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Inglis GD, Teixeira JS, Boras VF. Comparative prevalence and diversity of Campylobacter jejuni strains in water and human beings over a 1-year period in southwestern Alberta, Canada. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:851-863. [PMID: 34233129 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2021-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from diarrheic people, river water (Oldman River watershed), wastewater, and drinking water over a 1-year period in southwestern Alberta (2008-2009). High rates of campylobacteriosis were observed during the study period (≥115 cases/100K). Infections occurred throughout the year, with a peak in late summer and early autumn. The majority of infections occurred in people living in Lethbridge. Campylobacter jejuni was not isolated from municipal drinking water. In contrast, the bacterium was isolated from untreated and treated wastewater, and river water (all sites). There were no correlations between C. jejuni recovery/detection from water and river flow rates, water turbidity, or fecal coliforms. Campylobacter jejuni recovery from water did not correspond with the peak periods of campylobacteriosis. The bacterium was most commonly isolated downstream of wastewater outfalls; waterfowl congregated at these sites, particularly during the winter months. A comparison of subtypes from people and water revealed that the vast majority of subtypes in water did not correspond to subtypes recovered from diarrheic people, and were linked to waterfowl and other non-human animal sources. We conclude that water-borne C. jejuni did not contribute significantly to the high rates of campylobacteriosis observed in people during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Douglas Inglis
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403-1st Avenue S, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1J 4B1;
| | - Januana S Teixeira
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada;
| | - Valerie F Boras
- Chinook Regional Hospital, 89546, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada;
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2
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Phiri BJ, French NP, Biggs PJ, Stevenson MA, Reynolds AD, Garcia-R JC, Hayman DTS. Microbial contamination in drinking water at public outdoor recreation facilities in New Zealand. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:302-312. [PMID: 32639595 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of our study was to assess the presence and risk of waterborne pathogens in the drinking water of outdoor facilities in New Zealand and track potential sources of microbial contamination in water sources. METHODS AND RESULTS A serial cross-sectional study with a risk-based sample collection strategy was conducted at 15 public campgrounds over two summer seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). Drinking water supplied to these campgrounds was not compliant with national standards, based on Escherichia coli as an indicator organism, in more than half of the sampling occasions. Campylobacter contamination of drinking water at the campgrounds was likely to be of wild bird origin. Faecal samples from rails (pukeko and weka) were 35 times more likely to return a Campylobacter-positive result compared to passerines. Water treatment using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or a combination of filtration and UV irradiation or chemicals was more likely to result in water that was compliant with the national standards than water from a tap without any treatment. The use of filters alone was not associated with the likelihood of compliance. CONCLUSIONS Providing microbiologically safe drinking water at outdoor recreational facilities is imperative to avoid gastroenteritis outbreaks. This requires an in-depth understanding of potential sources of contamination in drinking water sources and the installation of adequate water treatment facilities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study provides evidence that drinking water without treatment or filter-only treatment in public campgrounds is unlikely to comply with national standards for human consumption and extra water treatment measures such as UV irradiation or chemical treatment are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Phiri
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N P French
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - P J Biggs
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - M A Stevenson
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, Australia
| | - A D Reynolds
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J C Garcia-R
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - D T S Hayman
- mEpiLab, Hopkirk Research Institute, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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3
