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Ullrich SR, Fuchs H, Schlömann M. Shedding light on the electron transfer chain of a moderately acidophilic iron oxidizer: characterization of recombinant HiPIP-41, CytC-18 and CytC-78 derived from Ferrovum sp. PN-J47-F6. Res Microbiol 2024; 175:104088. [PMID: 37348744 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Efficient electron transfer from the donor to the acceptor couple presents a necessary requirement for acidophilic and neutrophilic iron oxidizers due to the low energy yield of aerobic ferrous iron oxidation. Involved periplasmic electron carriers are very diverse in these bacteria and show adaptations to the respective thermodynamic constraints such as a more positive redox potential reported for extreme acidophilic Acidithiobacillus spp. Respiratory chain candidates of moderately acidophilic members of the genus Ferrovum share similarities with both their neutrophilic iron oxidizing relatives and the more distantly related Acidithiobacillus spp. We examined our previous omics-based conclusions on the potential electron transfer chain in Ferrovum spp. by characterizing the three redox protein candidates CytC-18, CytC-78 and HiPIP-41 of strain PN-J47-F6 which were produced as recombinant proteins in Eschericha coli. UV/Vis-based redox assays suggested that HiPIP-41 has a very positive redox potential while redox potentials of CytC-18 and CytC-78 are more negative than their counterparts in Acidithiobacillus spp. Far Western dot blotting demonstrated interactions between all three recombinant redox proteins while redox assays showed the electron transfer from HiPIP-41 to either of the cytochromes. Altogether, CytC-18, CytC-78 and HiPIP-41 indeed represent very likely candidates of the electron transfer in Ferrovum sp. PN-J4-F6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R Ullrich
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute for Biological Sciences, Leipziger Strasse 29, Freiberg, Germany.
| | - Helena Fuchs
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute for Biological Sciences, Leipziger Strasse 29, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schlömann
- TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Institute for Biological Sciences, Leipziger Strasse 29, Freiberg, Germany
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2
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Lhotský O, Kukačka J, Slunský J, Marková K, Němeček J, Knytl V, Cajthaml T. The effects of hydraulic/pneumatic fracturing-enhanced remediation (FRAC-IN) at a site contaminated by chlorinated ethenes: A case study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 417:125883. [PMID: 33971551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A low-permeability locality with heterogeneous geology contaminated primarily by tetrachloroethene (PCE) present partially in the free phase in the unsaturated zone was treated on a pilot scale via direct push pneumatic fracturing combined with the hydraulic delivery of a remediation suspension consisting of milled iron, sulphidated nanosized zerovalent iron and sand in guar gum solution. Afterwards, a whey solution was injected into the fractures as a carbon source for bacteria. The unsaturated and saturated zones were treated. Long-term monitoring of the groundwater revealed that the abiotic reduction of PCE and trichloroethene was the dominant remediation processes for several months after the injections. A complex microbial consortium was developed that was capable of effective, long-term chlorinated ethenes (ClE) dechlorination. The consortium consisted mainly of Dehalococcoides but also of other anaerobic bacterial strains capable of partial dechlorination of ClE, including the sulphate-reducing bacteria; Geobacter and Desulfitobacterium. The average chlorine number in the groundwater decreased from 3.65 to 1.38 within 2.5 years after the injections, while the average ClE concentration increased from 13.5 to 31.5 mgL-1 because of the substantial acceleration of the ClE mass-transfer to the groundwater caused by the treatment. The remediation processes remained fully active for 2.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Lhotský
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kukačka
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Slunský
- NANO IRON, s.r.o., Topolová 933, CZ-667 01 Židlochovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Marková
- Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Němeček
- Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, CZ-461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Knytl
- DEKONTA a.s., Volutová 2523, CZ-158 00 Prague 5, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Cajthaml
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Institute of Microbiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Laroche E, Casiot C, Fernandez-Rojo L, Desoeuvre A, Tardy V, Bruneel O, Battaglia-Brunet F, Joulian C, Héry M. Dynamics of Bacterial Communities Mediating the Treatment of an As-Rich Acid Mine Drainage in a Field Pilot. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3169. [PMID: 30627121 PMCID: PMC6309452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive treatment based on iron biological oxidation is a promising strategy for Arsenic (As)-rich acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation. In the present study, we characterized by 16S rRNA metabarcoding the bacterial diversity in a field-pilot bioreactor treating extremely As-rich AMD in situ, over a 6 months monitoring period. Inside the bioreactor, the bacterial communities responsible for iron and arsenic removal formed a biofilm (“biogenic precipitate”) whose composition varied in time and space. These communities evolved from a structure at first similar to the one of the feed water used as an inoculum to a structure quite similar to the natural biofilm developing in situ in the AMD. Over the monitoring period, iron-oxidizing bacteria always largely dominated the biogenic precipitate, with distinct populations (Gallionella, Ferrovum, Leptospirillum, Acidithiobacillus, Ferritrophicum), whose relative proportions extensively varied among time and space. A spatial structuring was observed inside the trays (arranged in series) composing the bioreactor. This spatial dynamic could be linked to the variation of the physico-chemistry of the AMD water between the raw water entering and the treated water exiting the pilot. According to redundancy analysis (RDA), the following parameters exerted a control on the bacterial communities potentially involved in the water treatment process: dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, dissolved sulfates, arsenic and Fe(II) concentrations and redox potential. Appreciable arsenite oxidation occurring in the bioreactor could be linked to the stable presence of two distinct monophylogenetic groups of Thiomonas related bacteria. The ubiquity and the physiological diversity of the bacteria identified, as well as the presence of bacteria of biotechnological relevance, suggested that this treatment system could be applied to the treatment of other AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Laroche
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,BRGM, Geomicrobiology and Environmental Monitoring Unit, Orléans, France
| | - Corinne Casiot
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lidia Fernandez-Rojo
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Angélique Desoeuvre
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Vincent Tardy
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Odile Bruneel
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Catherine Joulian
- BRGM, Geomicrobiology and Environmental Monitoring Unit, Orléans, France
| | - Marina Héry
- HydroSciences Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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4
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Ullrich SR, Poehlein A, Levicán G, Mühling M, Schlömann M. Iron targeted transcriptome study draws attention to novel redox protein candidates involved in ferrous iron oxidation in “Ferrovum” sp. JA12. Res Microbiol 2018; 169:618-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Thavamani P, Samkumar RA, Satheesh V, Subashchandrabose SR, Ramadass K, Naidu R, Venkateswarlu K, Megharaj M. Microbes from mined sites: Harnessing their potential for reclamation of derelict mine sites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:495-505. [PMID: 28688926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Derelict mines pose potential risks to environmental health. Several factors such as soil structure, organic matter, and nutrient content are the greatly affected qualities in mined soils. Soil microbial communities are an important element for successful reclamation because of their major role in nutrient cycling, plant establishment, geochemical transformations, and soil formation. Yet, microorganisms generally remain an undervalued asset in mined sites. The microbial diversity in derelict mine sites consists of diverse species belonging to four key phyla: Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The activity of plant symbiotic microorganisms including root-colonizing rhizobacteria and ectomycorrhizal fungi of existing vegetation in the mined sites is very high since most of these microbes are extremophiles. This review outlines the importance of microorganisms to soil health and the rehabilitation of derelict mines and how microbial activity and diversity can be exploited to better plan the soil rehabilitation. Besides highlighting the major breakthroughs in the application of microorganisms for mined site reclamation, we provide a critical view on plant-microbiome interactions to improve revegetation at the mined sites. Also, the need has been emphasized for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of adaptation and resistance of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbes in abandoned mine sites, understanding their role in remediation, and subsequent harnessing of their potential to pave the way in future rehabilitation strategies for mined sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisami Thavamani
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Australia.
