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Algammal AM, Eid HM, Alghamdi S, Ghabban H, Alatawy R, Almanzalawi EA, Alqahtani TM, Elfouly SG, Mohammed GM, Hetta HF, El-Tarabili RM. Meat and meat products as potential sources of emerging MDR Bacillus cereus: groEL gene sequencing, toxigenic and antimicrobial resistance. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38326741 PMCID: PMC10848520 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus cereus is implicated in severe foodborne infection in humans. This study intended to assess the occurrence, groEL gene sequencing, biofilm production, and resistance profiles of emerged multidrug resistant (MDR) B. cereus in meat and meat product samples. Moreover, this work highlights the virulence and toxigenic genes (hblABCD complex, nheABC complex, cytK, ces, and pc-plc) and antimicrobial resistance genes (bla1, tetA, bla2, tetB, and ermA). METHODS Consequently, 200 samples (sausage, minced meat, luncheon, beef meat, and liver; n = 40 for each) were indiscriminately collected from commercial supermarkets in Port Said Province, Egypt, from March to May 2021. Subsequently, food samples were bacteriologically examined. The obtained isolates were tested for groEL gene sequence analysis, antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm production, and PCR screening of toxigenic and resistance genes. RESULTS The overall prevalence of B. cereus among the inspected food samples was 21%, where the highest predominance was detected in minced meat (42.5%), followed by beef meat (30%). The phylogenetic analysis of the groEL gene exposed that the examined B. cereus strain disclosed a notable genetic identity with other strains from the USA and China. Moreover, the obtained B. cereus strains revealed β-hemolytic activity, and 88.1% of the recovered strains tested positive for biofilm production. PCR evidenced that the obtained B. cereus strains usually inherited the nhe complex genes (nheA and nheC: 100%, and nheB: 83.3%), followed by cytK (76.2%), hbl complex (hblC and hblD: 59.5%, hblB: 16.6%, and hblA: 11.9%), ces (54.7%), and pc-plc (30.9%) virulence genes. Likewise, 42.9% of the examined B. cereus strains were MDR to six antimicrobial classes and encoded bla1, bla2, ermA, and tetA genes. CONCLUSION In summary, this study highlights the presence of MDR B. cereus in meat and meat products, posing a significant public health risk. The contamination by B. cereus is common in minced meat and beef meat. The molecular assay is a reliable fundamental tool for screening emerging MDR B. cereus strains in meat and meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Hamza M Eid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Ghabban
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roba Alatawy
- Medical Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas A Almanzalawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani M Alqahtani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabreen G Elfouly
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Port-Said branch, Port Said, 42511, Egypt
| | - Gihan M Mohammed
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute, Port-Said branch, Port Said, 42511, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Screening of Spore-Forming Bacteria with Probiotic Potential in Pristine Algerian Caves. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0024822. [PMID: 36214685 PMCID: PMC9604054 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00248-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest and exploration of biodiversity in subsurface ecosystems have increased significantly during the last 2 decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro probiotic properties of spore-forming bacteria isolated from deep caves. Two hundred fifty spore-forming microbes were enriched from sediment samples from 10 different pristine caves in Algeria at different depths. Isolates showing nonpathogenic profiles were screened for their potential to produce digestive enzymes (gliadinase and beta-galactosidase) in solid and liquid media, respectively. Different probiotic potentialities were studied, including (i) growth at 37°C, (ii) survival in simulated gastric juice, (iii) survival in simulated intestinal fluid, and (iv) antibiotic sensitivity and cell surface properties. The results showed that out of 250 isolates, 13 isolates demonstrated nonpathogenic character, probiotic potentialities, and ability to hydrolyze gliadin and lactose in solution. These findings suggest that a selection of cave microbes might serve as a source of interesting candidates for probiotics. IMPORTANCE Previous microbial studies of subsurface ecosystems like caves focused mainly on the natural biodiversity in these systems. So far, only a few studies focused on the biotechnological potential of microbes in these systems, focusing in particular on their antibacterial potential, antibiotic production, and, to some extent, enzymatic potential. This study explores whether subsurface ecosystems can serve as an alternative source for microbes relevant to probiotics. The research focused on the ability of cave microbes to degrade two substrates (lactose and gliadin) that cause common digestive disorders. Since these enzymes may prove to be useful in food processing and in reducing the effect of lactose and gliadin digestion within intolerant patients, isolation of microbes such as in this study may expand the possibilities of developing alternative strategies to deal with these intolerances.
