conditions. A total of 600 multiparous dairy herds were randomly allotted into the control treatment (CON), the heat stress (HS) treatment, and the honeycomb flavonoids supplement under heat stress conditions (HF) treatment for a 30-day-long trial. Each treatment contains 4 replicates, with 50 cows in each replicate. Production performances including dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk quality were measured on the basis of replicate. Furthermore, two cows of each replicate were selected for the measurement of the nutrient digestibility, the ruminal fermentable parameters including ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia-N, and the rumen microbial communities and metabolism. Results showed that HF effectively increased DMI, milk yield, milk fat, and ruminal acetate content (p < 0.05) compared with HS. Likewise, digestibility of NDF was promoted after HF supplement compared with HS. Furthermore, relative abundances of rumen microbial diversities especially Succiniclasticum, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Acetitomaculum, Streptococcus, and Succinivibrio, which mainly participated in energy metabolism, significantly improved after HF supplement. Metabolomic investigation showed that HF supplement significantly upregulated relative content of lipometabolic-related metabolites such as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, while it downregulated biogenic amines. In summary, HF supplement helps proliferate microbial abundances, which further promoted fiber digestibility and energy provision, and ultimately enhances the production performances of dairy cows under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Liu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengxue Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenxin He
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang Mao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Li
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deyong Wu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanxia Zheng
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shimin Gong
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Fuguang Xue
| | - Huadong Wu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Huadong Wu
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Rehman MA, Rempel H, Carrillo CD, Ziebell K, Allen K, Manges AR, Topp E, Diarra MS. Virulence Genotype and Phenotype of Multiple Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Broilers Assessed from a "One-Health" Perspective. J Food Prot 2022; 85:336-354. [PMID: 34762732 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) include several serotypes that have been associated with colibacillosis in poultry and with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and newborn meningitis in humans. In this study, 57 antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from apparently healthy broiler chickens were characterized for their health and safety risks. These isolates belonged to 12 serotypes, and isolates of the same serotype were clonal based on single nucleotide variant analysis. Most of the isolates harbored plasmids; IncC and IncFIA were frequently detected. The majority of the resistant isolates harbored plasmid-mediated resistance genes, including aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCMY-2, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), in agreement with their resistant phenotypes. The class 1 integron was detected in all E. coli serotypes except O124:H25 and O7:H6. Of the 57 broiler E. coli isolates, 27 were avian pathogenic, among which 18 were also uropathogenic E. coli and the remainder were other ExPEC. The two isolates of serotype O161:H4 (ST117) were genetically related to the control avian pathogenic strains and a clinical isolate associated with UTIs. A strain of serotype O159:H45 (ST101) also was closely related to a UTI isolate. The detected virulence factors included adhesins, invasins, siderophores, type III secretion systems, and toxins in combination with other virulence determinants. A broiler isolate of serotype O7:H18 (ST38) carried the ibeA gene encoding a protein involved in invasion of brain endothelium on a 102-kbp genetic island. This isolate moderately adhered and invaded Caco-2 cells and induced mortality (42.5%) in a day-old-chick infection model. The results of this study suggest that multiple antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates recovered from apparent healthy broilers can be pathogenic and act as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes, highlighting the necessity of their assessment in a "One-Heath" context. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Heidi Rempel
- Agassiz Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A2
| | - Catherine D Carrillo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1Y 4K7
| | - Kim Ziebell
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 3W4
| | - Kevin Allen
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | - Amee R Manges
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3.,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 4R4
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
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12
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Subirats J, Murray R, Yin X, Zhang T, Topp E. Impact of chicken litter pre-application treatment on the abundance, field persistence, and transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes to vegetables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149718. [PMID: 34425441 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of manures prior to land application can potentially reduce the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and thus the risk of contaminating crops or water resources. In this study, raw and composted chicken litter were applied to field plots that were cropped to carrots, lettuce and radishes. Vegetables were washed per normal culinary practice before downstream analysis. The impact of composting on manure microbial composition, persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in soil following application, and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria on washed vegetables were determined. A subset of samples that were thought likely to reveal the most significant effects were chosen for shotgun sequencing. The absolute abundance of all target genes detected by qPCR decreased after composting except sul1, intI1, incW and erm(F) that remained stable. The shotgun sequencing revealed that some integron integrases were enriched by composting. Composting significantly reduced the abundance of enteric bacteria, including those carrying antibiotic resistance. Manure-amended soil showed significantly higher abundances of sul1, str(A), str(B), erm(B), aad(A), intI1 and incW compared to unmanured soil. At harvest, those genes that were detected in soil samples before the application of manure (intI1, sul1, strA and strB) were quantifiable by qPCR on vegetables, with a larger number of gene targets detected on the radishes than in the carrots or lettuce. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing suggested that the increase of antibiotic resistance genes on radishes produced in soil receiving raw manure may be due to changes to soil microbial communities following manure application, rather than transfer to the radishes of enteric bacteria. Overall, under field conditions there was limited evidence for transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from composted or raw manure to vegetables that then persisted through washing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Subirats
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Murray
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaole Yin
- Environmental Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Lab, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Goudarztalejerdi A, Mohammadzadeh A, Niazi K, Mohammad Mirzaei M. High Prevalence of Multidrug Resistance and Biofilm-Formation Ability Among Avian Escherichia coli Isolated from Broilers in Iran. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 28:244-254. [PMID: 34756121 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2021.0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern and biofilm-formation ability in 100 Avian-Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolated from colibacillosis-suspected broilers and 100 Avian Fecal E. coli (AFEC) isolates from healthy broilers in Hamedan, Iran. All isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for antimicrobial resistance genes, class 1 and 2 integrons, and biofilm-associated genes. Besides, we assessed the possible relationship between biofilm-formation ability antibiotic resistance patterns, genetic background, and the pathogenicity of APEC strains. 81% of APEC and 73% of AFEC isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype; in addition, 45% of the APEC and 21% of the AFEC strains showed biofilm-formation ability. This is the first report of the biofilm formation ability in E. coli isolated from broilers in Iran. The most prevalent antibiotic resistance gene in APEC strains was tetA (68%), followed by sul1 (63%), dfrA1-like (51%), and blaTEM (30%), whereas in AFEC strains, the frequencies of the antibiotic resistance genes were tetA (63%), sul1 (58%), dfrA1-like (49%), and blaTEM (22%). Out of 81 MDR APEC isolates, 53 (65.4%) and 38 (46.91%) isolates were positive for intI1 and intI2 genes, respectively. In the AFEC strains intI1 and intI2 genes were presented in 57 and 33 isolates, respectively. All APEC isolates belonging to phylogenetic groups B1, B2, and C were MDR. The results of the present study indicate that isolates with biofilm-forming ability show more MDR properties and probably have more pathogenicity to broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Goudarztalejerdi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Khalid Niazi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Mohammad Mirzaei
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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14