| | - R Amos Samkumar
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Viswanathan Satheesh
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | | | - Kavitha Ramadass
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - Kadiyala Venkateswarlu
- Formerly Department of Microbiology, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur 515055, India
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Sheng Y, Kaley B, Burgos WD. Enriching Acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing Bacteria in No-flow, Fed-batch Systems. Bio Protoc 2017; 7:e2130. [PMID: 34458451 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.2130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-pH microbial Fe(II) oxidation occurs naturally in some Fe(II)-rich acid mine drainage (AMD) ecosystems across so-called terraced iron formations. Indigenous acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterial communities can be incorporated into both passive and active treatments to remove Fe from the AMD solution. Here, we present a protocol of enriching acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria in no-flow, fed-batch systems. Mixed cultures of naturally occurring microbes are enriched from the fresh surface sediments at AMD sites using a chemo-static bioreactor (Eppendorf BioFlo®/Celligen® 115 Fermentor) with respect to constant stirring speed, temperature, pH and unlimited dissolved oxygen. Ferrous sulfate is discontinuously added to the reactor as the primary substrate to enrich for acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria. Successfully and efficiently enriching acidophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria helps to exploit this biogeochemical process into AMD treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.,School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bradley Kaley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - William D Burgos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
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7
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Sheng Y, Kaley B, Bibby K, Grettenberger C, Macalady JL, Wang G, Burgos WD. Bioreactors for low-pH iron(ii) oxidation remove considerable amounts of total iron. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03717a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rates of Fe(ii) oxidation in chemostatic bioreactors can be predicted based only on the influent Fe(ii) concentration and pH value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
- School of Water Resources and Environment
| | - Bradley Kaley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh
- USA
| | | | | | - Guangcai Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment
- China University of Geosciences
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - William D. Burgos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
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8
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Mühling M, Poehlein A, Stuhr A, Voitel M, Daniel R, Schlömann M. Reconstruction of the Metabolic Potential of Acidophilic Sideroxydans Strains from the Metagenome of an Microaerophilic Enrichment Culture of Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria from a Pilot Plant for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage Reveals Metabolic Versatility and Adaptation to Life at Low pH. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2082. [PMID: 28066396 PMCID: PMC5178258 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial community analyses of samples from a pilot plant for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the lignite-mining district in Lusatia (East Germany) had previously demonstrated the dominance of two groups of acidophilic iron oxidizers: the novel candidate genus "Ferrovum" and a group comprising Gallionella-like strains. Since pure culture had proven difficult, previous studies have used genome analyses of co-cultures consisting of "Ferrovum" and a strain of the heterotrophic acidophile Acidiphilium in order to obtain insight into the life style of these novel bacteria. Here we report on attempts to undertake a similar study on Gallionella-like acidophiles from AMD. Isolates belonging to the family Gallionellaceae are still restricted to the microaerophilic and neutrophilic iron oxidizers Sideroxydans and Gallionella. Availability of genomic or metagenomic sequence data of acidophilic strains of these genera should, therefore, be relevant for defining adaptive strategies in pH homeostasis. This is particularly the case since complete genome sequences of the neutrophilic strains G. capsiferriformans ES-2 and S. lithotrophicus ES-1 permit the direct comparison of the metabolic capacity of neutrophilic and acidophilic members of the same genus and, thus, the detection of biochemical features that are specific to acidophilic strains to support life under acidic conditions. Isolation attempts undertaken in this study resulted in the microaerophilic enrichment culture ADE-12-1 which, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, consisted of at least three to four distinct Gallionellaceae strains that appear to be closely related to the neutrophilic iron oxidizer S. lithotrophicus ES-1. Key hypotheses inferred from the metabolic reconstruction of the metagenomic sequence data of these acidophilic Sideroxydans strains include the putative role of urea hydrolysis, formate oxidation and cyanophycin decarboxylation in pH homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mühling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics, Laboratory Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Stuhr
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Voitel
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics, Laboratory Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
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9
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Arce-Rodríguez A, Puente-Sánchez F, Avendaño R, Libby E, Rojas L, Cambronero JC, Pieper DH, Timmis KN, Chavarría M. Pristine but metal-rich Río Sucio (Dirty River) is dominated by Gallionella and other iron-sulfur oxidizing microbes. Extremophiles 2016; 21:235-243. [PMID: 27933457 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Whether the extreme conditions of acidity and heavy metal pollution of streams and rivers originating in pyritic formations are caused primarily by mining activities or by natural activities of metal-oxidizing microbes living within the geological formations is a subject of considerable controversy. Most microbiological studies of such waters have so far focused on acid mine drainage sites, which are heavily human-impacted environments, so it has been problematic to eliminate the human factor in the question of the origin of the key metal compounds. We have studied the physico-chemistry and microbiology of the Río Sucio in the Braulio Carrillo National Park of Costa Rica, 22 km from its volcanic rock origin. Neither the remote origin, nor the length of the river to the sampling site, have experienced human activity and are thus pristine. The river water had a characteristic brownish-yellow color due to high iron-dominated minerals, was slightly acidic, and rich in chemolithoautotrophic iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, dominated by Gallionella spp. Río Sucio is thus a natural acid-rock drainage system whose metal-containing components are derived primarily from microbial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Arce-Rodríguez
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Department of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Carretera de Ajalvir Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Avendaño
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica
| | - Eduardo Libby
- Escuela de Química & Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Leonardo Rojas
- Escuela de Química & Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Juan Carlos Cambronero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Dietmar H Pieper
- Microbial Interactions and Processes Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Kenneth N Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University of Braunschweig, 38106, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, 1174-1200, Costa Rica.