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Bhattacharya S, Sen D, Bhattacharjee C. Inhibition Mechanism Study for Diallyl Thiosulfinate (Allicin) Against Crucial Bacterial Proteins Through in silico Molecular Docking Simulation. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Algammal AM, Alfifi KJ, Mabrok M, Alatawy M, Abdel-moneam DA, Alghamdi S, Azab MM, Ibrahim RA, Hetta HF, El-Tarabili RM. Newly Emerging MDR B. cereus in Mugil seheli as the First Report Commonly Harbor nhe, hbl, cytK, and pc-plc Virulence Genes and bla1, bla2, tetA, and ermA Resistance Genes. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2167-2185. [PMID: 35498633 PMCID: PMC9052338 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s365254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus cereus is a common food poisoning pathogen in humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, molecular typing, antibiogram profile, pathogenicity, dissemination of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes associated with natural B. cereus infection among Mugil seheli. Methods Consequently, 120 M. seheli (40 healthy and 80 diseased) were obtained from private fish farms in Port-said Governorate, Egypt. Afterward, samples were processed for clinical, post-mortem, and bacteriological examinations. The recovered isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, phenotypic assessment of virulence factors, pathogeneicity, and PCR-based detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. Results B. cereus was isolated from 30 (25%) examined fish; the highest prevalence was noticed in the liver (50%). The phylogenetic and sequence analyses of the gyrB gene revealed that the tested B. cereus isolate displayed a high genetic similarity with other B. cereus strains from different origins. All the recovered B. cereus isolates (n =60, 100%) exhibited β-hemolytic and lecithinase activities, while 90% (54/60) of the tested isolates were biofilm producers. Using PCR, the tested B. cereus isolates harbor nhe, hbl, cytK, pc-plc, and ces virulence genes with prevalence rates of 91.6%, 86.6%, 83.4%, 50%, and 33.4%, respectively. Moreover, 40% (24/60) of the tested B. cereus isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to six antimicrobial classes and carried the bla1, bla2, tetA, and ermA genes. The experimentally infected fish with B. cereus showed variable mortality in direct proportion to the inoculated doses. Conclusion As far as we know, this is the first report that emphasized the existence of MDR B. cereus in M. seheli that reflects a threat to the public health and the aquaculture sector. Newly emerging MDR B. cereus in M. seheli commonly carried virulence genes nhe, hbl, cytK, and pc-plc, as well as resistance genes bla1, bla2, tetA, and ermA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Khyreyah J Alfifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mabrok
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Marfat Alatawy
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia A Abdel-moneam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa M Azab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Reham A Ibrahim
- Marine Environmental Division- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Suez, 43511, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Alhayek A, Khan ES, Schönauer E, Däinghaus T, Shafiei R, Voos K, Han MK, Ducho C, Posselt G, Wessler S, Brandstetter H, Haupenthal J, del Campo A, Hirsch AK. Inhibition of Collagenase Q1 of Bacillus cereus as a Novel Antivirulence Strategy for the Treatment of Skin-Wound Infections. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022; 5:2100222. [PMID: 35310821 PMCID: PMC7612511 DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the progress in surgical techniques and antibiotic prophylaxis, opportunistic wound infections with Bacillus cereus remain a public health problem. Secreted toxins are one of the main factors contributing to B. cereus pathogenicity. A promising strategy to treat such infections is to target these toxins and not the bacteria. Although the exoenzymes produced by B. cereus are thoroughly investigated, little is known about the role of B. cereus collagenases in wound infections. In this report, the collagenolytic activity of secreted collagenases (Col) is characterized in the B. cereus culture supernatant (csn) and its isolated recombinantly produced ColQ1 is characterized. The data reveals that ColQ1 causes damage on dermal collagen (COL). This results in gaps in the tissue, which might facilitate the spread of bacteria. The importance of B. cereus collagenases is also demonstrated in disease promotion using two inhibitors. Compound 2 shows high efficacy in peptidolytic, gelatinolytic, and COL degradation assays. It also preserves the fibrillar COLs in skin tissue challenged with ColQ1, as well as the viability of skin cells treated with B. cereus csn. A Galleria mellonella model highlights the significance of collagenase inhibition in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alhayek
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) 38124 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy Saarland University, Saarbrücken Campus Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Essak S. Khan