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Bloomfield S, Wilkinson D, Rogers L, Biggs P, French N, Mohan V, Savoian M, Venter P, Midwinter A. Campylobacter novaezeelandiae sp. nov., isolated from birds and water in New Zealand. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:3775-3784. [PMID: 32501787 PMCID: PMC7395618 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six isolates of Campylobacter with similar non-standard colonial morphologies were identified during studies isolating Campylobacter from bird faeces and rivers in New Zealand. Genomic (16S rRNA gene sequencing and whole genome analysis) and phenotypic (MALDI-TOF analysis and conventional biochemical tests) showed that the isolates form a monophyletic clade with genetic relationships to Campylobacter coli/Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter peloridis/Campylobacter amoricus. They may be distinguished from other Campylobacter by their MALDI-TOF spectral pattern, their florid α-haemolysis, their ability to grow anaerobically at 37 °C, and on 2 % NaCl nutrient agar, and their lack of hippuricase. This study shows that these isolates represent a novel species within the genus Campylobacter for which the name Campylobacter novaezeelandiae sp. nov. is proposed. The presence of C. novaezeelandiae in water may be a confounder for freshwater microbial risk assessment as they may not be pathogenic for humans. The type strain is B423bT (=NZRM 4741T=ATCC TSD-167T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bloomfield
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Present address: Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - David Wilkinson
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lynn Rogers
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Patrick Biggs
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Nigel French
- Infectious Disease Research Centre, Hopkirk Research Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Present address: New Zealand Food Safety and Science Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Vathsala Mohan
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Present address: Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Savoian
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pierre Venter
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Anne Midwinter
- Molecular Epidemiology and Public Health Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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4
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Campylobacter jejuni Strains Associated with Wild Birds and Those Causing Human Disease in Six High-Use Recreational Waterways in New Zealand. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.01228-19. [PMID: 31562175 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01228-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, has been frequently isolated from recreational rivers and streams in New Zealand, yet the public health significance of this is unknown. This study uses molecular tools to improve our understanding of the epidemiology and sources of Campylobacter in recreational waterways, with a view to preventing human infection. Epidemiological and microbiological data were collected between 2005 and 2009 from six high-use recreational waterways in the Manawatu-Wanganui region of the North Island. Campylobacter spp. and C. jejuni were isolated from 33.2% and 20.4% of 509 samples, respectively. Isolation of Campylobacter was observed in both low and high river flows. After adjusting for the confounding effects of river flow, there was a significantly higher likelihood of isolating Campylobacter in the winter month of June compared to January. A high diversity of C. jejuni multilocus sequence types was seen, with the most commonly isolated being the water rail-associated ST-2381 (19/91 isolates [20.9%]), ST-1225 (8/91 isolates [8.8%]), and ST-45 (6/91 isolates [6.6%]). The ST-2381 was found in all rivers, while the most commonly isolated ST from human cases in New Zealand, the poultry-associated strain ST-474, was isolated only in one river. Although the majority of Campylobacter sequence types identified in river water were strains associated with wild birds that are rarely associated with human disease, poultry and ruminant-associated Campylobacter strains that are found in human infection were also identified and could present a public health risk.IMPORTANCE In 2016, there was a large-scale waterborne outbreak of campylobacteriosis in New Zealand, which was estimated to have affected over 5,000 people. This highlighted the need for a greater understanding of the sources of contamination of both surface and groundwater and risks associated with exposure to both drinking and recreational water. This study reports the prevalence and population structure of Campylobacter jejuni in six recreational waters of the Manawatu-Wanganui region of New Zealand and models the relationship between Campylobacter spp. and ruminant-associated Campylobacter and the parameters "sites," "months," and "river flow." Here, we demonstrate that both low and high river flows, month of the year, and recreational sites could influence the Campylobacter isolation from recreational waters. The presence of genotypes associated with human infection allowed us to describe potential risks associated with recreational waters.