- Escuela de Química & Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, Sede Central, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060, Costa Rica.
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10
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A thermophilic-like ene-reductase originating from an acidophilic iron oxidizer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:609-619. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7782-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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11
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Jones RM, Johnson DB. Iron Kinetics and Evolution of Microbial Populations in Low-pH, Ferrous Iron-Oxidizing Bioreactors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:8239-8245. [PMID: 27377871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron-rich, acidic wastewaters are commonplace pollutants associated with metal and coal mining. Continuous-flow bioreactors were commissioned and tested for their capacities to oxidize ferrous iron in synthetic and actual acid mine drainage waters using (initially) pure cultures of the recently described acidophilic, iron-oxidizing heterotrophic bacterium Acidithrix ferrooxidans grown in the presence of glucose and yeast extract. The bioreactors became rapidly colonized by this bacterium, which formed macroscopic streamer growths in the flowing waters. Over 97% of ferrous iron in pH 2.0-2.2 synthetic mine water was oxidized (at up to 225 mg L(-1) h(-1)) at dilution rates (D) of 0.6 h(-1). Rates of iron oxidation decreased with pH but were still significant, with influent liquors as low as pH 1.37. When fed with actual mine water, >90% of ferrous iron was oxidized at D values of 0.4 h(-1), and microbial communities within the bioreactors changed over time, with Atx. ferrooxidans becoming increasingly displaced by the autotrophic iron-oxidizing acidophiles Ferrovum myxofaciens, Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans, and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans (which were all indigenous to the mine water), although this did not have a negative impact on net ferrous-iron oxidation. The results confirmed the potential of using a heterotrophic acidophile to facilitate the rapid commissioning of iron-oxidizing bioreactors and illustrated how microbial communities within them can evolve without compromising the performances of the bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose M Jones
- College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University , Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - D Barrie Johnson
- College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University , Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
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12
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Sheng Y, Bibby K, Grettenberger C, Kaley B, Macalady JL, Wang G, Burgos WD. Geochemical and Temporal Influences on the Enrichment of Acidophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3611-3621. [PMID: 27084004 PMCID: PMC4959181 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00917-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Two acid mine drainage (AMD) sites in the Appalachian bituminous coal basin were selected to enrich for Fe(II)-oxidizing microbes and measure rates of low-pH Fe(II) oxidation in chemostatic bioreactors. Microbial communities were enriched for 74 to 128 days in fed-batch mode, then switched to flowthrough mode (additional 52 to 138 d) to measure rates of Fe(II) oxidation as a function of pH (2.1 to 4.2) and influent Fe(II) concentration (80 to 2,400 mg/liter). Biofilm samples were collected throughout these operations, and the microbial community structure was analyzed to evaluate impacts of geochemistry and incubation time. Alpha diversity decreased as the pH decreased and as the Fe(II) concentration increased, coincident with conditions that attained the highest rates of Fe(II) oxidation. The distribution of the seven most abundant bacterial genera could be explained by a combination of pH and Fe(II) concentration. Acidithiobacillus, Ferrovum, Gallionella, Leptospirillum, Ferrimicrobium, Acidiphilium, and Acidocella were all found to be restricted within specific bounds of pH and Fe(II) concentration. Temporal distance, defined as the cumulative number of pore volumes from the start of flowthrough mode, appeared to be as important as geochemical conditions in controlling microbial community structure. Both alpha and beta diversities of microbial communities were significantly correlated to temporal distance in the flowthrough experiments. Even after long-term operation under nearly identical geochemical conditions, microbial communities enriched from the different sites remained distinct. While these microbial communities were enriched from sites that displayed markedly different field rates of Fe(II) oxidation, rates of Fe(II) oxidation measured in laboratory bioreactors were essentially the same. These results suggest that the performance of suspended-growth bioreactors for AMD treatment may not be strongly dependent on the inoculum used for reactor startup. IMPORTANCE This study showed that different microbial communities enriched from two sites maintained distinct microbial community traits inherited from their respective seed materials. Long-term operation (up to 128 days of fed-batch enrichment followed by up to 138 days of flowthrough experiments) of these two systems did not lead to the same, or even more similar, microbial communities. However, these bioreactors did oxidize Fe(II) and remove total iron [Fe(T)] at very similar rates. These results suggest that the performance of suspended-growth bioreactors for AMD treatment may not be strongly dependent on the inoculum used for reactor startup. This would be advantageous, because system performance should be well constrained and predictable for many different sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Sheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kyle Bibby
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christen Grettenberger
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bradley Kaley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer L Macalady
- Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guangcai Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - William D Burgos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ullrich SR, González C, Poehlein A, Tischler JS, Daniel R, Schlömann M, Holmes DS, Mühling M. Gene Loss and Horizontal Gene Transfer Contributed to the Genome Evolution of the Extreme Acidophile "Ferrovum". Front Microbiol 2016; 7:797. [PMID: 27303384 PMCID: PMC4886054 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD), associated with active and abandoned mining sites, is a habitat for acidophilic microorganisms that gain energy from the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds and ferrous iron and that thrive at pH below 4. Members of the recently proposed genus “Ferrovum” are the first acidophilic iron oxidizers to be described within the Betaproteobacteria. Although they have been detected as typical community members in AMD habitats worldwide, knowledge of their phylogenetic and metabolic diversity is scarce. Genomics approaches appear to be most promising in addressing this lacuna since isolation and cultivation of “Ferrovum” has proven to be extremely difficult and has so far only been successful for the designated type strain “Ferrovum myxofaciens” P3G. In this study, the genomes of two novel strains of “Ferrovum” (PN-J185 and Z-31) derived from water samples of a mine water treatment plant were sequenced. These genomes were compared with those of “Ferrovum” sp. JA12 that also originated from the mine water treatment plant, and of the type strain (P3G). Phylogenomic scrutiny suggests that the four strains represent three “Ferrovum” species that cluster in two groups (1 and 2). Comprehensive analysis of their predicted metabolic pathways revealed that these groups harbor characteristic metabolic profiles, notably with respect to motility, chemotaxis, nitrogen metabolism, biofilm formation and their potential strategies to cope with the acidic environment. For example, while the “F. myxofaciens” strains (group 1) appear to be motile and diazotrophic, the non-motile group 2 strains have the predicted potential to use a greater variety of fixed nitrogen sources. Furthermore, analysis of their genome synteny provides first insights into their genome evolution, suggesting that horizontal gene transfer and genome reduction in the group 2 strains by loss of genes encoding complete metabolic pathways or physiological features contributed to the observed diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R Ullrich