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM) Saarland University Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Esther Schönauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology Hellbrunner Str. 34 University of Salzburg Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Tobias Däinghaus
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM) Saarland University Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Roya Shafiei
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) 38124 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Katrin Voos
- Department of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Saarland University Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mitchell K.L. Han
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM) Saarl and University Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Saarland University Campus C2 3, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology Hellbrunner Str. 34 University of Salzburg Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Silja Wessler
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology Hellbrunner Str. 34 University of Salzburg Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology Hellbrunner Str. 34 University of Salzburg Salzburg 5020, Austria
| | - Jörg Haupenthal
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) 38124 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Aránzazu del Campo
- Leibniz Institute for New Materials (INM) Saarland University Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Chemistry Department Saarland University 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Anna K.H. Hirsch
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) 38124 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy Saarland University, Saarbrücken Campus Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Munshi MK, Sukhi FA, Huque R, Hossain A, Mahbub S, Ariful Hoque S, Hossain T, Khan MSI, Hossain MF. Combination impacts of gamma radiation and low temperature on the toxin‐producing
Bacillus cereus
isolated from fried and steam rice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Kamruzzaman Munshi
- Food Technology Division Institute of Food and Radiation Biology Atomic Energy Research Establishment Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Akter Sukhi
- Department of Food Microbiology Patuakhali Science and Technology University Patuakhali Bangladesh
| | - Roksana Huque
- Food Technology Division Institute of Food and Radiation Biology Atomic Energy Research Establishment Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Arzina Hossain
- Food Technology Division Institute of Food and Radiation Biology Atomic Energy Research Establishment Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Mahbub
- Department of Chemistry & Physics Gono Bishwabidyalay Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Ariful Hoque
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Tania Hossain
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences University of Dhaka Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shafiqul Islam Khan
- Department of Food Microbiology Patuakhali Science and Technology University Patuakhali Bangladesh
| | - Md. Fuad Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Gono Bishwabidyalay (University) Savar, Dhaka Bangladesh
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Rashid SA, Norman N, Teo SH, Tong WY, Leong CR, Tan WN, Noor MAM. Cholic acid: a novel steroidal uncompetitive inhibitor against β-lactamase produced by multidrug-resistant isolates. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:152. [PMID: 34398332 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed class of drugs worldwide, due to its efficacy and good safety profile. However, the emergence of β-lactamase producing bacterial strains eliminated the use of β-lactam antibiotics as a chemotherapeutic choice. To restore their usability, a non-antibiotic adjuvant in conjunction with β-lactam antibiotics is now being utilised. Cholic acid potentially acts as an adjuvant since it can blunt the pro-inflammatory activity in human. Our main objective is to scrutinise the inhibition of β-lactamase-producing bacteria by adjuvant cholic acid, synergism of the test drugs and the primary mechanism of enzymatic reaction. Antibacterial effect of the cholic acid-ampicillin (CA-AMP) on 7 β-lactamase positive isolates were evaluated accordingly to disc diffusion assay, antibiotic susceptibility test, as well as checkerboard analysis. Then, all activities were compared with ampicillin alone, penicillin alone, cholic acid alone and cholic acid-penicillin combination. The CA-AMP displayed notable antibiotic activity on all test bacteria and depicted synergistic influence by representing low fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC ≤ 0.5). According to kinetic analyses, CA-AMP behaved as an uncompetitive inhibitor against beta lactamase, with reducing values of Michaelis constant (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) recorded. The inhibitor constant (Ki) of CA-AMP was equal to 4.98 ± 0.3 µM, which slightly lower than ampicillin (5.00 ± 0.1 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syarifah Ab Rashid
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Norhaswanie Norman
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hway Teo
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Woei Yenn Tong
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - Chean Ring Leong
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Wen-Nee Tan