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Liao SJ, Marshall J, Hazelton ML, French NP. Extending statistical models for source attribution of zoonotic diseases: a study of campylobacteriosis. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20180534. [PMID: 30958154 PMCID: PMC6364659 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing and controlling zoonoses through the design and implementation of public health policies requires a thorough understanding of transmission pathways. Modelling jointly the epidemiological data and genetic information of microbial isolates derived from cases provides a methodology for tracing back the source of infection. In this paper, the attribution probability for human cases of campylobacteriosis for each source, conditional on the extent to which each case resides in a rural compared to urban environment, is estimated. A model that incorporates genetic data and evolutionary processes is applied alongside a newly developed genetic-free model. We show that inference from each model is comparable except for rare microbial genotypes. Further, the effect of 'rurality' may be modelled linearly on the logit scale, with increasing rurality leading to the increasing likelihood of ruminant-sourced campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih-Jing Liao
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Marshall
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Martin L. Hazelton
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nigel P. French
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- New Zealand Food Safety Science & Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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6
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Nilsson A, Johansson C, Skarp A, Kaden R, Bertilsson S, Rautelin H. Survival ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliwater isolates in lake and well water. APMIS 2018; 126:762-770. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences; Clinical Microbiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences; Clinical Microbiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Astrid Skarp
- Department of Medical Sciences; Clinical Microbiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - René Kaden
- Department of Medical Sciences; Clinical Microbiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Limnology, and Science for Life Laboratory; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Hilpi Rautelin
- Department of Medical Sciences; Clinical Microbiology; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
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Okamura M, Kaneko M, Ojima S, Sano H, Shindo J, Shirafuji H, Yamamoto S, Tanabe T, Yoshikawa Y, Hu DL. Differential Distribution of Salmonella Serovars and Campylobacter spp. Isolates in Free-Living Crows and Broiler Chickens in Aomori, Japan. Microbes Environ 2018; 33:77-82. [PMID: 29491247 PMCID: PMC5877346 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me17183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter cause foodborne enteritis mainly via the consumption of raw/undercooked contaminated poultry meat and products. Broiler flocks are primarily colonized with these bacteria; however, the underlying etiology remains unclear. The present study was conducted in order to obtain further information on the prevalence and genotypic distribution of Salmonella and Campylobacter in free-living crows and broiler flocks in a region for 2 years, thereby facilitating estimations of the potential risk of transmission of C. jejuni from crows to broiler flocks. Salmonella serovars Bredeney and Derby were isolated from 8 and 3 out of 123 captured crows, respectively, both of which are not common in broiler chickens. Campylobacter were isolated from all 89 crows tested and C. jejuni was prevalent (85 crows). Pulsed field gel electrophoresis showed broad diversity in the crow isolates of C. jejuni. However, 3 crow isolates and 2 broiler isolates showing similar banding patterns were assigned to different sequence types in multi-locus sequence typing. These results indicate that crows do not share Salmonella serovars with broilers, and harbor various genotypes of C. jejuni that differ from those of broiler flocks. Thus, our results indicate that crows are not a potential vector of these bacteria to broiler flocks in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Okamura
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Miyuki Kaneko
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Shinjiro Ojima
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Hiroki Sano
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Junji Shindo
- Laboratory of Wildlife Science, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Hiroaki Shirafuji
- Subtropical Disease Control Unit, Division of Transboundary Animal Diseases, Kyusyu Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research OrganizationChuzan, KagoshimaJapan
| | - Satomi Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Taishi Tanabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Risk and Crisis Management, Chiba Institute of ScienceChoshi, ChibaJapan
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- Laboratory of Zoonoses, Kitasato University School of Veterinary MedicineTowada, AomoriJapan
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8
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Nilsson A, Johansson C, Skarp A, Kaden R, Engstrand L, Rautelin H. Genomic and phenotypic characteristics of Swedish C. jejuni water isolates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189222. [PMID: 29216271 PMCID: PMC5720728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. Major reservoirs are warm-blooded animals, poultry in particular, but Campylobacter can also be transmitted via water. In this paper, we have taken a closer look at the biology and potential virulence of C. jejuni water isolates. Seven C. jejuni isolates from incoming surface water at water plants in Sweden were characterized with whole genome sequencing and phenotypical testing. Multi locus sequence typing analysis revealed that these isolates belonged to groups known to include both common (ST48CC) and uncommon (ST1275CC, ST683, ST793 and ST8853) human pathogens. Further genomic characterization revealed that these isolates had potential for arsenic resistance (due to presence of arsB gene in all isolates), an anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide oxidoreductase (in three isolates) and lacked the MarR-type transcriptional regulator gene rrpB (in all but one isolate) earlier shown to be involved in better survival under oxidative and aerobic stress. As putative virulence factors were concerned, there were differences between the water isolates in the presence of genes coding for cytolethal distending toxin (cdtABC), Type VI secretion system and sialylated LOS, as well as in biofilm formation. However, all isolates were motile and could adhere to and invade the human HT-29 colon cancer cell line in vitro and induce IL-8 secretion suggesting potential to infect humans. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study where C. jejuni water isolates have been characterized using whole genome sequencing and phenotypical assays. We found differences and shared traits among the isolates but also potential to infect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Astrid Skarp