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
| | - Carolina González
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Depto. de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres BelloSantiago, Chile; Bio-Computing and Applied Genetics Division, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Center for Systems BiotechnologySantiago, Chile
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August Universität Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith S Tischler
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August Universität Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
| | - David S Holmes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Fundación Ciencia & Vida and Depto. de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andres Bello Santiago, Chile
| | - Martin Mühling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg Freiberg, Germany
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Ullrich SR, Poehlein A, Tischler JS, González C, Ossandon FJ, Daniel R, Holmes DS, Schlömann M, Mühling M. Genome Analysis of the Biotechnologically Relevant Acidophilic Iron Oxidising Strain JA12 Indicates Phylogenetic and Metabolic Diversity within the Novel Genus "Ferrovum". PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146832. [PMID: 26808278 PMCID: PMC4725956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Members of the genus “Ferrovum” are ubiquitously distributed in acid mine drainage (AMD) waters which are characterised by their high metal and sulfate loads. So far isolation and microbiological characterisation have only been successful for the designated type strain “Ferrovum myxofaciens” P3G. Thus, knowledge about physiological characteristics and the phylogeny of the genus “Ferrovum” is extremely scarce. Objective In order to access the wider genetic pool of the genus “Ferrovum” we sequenced the genome of a “Ferrovum”-containing mixed culture and successfully assembled the almost complete genome sequence of the novel “Ferrovum” strain JA12. Phylogeny and Lifestyle The genome-based phylogenetic analysis indicates that strain JA12 and the type strain represent two distinct “Ferrovum” species. “Ferrovum” strain JA12 is characterised by an unusually small genome in comparison to the type strain and other iron oxidising bacteria. The prediction of nutrient assimilation pathways suggests that “Ferrovum” strain JA12 maintains a chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle utilising carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, ammonium and urea, sulfate, phosphate and ferrous iron as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous and energy sources, respectively. Unique Metabolic Features The potential utilisation of urea by “Ferrovum” strain JA12 is moreover remarkable since it may furthermore represent a strategy among extreme acidophiles to cope with the acidic environment. Unlike other acidophilic chemolithoautotrophs “Ferrovum” strain JA12 exhibits a complete tricarboxylic acid cycle, a metabolic feature shared with the closer related neutrophilic iron oxidisers among the Betaproteobacteria including Sideroxydans lithotrophicus and Thiobacillus denitrificans. Furthermore, the absence of characteristic redox proteins involved in iron oxidation in the well-studied acidophiles Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (rusticyanin) and Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans (iron oxidase) indicates the existence of a modified pathway in “Ferrovum” strain JA12. Therefore, the results of the present study extend our understanding of the genus “Ferrovum” and provide a comprehensive framework for future comparative genome and metagenome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R. Ullrich
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (SRU); (MM)
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Grisebachstraße 8, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith S. Tischler
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Carolina González
- Center for System Biotechnology, Bio-Computing Division and Applied Genetics Division, Fraunhofer Chile Research Foundation, Avenida Mariano Sánchez Fontecilla 310, Santiago, Chile, and Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Zañartu 1482, and Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Los Leones 745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J. Ossandon
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Zañartu 1482 and Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Los Leones 745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Georg-August-University Göttingen, Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Grisebachstraße 8, Göttingen, Germany
| | - David S. Holmes
- Center for Bioinformatics and Genome Biology, Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Zañartu 1482 and Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Avenida Los Leones 745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Martin Mühling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, Freiberg, Germany
- * E-mail: (SRU); (MM)
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15
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Ullrich SR, Poehlein A, Voget S, Hoppert M, Daniel R, Leimbach A, Tischler JS, Schlömann M, Mühling M. Permanent draft genome sequence of Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1. Stand Genomic Sci 2015; 10:56. [PMID: 26380040 PMCID: PMC4571130 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-015-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The tenacious association between strains of the heterotrophic alphaproteobacterial genus Acidiphilium and chemolithotrophic iron oxidizing bacteria has long been known. In this context the genome of the heterotroph Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1, an isolate from an iron oxidizing mixed culture derived from a pilot plant for bioremediation of acid mine drainage, was determined with the aim to reveal metabolic properties that are fundamental for the syntrophic interaction between Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 and the co-occurring chemolithoautotrophic iron oxidizer. The genome sequence consists of 4.18 Mbp on 297 contigs and harbors 4015 protein-coding genes and 50 RNA genes. Additionally, the molecular and functional organization of the Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 draft genome was compared to those of the close relatives Acidiphilium cryptum JF-5, Acidiphilium multivorum AIU301 and Acidiphilium sp. PM DSM 24941. The comparative genome analysis underlines the close relationship between these strains and the highly similar metabolic potential supports the idea that other Acidiphilium strains play a similar role in various acid mine drainage communities. Nevertheless, in contrast to other closely related strains Acidiphilium sp. JA12-A1 may be able to take up phosphonates as an additional source of phosphor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie R. Ullrich
- />Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- />Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Griesebachstr. 8, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Voget
- />Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Griesebachstr. 8, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Hoppert
- />General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- />Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Griesebachstr. 8, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Leimbach
- />Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Griesebachstr. 8, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Judith S. Tischler
- />Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schlömann
- />Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Martin Mühling