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He C, Wu H, Lv Y, You H, Zha L, Li Q, Huang Y, Tian J, Chen Q, Shen Y, Xiong S, Xue F. Gastrointestinal Development and Microbiota Responses of Geese to Honeycomb Flavonoids Supplementation. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:739237. [PMID: 34733903 PMCID: PMC8558617 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.739237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Geese are conventionally considered to be herbivorous, which could also be raised with concentrate feeding diets without green grass because of the similar gastrointestinal tract with other poultry. However, the geese gut microbiota profiles and their interactions with epithelial cells are still of limited study. Flavonoids were well-documented to shape gut microbiota and promote epithelial barrier functions individually or cooperatively with other metabolites. Therefore, in the present study, honeycomb flavonoids (HF) were supplemented to investigate the effects on growth performances, intestinal development, and gut microbiome of geese. Material and Methods: A total of 400 1-day-old male lion-head geese with similar birth weight (82.6 ± 1.4 g) were randomly divided into five treatments: the control treatment (CON) and the HF supplementation treatments, HF was supplemented arithmetically to increase from 0.25 to 1%. Growth performance, carcass performances, and intestines' development parameters were measured to determine the optimum supplement. Junction proteins including ZO-1 and ZO-2 and cecal microbiota were investigated to demonstrate the regulatory effects of HF on both microbiota and intestinal epithelium. Results: Results showed that 0.5% of HF supplement had superior growth performance, carcass performance, and the total parameters of gastrointestinal development to other treatments. Further research showed that tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and ZO-2 significantly up-regulated, while Firmicutes and some probiotics including Clostridiales, Streptococcus, Lachnoclostridium, and Bifidobacterium, remarkably proliferated after HF supplement. In conclusion, HF supplement in concentrate-diet feeding geese effectively increased the growth performances by regulating the gut microbiota to increase the probiotic abundance to promote the nutrient digestibility and fortify the epithelial development and barrier functions to facilitate the nutrient absorption and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin He
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huadong Wu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaning Lv
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongnan You
- School of Foreign Language, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liqing Zha
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Li
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yani Huang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinghong Tian
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiuchun Chen
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shiyuan Xiong
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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15
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Badr H, Nabil NM, Tawakol MM. Effects of the prebiotic lactoferrin on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli infections in broiler chickens. Vet World 2021; 14:2197-2205. [PMID: 34566339 PMCID: PMC8448632 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2197-2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Increased multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli has created challenges for the poultry industry. Consequently, new antimicrobial agents should preferentially be utilized for the prevention and treatment of E. coli outbreaks. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lactoferrin (LF) as a prebiotic on broiler chicks challenged with multidrug-resistant E. coli in comparison with antibiotics. Materials and Methods A total of 70 diseased flocks from Egypt were collected for E. coli isolation and identification, serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern determination. E. coli was isolated and characterized phenotypically and one isolate that showed multidrug-resistance was selected. A challenge trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of LF as a prebiotic on the isolated multidrug-resistant E. coli. Liver samples were collected from the experimental chicks and subjected to E. coli enumeration to illustrate the effectiveness of LF on the liver cells and bacteria using an electron microscope. Serum samples were also collected to estimate lysozyme and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. Results After isolation of E. coli with a percentage of 54.3% from the diseased broilers, the strain was serotyped (identified serotypes: O2, O18, O55, O78, O86a, O111, O125, O126, O127, O157, O159, and O166). Multi-antibiotic resistance was found to be harbored in a high percentage among 11 antibiotic discs. The LF in the prophylactic and treated groups was found to have a significant effect in comparison with the group treated with the drug of choice (ciprofloxacin). Furthermore, a significant difference in the NO (one of non-specific immune response) and a non-significant difference in lysozyme concentrations were reported in the group fed on rations with LF in comparison with the non-fed group. Conclusion LF was thus identified as an effective prebiotic that can improve chick performance, help them to overcome multidrug-resistant E. coli and stimulate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Badr
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Maram M Tawakol
- Department of Bacteriology, Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
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16
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Xue F, Wan G, Xiao Y, Chen C, Qu M, Xu L. Growth performances, gastrointestinal epithelium and bacteria responses of Yellow-feathered chickens to kudzu-leaf flavonoids supplement. AMB Express 2021; 11:125. [PMID: 34480270 PMCID: PMC8417201 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics with Kudzu-leaf flavonoids (KLF) on the growth performances, gut epithelial development, and gastrointestinal bacteria diversities of Yellow-feathered broilers. For this purpose, total of 216 1-day-old male Yellow-feathered chickens with the similar birth weight (31.0 ± 1.0 g) were randomly divided into 3 treatments: the control treatment (CON), the kudzu-leaf flavonoids supplement treatment (KLF), and the antibiotics supplement treatment (AGP). All birds were provided with a 56 d-feeding procedure, followed by the measurement of production performances, immune organs, blood anti-oxidant parameters, intestine epithelium development, and cecal microbiota. Results showed the feed conversion ratio significantly decreased after KLF supplement compared with CON (P < 0.05). KLF supplement partly promoted the anti-oxidant capacity on account of the increased activity of Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the decrease content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Further, as referred to the gastrointestinal development and bacteria, ratio of villus/crypt significantly increased of ileum in KLF treatment (P < 0.05) while a significant promition of bacterial diversity and partial representative probiotic bacteria (P < 0.05) after KLF supplementation. Moreover, correlation analysis indicated that probitics including Bifidobacterium, Butyricimonas, Lactobacillus and Streptococcus positively correlated with production performances. In conclusion, KLF supplement may promote feed efficiency and benefit the gastrointestinal health through improving gut bacterial diversity and probiotic bacteria. The KLF might be applied as a proper antibiotic alternative.
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17
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Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Namdarpour H, Abdollahi A, Amanlou H, Patra AK, Shahir MH, Aliyari D, Vazirigohar M. Nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites, and production performance of peripartal ewes fed dietary plant extract and monensin. Small Rumin Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2021.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Yang C, Rehman MA, Yin X, Carrillo CD, Wang QI, Yang C, Gong J, Diarra MS. Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes and Genotypes of Escherichia coli Isolates from Broiler Chickens Fed Encapsulated Cinnamaldehyde and Citral. J Food Prot 2021; 84:1385-1399. [PMID: 33770170 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in-feed encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (CIN) and citral (CIT) alone or in combination on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes and genotypes of Escherichia coli isolates recovered from feces of 6-, 16-, 23-, and 27-day-old broiler chickens. The five dietary treatments including the basal diet (negative control [NC]) and the basal diet supplemented with 55 ppm of bacitracin (BAC), 100 ppm of encapsulated CIN, 100 ppm of encapsulated CIT, or 100 ppm each of encapsulated CIN and encapsulated CIT (CIN+CIT). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 240 E. coli isolates revealed that the most common resistance was to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and tetracycline; however, the prevalence of AMR decreased (P < 0.05) as birds aged. The prevalence of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, gentamicin, and sulfonamide was lower (P < 0.05) in isolates from the CIN or CIN+CIT groups than in isolates from the NC or BAC groups. Whole genome sequencing of 227 of the 240 isolates revealed 26 AMR genes and 19 plasmids, but the prevalence of some AMR genes and the number of plasmids were lower (P < 0.05) in E. coli isolated from CIN or CIN+CIT birds than in isolates from NC or BAC birds. The most prevalent resistance genes were tet(A) (108 isolates), aac(3)-VIa (91 isolates), aadA1 (86 isolates), blaCMY-2 (78 isolates), sul1 (77 isolates), aph(3)-Ib (58 isolates), aph(6)-Id (58 isolates), and sul2 (24 isolates). The numbers of most virulence genes carried by isolates increased (P < 0.05) in chickens from 6 to 27 days of age. The prevalence of E. coli O21:H16 isolates was lower (P < 0.05) in CIN and CIN+CIT, and the colibacillosis-associated multilocus sequence type (ST117) was most prevalent in isolates from 23-day-old chickens. A phylogenetic tree of whole genome sequences revealed a close relationship between 25 of the 227 isolates and human or broiler extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains. These findings indicate that AMR and virulence genotypes of E. coli could be modulated by providing encapsulated CIN or CIN+CIT feed supplements, but further investigation is needed to determine the mechanisms of the effects of these supplements. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2.,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Xianhua Yin
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Catherine D Carrillo
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa Laboratory (Carling), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Z2
| | - Q I Wang
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
| | - Joshua Gong
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