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - René Kaden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hilpi Rautelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Trigui H, Lee K, Thibodeau A, Lévesque S, Mendis N, Fravalo P, Letellier A, Faucher SP. Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Responses of Campylobacter jejuni Suspended in an Artificial Freshwater Medium. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1781. [PMID: 28979243 PMCID: PMC5611540 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of campylobacteriosis in the developed world. Although most cases are caused by consumption of contaminated meat, a significant proportion is linked to ingestion of contaminated water. The differences between C. jejuni strains originating from food products and those isolated from water are poorly understood. Working under the hypothesis that water-borne C. jejuni strains are better equipped at surviving the nutrient-poor aquatic environment than food-borne strains, the present study aims to characterize these differences using outbreak strains 81116 and 81-176. Strain 81116 caused a campylobacteriosis outbreak linked to consumption of water, while strain 81-176 was linked to consumption of raw milk. CFU counts and viability assays showed that 81116 survives better than 81-176 at 4°C in a defined freshwater medium (Fraquil). Moreover, 81116 was significantly more resistant to oxidative stress and bile salt than strain 81-176 in Fraquil. To better understand the genetic response of 81116 to water, a transcriptomic profiling study was undertaken using microarrays. Compared to rich broth, strain 81116 represses genes involved in amino acid uptake and metabolism, as well as genes involved in costly biosynthetic processes such as replication, translation, flagellum synthesis and virulence in response to Fraquil. In accordance with the observed increase in stress resistance in Fraquil, 81116 induces genes involved in resistance to oxidative stress and bile salt. Interestingly, genes responsible for cell wall synthesis were also induced upon Fraquil exposure. Finally, twelve unique genes were expressed in Fraquil; however, analysis of their distribution in animal and water isolates showed that they are not uniquely and ubiquitously present in water isolates, and thus, unlikely to play a major role in adaptation to water. Our results show that some C. jejuni strains are more resilient than others, thereby challenging current water management practices. The response of 81116 to Fraquil serves as a starting point to understand the adaptation of C. jejuni to water and its subsequent transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Trigui
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Kristen Lee
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Simon Lévesque
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec (LSPQ)/Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Nilmini Mendis
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Philippe Fravalo
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Ann Letellier
- Research Chair in Meat Safety, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Montreal, Saint-HyacintheQC, Canada
| | - Sébastien P. Faucher
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
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10
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Ravel A, Hurst M, Petrica N, David J, Mutschall SK, Pintar K, Taboada EN, Pollari F. Source attribution of human campylobacteriosis at the point of exposure by combining comparative exposure assessment and subtype comparison based on comparative genomic fingerprinting. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183790. [PMID: 28837643 PMCID: PMC5570367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis is a common zoonosis with a significant burden in many countries. Its prevention is difficult because humans can be exposed to Campylobacter through various exposures: foodborne, waterborne or by contact with animals. This study aimed at attributing campylobacteriosis to sources at the point of exposure. It combined comparative exposure assessment and microbial subtype comparison with subtypes defined by comparative genomic fingerprinting (CGF). It used isolates from clinical cases and from eight potential exposure sources (chicken, cattle and pig manure, retail chicken, beef, pork and turkey meat, and surface water) collected within a single sentinel site of an integrated surveillance system for enteric pathogens in Canada. Overall, 1518 non-human isolates and 250 isolates from domestically-acquired human cases were subtyped and their subtype profiles analyzed for source attribution using two attribution models modified to include exposure. Exposure values were obtained from a concurrent comparative exposure assessment study undertaken in the same area. Based on CGF profiles, attribution was possible for 198 (79%) human cases. Both models provide comparable figures: chicken meat was the most important source (65-69% of attributable cases) whereas exposure to cattle (manure) ranked second (14-19% of attributable cases), the other sources being minor (including beef meat). In comparison with other attributions conducted at the point of production, the study highlights the fact that Campylobacter transmission from cattle to humans is rarely meat borne, calling for a closer look at local transmission from cattle to prevent campylobacteriosis, in addition to increasing safety along the chicken supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Ravel
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
- Département de pathologie et microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Matt Hurst
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicoleta Petrica
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Julie David
- Groupe de recherche en épidémiologie des zoonoses et santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven K. Mutschall
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katarina Pintar
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eduardo N. Taboada
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Lethbridge, Public Health Agency of Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank Pollari
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Diversity and relatedness of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni between farms in a dairy catchment. Epidemiol Infect 2015; 144:1406-17. [PMID: 26593403 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268815002782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the population structure, transmission and spatial relationship between genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Campylobacter jejuni, on 20 dairy farms in a defined catchment. Pooled faecal samples (n = 72) obtained from 288 calves were analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) for E. coli serotypes O26, O103, O111, O145 and O157. The number of samples positive for E. coli O26 (30/72) was high compared to E. coli O103 (7/72), O145 (3/72), O157 (2/72) and O111 (0/72). Eighteen E. coli O26 and 53 C. jejuni isolates were recovered from samples by bacterial culture. E. coli O26 and C. jejuni isolates were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. All E. coli O26 isolates could be divided into four clusters and the results indicated that E. coli O26 isolates recovered from calves on the same farm were more similar than isolates recovered from different farms in the catchment. There were 11 different sequence types of C. jejuni isolated from the cattle and 22 from water. An analysis of the population structure of C. jejuni isolated from cattle provided evidence of clustering of genotypes within farms, and among groups of farms separated by road boundaries.