- />Institute of Biological Sciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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Huang L, Wang Q, Jiang L, Zhou P, Quan X, Logan BE. Adaptively Evolving Bacterial Communities for Complete and Selective Reduction of Cr(VI), Cu(II), and Cd(II) in Biocathode Bioelectrochemical Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9914-9924. [PMID: 26175284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have been shown to be useful in removing individual metals from solutions, but effective treatment of electroplating and mining wastewaters requires simultaneous removal of several metals in a single system. To develop multiple-reactor BESs for metals removal, biocathodes were first individually acclimated to three different metals using microbial fuel cells with Cr(VI) or Cu(II) as these metals have relatively high redox potentials, and microbial electrolysis cells for reducing Cd(II) as this metal has a more negative redox potential. The BESs were then acclimated to low concentrations of a mixture of metals, followed by more elevated concentrations. This procedure resulted in complete and selective metal reduction at rates of 1.24 ± 0.01 mg/L-h for Cr(VI), 1.07 ± 0.01 mg/L-h for Cu(II), and 0.98 ± 0.01 mg/L-h for Cd(II). These reduction rates were larger than the no adaptive controls by factors of 2.5 for Cr(VI), 2.9 for Cu(II), and 3.6 for Cd(II). This adaptive procedure produced less diverse microbial communities and changes in the microbial communities at the phylum and genus levels. These results demonstrated that bacterial communities can adaptively evolve to utilize solutions containing mixtures of metals, providing a strategy for remediating wastewaters containing Cr(VI), Cu(II), and Cd(II).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce E Logan
- §Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Wang J, Sickinger M, Ciobota V, Herrmann M, Rasch H, Rösch P, Popp J, Küsel K. Revealing the microbial community structure of clogging materials in dewatering wells differing in physico-chemical parameters in an open-cast mining area. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 63:222-233. [PMID: 25010562 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron rich deposits cause clogging the pumps and pipes of dewatering wells in open-cast mines, interfering with their function; however, little is known about either the microbial community structure or their potential role in the formation of these deposits. The microbial diversity and abundance of iron-oxidizing and -reducing bacteria were compared in pipe deposit samples with different levels of encrustation from 16 wells at three lignite mining sites. The groundwater varied in pH values from slightly acidic (4.5) to neutral (7.3), Fe(II) concentrations from 0.48 to 7.55 mM, oxygen content from 1.8 to 5.8 mg L(-1), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from 1.43 to 12.59 mg L(-1). There were high numbers of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies in deposits, up to 2.5 × 10(10) copies g(-1) wet weight. Pyrosequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes revealed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (63.3% of the total reads on average), followed by Actinobacteria (10.2%) and Chloroflexi (6.4%). Gallionella-related sequences dominated the bacterial community of pipe deposits and accounted for 48% of total sequence reads. Pipe deposits with amorphous ferrihydrite and schwertmannite mostly contained Gallionella (up to 1.51 × 10(10) 16S rRNA gene copies g(-1) wet weight), while more crystalline deposits showed a higher bacterial diversity. Surprisingly, the abundance of Gallionella was not correlated with groundwater pH, oxygen, or DOC content. Sideroxydans-related 16S rRNA gene copy numbers were one order of magnitude less than Gallionella, followed by acidophilic Ferrovum-related groups. Iron reducing bacteria were detected at rather low abundance, as was expected given the low iron reduction potential, although they could be stimulated by lactate amendment. The overall high abundance of Gallionella suggests that microbes may make major contributions to pipe deposit formation irrespective of the water geochemistry. Their iron oxidation activity might initiate the formation of amorphous iron oxides, potentially providing niches for other microorganisms later after crystallization, and leading to higher bacterial diversity along with deposit accumulation in later stages of clogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Maren Sickinger
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Valerian Ciobota
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martina Herrmann
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helfried Rasch
- Vattenfall Europe Mining AG, Vom-Stein-Straße 39, 03050 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Petra Rösch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany; Institute of Photonic Technology Jena, Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburgerstr. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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18
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Okamura K, Kawai A, Wakao N, Yamada T, Hiraishi A. Acidiphilium iwatense sp. nov., isolated from an acid mine drainage treatment plant, and emendation of the genus Acidiphilium. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 65:42-48. [PMID: 25273513 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.065052-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strains of aerobic, acidophilic, chemo-organotrophic bacteria belonging to the genus Acidiphilium were isolated from an acid mine drainage (AMD) (pH 2.2) treatment plant. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that most of the novel isolates formed a phylogenetically coherent group (designated Group Ia) distinguishable from any of the previously established species of the genus Acidiphilium at <98% similarity. This was supported by genomic DNA-DNA hybridization assays. The Group Ia isolates were characterized phenotypically by an oval cell morphology, non-motility, growth in the range pH 2.0-5.5 (optimum pH 3.5), lack of photosynthetic pigment and the presence of C19:0 cyclo ω8c as the main component of the cellular fatty acids and ubiquinone-10 as the major quinone. On the basis of these data, the name Acidiphilium iwatense sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the Group Ia isolates, and the description of the genus Acidiphilium is emended. The type strain of Acidiphilium iwatense sp. nov. is MS8(T) ( =NBRC 107608(T)=KCTC 23505(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Okamura
- Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawai
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Norio Wakao
- Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda, Morioka 020-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Akira Hiraishi
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.,Electronics-Inspired Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
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19
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Volant A, Bruneel O, Desoeuvre A, Héry M, Casiot C, Bru N, Delpoux S, Fahy A, Javerliat F, Bouchez O, Duran R, Bertin PN, Elbaz-Poulichet F, Lauga B. Diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial communities: physicochemical and other drivers along an acid mine drainage. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2014; 90:247-63. [PMID: 25070063 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the biotic and abiotic factors that control microbial community structure over time and along an environmental gradient is a pivotal question in microbial ecology. Carnoulès mine (France), which is characterized by acid waters and very high concentrations of arsenic, iron, and sulfate, provides an excellent opportunity to study these factors along the pollution gradient of Reigous Creek. To this end, biodiversity and spatiotemporal distribution of bacterial communities were characterized using T-RFLP fingerprinting and high-throughput sequencing. Patterns of spatial and temporal variations in bacterial community composition linked to changes in the physicochemical conditions suggested that species-sorting processes were at work in the acid mine drainage. Arsenic, temperature, and sulfate appeared to be the most important factors that drove the composition of bacterial communities along this continuum. Time series investigation along the pollution gradient also highlighted habitat specialization for some major members of the community (Acidithiobacillus and Thiomonas), dispersal for Acidithiobacillus, and evidence of extinction/re-thriving processes for Gallionella. Finally, pyrosequencing revealed a broader phylogenetic range of taxa than previous clone library-based diversity. Overall, our findings suggest that in addition to environmental filtering processes, additional forces (dispersal, birth/death events) could operate in AMD community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Volant
- Laboratoire HydroSciences Montpellier, HSM, UMR 5569 (IRD, CNRS, Universités Montpellier 1 et 2), Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France
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20