- Chemistry Section, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azizan Mohd Noor
- Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
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Kaze M, Brooks L, Sistrom M. Antimicrobial resistance in Bacillus-based biopesticide products. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2021; 167. [PMID: 34351257 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The crisis of antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections is one of the most pressing public health issues. Common agricultural practices have been implicated in the generation of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Biopesticides, live bacteria used for pest control, are non-pathogenic and considered safe for consumption. Application of bacteria-based pesticides to crops in high concentrations raises the possibility of unintentional contributions to the movement and generation of antimicrobial resistance genes in the environment. However, the presence of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes and their resistance phenotypes are currently unknown. Here we use a combination of multiple bioinformatic and microbiological techniques to define resistomes of widely used biopesticides and determine how the presence of suspected antimicrobial resistance genes translates to observable resistance phenotypes in several biopesticide products. Our results demonstrate that biopesticide products are reservoirs of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes and bear resistance to multiple drug classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Kaze
- Department of Quantitative and Systems Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, USA
| | - Lauren Brooks
- Department of Biology, Utah Valley University, Orem, USA
| | - Mark Sistrom
- Department of Quantitative and Systems Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, USA
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Kazantseva OA, Piligrimova EG, Shadrin AM. vB_BcM_Sam46 and vB_BcM_Sam112, members of a new bacteriophage genus with unusual small terminase structure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12173. [PMID: 34108535 PMCID: PMC8190038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the serious public health concerns is food contaminated with pathogens and their vital activity products such as toxins. Bacillus cereus group of bacteria includes well-known pathogenic species such as B. anthracis, B. cereus sensu stricto (ss), B. cytotoxicus and B. thuringiensis. In this report, we describe the Bacillus phages vB_BcM_Sam46 and vB_BcM_Sam112 infecting species of this group. Electron microscopic analyses indicated that phages Sam46 and Sam112 have the myovirus morphotype. The genomes of Sam46 and Sam112 comprise double-stranded DNA of 45,419 bp and 45,037 bp in length, respectively, and have the same GC-content. The genome identity of Sam46 and Sam112 is 96.0%, indicating that they belong to the same phage species. According to the phylogenetic analysis, these phages form a distinct clade and may be members of a new phage genus, for which we propose the name 'Samaravirus'. In addition, an interesting feature of the Sam46 and Sam112 phages is the unusual structure of their small terminase subunit containing N-terminal FtsK_gamma domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya A Kazantseva
- Laboratory of Bacteriophage Biology, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Emma G Piligrimova
- Laboratory of Bacteriophage Biology, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Andrey M Shadrin
- Laboratory of Bacteriophage Biology, G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
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Xu Y, Tandon R, Ancheta C, Arroyo P, Gilbert JA, Stephens B, Kelley ST. Quantitative profiling of built environment bacterial and fungal communities reveals dynamic material dependent growth patterns and microbial interactions. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:188-205. [PMID: 32757488 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Indoor microbial communities vary in composition and diversity depending on material type, moisture levels, and occupancy. In this study, we integrated bacterial cell counting, fungal biomass estimation, and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting (FACS) with amplicon sequencing of bacterial (16S rRNA) and fungal (ITS) communities to investigate the influence of wetting on medium density fiberboard (MDF) and gypsum wallboard. Surface samples were collected longitudinally from wetted materials maintained at high relative humidity (~95%). Bacterial and fungal growth patterns were strongly time-dependent and material-specific. Fungal growth phenotypes differed between materials: spores dominated MDF surfaces while fungi transitioned from spores to hyphae on gypsum. FACS confirmed that most of the bacterial cells were intact (viable) on both materials over the course of the study. Integrated cell count and biomass data (quantitative profiling) revealed that small changes in relative abundance often resulted from large changes in absolute abundance, while negative correlations in relative abundances were explained by rapid growth of only one group of bacteria or fungi. Comparisons of bacterial-bacterial and fungal-bacterial networks suggested a top-down control of fungi on bacterial growth, possibly via antibiotic production. In conclusion, quantitative profiling provides novel insights into microbial growth dynamics on building materials with potential implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Tandon
