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Hernandez-Valdes JA, aan de Stegge M, Hermans J, Teunis J, van Tatenhove-Pel RJ, Teusink B, Bachmann H, Kuipers OP. Enhancement of amino acid production and secretion by Lactococcus lactis using a droplet-based biosensing and selection system. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 11:e00133. [PMID: 32551230 PMCID: PMC7292884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are attractive metabolites for the pharmaceutical and food industry field. On one hand, the construction of microbial cell factories for large-scale production aims to satisfy the demand for amino acids as bulk biochemical. On the other hand, amino acids enhance flavor formation in fermented foods. Concerning the latter, flavor formation in dairy products, such as cheese is associated with the presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In particular, Lactococcus lactis, one of the most important LAB, is used as a starter culture in fermented foods. The proteolytic activity of some L. lactis strains results in peptides and amino acids, which are flavor compounds or flavor precursors. However, it is still a challenge to isolate bacterial cells with enhanced amino acid production and secretion activity. In this work, we developed a growth-based sensor strain to detect the essential amino acids isoleucine, leucine, valine, histidine and methionine. Amino acids are metabolites that can be secreted by some bacteria. Therefore, our biosensor allowed us to identify wild-type L. lactis strains that naturally secrete amino acids, by using co-cultures of the biosensor strain with potential amino acid producing strains. Subsequently, we used this biosensor in combination with a droplet-based screening approach, and isolated three mutated L. lactis IPLA838 strains with 5-10 fold increased amino acid-secretion compared to the wild type. Genome re-sequencing revealed mutations in genes encoding proteins that participate in peptide uptake and peptide degradation. We argue that an unbalance in the regulation of amino acid levels as a result of these gene mutations may drive the accumulation and secretion of these amino acids. This biosensing system tackles the problem of selection for overproduction of secreted molecules, which requires the coupling of the product to the producing cell in the droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan A. Hernandez-Valdes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe aan de Stegge
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Hermans
- Analytical Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Teunis
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke J. van Tatenhove-Pel
- Systems Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Teusink
- Systems Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Herwig Bachmann
- Systems Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- NIZO Food Research, Kernhemseweg 2, 6718, ZB, Ede, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Zhou D, Jing T, Chen Y, Wang F, Qi D, Feng R, Xie J, Li H. Deciphering microbial diversity associated with Fusarium wilt-diseased and disease-free banana rhizosphere soil. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:161. [PMID: 31299891 PMCID: PMC6626388 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1531-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is a typical soilborne disease, that severely devastates the banana industry worldwide, and soil microbial diversity is closely related to the spread of Fusarium wilt. To understand the relationship between microbial species and Fusarium wilt, it is important to understand the microbial diversity of the Fusarium wilt-diseased and disease-free soils from banana fields. Results Based on sequencing analysis of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, Foc abundance, fungal or bacterial richness and diversity were higher in the diseased soils than in the disease-free soils. Although Ascomycota and Zygomycota were the most abundant fungi phyla in all soil samples, Ascomycota abundance was significantly reduced in the disease-free soils. Mortierella (36.64%) was predominant in the disease-free soils. Regarding bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Bacteroidetes, Nitrospirae, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes were dominant phyla in all soil samples. In particular, Firmicutes contributed 16.20% of the total abundance of disease-free soils. At the bacterial genus level, Bacillus, Lactococcus and Pseudomonas were abundant in disease-free soils with abundances of 8.20, 5.81 and 2.71%, respectively; lower abundances, of 4.12, 2.35 and 1.36%, respectively, were found in diseased soils. The distribution characteristics of fungal and bacterial genera may contribute to the abundance decrease of Foc in the disease-free soils. Conclusion Unique distributions of bacteria and fungi were observed in the diseased and disease-free soil samples from banana fields. These specific genera are useful for constructing a healthy microbial community structure of soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbo Zhou
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Tao Jing
- Haikou Experimental Station, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dengfeng Qi
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Renjun Feng
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Huaping Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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García-Cano I, Rocha-Mendoza D, Ortega-Anaya J, Wang K, Kosmerl E, Jiménez-Flores R. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy products as potential producers of lipolytic, proteolytic and antibacterial proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:5243-5257. [PMID: 31030287 PMCID: PMC6570704 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09844-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regular consumption of fermented dairy products helps maintain a healthy microbiota and prevent gut dysbiosis-linked diseases. The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in food enhance the digestibility of proteins, moderate the release of fatty acids, and support human health through inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. These desirable properties of LAB are attributed, in part, to their metabolic processes involving enzymes such as lipases, proteases, and antibacterial proteins. The LAB strains presenting higher enzymatic activities may offer improved functionality for applications in foods. The first aim of this work was to isolate and identify LAB from diverse dairy products and select those with enhanced enzymatic activities. Secondly, this work aimed to investigate the subcellular organization and identity of these enzymes after semi-purification. Out of the total 137 LAB strains isolated and screened, 50.3% and 61.3% of the strains exhibited lipolytic and proteolytic activities, respectively. Seven strains displaying high enzymatic activities were selected and further characterized for the cellular organization of their lipases, proteases, and antibacterial proteins. The lipolytic and proteolytic activities were exhibited predominantly in the extracellular fraction; whereas, the antibacterial activities were found in various cellular fractions and were capable of inhibiting common undesirable microorganisms in foods. In total, two lipases, seven proteases, and three antibacterial proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS. Characterization of LAB strains with high enzymatic activity has potential biotechnological significance in fermentative processes and in human health as they may improve the physicochemical characteristics of foods and displace strains with weaker enzymatic activities in the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel García-Cano