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Wang Y, Yasuda T, Sharmin S, Kanao T, Kamimura K. Analysis of the microbial community in moderately acidic drainage from the Yanahara pyrite mine in Japan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1274-82. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.915735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Acid rock drainage (ARD) originating from the Yasumi-ishi tunnel near the main tunnel of the Yanahara mine in Japan was characterized to be moderately acidic (pH 4.1) and contained iron at a low concentration (51 mg/L). The composition of the microbial community was determined by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes using PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The analysis of the obtained sequences showed their similarity to clones recently detected in other moderately acidic mine drainages. Uncultured bacteria related to Ferrovum- and Gallionella-like clones were dominant in the microbial community. Analyses using specific primers for acidophilic iron- or sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum spp., Acidithiobacillus caldus, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, and Sulfobacillus spp. revealed the absence of these bacteria in the microbial community in ARD from the Yasumi-ishi tunnel. Clones affiliated with a member of the order Thermoplasmatales were detected as the dominant archaea in the ARD microbial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Yasuda
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Sultana Sharmin
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Kanao
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kamimura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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21
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Brantner JS, Haake ZJ, Burwick JE, Menge CM, Hotchkiss ST, Senko JM. Depth-dependent geochemical and microbiological gradients in Fe(III) deposits resulting from coal mine-derived acid mine drainage. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:215. [PMID: 24860562 PMCID: PMC4030175 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the depth-dependent geochemistry and microbiology of sediments that have developed via the microbially-mediated oxidation of Fe(II) dissolved in acid mine drainage (AMD), giving rise to a 8–10 cm deep “iron mound” that is composed primarily of Fe(III) (hydr)oxide phases. Chemical analyses of iron mound sediments indicated a zone of maximal Fe(III) reducing bacterial activity at a depth of approximately 2.5 cm despite the availability of dissolved O2 at this depth. Subsequently, Fe(II) was depleted at depths within the iron mound sediments that did not contain abundant O2. Evaluations of microbial communities at 1 cm depth intervals within the iron mound sediments using “next generation” nucleic acid sequencing approaches revealed an abundance of phylotypes attributable to acidophilic Fe(II) oxidizing Betaproteobacteria and the chloroplasts of photosynthetic microeukaryotic organisms in the upper 4 cm of the iron mound sediments. While we observed a depth-dependent transition in microbial community structure within the iron mound sediments, phylotypes attributable to Gammaproteobacterial lineages capable of both Fe(II) oxidation and Fe(III) reduction were abundant in sequence libraries (comprising ≥20% of sequences) from all depths. Similarly, abundances of total cells and culturable Fe(II) oxidizing bacteria were uniform throughout the iron mound sediments. Our results indicate that O2 and Fe(III) reduction co-occur in AMD-induced iron mound sediments, but that Fe(II)-oxidizing activity may be sustained in regions of the sediments that are depleted in O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Brantner
- Department of Biology, The University of Akron Akron, OH, USA ; Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron Akron, OH, USA
| | - Zachary J Haake
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Akron Akron, OH, USA
| | - John E Burwick
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Akron Akron, OH, USA
| | | | | | - John M Senko
- Department of Biology, The University of Akron Akron, OH, USA ; Integrated Bioscience Program, The University of Akron Akron, OH, USA ; Department of Geosciences, The University of Akron Akron, OH, USA
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22
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Recent Developments in Microbiological Approaches for Securing Mine Wastes and for Recovering Metals from Mine Waters. MINERALS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/min4020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Johnson DB, Hallberg KB, Hedrich S. Uncovering a microbial enigma: isolation and characterization of the streamer-generating, iron-oxidizing, acidophilic bacterium "Ferrovum myxofaciens". Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:672-80. [PMID: 24242243 PMCID: PMC3911105 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03230-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A betaproteobacterium, shown by molecular techniques to have widespread global distribution in extremely acidic (pH 2 to 4) ferruginous mine waters and also to be a major component of "acid streamer" growths in mine-impacted water bodies, has proven to be recalcitrant to enrichment and isolation. A modified "overlay" solid medium was devised and used to isolate this bacterium from a number of mine water samples. The physiological and phylogenetic characteristics of a pure culture of an isolate from an abandoned copper mine ("Ferrovum myxofaciens" strain P3G) have been elucidated. "F. myxofaciens" is an extremely acidophilic, psychrotolerant obligate autotroph that appears to use only ferrous iron as an electron donor and oxygen as an electron acceptor. It appears to use the Calvin-Benson-Bassham pathway to fix CO2 and is diazotrophic. It also produces copious amounts of extracellular polymeric materials that cause cells to attach to each other (and to form small streamer-like growth in vitro) and to different solid surfaces. "F. myxofaciens" can catalyze the oxidative dissolution of pyrite and, like many other acidophiles, is tolerant of many (cationic) transition metals. "F. myxofaciens" and related clone sequences form a monophyletic group within the Betaproteobacteria distantly related to classified orders, with genera of the family Nitrosomonadaceae (lithoautotrophic, ammonium-oxidizing neutrophiles) as the closest relatives. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic differences of "F. myxofaciens" and other Betaproteobacteria, a new family, "Ferrovaceae," and order, "Ferrovales," within the class Betaproteobacteria are proposed. "F. myxofaciens" is the first extreme acidophile to be described in the class Betaproteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barrie Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
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Leiva ED, Rámila CDP, Vargas IT, Escauriaza CR, Bonilla CA, Pizarro GE, Regan JM, Pasten PA. Natural attenuation process via microbial oxidation of arsenic in a high Andean watershed. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 466-467:490-502. [PMID: 23933432 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rivers in northern Chile have arsenic (As) concentrations at levels that are toxic for humans and other organisms. Microorganism-mediated redox reactions have a crucial role in the As cycle; the microbial oxidation of As (As(III) to As(V)) is a critical transformation because it favors the immobilization of As in the solid phase. We studied the role of microbial As oxidation for controlling the mobility of As in the extreme environment found in the Chilean Altiplano (i.e., > 4000 meters above sea level (masl) and < 310 mm annual rainfall), which are conditions that have rarely been studied. Our model system was the upper Azufre River sub-basin, where the natural attenuation of As from hydrothermal discharge (pH 4-6) was observed. As(III) was actively oxidized by a microbial consortium, leading to a significant decrease in the dissolved As concentrations and a corresponding increase in the sediment's As concentration downstream of the hydrothermal source. In-situ oxidation experiments demonstrated that the As oxidation required biological activity, and microbiological molecular analysis confirmed the presence of As(III)-oxidizing groups (aroA-like genes) in the system. In addition, the pH measurements and solid phase analysis strongly suggested that the As removal mechanism involved adsorption or coprecipitation with Fe-oxyhydroxides. Taken together, these results indicate that the microorganism-mediated As oxidation contributed to the attenuation of As concentrations and the stabilization of As in the solid phase, therefore controlling the amount of As transported downstream. This study is the first to demonstrate the microbial oxidation of As in Altiplano basins and its relevance in the immobilization of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo D Leiva