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chrislyn Ancheta
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Pablo Arroyo
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brent Stephens
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott T Kelley
- Graduate Program in Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Sun H, Bjerketorp J, Levenfors JJ, Schnürer A. Isolation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in biogas digestate and their susceptibility to antibiotics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115265. [PMID: 32731190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used to prevent and treat diseases and promote animal growth in the livestock industry, and therefore antibiotic residues can end up in biogas digestate from processes treating animal manure (AM) and food waste (FW). These digestates represent a potential source of spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) when used as fertilisers. This study evaluated AMR risks associated with biogas digestates from two processes, using AM and FW as substrate, by isolation and identification of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and testing their susceptibility to different antibiotics. ARB from the digestates were isolated by selective plating. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of isolates was determined using ampicillin, ceftazidime, meropenem, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin or sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, representing different antibiotic classes with differing mechanisms of action. In total, 30 different bacterial species belonging to seven genera were isolated and classified. Bacillus and closely related genera, including Paenibacillus, Lysinibacillus and Brevibacillus, were the dominant ARB in both digestates. Most of the ARB strains isolated were non-pathogenic and some were even known to be beneficial to plant growth. However, some were potentially pathogenic, such as an isolate identified as Bacillus cereus. Many of the isolated species showed multi resistance and the AM digestate and FW digestate both contain bacterial species resistant to all antibiotics tested here, except gentamicin. A higher level of resistance was displayed by the FW isolates, which may indicate higher antibiotic pressure in FW compared with AM digestate. Overall, the results indicate a risk of AMR spread when these digestates are used as fertiliser. However, most of the ARB identified are species commonly found in soil, where AMR in many cases is abundant already, so the contribution of digestate-based fertiliser to the spread of AMR may still be very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Sun
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Joakim Bjerketorp
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Ultupharma AB, Södra Rudbecksgatan 13, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jolanta J Levenfors
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Ultupharma AB, Södra Rudbecksgatan 13, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Carroll LM, Wiedmann M. Cereulide Synthetase Acquisition and Loss Events within the Evolutionary History of Group III Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Facilitate the Transition between Emetic and Diarrheal Foodborne Pathogens. mBio 2020; 11:e01263-20. [PMID: 32843545 PMCID: PMC7448271 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01263-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereulide-producing members of Bacillus cereussensu lato group III (also known as emetic B. cereus) possess cereulide synthetase, a plasmid-encoded, nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoded by the ces gene cluster. Despite the documented risks that cereulide-producing strains pose to public health, the level of genomic diversity encompassed by emetic B. cereus has never been evaluated at a whole-genome scale. Here, we employ a phylogenomic approach to characterize group III B. cereussensu lato genomes which possess ces (ces positive) alongside their closely related, ces-negative counterparts (i) to assess the genomic diversity encompassed by emetic B. cereus and (ii) to identify potential ces loss and/or gain events within the evolutionary history of the high-risk and medically relevant sequence type (ST) 26 lineage often associated with emetic foodborne illness. Using all publicly available ces-positive group III B. cereussensu lato genomes and the ces-negative genomes interspersed among them (n = 159), we show that emetic B. cereus is not clonal; rather, multiple lineages within group III harbor cereulide-producing strains, all of which share an ancestor incapable of producing cereulide (posterior probability = 0.86 to 0.89). Members of ST 26 share an ancestor that existed circa 1748 (95% highest posterior density [HPD] interval = 1246.89 to 1915.64) and first acquired the ability to produce cereulide before 1876 (95% HPD = 1641.43 to 1946.70). Within ST 26 alone, two subsequent ces gain events were observed, as well as three ces loss events, including among isolates responsible for B. cereussensu lato toxicoinfection (i.e., "diarrheal" illness).IMPORTANCEB. cereus