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Diana Rocha-Mendoza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Joana Ortega-Anaya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Karen Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Erica Kosmerl
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Parker Food Science and Technology Building, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Kok J, van Gijtenbeek LA, de Jong A, van der Meulen SB, Solopova A, Kuipers OP. The Evolution of gene regulation research in Lactococcus lactis. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:S220-S243. [PMID: 28830093 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a major microbe. This lactic acid bacterium (LAB) is used worldwide in the production of safe, healthy, tasteful and nutritious milk fermentation products. Its huge industrial importance has led to an explosion of research on the organism, particularly since the early 1970s. The upsurge in the research on L. lactis coincided not accidentally with the advent of recombinant DNA technology in these years. The development of methods to take out and re-introduce DNA in L. lactis, to clone genes and to mutate the chromosome in a targeted way, to control (over)expression of proteins and, ultimately, the availability of the nucleotide sequence of its genome and the use of that information in transcriptomics and proteomics research have enabled to peek deep into the functioning of the organism. Among many other things, this has provided an unprecedented view of the major gene regulatory pathways involved in nitrogen and carbon metabolism and their overlap, and has led to the blossoming of the field of L. lactis systems biology. All of these advances have made L. lactis the paradigm of the LAB. This review will deal with the exciting path along which the research on the genetics of and gene regulation in L. lactis has trodden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kok
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lieke A van Gijtenbeek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd B van der Meulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ana Solopova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
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Azizan KA, Ressom HW, Mendoza ER, Baharum SN. 13C based proteinogenic amino acid (PAA) and metabolic flux ratio analysis of Lactococcus lactis reveals changes in pentose phosphate (PP) pathway in response to agitation and temperature related stresses. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3451. [PMID: 28695065 PMCID: PMC5501154 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363 is an important starter culture for dairy fermentation. During industrial fermentations, L. lactis is constantly exposed to stresses that affect the growth and performance of the bacterium. Although the response of L. lactis to several stresses has been described, the adaptation mechanisms at the level of in vivo fluxes have seldom been described. To gain insights into cellular metabolism, 13C metabolic flux analysis and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to measure the flux ratios of active pathways in the central metabolism of L. lactis when subjected to three conditions varying in temperature (30°C, 37°C) and agitation (with and without agitation at 150 rpm). Collectively, the concentrations of proteinogenic amino acids (PAAs) and free fatty acids (FAAs) were compared, and Pearson correlation analysis (r) was calculated to measure the pairwise relationship between PAAs. Branched chain and aromatic amino acids, threonine, serine, lysine and histidine were correlated strongly, suggesting changes in flux regulation in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, malic enzyme and anaplerotic reaction catalysed by pyruvate carboxylase (pycA). Flux ratio analysis revealed that glucose was mainly converted by glycolysis, highlighting the stability of L. lactis’ central carbon metabolism despite different conditions. Higher flux ratios through oxaloacetate (OAA) from pyruvate (PYR) reaction in all conditions suggested the activation of pyruvate carboxylate (pycA) in L. lactis, in response to acid stress during exponential phase. Subsequently, more significant flux ratio differences were seen through the oxidative and non-oxidative pentose phosphate (PP) pathways, malic enzyme, and serine and C1 metabolism, suggesting NADPH requirements in response to environmental stimuli. These reactions could play an important role in optimization strategies for metabolic engineering in L. lactis. Overall, the integration of systematic analysis of amino acids and flux ratio analysis provides a systems-level understanding of how L. lactis regulates central metabolism under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalrul Azlan Azizan
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Habtom W Ressom
- Departments of Oncology, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Eduardo R Mendoza
- Institute of Mathematics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Membrane Biochemistry Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Planegg, Germany
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Laroute V, Tormo H, Couderc C, Mercier-Bonin M, Le Bourgeois P, Cocaign-Bousquet M, Daveran-Mingot ML. From Genome to Phenotype: An Integrative Approach to Evaluate the Biodiversity of Lactococcus lactis. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5020027. [PMID: 28534821 PMCID: PMC5488098 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is one of the most extensively used lactic acid bacteria for the manufacture of dairy products. Exploring the biodiversity of L. lactis is extremely promising both to acquire new knowledge and for food and health-driven applications. L. lactis is divided into four subspecies: lactis, cremoris, hordniae and tructae, but only subsp. lactis and subsp. cremoris are of industrial interest. Due to its various biotopes, Lactococcus subsp. lactis is considered the most diverse. The diversity of L. lactis subsp. lactis has been assessed at genetic, genomic and phenotypic levels. Multi-Locus Sequence Type (MLST) analysis of strains from different origins revealed that the subsp. lactis can be classified in two groups: “domesticated” strains with low genetic diversity, and “environmental” strains that are the main contributors of the genetic diversity of the subsp. lactis. As expected, the phenotype investigation of L. lactis strains reported here revealed highly diverse carbohydrate metabolism, especially in plant- and gut-derived carbohydrates, diacetyl production and stress survival. The integration of genotypic and phenotypic studies could improve the relevance of screening culture collections for the selection of strains dedicated to specific functions and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Laroute
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Hélène Tormo
- Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaire, équipe Agroalimentaire et Nutrition, Université de Toulouse, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
| | - Christel Couderc
- Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaire, équipe Agroalimentaire et Nutrition, Université de Toulouse, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
| | - Muriel Mercier-Bonin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Pascal Le Bourgeois
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France.