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19
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Meena PR, Yadav P, Hemlata H, Tejavath KK, Singh AP. Poultry-origin extraintestinal Escherichia coli strains carrying the traits associated with urinary tract infection, sepsis, meningitis and avian colibacillosis in India. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:2087-2101. [PMID: 33095966 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM In-depth 'One Health' risk assessment of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains carrying the traits of urinary tract infection, sepsis, meningitis and avian colibacillosis in poultry of India. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 230 E. coli isolates were recovered from chicken samples representing the different sources (faeces vs caeca), stages (poultry farms vs retails butcher shop) or environments (rural vs urban) of poultry in India. Among all poultry-origin E. coli isolates, 49 (21·1%) strains were identified as ExPEC possessing multiple virulence determinants regardless of their association with any specific phylogenetic lineages. Of particular, potentially virulent ExPEC pathotypes, that is, uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC, 20·4%), avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC, 34·6%), septicaemia-associated E. coli (SEPEC, 47·0%) and neonatal meningitis-causing E.39 coli (NMEC, 2·0%) were also detected among all ExPEC strains. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to assess ExPEC strains circulating in the different settings of poultry in India and significantly demonstrates their potential ability to cause multiple extraintestinal infections both in humans and animals. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The data of our study are in favour of the possibility that poultry-origin putative virulent ExPEC pathotypes consequently constitute a threat risk to 'One Health' or for food safety and a great concern for poultry production of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Meena
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - P Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - H Hemlata
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - K K Tejavath
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - A P Singh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
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20
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Xue F, Shi L, Li Y, Ni A, Ma H, Sun Y, Chen J. Effects of replacing dietary Aureomycin with a combination of plant essential oils on production performance and gastrointestinal health of broilers. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4521-4529. [PMID: 32867996 PMCID: PMC7598001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of replacing antibiotics with a combination of plant essential oils on the growth performances and gastrointestinal health of broilers. A total of 720 1-day-old male AA broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatments: the control treatment (CON), the Aureomycin supplementation treatment (AGP), and the combined plant oils supplementation treatment (POC), with a 42-D period feeding procedure. Growth performances, carcass performances, intestinal sections, and cecal microbiota were investigated. Results indicated that POC supplementation decreased the feed conversion ratio compared with CON and AGP treatments, though not significantly. No significant differences were found for feed intake, BW gain, and culling rate among the 3 treatments (P > 0.05). In addition, no significant differences were seen on carcass performance. For the aspects of intestinal section, POC supplementation did not make significant effects on intestinal wall thickness, villus heights, crypt depths, and the ratio of villus heights/crypt depths compared with CON and AGP treatments. Cecal microbiota results demonstrated that bacterial diversity and some representative probiotic bacteria were significantly increased in numbers (P < 0.05) after POC supplementation. In conclusion, the combination of essential oils promoted intestinal health through improving gut bacterial diversity and probiotic bacteria, as well as improving feed conversion ratio of broilers. These results indicated that the combination of essential oils may benefit the gastrointestinal health and be applied as an antibiotic alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuguang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunlei Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aixin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jilan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Bakhshi M, Zandi H, Bafghi MF, Astani A, Ranjbar VR, Vakili M. A survey for phylogenetic relationship; presence of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance patterns of avian pathogenic and uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and humans in Yazd, Iran. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Calaça KL, Cervi RC, Reis SA, Nunes IA, Jayme VDS, Andrade MA. Occurrence of Escherichia coli in captive psittaciformes: antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v21e-60433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Captive Psittaciformes may harbor Gram-negative bacteria in their digestive tract, mainly due to poor hygienic conditions and confinement. The present study was carried out with the objective of isolating and identifying Escherichia coli in samples collected from Psittaciformes cages in 50 commercial establishments in the metropolitan region of Goiania, with subsequent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and detection of virulence genes. A total of 141 samples of excreta and swab samples from feeders and water bowls were collected, totaling 423 samples. Escherichia coli was isolated from 9.7% (41/423) samples: 12% (17/141) in excreta, 8.5% (12/141) in feed, and 8.5% (12 /141) in waterers. To determine the susceptibility profile of E. coli isolates, resistance to ciprofloxacin 4.9% (2/41), gentamicin 17.0% (7/41), doxycycline 34.1% (14/41), florfenicol 34.1% (14/41), trimethoprim 39.0% (16/41), tetracycline 41.5% (17/41), enrofloxacin 43.9% (18/41), amoxicillin 48.8% (20/41), neomycin 61.0% (25/41), and sulfonamide 90.2% (37/41) was determined. In 20 isolates, resistance was determined at 4 or more antimicrobials, seven of excreta (7/17), five of feed (5/12), and eight of waterers (8/12). One of the isolates from the waterers showed resistance to all antimicrobials. The iss gene was detected in three isolates, the tsh gene in three, the papC gene in two, traT and eae genes were not detected. In this study, it can be concluded that Psittaciformes commercialized as pet are carry E. coli isolates resistant to most commonly used antimicrobials, mainly sulfonamides and neomycin, besides having virulence and serum resistance genes, which highlights the possibility of the to cause disease in humans.
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Kaushik M, Kumar S, Kapoor RK, Gulati P. Integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in water-borne pathogens: threat detection and risk assessment. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:679-692. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kaushik
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Rajeev Kr. Kapoor
- Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
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Roth N, Käsbohrer A, Mayrhofer S, Zitz U, Hofacre C, Domig KJ. The application of antibiotics in broiler production and the resulting antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: A global overview. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1791-1804. [PMID: 30544256 PMCID: PMC6414035 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance is a global concern for human and animal health. Resistant microorganisms can spread between food-producing animals and humans. The objective of this review was to identify the type and amount of antibiotics used in poultry production and the level of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from broilers. Isolate information was obtained from national monitoring programs and research studies conducted in large poultry-producing regions: US, China, Brazil, and countries of EU-Poland, United Kingdom, Germany, France, and Spain. The survey results clearly display the absence of a harmonized approach in the monitoring of antibiotics per animal species and the evaluation of resistances using the same methodology. There is no public long-term quantitative data available targeting the amount of antibiotics used in poultry, with the exception of France. Data on antibiotic-resistant E. coli are available for most regions but detection of resistance and number of isolates in each study differs among regions; therefore, statistical evaluation was not possible. Data from France indicate that the decreased use of tetracyclines leads to a reduction in the detected resistance rates. The fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, and polymyxins ("highest priority critically important" antibiotics for human medicine according to WHO) are approved for use in large poultry-producing regions, with the exception of fluoroquinolones in the US and cephalosporins in the EU. The approval of cephalosporins in China could not be evaluated. Tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and penicillins are registered for use in poultry in all evaluated countries. The average resistance rates in E. coli to representatives of these antibiotic classes are higher than 40% in all countries, with the exception of ampicillin in the US. The resistance rates to fluoroquinolones and quinolones in the US, where fluoroquinolones are not registered for use, are below 5%, while the average of resistant E. coli is above 40% in Brazil, China, and EU, where use of fluoroquinolones is legalized. However, banning of fluoroquinolones and quinolones has not totally eliminated the occurrence of resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Roth
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- BIOMIN Holding GmbH, 3131 Getzersdorf, Austria
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigrid Mayrhofer
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Zitz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles Hofacre
- Poultry Diagnostics and Research Center, University of Georgia, 30602 Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Konrad J Domig