is responsible for thousands of cases of foodborne disease each year worldwide, causing two distinct forms of illness: (i) intoxication via cereulide (i.e., emetic syndrome) or (ii) toxicoinfection via multiple enterotoxins (i.e., diarrheal syndrome). Here, we show that emetic B. cereus is not a clonal, homogenous unit that resulted from a single cereulide synthetase gain event followed by subsequent proliferation; rather, cereulide synthetase acquisition and loss is a dynamic, ongoing process that occurs across lineages, allowing some group III B. cereussensu lato populations to oscillate between diarrheal and emetic foodborne pathogens over the course of their evolutionary histories. We also highlight the care that must be taken when selecting a reference genome for whole-genome sequencing-based investigation of emetic B. cereussensu lato outbreaks, since some reference genome selections can lead to a confounding loss of resolution and potentially hinder epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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14
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Shawish R, Tarabees R. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Bacillus cereus isolated from beef products in Egypt. Open Vet J 2017; 7:337-341. [PMID: 29296593 PMCID: PMC5738887 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v7i4.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens have the main concern in public health and food safety. Bacillus cereus food poisoning is one of the most important foodborne pathogens worldwide. In the present study, a total of 200 random beef product samples were collected from different supermarkets located at Menofia and Cairo governorates were examined for the presence of B. cereus. In addition, the presence of some virulence encoding genes was evaluated using Multiplex PCR. Finally, the antibiogram testing was conveyed to illustrate the resistance pattern of the confirmed B. cereus. The data showed that B. cereus was recovered from 22.5%, 30%, 25%, 37.5% and 15% of the minced meat, burger, sausage, kofta, and luncheon respectively. Among the 20 examined isolates 18/20 (90%) were harbor hblC enterotoxin encoding gene compared with 20/20 (100) were have cytK enterotoxin encoding gene. The isolated strains of B. cereus were resistant to penicillin G and sensitive to oxacillin, clindamycin, vancomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. In all, the obtained data showed the importance of emerging B. cereus in disease control and prevention programs, and in regular clinical and food quality control laboratories in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyad Shawish
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Reda Tarabees
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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15
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Déraspe M, Raymond F, Boisvert S, Culley A, Roy PH, Laviolette F, Corbeil J. Phenetic Comparison of Prokaryotic Genomes Using k-mers. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 34:2716-2729. [PMID: 28957508 PMCID: PMC5850840 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial genomics studies are getting more extensive and complex, requiring new ways to envision analyses. Using the Ray Surveyor software, we demonstrate that comparison of genomes based on their k-mer content allows reconstruction of phenetic trees without the need of prior data curation, such as core genome alignment of a species. We validated the methodology using simulated genomes and previously published phylogenomic studies of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We also investigated the relationship of specific genetic determinants with bacterial population structures. By comparing clusters from the complete genomic content of a genome population with clusters from specific functional categories of genes, we can determine how the population structures are correlated. Indeed, the strain clustering based on a subset of k-mers allows determination of its similarity with the whole genome clusters. We also applied this methodology on 42 species of bacteria to determine the correlational significance of five important bacterial genomic characteristics. For example, intrinsic resistance is more important in P. aeruginosa than in S. pneumoniae, and the former has increased correlation of its population structure with antibiotic resistance genes. The global view of the pangenome of bacteria also demonstrated the taxa-dependent interaction of population structure with antibiotic resistance, bacteriophage, plasmid, and mobile element k-mer data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Déraspe
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Culley
- Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-informatique, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paul H. Roy
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département de Biochimie, Microbiologie et Bio-informatique, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - François Laviolette
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département d’Informatique et de Génie Logiciel, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Corbeil
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Données Massives de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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16