- Université de Toulouse III, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Marie-Line Daveran-Mingot
- LISBP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRA, INSA, Toulouse, France.
- Université de Toulouse III, Université Paul Sabatier, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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Alegría Á, González P, Delgado S, Flórez AB, Hernández-Barranco AM, Rodríguez A, Mayo B. Characterisation of the technological behaviour of mixtures of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional cheeses made of raw milk without added starters. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Alegría
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Pablo González
- Departamento de Tecnología y Biotecnología; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Ana María Hernández-Barranco
- Servicios Científico-Técnicos; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Departamento de Tecnología y Biotecnología; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica; Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA-CSIC); Paseo Río Linares s/n 33300 Villaviciosa Asturias Spain
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Correlation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Genotypes and Carbohydrate Utilization Signatures Determined by Phenotype Profiling. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5458-70. [PMID: 26048937 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00851-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a bacterial species commonly colonizing the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and also frequently used in food products. While some strains have been studied extensively, physiological variability among isolates of the species found in healthy humans or their diet is largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity of carbohydrate utilization capabilities of human isolates and food-derived strains of L. rhamnosus in relation to their niche of isolation and genotype. We investigated the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of 25 out of 65 L. rhamnosus strains from various niches, mainly human feces and fermented dairy products. Genetic fingerprinting of the strains by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) identified 11 distinct subgroups at 70% similarity and suggested niche enrichment within particular genetic clades. High-resolution carbohydrate utilization profiling (OmniLog) identified 14 carbon sources that could be used by all of the strains tested for growth, while the utilization of 58 carbon sources differed significantly between strains, enabling the stratification of L. rhamnosus strains into three metabolic clusters that partially correlate with the genotypic clades but appear uncorrelated with the strain's origin of isolation. Draft genome sequences of 8 strains were generated and employed in a gene-trait matching (GTM) analysis together with the publicly available genomes of L. rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) and HN001 for several carbohydrates that were distinct for the different metabolic clusters: l-rhamnose, cellobiose, l-sorbose, and α-methyl-d-glucoside. From the analysis, candidate genes were identified that correlate with l-sorbose and α-methyl-d-glucoside utilization, and the proposed function of these genes could be confirmed by heterologous expression in a strain lacking the genes. This study expands our insight into the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the species L. rhamnosus and explores the relationships between specific carbohydrate utilization capacities and genotype and/or niche adaptation of this species.
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Pogačić T, Maillard MB, Leclerc A, Hervé C, Chuat V, Yee AL, Valence F, Thierry A. A methodological approach to screen diverse cheese-related bacteria for their ability to produce aroma compounds. Food Microbiol 2015; 46:145-153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Transcription profiling of interactions between Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 and Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 334 during Cheddar cheese simulation. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 178:76-86. [PMID: 24674930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The starter cultures (Lactococcus sp.) and non-starter lactic acid bacteria (mostly Lactobacillus spp.) are essential to flavor development of Cheddar cheese. The aim of this study was to elucidate the transcriptional interaction between Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 and Lactobacillus paracasei ATCC 334 in mixed cultures during simulated Cheddar cheese manufacture (Pearce activity test) and ripening (slurry). Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to quantify the expression of 34 genes common to both bacteria and for eight genes specific to either L. lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 or L. paracasei ATCC 334. The multifactorial analysis (MFA) performed on fold change results for each gene revealed that the genes linked to stress, protein and peptide degradation as well as carbohydrate metabolism of L. paracasei ATCC 334 were especially overexpressed in mixed culture with L. lactis subsp. cremoris SK11 during the ripening simulation. For L. lactis subsp. cremoris SK11, genes coding for amino acid metabolism were more expressed during the cheese manufacture simulation, especially in single culture. These results show how complementary functions of starter and NSLAB contribute to activities useful for flavor development.
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