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, BOKU—University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Yousfi K, Touati A, Lefebvre B, Garneau P, Brahmi S, Gharout-Sait A, Harel J, Bekal S. Characterization of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospitals effluents: first report of a bla OXA-48-like in Klebsiella oxytoca, Algeria. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 50:175-183. [PMID: 30637660 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-018-0010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The antibiotic susceptibility profile and antimicrobial resistance determinants were characterized on Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) isolated from Algerian hospital effluents. Among the 94 isolates, Enterobacteriaceae was the predominant family, with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most isolated species. In non-Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Aeromonas were the predominant species followed by Pseudomonas, Comamonas, Pasteurella, and Shewanella spp. The majority of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carried different antimicrobial resistance genes including blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, qnrB, qnrS, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), dfrA1, aac(3)-IIc (aacC2), aac(6')-1b, sul1, and sul2. The qacEΔ1-sul1 and intI2 signatures of class 1 and class 2 integrons, respectively, were also detected. Microarray hybridization on MDR E. coli revealed additional resistance genes (aadA1 and aph3strA, tet30, mphA, dfrA12, blacmy2, blaROB1, and cmlA1) and classified the tested strains as commensals, thus highlighting the potential role of humans in antibiotic resistance dissemination. This study is the first report of blaOXA-48-like in Klebsiella oxytoca in Algeria and blaOXA-23 in A. baumannii in Algerian hospital effluents. The presence of these bacteria and resistance genes in hospital effluents represents a serious public health concern since they can be disseminated in the environment and can colonize other hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadidja Yousfi
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Béjaia, 06000, Béjaia, Algeria.,Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Béjaia, 06000, Béjaia, Algeria
| | - Brigitte Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Philippe Garneau
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Soumia Brahmi
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Béjaia, 06000, Béjaia, Algeria
| | - Alima Gharout-Sait
- Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne, FSNV, Université de Béjaia, 06000, Béjaia, Algeria
| | - Josée Harel
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Sadjia Bekal
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3R5, Canada. .,Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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26
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Ramírez-Castillo FY, Moreno-Flores AC, Avelar-González FJ, Márquez-Díaz F, Harel J, Guerrero-Barrera AL. An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:34. [PMID: 30041652 PMCID: PMC6057003 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are one of the main bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). The rates of UPEC with high resistance towards antibiotics and multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased dramatically in recent years and could difficult the treatment. METHODS The aim of the study was to determine multidrug-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance profile, virulence traits, and genetic background of 110 E. coli isolated from community (79 isolates) and hospital-acquired (31 isolates) urinary tract infections. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes presence was also investigated. A subset of 18 isolates with a quinolone-resistance phenotype was examined for common virulence genes encoded in diarrheagenic and extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli by a specific E. coli microarray. RESULTS Female children were the group most affected by UTIs, which were mainly community-acquired. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, and ampicillin-sulbactam was most prevalent. A frequent occurrence of resistance toward ciprofloxacin (47.3%), levofloxacin (43.6%) and cephalosporins (27.6%) was observed. In addition, 63% of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Almost all the fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant strains showed MDR-phenotype. Isolates from male patients were associated to FQ-resistant and MDR-phenotype. Moreover, hospital-acquired infections were correlated to third generation cephalosporin and nitrofurantoin resistance and the presence of kpsMTII gene. Overall, fimH (71.8%) and fyuA (68.2%), had the highest prevalence as virulence genes among isolates. However, the profile of virulence genes displayed a great diversity, which included the presence of genes related to diarrheagenic E. coli. Out of 110 isolates, 25 isolates (22.7%) were positive to qnrA, 23 (20.9%) to qnrB, 7 (6.4%) to qnrS1, 7 (6.4%) to aac(6')lb-cr, 5 (4.5%) to qnrD, and 1 (0.9%) to qnrC genes. A total of 12.7% of the isolates harbored blaCTX-M genes, with blaCTX-M-15 being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS Urinary tract infection due to E. coli may be difficult to treat empirically due to high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Continuous surveillance of multidrug resistant organisms and patterns of drug resistance are needed in order to prevent treatment failure and reduce selective pressure. These findings may help choosing more suitable treatments of UTI patients in this region of Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Col. Cd. Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Adriana C. Moreno-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Col. Cd. Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar-González
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Col. Cd. Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Francisco Márquez-Díaz
- Departamento de Infectología, Centenario Hospital Miguel Hidalgo, Galeana Sur 495, Obraje, 20000 Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Josée Harel
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Centre de Recherche en Infectologíe Porcine et Aviaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200, rue Sicott, Saint-Hyacinthe, Montreal, QC J2S 2M2 Canada
| | - Alma L. Guerrero-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Col. Cd. Universitaria, 20131 Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Xu WY, Li YJ, Fan C. Different loci and mRNA copy number of the increased serum survival gene of Escherichia coli. Can J Microbiol 2017; 64:147-154. [PMID: 29220592 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased serum survival gene (iss) has been identified as a virulence trait associated with the virulence of Escherichia coli, causing colibacillosis in poultry. However, it remains unclear as to whether iss mRNA copy number and sequence affect virulence. To examine these influences, we assessed the presence of iss, sequence analysis, iss mRNA copy number, and serum resistance. The iss gene was detected in 88 (all) E. coli isolates from different sources, and sequencing identified 16 alleles (32 different loci) and 10 amino acid sequences (10 different loci). Nested polymerase chain reaction improved iss detection. The isolates from sick chickens had >68% livability in serum resistance tests and higher iss mRNA copy number. The iss mRNA copy number highly correlated with mortality and E. coli livability. Student's t tests confirmed the relationship between the different loci to iss transcription, serum resistance, and virulence. These data suggest that iss mRNA copy number and different loci affect the virulence and serum resistance. These findings could be useful in further studies on the prevalence of iss among E. coli isolates and other virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Ye Xu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Jing Li
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Fan
- b Agricultural College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, People's Republic of China
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28
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Rehman MA, Yin X, Lepp D, Laing C, Ziebell K, Talbot G, Topp E, Diarra MS. Genomic Analysis of Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistant Escherichia coli from Dairy Cow Manure. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4040057. [PMID: 29149094 PMCID: PMC5753637 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) conferring resistance to new derivatives of β-lactams is a major public health threat if present in pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this study was to characterize ceftiofur (TIO)- or cefotaxime (FOX)-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow manure. Twenty-four manure samples were collected from four farms and incubated under anaerobic conditions for 20 weeks at 4 °C or at 25 °C. A total of 37 TIO- or FOX-resistant E. coli were isolated from two of the four farms to determine their susceptibility to 14 antibiotics. Among the 37 resistant E. coli, 10 different serotypes were identified, with O8:H1 being the predominant serotype (n = 17). Five isolates belonged to each of serotypes O9:NM and O153:H42, respectively. All 37 cephalosporin resistant isolates were multi-resistant with the most prevalent resistance spectrum being amoxicillin-clavulanic acid-ampicillin-cefoxitin-ceftiofur-ceftriaxone-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-sulfisoxazole-tetracycline-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The genomes of 18 selected isolates were then sequenced and compared to 14 selected human pathogenic E. coli reference genomes obtained from public repositories using different bioinformatics approaches. As expected, all 18 sequenced isolates carried at least one β-lactamase bla gene: TEM-1, TEM-81, CTX-M115, CTX-M15, OXA-1, or CMY-2. Several other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence determinants were detected in the sequenced isolates and all of them harbored antimicrobial resistance plasmids belonging to classic Inc groups. Our results confirm the presence of diverse ESBL producing E. coli isolates in dairy cow manure stored for a short period of time. Such manure might constitute a reservoir of resistance and virulence genes for other bacteria that share the same environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Attiq Rehman
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Xianhua Yin
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Chad Laing
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 3Z4, Canada.
| | - Kim Ziebell
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 3W4, Canada.
| | - Guylaine Talbot
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada.