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12
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Kaakoush NO, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Mitchell HM, Man SM. Global Epidemiology of Campylobacter Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015; 28:687-720. [PMID: 26062576 PMCID: PMC4462680 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00006-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 863] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. The incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. The dramatic increase in North America, Europe, and Australia is alarming, and data from parts of Africa, Asia, and the Middle East indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. In addition to C. jejuni, there is increasing recognition of the clinical importance of emerging Campylobacter species, including Campylobacter concisus and Campylobacter ureolyticus. Poultry is a major reservoir and source of transmission of campylobacteriosis to humans. Other risk factors include consumption of animal products and water, contact with animals, and international travel. Strategic implementation of multifaceted biocontrol measures to reduce the transmission of this group of pathogens is paramount for public health. Overall, campylobacteriosis is still one of the most important infectious diseases that is likely to challenge global health in the years to come. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology, transmission, and clinical relevance of Campylobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem O Kaakoush
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hazel M Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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Sheppard SK, Maiden MCJ. The evolution of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2015; 7:a018119. [PMID: 26101080 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The global significance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli as gastrointestinal human pathogens has motivated numerous studies to characterize their population biology and evolution. These bacteria are a common component of the intestinal microbiota of numerous bird and mammal species and cause disease in humans, typically via consumption of contaminated meat products, especially poultry meat. Sequence-based molecular typing methods, such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), have been instructive for understanding the epidemiology and evolution of these bacteria and how phenotypic variation relates to the high degree of genetic structuring in C. coli and C. jejuni populations. Here, we describe aspects of the relatively short history of coevolution between humans and pathogenic Campylobacter, by reviewing research investigating how mutation and lateral or horizontal gene transfer (LGT or HGT, respectively) interact to create the observed population structure. These genetic changes occur in a complex fitness landscape with divergent ecologies, including multiple host species, which can lead to rapid adaptation, for example, through frame-shift mutations that alter gene expression or the acquisition of novel genetic elements by HGT. Recombination is a particularly strong evolutionary force in Campylobacter, leading to the emergence of new lineages and even large-scale genome-wide interspecies introgression between C. jejuni and C. coli. The increasing availability of large genome datasets is enhancing understanding of Campylobacter evolution through the application of methods, such as genome-wide association studies, but MLST-derived clonal complex designations remain a useful method for describing population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K Sheppard
- College of Medicine, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
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Kwan PSL, Xavier C, Santovenia M, Pruckler J, Stroika S, Joyce K, Gardner T, Fields PI, McLaughlin J, Tauxe RV, Fitzgerald C. Multilocus sequence typing confirms wild birds as the source of a Campylobacter outbreak associated with the consumption of raw peas. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:4540-6. [PMID: 24837383 PMCID: PMC4148789 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00537-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
From August to September 2008, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted the Alaska Division of Public Health with an outbreak investigation of campylobacteriosis occurring among the residents of Southcentral Alaska. During the investigation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from human, raw pea, and wild bird fecal samples confirmed the epidemiologic link between illness and the consumption of raw peas contaminated by sandhill cranes for 15 of 43 epidemiologically linked human isolates. However, an association between the remaining epidemiologically linked human infections and the pea and wild bird isolates was not established. To better understand the molecular epidemiology of the outbreak, C. jejuni isolates (n=130; 59 from humans, 40 from peas, and 31 from wild birds) were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Here we present the molecular evidence to demonstrate the association of many more human C.jejuni infections associated with the outbreak with raw peas and wild bird feces. Among all sequence types (STs) identified, 26 of 39 (67%) were novel and exclusive to the outbreak. Five clusters of overlapping STs (n=32 isolates; 17 from humans, 2 from peas, and 13 from wild birds) were identified. In particular, cluster E (n=7 isolates; ST-5049) consisted of isolates from humans,peas, and wild birds. Novel STs clustered closely with isolates typically associated with wild birds and the environment but distinct from lineages commonly seen in human infections. Novel STs and alleles recovered from human outbreak isolates allowed additional infections caused by these rare genotypes to be attributed to the contaminated raw peas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S. L. Kwan