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Tetz G, Tetz V, Vecherkovskaya M. Genomic characterization and assessment of the virulence and antibiotic resistance of the novel species Paenibacillus sp. strain VT-400, a potentially pathogenic bacterium in the oral cavity of patients with hematological malignancies. Gut Pathog 2016; 8:6. [PMID: 26900405 PMCID: PMC4761199 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-016-0089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paenibacillus sp. strain VT-400, a novel spore-forming bacterium, was isolated from patients with hematological malignancies. METHODS Paenibacillus sp. strain VT-400 was isolated from the saliva of four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The genome was annotated using RAST and the NCBI Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline to characterize features of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. Susceptibility to antibiotics was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. We used a mouse model of pneumonia to study virulence in vivo. Mice were challenged with 7.5 log10-9.5 log10 CFU, and survival was monitored over 7 days. Bacterial load was measured in the lungs and spleen of surviving mice 48 h post-infection to reveal bacterial invasion and dissemination. RESULTS Whole-genome sequencing revealed a large number of virulence factors such as hemolysin D and CD4+ T cell-stimulating antigen. Furthermore, the strain harbors numerous antibiotic resistance genes, including small multidrug resistance proteins, which have never been previously found in the Paenibacillus genus. We then compared the presence of antibiotic resistance genes against results from antibiotic susceptibility testing. Paenibacillus sp. strain VT-400 was found to be resistant to macrolides such as erythromycin and azithromycin, as well as to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Finally, the isolate caused mortality in mice infected with ≥8.5 log10 CFU. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results and on the available literature, there is yet no strong evidence that shows Paenibacillus species as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. However, the presence of spore-forming bacteria with virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in such patients warrants special attention because infections caused by spore-forming bacteria are poorly treatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Tetz
- Institute of Human Microbiology, LLC, 303 5th Avenue, Suite 2012, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Victor Tetz
- First State I. P. Pavlov Medical University, Lev Tolstoy Str. 6/8, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197022
| | - Maria Vecherkovskaya
- First State I. P. Pavlov Medical University, Lev Tolstoy Str. 6/8, Saint Petersburg, Russia 197022
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17
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Organji SR, Abulreesh HH, Elbanna K, Osman GEH, Khider M. Occurrence and characterization of toxigenic Bacillus cereus in food and infant feces. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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18
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Moreno Switt AI, Andrus AD, Ranieri ML, Orsi RH, Ivy R, den Bakker HC, Martin NH, Wiedmann M, Boor KJ. Genomic comparison of sporeforming bacilli isolated from milk. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:26. [PMID: 24422886 PMCID: PMC3902026 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporeformers in the order Bacillales are important contributors to spoilage of pasteurized milk. While only a few Bacillus and Viridibacillus strains can grow in milk at 6°C, the majority of Paenibacillus isolated from pasteurized fluid milk can grow under these conditions. To gain a better understanding of genomic features of these important spoilage organisms and to identify candidate genomic features that may facilitate cold growth in milk, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of selected dairy associated sporeformers representing isolates that can and cannot grow in milk at 6°C. RESULTS The genomes for seven Paenibacillus spp., two Bacillus spp., and one Viridibacillus sp. isolates were sequenced. Across the genomes sequenced, we identified numerous genes encoding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, bacteriocins, and pathways for synthesis of non-ribosomal peptide antibiotics. Phylogenetic analysis placed genomes representing Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Viridibacillus into three distinct well supported clades and further classified the Paenibacillus strains characterized here into three distinct clades, including (i) clade I, which contains one strain able to grow at 6°C in skim milk broth and one strain not able to grow under these conditions, (ii) clade II, which contains three strains able to grow at 6°C in skim milk broth, and (iii) clade III, which contains two strains unable to grow under these conditions. While all Paenibacillus genomes were found to include multiple copies of genes encoding β-galactosidases, clade II strains showed significantly higher numbers of genes encoding these enzymes as compared to clade III strains. Genome comparison of strains able to grow at 6°C and strains unable to grow at this temperature identified numerous genes encoding features that might facilitate the growth of Paenibacillus in milk at 6°C, including peptidases with cold-adapted features (flexibility and disorder regions in the protein structure) and cold-adaptation related proteins (DEAD-box helicases, chaperone DnaJ). CONCLUSIONS Through a comparative genomics approach we identified a number of genomic features that may relate to the ability of selected Paenibacillus strains to cause spoilage of refrigerated fluid milk. With additional experimental evidence, these data will facilitate identification of targets to detect and control Gram positive spore formers in fluid milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Moreno Switt