| | - Moussa Sory Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
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Gambero ML, Blarasin M, Bettera S, Giuliano Albo J. Genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from surface water and groundwater in a rural environment. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2017; 15:757-765. [PMID: 29040078 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The genetic characteristics among Escherichia coli strains can be grouped by origin of isolation. Then, it is possible to use the genotypes as a tool to determine the source of water contamination. The aim of this study was to define water aptitude for human consumption in a rural basin and to assess the diversity of E. coli water populations. Thus, it was possible to identify the main sources of fecal contamination and to explore linkages with the hydrogeological environment and land uses. The bacteriological analysis showed that more than 50% of samples were unfit for human consumption. DNA fingerprinting analysis by BOX-PCR indicated low genotypic diversity of E. coli isolates taken from surface water and groundwater. The results suggested the presence of a dominant source of fecal contamination. The relationship between low genotypic diversity and land use would prove that water contamination comes from livestock. The genetic diversity of E. coli isolated from surface water was less than that identified in groundwater because of the different hydraulic features of both environments. Furthermore, each one of the two big strain groups identified in this basin is located in different sub-basins, showing that hydrological dynamics exerts selective pressure on bacteria DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Gambero
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Section Microbiology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Monica Blarasin
- Laboratory Hydrogeology, Section Geology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Bettera
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Section Microbiology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina E-mail:
| | - Jesica Giuliano Albo
- Laboratory Hydrogeology, Section Geology, National University of Río Cuarto, Ruta Nac. 36 - Km. 601, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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Liu H, Chen L, Si W, Wang C, Zhu F, Li G, Liu S. Physiology and pathogenicity of cpdB deleted mutant of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Res Vet Sci 2016; 111:21-25. [PMID: 28266315 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Avian colibacillosis is one of the most common infectious diseases caused partially or entirely by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in birds. In addition to spontaneous infection, APEC can also cause secondary infections that result in greater severity of illness and greater losses to the poultry industry. In order to assess the role of 2', 3'-cyclic phosphodiesterase (cpdB) in APEC on disease physiology and pathogenicity, an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli-34 (APEC-34) cpdB mutant was obtained using the Red system. The cpdB mutant grew at a slower rate than the natural strain APEC-34. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the bacteria of the cpdB mutant were significantly longer than the bacteria observed in the natural strain (P<0.01), and that the width of the cpdB mutant was significantly smaller than its natural counterpart (P<0.01). In order to evaluate the role of cpdB in APEC in the colonization of internal organs (lung, liver and spleen) in poultry, seven-day-old SPF chicks were infected with 109CFU/chick of the cpdB mutant or the natural strain. No colonizations of cpdB mutants were observed in the internal organs 10days following the infection, though numerous natural strains were observed at 20days following infection. Additionally, the relative expression of division protein ftsZ, outer membrane protein A ompA, ferric uptake regulator fur and tryptophanase tnaA genes in the mutant strain were all significantly lower than in the natural strain (P<0.05 or P<0.01). These results suggested that cpdB is involved in the long-term colonization of APEC in the internal organs of the test subjects. The deletion of the cpdB gene also significantly affected the APEC growth and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Disease of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China; Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Liping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Disease of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Si
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Disease of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Disease of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China
| | - Fangna Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangxing Li
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Disease of Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, China.
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Mirzaei-Alamouti H, Moradi S, Shahalizadeh Z, Razavian M, Amanlou H, Harkinezhad T, Jafari-Anarkooli I, Deiner C, Aschenbach JR. Both monensin and plant extract alter ruminal fermentation in sheep but only monensin affects the expression of genes involved in acid-base transport of the ruminal epithelium. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Simmons K, Islam MR, Rempel H, Block G, Topp E, Diarra MS. Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia fergusonii Isolated from Broiler Chickens. J Food Prot 2016; 79:929-38. [PMID: 27296596 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia fergusonii isolated from commercial broiler chicken farms. A total of 245 isolates from cloacal and cecal samples of 28- to 36-day-old chickens were collected from 32 farms. Isolates were identified using PCR, and their susceptibility to 16 antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion assay. All isolates were susceptible to meropenem, amikacin, and ciprofloxacin. The most common resistances were against ampicillin (75.1%), streptomycin (62.9%), and tetracycline (57.1%). Of the 184 ampicillin-resistant isolates, 127 were investigated using a DNA microarray carrying 75 probes for antibiotic resistance genetic determinants. Of these 127 isolates, the β-lactamase blaCMY2, blaTEM, blaACT, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M-15 genes were detected in 120 (94.5%), 31 (24.4%), 8 (6.3%), 6 (4.7%), and 4 (3.2%) isolates, respectively. Other detected genes included those conferring resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, strA, strB), trimethoprims (dfrV, dfrA1), tetracyclines (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE), and sulfonamides (sul1, sul2). Class 1 integron was found in 35 (27.6%) of the ampicillin-resistant isolates. However, our data showed that the tested E. fergusonii did not carry any carbapenemase blaOXA genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the selected ampicillin-resistant E. fergusonii isolates were genetically diverse. The present study indicates that the monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria should include enteric bacteria such as E. fergusonii, which could be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. The detection of isolates harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes, particularly blaCTX-M-15, in this work suggests that further investigations on the occurrence of such genes in broilers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Simmons
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
| | - M Rashedul Islam
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9
| | - Heidi Rempel
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
| | - Glenn Block
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
| | - Edward Topp
- London Research and Development Centre, AAFC, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3
| | - Moussa S Diarra
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, AAFC, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5C9.
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Adamu Ahmad K, Sabo Mohammed A, Abas F. Chitosan Nanoparticles as Carriers for the Delivery of ΦKAZ14 Bacteriophage for Oral Biological Control of Colibacillosis in Chickens. Molecules 2016; 21:256. [PMID: 26985885 PMCID: PMC6273744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of chitosan as a delivery carrier has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NP) and chitosan-ΦKAZ14 bacteriophage-loaded nanoparticles (C-ΦKAZ14 NP) were prepared by a simple coercavation method and characterized. The objective was to achieve an effective protection of bacteriophage from gastric acids and enzymes in the chicken gastrointestinal tract. The average particle sizes for CS-NP and C-ΦKAZ14 NP were 188 ± 7.4 and 176 ± 3.2 nm, respectively. The zeta potentials for CS-NP and C-ΦKAZ14 NP were 50 and 60 mV, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of C-ΦKAZ14 NP gave an onset temperature of -17.17 °C with a peak at 17.32 °C and final end set of 17.41 °C, while blank chitosan NP had an onset of -20.00 °C with a peak at -19.78 °C and final end set at -20.47. FT-IR spectroscopy data of both CS-NP and C-ΦKAZ14 NP were the same. Chitosan nanoparticles showed considerable protection of ΦKAZ14 bacteriophage against degradation by enzymes as evidenced in gel electrophoresis, whereby ΦKAZ14 bacteriophage encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles were protected whereas the naked ΦKAZ14 bacteriophage were degraded. C-ΦKAZ14 NP was non-toxic as shown by a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) toxicity assay. It was concluded that chitosan nanoparticles could be a potent carrier of ΦKAZ14 bacteriophage for oral therapy against colibacillosis in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikabo Adamu Ahmad
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Bacteriology Research Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, P.M.B 01, Vom 930103, Nigeria.