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Catherine Xavier
- Alaska State Public Health Laboratories, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Monica Santovenia
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Janet Pruckler
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steven Stroika
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kevin Joyce
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tracie Gardner
- Epidemic Intelligence Service Assigned to the State of Alaska Section of Epidemiology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Patricia I. Fields
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Joe McLaughlin
- Alaska State Public Health Laboratories, Division of Public Health, Alaska Department of Health and Social Services, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
| | - Robert V. Tauxe
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Collette Fitzgerald
- Enteric Diseases Laboratory Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Ramonaite S, Kudirkiene E, Tamuleviciene E, Leviniene G, Malakauskas A, Gölz G, Alter T, Malakauskas M. Prevalence and genotypes of Campylobacter jejuni from urban environmental sources in comparison with clinical isolates from children. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:1205-1213. [PMID: 24987101 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.072892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in potential contamination sources that are not regularly monitored such as free-living urban pigeons and crows, dogs, cats and urban environmental water and to assess the possible impact on the epidemiology of campylobacteriosis in children using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 36.2 % of faecal samples of free-living urban birds and in 40.4 % of environmental water samples. A low prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was detected in dogs and cats, with 7.9 and 9.1 %, respectively. Further identification of isolates revealed that environmental water and pet samples were mostly contaminated by other Campylobacter spp. than C. jejuni, whereas C. jejuni was the most prevalent species in faecal samples of free-living birds (35.4 %). This species was the dominant cause of campylobacteriosis in children (91.5 %). In addition, the diversity of C. jejuni MLST types in free-living birds and children was investigated. Clonal complex (CC) 179 was predominant among free-living urban birds; however, only two isolates from children were assigned to this CC. One dog and one child isolate were assigned to the same clonal complex (CC48) and sequence type (ST) 918. The dominant two clonal complexes among the child clinical isolates (CC353 and CC21) were not detected among C. jejuni strains isolated from environmental sources examined in this study. As only two CCs were shared by environmental and child C. jejuni isolates and a high number of novel alleles and STs were found in C. jejuni isolated from free-living urban birds and environmental water, there is probably only a limited link between urban environmental sources and campylobacteriosis in children, particularly in rather cold climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigita Ramonaite
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas LT-47181, Lithuania
| | - Egle Kudirkiene
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Stigbojlen 4, 1780 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas LT-47181, Lithuania
| | - Egle Tamuleviciene
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, Kaunas, LT 44307
| | - Giedra Leviniene
- Clinic of Children Diseases, Medicine Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus g. 9, Kaunas, LT 44307
| | - Alvydas Malakauskas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas LT-47181, Lithuania
| | - Greta Gölz
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Alter
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 69, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mindaugas Malakauskas
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės str.18, Kaunas LT-47181, Lithuania
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Lévesque S, Fournier E, Carrier N, Frost E, Arbeit RD, Michaud S. Campylobacteriosis in urban versus rural areas: a case-case study integrated with molecular typing to validate risk factors and to attribute sources of infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83731. [PMID: 24386265 PMCID: PMC3873381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infection is a leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and most clinical cases appear as isolated, sporadic infections for which the source is rarely apparent. From July 2005 to December 2007 we conducted a prospective case-case study of sporadic, domestically-acquired Campylobacter enteritis in rural versus urban areas and a prevalence study of Campylobacter in animal and environmental sources in the Eastern Townships, Quebec. Isolates were typed using Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) to reinforce the case-case findings and to assign a source probability estimate for each human isolate. The risk of human campylobacteriosis was 1.89-fold higher in rural than urban areas. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis identified two independent risk factors associated with human Campylobacter infections acquired in rural area: occupational exposure to animals (OR = 10.6, 95% CI: 1.2–91, p = 0.032), and household water coming from a private well (OR = 8.3, 95% CI: 3.4–20.4, p<0.0001). A total of 851 C. jejuni isolates (178 human, 257 chicken, 87 bovine, 266 water, 63 wild bird) were typed using MLST. Among human isolates, the incidence rates of clonal complexes (CC) CC-21, CC-45, and CC-61 were higher in rural than urban areas. MLST-based source attribution analysis indicated that 64.5% of human C. jejuni isolates were attributable to chicken, followed by cattle (25.8%), water (7.4%), and wild birds (2.3%). Chicken was the attributable source for the majority of cases, independent of residential area, sex and age. The increased incidence in rural compared to urban areas was associated with occupational exposure to animals, particularly cattle among those aged 15–34 years, and with consumption of private well water. Both bovine and water exposure appeared to contribute to the seasonal variation in campylobacteriosis. These results provide a basis for developing public education and preventive programs targeting the risk factors identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lévesque
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Fournier
- Laboratoire de santé publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Carrier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique Étienne-Le Bel du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert D. Arbeit
- Infectious Diseases Section, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sophie Michaud
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Mohan V, Stevenson M, Marshall J, Fearnhead P, Holland BR, Hotter G, French NP. Campylobacter jejuni colonization and population structure in urban populations of ducks and starlings in New Zealand. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:659-73. [PMID: 23873654 PMCID: PMC3831628 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and the population structure of C. jejuni in European starlings and ducks cohabiting multiple public access sites in an urban area of New Zealand. The country's geographical isolation and relatively recent history of introduction of wild bird species, including the European starling and mallard duck, create an ideal setting to explore the impact of geographical separation on the population biology of C. jejuni, as well as potential public health implications. A total of 716 starling and 720 duck fecal samples were collected and screened for C. jejuni over a 12 month period. This study combined molecular genotyping, population genetics and epidemiological modeling and revealed: (i) higher Campylobacter spp. isolation in starlings (46%) compared with ducks (30%), but similar isolation of C. jejuni in ducks (23%) and starlings (21%), (ii) significant associations between the isolation of Campylobacter spp. and host species, sampling location and time of year using logistic regression, (iii) evidence of population differentiation, as indicated by FST, and host-genotype association with clonal complexes CC ST-177 and CC ST-682 associated with starlings, and clonal complexes CC ST-1034, CC ST-692, and CC ST-1332 associated with ducks, and (iv) greater genetic diversity and genotype richness in ducks compared with starlings. These findings provide evidence that host-associated genotypes, such as the starling-associated ST-177 and ST-682, represent lineages that were introduced with the host species in the 19th century. The isolation of sequence types associated with human disease in New Zealand indicate that wild ducks and starlings need to be considered as a potential public health risk, particularly in urban areas. We applied molecular epidemiology and population genetics to obtain insights in to the population structure, host-species relationships, gene flow and evolution of Campylobacter jejuni in urban ducks and starlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vathsala Mohan
- mEpiLab, Infectious Disease Research Centre, Institute of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Colles FM, Maiden MCJ. Campylobacter sequence typing databases: applications and future prospects. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:2695-2709. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.062000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. M. Colles
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - M. C. J. Maiden
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
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Application of molecular epidemiology to understanding campylobacteriosis in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:1253-66. [PMID: 22906314 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotypes of Campylobacter isolates from 603 human patients were compared with 485 isolates from retail offal (primarily chicken and lamb) to identify temporal clusters and possible sources of campylobacteriosis. Detailed epidemiological information was collected from 364 of the patients, and when combined with genotyping data allowed a putative transmission pathway of campylobacteriosis to be assigned for 88% of patients. The sources of infection were 47% food, 28% direct animal contact, 7% overseas travel, 4% person-to-person transmission and 3% water-related. A significant summer increase in campylobacteriosis cases was primarily attributed to an increase in food-related cases. Genotyping of isolates was essential for identifying the likely cause of infection for individuals. However, a more rapid and cheaper typing tool for Campylobacter is needed, which if applied to human and animal isolates on a routine basis could advance greatly our understanding of the ongoing problem of Campylobacter infection in New Zealand.