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alexis D Andrus
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Matthew L Ranieri
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Renato H Orsi
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Reid Ivy
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Henk C den Bakker
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nicole H Martin
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kathryn J Boor
- 345 Stocking Hall, Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Microbial based assay for specific detection of β-lactam group of antibiotics in milk. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2011; 51:1161-6. [PMID: 24876650 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The spore forming Bacillus cereus (66) was screened for the induction of β-lactamase in presence of an inducer using iodometric assay. A significant induction in marker enzyme was observed in B. cereus 66 at maximum residual limit (MRL) of penicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, amoxicillin, cefalexin, and cephazolin belonging to β-lactam group of antibiotics. A microbial based assay, where enzyme induction was optimized at pH 7.0, temperature 30°C, and whey powder (0.25%) after 4 h of incubation. The spore based assay was tested with milk samples spiked with 6 different β-lactam antibiotics. The results were 100 and 83.33% in correlation with microbial receptor and inhibition based assay, respectively. Overall, spore based assay can be a useful and cost effective tool for the specific detection of β-lactam group of antibiotics in milk.
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20
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Ho YP, Reddy PM. Advances in mass spectrometry for the identification of pathogens. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1203-24. [PMID: 21557290 PMCID: PMC7168406 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important technique to identify microbial biomarkers. The rapid and accurate MS identification of microorganisms without any extensive pretreatment of samples is now possible. This review summarizes MS methods that are currently utilized in microbial analyses. Affinity methods are effective to clean, enrich, and investigate microorganisms from complex matrices. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles might concentrate traces of target microorganisms from sample solutions. Therefore, nanoparticle-based techniques have a favorable detection limit. MS coupled with various chromatographic techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, reduces the complexity of microbial biomarkers and yields reliable results. The direct analysis of whole pathogenic microbial cells with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS without sample separation reveals specific biomarkers for taxonomy, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and high-throughput measurements. The MS detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified microbial nucleic acids provides an alternative to biomarker analysis. This review will conclude with some current applications of MS in the identification of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Peng Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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21
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SHALE K, MALEBO N. QUANTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND BACILLUS CEREUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM BILTONG. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Šedo O, Sedláček I, Zdráhal Z. Sample preparation methods for MALDI-MS profiling of bacteria. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:417-434. [PMID: 21500244 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) bacterial cell or lysate analysis appears to meet all the criteria required for a rapid and reliable analytical microorganism identification and taxonomical classification tool. Few-minute analytical procedure providing information extending up to sub-species level underlines the potential of the MALDI-MS profiling in comparison with other methods employed in the field. However, the quality of MALDI-MS profiles and consequently the performance of the method are influenced by numerous factors, which involve particular steps of the sample preparation procedure. This review is aimed at advances in development and optimization of the MALDI-MS profiling methodology. Approaches improving the quality of the MALDI-MS profiles and universal feasibility of the method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Šedo
- Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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