| | - AbdulKarim Sabo Mohammed
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Farida Abas
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43300, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Antibiotic Resistance in Animal and Environmental Samples Associated with Small-Scale Poultry Farming in Northwestern Ecuador. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00021-15. [PMID: 27303705 PMCID: PMC4863614 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00021-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In developing countries, small-scale poultry farming employing antibiotics as growth promoters is being advanced as an inexpensive source of protein and income. Here, we present the results of a large ecoepidemiological study examining patterns of antibiotic resistance (AR) in E. coli isolates from small-scale poultry production environments versus domestic environments in rural Ecuador, where such backyard poultry operations have become established over the past decade. Our previous research in the region suggests that introduction of AR bacteria through travel and commerce may be an important source of AR in villages of this region. This report extends the prior analysis by examining small-scale production chicken farming as a potential source of resistant strains. Our results suggest that AR strains associated with poultry production likely originate from sources outside the study area and that these outside sources might be a better place to target control efforts than local management practices. The effects of animal agriculture on the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) are cross-cutting and thus require a multidisciplinary perspective. Here we use ecological, epidemiological, and ethnographic methods to examine populations of Escherichia coli circulating in the production poultry farming environment versus the domestic environment in rural Ecuador, where small-scale poultry production employing nontherapeutic antibiotics is increasingly common. We sampled 262 “production birds” (commercially raised broiler chickens and laying hens) and 455 “household birds” (raised for domestic use) and household and coop environmental samples from 17 villages between 2010 and 2013. We analyzed data on zones of inhibition from Kirby-Bauer tests, rather than established clinical breakpoints for AR, to distinguish between populations of organisms. We saw significantly higher levels of AR in bacteria from production versus household birds; resistance to either amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalothin, cefotaxime, and gentamicin was found in 52.8% of production bird isolates and 16% of household ones. A strain jointly resistant to the 4 drugs was exclusive to a subset of isolates from production birds (7.6%) and coop surfaces (6.5%) and was associated with a particular purchase site. The prevalence of AR in production birds declined with bird age (P < 0.01 for all antibiotics tested except tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole). Farming status did not impact AR in domestic environments at the household or village level. Our results suggest that AR associated with small-scale poultry farming is present in the immediate production environment and likely originates from sources outside the study area. These outside sources might be a better place to target control efforts than local management practices. IMPORTANCE In developing countries, small-scale poultry farming employing antibiotics as growth promoters is being advanced as an inexpensive source of protein and income. Here, we present the results of a large ecoepidemiological study examining patterns of antibiotic resistance (AR) in E. coli isolates from small-scale poultry production environments versus domestic environments in rural Ecuador, where such backyard poultry operations have become established over the past decade. Our previous research in the region suggests that introduction of AR bacteria through travel and commerce may be an important source of AR in villages of this region. This report extends the prior analysis by examining small-scale production chicken farming as a potential source of resistant strains. Our results suggest that AR strains associated with poultry production likely originate from sources outside the study area and that these outside sources might be a better place to target control efforts than local management practices.
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Stella AE, Oliveira MCD, Fontana VLDDS, Maluta RP, Borges CA, Ávila FAD. Characterization and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of healthy broiler chickens. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000392014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are isolated from lesions of poultry presenting colibacillosis, which is a disease that causes either systemic or localized clinical signs. Such strains share many characteristics with E. coli strains that cause extra-intestinal illness in humans. There is not a consensus on how to define the APEC pathotype with regard to the presence of virulence traits. On the other hand, in the past few years, five minimal predictors for APEC detection were proposed. The E. coli isolates in this work were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the five proposed minimal predictors and cva C. The strains presenting them were categorized as potential APEC. The APEC and non-APEC categories showed high resistance (> 50%) to cephalotin, erythromycin, streptomycin, sulphametoxazol/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Potential APEC strains were significantly more resistant to cephalotin (p < 0.05) and neomcycin (p < 0.01) than non-APEC. These latter were significantly more resistant to tetracycline (p < 0.01) than the potential APEC strains. These results demonstrate that feces of poultry present E. coli strains with resistant features, showing or not the potential of causing colibacillosis in poultry. Because APEC and extra-intestinal illness in humans may be similar, these resistant strains are of interest to public health.
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Koga VL, Scandorieiro S, Vespero EC, Oba A, de Brito BG, de Brito KCT, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors among Escherichia coli Isolated from Conventional and Free-Range Poultry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:618752. [PMID: 26579536 PMCID: PMC4633531 DOI: 10.1155/2015/618752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological contamination in commercial poultry production has caused concerns for human health because of both the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and the increase in antimicrobial resistance in bacterial strains that can cause treatment failure of human infections. The aim of our study was to analyze the profile of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from chicken carcasses obtained from different farming systems (conventional and free-range poultry). A total of 156 E. coli strains were isolated and characterized for genes encoding virulence factors described in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 15 antimicrobials, and strains were confirmed as extended spectrum of β-lactamases- (ESBLs-) producing E. coli by phenotypic and genotypic tests. The results indicated that strains from free-range poultry have fewer virulence factors than strains from conventional poultry. Strains from conventionally raised chickens had a higher frequency of antimicrobial resistance for all antibiotics tested and also exhibited genes encoding ESBL and AmpC, unlike free-range poultry isolates, which did not. Group 2 CTX-M and CIT were the most prevalent ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. The farming systems of poultries can be related with the frequency of virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa L. Koga
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sara Scandorieiro
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Eliana C. Vespero
- Department of Pathology and Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, State University of Londrina (UEL), Avenida Robert Koch, No. 60, Vila Operária, 86038-350 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Oba
- Department of Zootechnia, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Benito G. de Brito
- Laboratory of Bird Health, Fepagro Animal Health, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, No. 6000, 92990-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly C. T. de Brito
- Laboratory of Bird Health, Fepagro Animal Health, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor (IPVDF), Estrada do Conde, No. 6000, 92990-000 Eldorado do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Renata K. T. Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-980 Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Midtvedt T. [An announcement of concern about antibiotics in chicken feed]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 2015; 135:742. [PMID: 25947591 DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.15.0196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Zoonotic potential of Escherichia coli isolates from retail chicken meat products and eggs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 81:1177-87. [PMID: 25480753 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03524-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken products are suspected as a source of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), which causes diseases in humans. The zoonotic risk to humans from chicken-source E. coli is not fully elucidated. To clarify the zoonotic risk posed by ExPEC in chicken products and to fill existing knowledge gaps regarding ExPEC zoonosis, we evaluated the prevalence of ExPEC on shell eggs and compared virulence-associated phenotypes between ExPEC and non-ExPEC isolates from both chicken meat and eggs. The prevalence of ExPEC among egg-source isolates was low, i.e., 5/108 (4.7%). Based on combined genotypic and phenotypic screening results, multiple human and avian pathotypes were represented among the chicken-source ExPEC isolates, including avian-pathogenic E. coli (APEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), and sepsis-associated E. coli (SEPEC), as well as an undefined ExPEC group, which included isolates with fewer virulence factors than the APEC, UPEC, and NMEC isolates. These findings document a substantial prevalence of human-pathogenic ExPEC-associated genes and phenotypes among E. coli isolates from retail chicken products and identify key virulence traits that could be used for screening.