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de Haan CPA, Lampén K, Corander J, Hänninen ML. Multilocus Sequence Types of EnvironmentalCampylobacter jejuniIsolates and their Similarities to those of Human, Poultry and BovineC. jejuniIsolates. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 60:125-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01525.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Use of amplified-fragment length polymorphism to study the ecology of Campylobacter jejuni in environmental water and to predict multilocus sequence typing clonal complexes. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:2470-3. [PMID: 22267674 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06527-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the genetic variability among water isolates of Campylobacter jejuni by using amplified-fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Across a highly diverse collection of isolates, AFLP clusters did not correlate with MLST clonal complexes, suggesting that AFLP is not reliable for deciphering population genetic relationships and may be problematic for larger epidemiologic analyses.
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Muellner P, Marshall J, Spencer S, Noble A, Shadbolt T, Collins-Emerson J, Midwinter A, Carter P, Pirie R, Wilson D, Campbell D, Stevenson M, French N. Utilizing a combination of molecular and spatial tools to assess the effect of a public health intervention. Prev Vet Med 2011; 102:242-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Colles FM, Ali JS, Sheppard SK, McCarthy ND, Maiden MCJ. Campylobacter populations in wild and domesticated Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2011; 3:574-580. [PMID: 22164198 PMCID: PMC3229703 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-2229.2011.00265.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Identifying the Campylobacter genotypes that colonize farmed and wild ducks will help to assess the proportion of human disease that is potentially attributable to the consumption of duck meat and environmental exposure to duck faeces. Comparison of temporally and geographically matched farmed and wild ducks showed that they had different Campylobacter populations in terms of: (i) prevalence, (ii) Campylobacter species and (iii) diversity of genotypes. Furthermore, 92.4% of Campylobacter isolates from farmed ducks were sequence types (STs) commonly associated with human disease, in contrast to just one isolate from the wild ducks. Only one ST, ST-45, was shared between the two sources, accounting for 0.9% of wild duck isolates and 5% of farmed duck isolates. These results indicate that domestic 'niche' as well as host type may affect the distribution of Campylobacter, and that husbandry practises associated with intensive agriculture may be involved in generating a reservoir of human disease associated lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances M Colles
- The Department of Zoology, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Jan S Ali
- The Department of Zoology, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Department of Zoology, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Noel D McCarthy
- The Department of Zoology, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Martin C J Maiden
- The Department of Zoology, University of OxfordSouth Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
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Assigning the source of human campylobacteriosis in New Zealand: a comparative genetic and epidemiological approach. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2009; 9:1311-9. [PMID: 19778636 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Integrated surveillance of infectious multi-source diseases using a combination of epidemiology, ecology, genetics and evolution can provide a valuable risk-based approach for the control of important human pathogens. This includes a better understanding of transmission routes and the impact of human activities on the emergence of zoonoses. Until recently New Zealand had extraordinarily high and increasing rates of notified human campylobacteriosis, and our limited understanding of the source of these infections was hindering efforts to control this disease. Genetic and epidemiological modeling of a 3-year dataset comprising multilocus sequence typed isolates from human clinical cases, coupled with concurrent data on food and environmental sources, enabled us to estimate the relative importance of different sources of human disease. Our studies provided evidence that poultry was the leading cause of human campylobacteriosis in New Zealand, causing an estimated 58-76% of cases with widely varying contributions by individual poultry suppliers. These findings influenced national policy and, after the implementation of poultry industry-specific interventions, a dramatic decline in human notified cases was observed in 2008. The comparative-modeling and molecular sentinel surveillance approach proposed in this study provides new opportunities for the management of zoonotic diseases.
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