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He LY, Liu YS, Su HC, Zhao JL, Liu SS, Chen J, Liu WR, Ying GG. Dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in representative broiler feedlots environments: identification of indicator ARGs and correlations with environmental variables. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13120-9. [PMID: 25338275 DOI: 10.1021/es5041267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Livestock operations are known to harbor elevated levels of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that may pose a threat to public health. Broiler feedlots may represent an important source of ARGs in the environment. However, the prevalence and dissemination mechanisms of various types of ARGs in the environment of broiler feedlots have not previously been identified. We examined the occurrence, abundance and variation of ARGs conferring resistance to chloramphenicols, sulfonamides and tetracyclines in the environments of two representative types of broiler feedlots (free range and indoor) by quantitative PCR, and assessed their dissemination mechanisms. The results showed the prevalence of various types of ARGs in the environmental samples of the broiler feedlots including manure/litter, soil, sediment, and water samples, with the first report of five chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA, floR, fexA, cfr, and fexB) in broiler feedlots. Overall, chloramphenicol resistance genes and sulfonamides sul genes were more abundant than tetracyclines tet genes. The ARG abundances in the samples from indoor boiler feedlots were generally different to the free range feedlots, suggesting the importance of feeding operations in ARG dissemination. Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations between ARGs and mobile genetic element genes (int1 and int2), and between the different classes of ARGs themselves, revealing the roles of horizontal gene transfer and coselection for ARG dissemination in the environment. Further regression analysis revealed that fexA, sul1 and tetW could be reliable indicator genes to surrogate anthropogenic sources of ARGs in boiler feedlots (correlations of fexA, sul1 and tetW to all ARGs: R = 0.95, 0.96 and 0.86, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, significant correlations were also identified between indicator ARGs and their corresponding antibiotics. In addition, some ARGs were significantly correlated with typical metals (e.g., Cu, Zn, and As with fexA, fexB, cfr, sul1, tetW, tetO, tetS: R = 0.52-0.71) and some environmental parameters (e.g., TOC, TN, TP, NH3-N with fexA, fexB, cfr, sul1, tetW, tetO, tetQ, tetS: R = 0.53-0.87) (p < 0.01). Further redundancy analysis demonstrated that the distribution and transportation of ARGs from the boiler feedlots to the receiving environments were correlated with environmental variables. The findings highlight the contribution of some chemicals such as antibiotics and metals to the development of ARGs in broiler feedlots environments; and the observed ARG dissemination mechanism in the broiler feedlots facilitates the development of effective mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, CAS Centre for Pearl River Delta Environmental Pollution and Control Research, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, China
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Qabajah M, Awwad E, Ashhab Y. Molecular characterisation ofEscherichia colifrom dead broiler chickens with signs of colibacillosis and ready-to-market chicken meat in the West Bank. Br Poult Sci 2014; 55:442-51. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2014.935998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cook KL, Netthisinghe AMP, Gilfillen RA. Detection of pathogens, indicators, and antibiotic resistance genes after land application of poultry litter. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2014; 43:1546-58. [PMID: 25603240 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.10.0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poultry litter (PL) is a by-product of broiler production. Most PL is land applied. Land-applied PL is a valuable nutrient source for crop production but can also be a route of environmental contamination with manure-borne bacteria. The objective of this study was to characterize the fate of pathogens, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), and bacteria containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) after application of PL to soils under conventional till or no-till management. This 2-yr study was conducted in accordance with normal agricultural practices, and microbial populations were quantified using a combination of culture and quantitative, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Initial concentrations of in PL were 5.4 ± 3.2 × 10 cells g PL; sp. was not detected in the PL but was enriched periodically from PL-amended soils. was detected in PL (1.5 ± 1.3 × 10 culturable or 1.5 ± 0.3 × 10 genes g) but was rarely detected in field soils, whereas enterococci (1.5 ± 0.5 × 10 cells g PL) were detected throughout the study. These results suggest that enterococci may be better FIB for field-applied PL. Concentrations of ARGs for sulfonamide, streptomycin, and tetracycline resistance increased up to 3.0 orders of magnitude after PL application and remained above background for up to 148 d. These data provide new knowledge about important microbial FIB, pathogens, and ARGs associated with PL application under realistic field-based conditions.
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Diarra MS, Malouin F. Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:282. [PMID: 24987390 PMCID: PMC4060556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antibiotics in food-producing animals has significantly increased animal health by lowering mortality and the incidence of diseases. Antibiotics also have largely contributed to increase productivity of farms. However, antibiotic usage in general and relevance of non-therapeutic antibiotics (growth promoters) in feed need to be reevaluated especially because bacterial pathogens of humans and animals have developed and shared a variety of antibiotic resistance mechanisms that can easily be spread within microbial communities. In Canada, poultry production involves more than 2600 regulated chicken producers who have access to several antibiotics approved as feed additives for poultry. Feed recipes and mixtures vary greatly geographically and from one farm to another, making links between use of a specific antibiotic feed additive and production yields or selection of specific antibiotic-resistant bacteria difficult to establish. Many on-farm studies have revealed the widespread presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in broiler chickens. While some reports linked the presence of antibiotic-resistant organisms to the use of feed supplemented with antibiotics, no recent studies could clearly demonstrate the benefit of antimicrobial growth promoters on performance and production yields. With modern biosecurity and hygienic practices, there is a genuine concern that intensive utilization of antibiotics or use of antimicrobial growth promoters in feed might no longer be useful. Public pressure and concerns about food and environmental safety (antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant pathogens) have driven researchers to actively look for alternatives to antibiotics. Some of the alternatives include pre- and probiotics, organic acids and essential oils. We will describe here the properties of some bioactive molecules, like those found in cranberry, which have shown interesting polyvalent antibacterial and immuno-stimulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa S. Diarra
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaAgassiz, BC, Canada
| | - François Malouin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Centre d'Étude et de Valorisation de la Diversité Microbienne, Université de SherbrookeSherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Characterization of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from retail poultry meats from Alberta, Canada. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 177:49-56. [PMID: 24607423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have the potential to spread through fecal waste resulting in the contamination of both farm workers and retail poultry meat in the processing plants or environment. The objective of this study was to characterize ExPEC from retail poultry meats purchased from Alberta, Canada and to compare them with 12 human ExPEC representatives from major ExPEC lineages. Fifty-four virulence genes were screened by a set of multiplex PCRs in 700 E. coli from retail poultry meat samples. ExPEC was defined as the detection of at least two of the following virulence genes: papA/papC, sfa, kpsMT II and iutA. Genetic relationships between isolates were determined using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fifty-nine (8.4%) of the 700 poultry meat isolates were identified as ExPEC and were equally distributed among the phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2 and D. Isolates of phylogenetic group A possessed up to 12 virulence genes compared to 24 and 18 genes in phylogenetic groups B2 and D, respectively. E. coli identified as ExPEC and recovered from poultry harbored as many virulence genes as those of human isolates. In addition to the iutA gene, siderophore-related iroN and fyuA were detected in combination with other virulence genes including those genes encoding for adhesion, protectin and toxin while the fimH, ompT, traT, uidA and vat were commonly detected in poultry ExPEC. The hemF, iss and cvaC genes were found in 40% of poultry ExPEC. All human ExPEC isolates harbored concnf (cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 altering cytoskeleton and causing necrosis) and hlyD (hemolysin transport) genes which were not found in poultry ExPEC. PFGE analysis showed that a few poultry ExPEC isolates clustered with human ExPEC isolates at 55-70% similarity level. Comparing ExPEC isolated from retail poultry meats provides insight into their virulence potential and suggests that poultry associated ExPEC may be important for retail meat safety. Investigations into the ability of our poultry ExPEC to cause human infections are warranted.
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Duplex PCR methods for the molecular detection of Escherichia fergusonii isolates from broiler chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:1941-8. [PMID: 24441160 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04169-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia fergusonii is an emerging pathogen that has been isolated from a wide range of infections in animals and humans. Primers targeting specific genes, including yliE (encoding a conserved hypothetical protein of the cellulose synthase and regulator of cellulose synthase island), EFER_1569 (encoding a hypothetical protein, putative transcriptional activator for multiple antibiotic resistance), and EFER_3126 (encoding a putative triphosphoribosyl-dephospho-coenzyme A [CoA]), were designed for the detection of E. fergusonii by conventional and real-time PCR methods. Primers were screened by in silico PCR against 489 bacterial genomic sequences and by both PCR methods on 55 reference and field strains. Both methods were specific and sensitive for E. fergusonii, showing amplification only for this bacterium. Conventional PCR required a minimum bacterial concentration of approximately 10(2) CFU/ml, while real-time PCR required a minimum of 0.3 pg of DNA for consistent detection. Standard curves showed an efficiency of 98.5%, with an R(2) value of 0.99 for the real-time PCR assay. Cecal and cloacal contents from 580 chickens were sampled from broiler farms located in the Fraser Valley (British Columbia, Canada). Presumptive E. fergusonii isolates were recovered by enrichment and plating on differential and selective media. Of 301 total presumptive isolates, 140 (46.5%) were identified as E. fergusonii by biochemical profiling with the API 20E system and 268 (89.0%) using PCR methods. E. fergusonii detection directly from cecal and cloacal samples without preenrichment was achieved with both PCR methods. Hence, the PCR methods developed in this work significantly improve the detection of E. fergusonii.
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Diarra MS, Delaquis P, Rempel H, Bach S, Harlton C, Aslam M, Pritchard J, Topp E. Antibiotic resistance and diversity of Salmonella enterica serovars associated with broiler chickens. J Food Prot 2014; 77:40-9. [PMID: 24405997 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028.jfp-13-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of Salmonella isolated from broiler production facilities. A total of 193 Salmonella isolates recovered from commercial farms in British Columbia, Canada, were evaluated. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined with the Sensititre system. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were detected by PCR assay. Genetic diversity was determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Seventeen serovars of Salmonella were identified. The most prevalent Salmonella serovars were Kentucky (29.0% of isolates), Typhimurium (23.8%), Enteritidis (13.5%), and Hadar (11.9%); serovars Heidelberg, Brandenburg, and Thompson were identified in 7.7, 4.1, and 3.6% of isolates, respectively. More than 43% of the isolates were simultaneously resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, cefoxitim, and ceftriaxone. This β-lactam resistance pattern was observed in 33 (58.9%) of the Salmonella Kentucky isolates; 2 of these isolates were also resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline. Genes associated with resistance to aminoglycosides (aadA1, aadA2, and strA), β-lactams (blaCMY-2, blaSHV, and blaTEM), tetracycline (tetA and tetB), and sulfonamide (sul1) were detected among corresponding resistant isolates. The invasin gene (invA) and the Salmonella plasmid virulence gene (spvC) were found in 97.9 and 25.9% of the isolates, respectively, with 33 (71.7%) of the 46 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates and 17 (65.4%) of the 26 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates carrying both invA and spvC. PGFE typing revealed that the antibiotic-resistant serovars were genetically diverse. These data confirm that broiler chickens can be colonized by genetically diverse antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates harboring virulence determinants. The presence of such strains is highly relevant to food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Sory Diarra
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
| | - Pascal Delaquis
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
| | - Heidi Rempel
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
| | - Susan Bach
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
| | - Colleen Harlton
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
| | - Mueen Aslam
- Lacombe Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Jane Pritchard
- British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada V3G 2M3
| | - Edward Topp
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T34
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Ahmed AM, Shimamoto T, Shimamoto T. Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from septicemic broilers. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 303:475-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Fatima M, Rempel H, Kuang XT, Allen KJ, Cheng KM, Malouin F, Diarra MS. Effect of 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid in a broiler Clostridium perfringens infection model. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2644-50. [PMID: 24046411 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In an effort to explore strategies to control Clostridium perfringens, we investigated the synergistic effect of a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger 3',5'-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) with penicillin G in a broiler challenge model. All chicks were inoculated in the crop by gavage on d 14, 15, and 16 with a mixture of 4 C. perfringens strains. Birds were treated with saline (control group) or 20 nmol of c-di-GMP by gavage or intramuscularly (IM) on d 24, all in conjunction with penicillin G in water for 5 d. Weekly samplings of ceca and ileum were performed on d 21 to 35 for C. perfringens and Lactobacillus enumeration. On d 35 of age, the IM treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced C. perfringens in the ceca, suggesting possible synergistic activity between penicillin G and c-di-GMP against C. perfringens in broiler ceca. Moreover, analysis of ceca DNA for the presence of a series of C. perfringens virulence genes showed a prevalence of 30% for the Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin gene (cpa) from d 21 to 35 in the IM-treated group, whereas the occurrence of the cpa gene increased from 10 to 60% in the other 2 groups (control and gavage) from d 21 to 35. Detection of β-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaSHV, and blaTEM) indicative of gram-negative bacteria in the same samples from d 21 to 35 did not show significant treatment effects. Amplified fragment-length polymorphism showed a predominant 92% similarity between the ceca of 21-d-old control birds and the 35-d-old IM-treated c-di-GMP group. This suggests that c-di-GMP IM treatment might be effective at restoring the normal microflora of the host on d 35 after being challenged by C. perfringens. Our results suggest that c-di-GMP can reduce the colonization of C. perfringens in the gut without increasing the selection pressure for some β-lactamase genes or altering the commensal bacterial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mussarat Fatima
- Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 1000, 6947 Highway 7, Agassiz, BC, Canada V0M 1A0
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Szmolka A, Nagy B. Multidrug resistant commensal Escherichia coli in animals and its impact for public health. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:258. [PMID: 24027562 PMCID: PMC3759790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
After the era of plentiful antibiotics we are alarmed by the increasing number of antibiotic resistant strains. The genetic flexibility and adaptability of Escherichia coli to constantly changing environments allows to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Commensal strains of E. coli as versatile residents of the lower intestine are also repeatedly challenged by antimicrobial pressures during the lifetime of their host. As a consequence, commensal strains acquire the respective resistance genes, and/or develop resistant mutants in order to survive and maintain microbial homeostasis in the lower intestinal tract. Thus, commensal E. coli strains are regarded as indicators of antimicrobial load on their hosts. This chapter provides a short historic background of the appearance and presumed origin and transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal intestinal E. coli of animals with comparative information on their pathogenic counterparts. The dynamics, development, and ways of evolution of resistance in the E. coli populations differ according to hosts, resistance mechanisms, and antimicrobial classes used. The most frequent tools of E. coli against a variety of antimicrobials are the efflux pumps and mobile resistance mechanisms carried by plasmids and/or other transferable elements. The emergence of hybrid plasmids (both resistance and virulence) among E. coli is of further concern. Co-existence and co-transfer of these "bad genes" in this huge and most versatile in vivo compartment may represent an increased public health risk in the future. Significance of multidrug resistant (MDR) commensal E. coli seem to be highest in the food animal industry, acting as reservoir for intra- and interspecific exchange and a source for spread of MDR determinants through contaminated food to humans. Thus, public health potential of MDR commensal E. coli of food animals can be a concern and needs monitoring and more molecular analysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Béla Nagy
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary
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Ramírez Castillo FY, Avelar González FJ, Garneau P, Márquez Díaz F, Guerrero Barrera AL, Harel J. Presence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in the San Pedro River located in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:147. [PMID: 23785356 PMCID: PMC3683621 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contamination of surface waters in developing countries is a great concern. Treated and untreated wastewaters have been discharged into rivers and streams, leading to possible waterborne infection outbreaks and may represent a significant dissemination mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, the water quality of San Pedro River, the main river and pluvial collector of the Aguascalientes State, Mexico was assessed. Thirty sample locations were tested throughout the River. The main physicochemical parameters of water were evaluated. Results showed high levels of fecal pollution as well as inorganic and organic matter abundant enough to support the heterotrophic growth of microorganisms. These results indicate poor water quality in samples from different locations. One hundred and fifty Escherichia coli were collected and screened by PCR for several virulence genes. Isolates were classified as either pathogenic (n = 91) or commensal (n = 59). The disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility to 13 antibiotics. Fifty-two percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent and 30.6% were multi-resistant. Eighteen E. coli strains were quinolone resistant of which 16 were multi-resistant. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes were detected in 12 isolates. Mutations at the Ser-83→Leu and/or Asp-87→Asn in the gyrA gene were detected as well as mutations at the Ser-80→Ile in parC. An E. coli microarray (Maxivirulence V 3.1) was used to characterize the virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes profiles of the fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. Antimicrobial resistance genes such as bla TEM, sulI, sulII, dhfrIX, aph3 (strA), and tet (B) as well as integrons were found in fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance E. coli strains. The presence of potential pathogenic E. coli and antibiotic resistance in San Pedro River such as FQ resistant E. coli could pose a potential threat to human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Y Ramírez Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes Aguascalientes, México
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Barigye R, Gautam A, Piche LM, Schaan LP, Krogh DF, Olet S. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of virulent and avirulent multidrug-resistantEscherichia coliisolated from diarrheic neonatal calves. Am J Vet Res 2012; 73:1944-50. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.73.12.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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