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tischler JS, Wiacek C, Janneck E, Schlömann M. Bench-scale study of the effect of phosphate on an aerobic iron oxidation plant for mine water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 48:345-53. [PMID: 24139104 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
At the opencast pit Nochten acidic iron- and sulfate-rich mine waters are treated biotechnologically in a mine-water treatment plant by microbial iron oxidation. Due to the low phosphate concentration in such waters the treatment plant was simulated in bench-scale to investigate the influence of addition of potassium dihydrogen phosphate on chemical and biological parameters of the mine-water treatment. As a result of the phosphate addition the number of cells increased, which resulted in an increase of the iron oxidation rate in the reactor with phosphate addition by a factor of 1.7 compared to a reference approach without phosphate addition. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis during the cultivation revealed a shift of the microbial community depending on the phosphate addition. While almost exclusively iron-oxidizing bacteria related to "Ferrovum" sp. were detected with phosphate addition, the microbial community was more diverse without phosphate addition. In the latter case, iron-oxidizing bacteria ("Ferrovum" sp., Acidithiobacillus spp.) as well as non-iron-oxidizing bacteria (Acidiphilium sp.) were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Tischler
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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Fabisch M, Beulig F, Akob DM, Küsel K. Surprising abundance of Gallionella-related iron oxidizers in creek sediments at pH 4.4 or at high heavy metal concentrations. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:390. [PMID: 24385973 PMCID: PMC3866512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified and quantified abundant iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) at three iron-rich, metal-contaminated creek sites with increasing sediment pH from extremely acidic (R1, pH 2.7), to moderately acidic (R2, pH 4.4), to slightly acidic (R3, pH 6.3) in a former uranium-mining district. The geochemical parameters showed little variations over the 1.5 year study period. The highest metal concentrations found in creek sediments always coincided with the lowest metal concentrations in creek water at the slightly acidic site R3. Sequential extractions of R3 sediment revealed large portions of heavy metals (Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, U) bound to the iron oxide fraction. Light microscopy of glass slides exposed in creeks detected twisted stalks characteristic of microaerobic FeOB of the family Gallionellaceae at R3 but also at the acidic site R2. Sequences related to FeOB such as Gallionella ferruginea, Sideroxydans sp. CL21, Ferritrophicum radicicola, and Acidovorax sp. BrG1 were identified in the sediments. The highest fraction of clone sequences similar to the acidophilic "Ferrovum myxofaciens" was detected in R1. Quantitative PCR using primer sets specific for Gallionella spp., Sideroxydans spp., and "Ferrovum myxofaciens" revealed that ~72% (R2 sediment) and 37% (R3 sediment) of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies could be assigned to groups of FeOB with dominance of microaerobic Gallionella spp. at both sites. Gallionella spp. had similar and very high absolute and relative gene copy numbers in both sediment communities. Thus, Gallionella-like organisms appear to exhibit a greater acid and metal tolerance than shown before. Microaerobic FeOB from R3 creek sediment enriched in newly developed metal gradient tubes tolerated metal concentrations of 35 mM Co, 24 mM Ni, and 1.3 mM Cd, higher than those in sediments. Our results will extend the limited knowledge of FeOB at contaminated, moderately to slightly acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fabisch
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology Group, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Felix Beulig
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology Group, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Denise M. Akob
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology Group, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Research ProgramReston, VA, USA
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- Aquatic Geomicrobiology Group, Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
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Tischler JS, Jwair RJ, Gelhaar N, Drechsel A, Skirl AM, Wiacek C, Janneck E, Schlömann M. New cultivation medium for "Ferrovum" and Gallionella-related strains. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:138-44. [PMID: 23954479 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Since the first isolation of the well-known iron oxidizer Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans various media and techniques have been developed to isolate new species of acidophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria. A successful strategy in many cases was the use of iFeo medium in double-layer plates with a heterotrophic strain in the underlayer. However, even with samples which had been shown by molecular techniques to be dominated by "Ferrovum myxofaciens" and Gallionella-related bacteria, these bacteria were isolated considerably less frequently than Acidithiobacillus spp. on iFeo. Therefore, a new medium was designed which corresponded largely to the chemical composition of the mine water in a treatment plant dominated by the bacterial groups mentioned and was called artificial pilot-plant water (APPW). The analyses of approximately 500 colonies obtained from mine waters of two different sampling sites by PCR with primers specific for Acidithiobacillus spp., "Ferrovum" spp., Gallionella relatives, and Acidiphilium spp. revealed higher abundances of "Ferrovum" spp. and Gallionella relatives on the newly designed APPW medium than on iFeo which favored Acidithiobacillus spp. Molecular analysis of the colonies obtained indicated the occurrence of at least two species of iron-oxidizing bacteria and/or the heterotrophic Acidiphilium spp. in most of the colonies. Furthermore, the influence on the isolation of the concentrations of iron, phosphate, and ammonium of APPW, in levels of the iFeo medium previously described was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Tischler
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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Macalady JL, Hamilton TL, Grettenberger CL, Jones DS, Tsao LE, Burgos WD. Energy, ecology and the distribution of microbial life. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120383. [PMID: 23754819 PMCID: PMC3685468 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms that govern the coexistence of multiple biological species have been studied intensively by ecologists since the turn of the nineteenth century. Microbial ecologists in the meantime have faced many fundamental challenges, such as the lack of an ecologically coherent species definition, lack of adequate methods for evaluating population sizes and community composition in nature, and enormous taxonomic and functional diversity. The accessibility of powerful, culture-independent molecular microbiology methods offers an opportunity to close the gap between microbial science and the main stream of ecological theory, with the promise of new insights and tools needed to meet the grand challenges humans face as planetary engineers and galactic explorers. We focus specifically on resources related to energy metabolism because of their direct links to elemental cycling in the Earth's history, engineering applications and astrobiology. To what extent does the availability of energy resources structure microbial communities in nature? Our recent work on sulfur- and iron-oxidizing autotrophs suggests that apparently subtle variations in the concentration ratios of external electron donors and acceptors select for different microbial populations. We show that quantitative knowledge of microbial energy niches (population-specific patterns of energy resource use) can be used to predict variations in the abundance of specific taxa in microbial communities. Furthermore, we propose that resource ratio theory applied to micro-organisms will provide a useful framework for identifying how environmental communities are organized in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Macalady
- Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Kuang JL, Huang LN, Chen LX, Hua ZS, Li SJ, Hu M, Li JT, Shu WS. Contemporary environmental variation determines microbial diversity patterns in acid mine drainage. THE ISME JOURNAL 2013; 7:1038-50. [PMID: 23178673 PMCID: PMC3635239 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2012.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A wide array of microorganisms survive and thrive in extreme environments. However, we know little about the patterns of, and controls over, their large-scale ecological distribution. To this end, we have applied a bar-coded 16S rRNA pyrosequencing technology to explore the phylogenetic differentiation among 59 microbial communities from physically and geochemically diverse acid mine drainage (AMD) sites across Southeast China, revealing for the first time environmental variation as the major factor explaining community differences in these harsh environments. Our data showed that overall microbial diversity estimates, including phylogenetic diversity, phylotype richness and pairwise UniFrac distance, were largely correlated with pH conditions. Furthermore, multivariate regression tree analysis also identified solution pH as a strong predictor of relative lineage abundance. Betaproteobacteria, mostly affiliated with the 'Ferrovum' genus, were explicitly predominant in assemblages under moderate pH conditions, whereas Alphaproteobacteria, Euryarchaeota, Gammaproteobacteria and Nitrospira exhibited a strong adaptation to more acidic environments. Strikingly, such pH-dependent patterns could also be observed in a subsequent comprehensive analysis of the environmental distribution of acidophilic microorganisms based on 16S rRNA gene sequences previously retrieved from globally distributed AMD and associated environments, regardless of the long-distance isolation and the distinct substrate types. Collectively, our results suggest that microbial diversity patterns are better predicted by contemporary environmental variation rather than geographical distance in extreme AMD systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Liang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Nan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Shuang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Tian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Sheng Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Klein R, Tischler JS, Mühling M, Schlömann M. Bioremediation of mine water. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:109-72. [PMID: 24357145 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Caused by the oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals, mine waters are often acidic and contaminated with high concentrations of sulfates, metals, and metalloids. Because the so-called acid mine drainage (AMD) affects the environment or poses severe problems for later use, treatment of these waters is required. Therefore, various remediation strategies have been developed to remove soluble metals and sulfates through immobilization using physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Conventionally, iron and sulfate-the main pollutants in mine waters-are removed by addition of neutralization reagents and subsequent chemical iron oxidation and sulfate mineral precipitation. Biological treatment strategies take advantage of the ability of microorganisms that occur in mine waters to metabolize iron and sulfate. As a rule, these can be grouped into oxidative and reductive processes, reflecting the redox state of mobilized iron (reduced form) and sulfur (oxidized form) in AMD. Changing the redox states of iron and sulfur results in iron and sulfur compounds with low solubility, thus leading to their precipitation and removal. Various techniques have been developed to enhance the efficacy of these microbial processes, as outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klein
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
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31
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Glombitza F, Reichel S. Metal-containing residues from industry and in the environment: geobiotechnological urban mining. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:49-107. [PMID: 24916202 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This chapter explains the manifold geobiotechnological possibilities to separate industrial valuable metals from various industrial residues and stored waste products of the past. In addition to an overview of the different microbially catalyzed chemical reactions applicable for a separation of metals and details of published studies, results of many individual investigations from various research projects are described. These concern the separation of rare earth elements from phosphorous production slags, the attempts of tin leaching from mining flotation residues, the separation of metals from spent catalysts, or the treatment of ashes as valuable metal-containing material. The residues of environmental technologies are integrated into this overview as well. The description of the different known microbial processes offers starting points for suitable and new technologies. In addition to the application of chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms the use of heterotrophic microorganisms is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Glombitza
- G.E.O.S. Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Schwarze Kiefern 2, 09633, Halsbrücke, Germany,
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Kipry J, Jaffer Jwair R, Gelhaar N, Wiacek C, Schlömann M. Modifiziertes Medium zur Isolierung von Ferrovum myxofaciens und Gallionella-verwandten Stämmen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201250020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Razia M, Karthikraja R, Padmanaban K, Chellapandi P, Sivaramakrishnan S. 16S rDNA-based phylogeny of non-symbiotic bacteria of Entorno-pathogenic nematodes from infected insect cadavers. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2012; 9:104-12. [PMID: 21802047 PMCID: PMC5054454 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(11)60013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using 16S rDNA gene sequencing technique, three different species of non-symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Steinernema sp. and Heterorhabditis sp.) were isolated and identified from infected insect cadavers (Galleria mellonella larvae) after 48-hour post infections. Sequence similarity analysis revealed that the strains SRK3, SRK4 and SRK5 belong to Ochrobactrum cytisi, Schineria larvae and Ochrobactrum anthropi, respectively. The isolates O. anthropi and S. larvae were found to be associated with Heterorhabditis indica strains BDU-17 and Yer-136, respectively, whereas O. cytisi was associated with Steinernema siamkayai strain BDU-87. Phenotypically, temporal EPN bacteria were fairly related to symbiotic EPN bacteria (Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus genera). The strains SRK3 and SRK5 were phylogeographically similar to several non-symbionts and contaminated EPN bacteria isolated in Germany (LMG3311T) and China (X-14), while the strain SRK4 was identical to the isolates of S. larvae (L1/57, L1/58, L1/68 and L2/11) from Wohlfahrtia magnifica in Hungary. The result was further confirmed by RNA secondary structure and minimum energy calculations of aligned sequences. This study suggested that the non-symbionts of these nematodes are phylogeographically diverged in some extent due to phase variation. Therefore, these strains are not host-dependent, but environment-specific isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Razia
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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34
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Johnson DB, Kanao T, Hedrich S. Redox Transformations of Iron at Extremely Low pH: Fundamental and Applied Aspects. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:96. [PMID: 22438853 PMCID: PMC3305923 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many different species of acidophilic prokaryotes, widely distributed within the domains Bacteria and Archaea, can catalyze the dissimilatory oxidation of ferrous iron or reduction of ferric iron, or can do both. Microbially mediated cycling of iron in extremely acidic environments (pH < 3) is strongly influenced by the enhanced chemical stability of ferrous iron and far greater solubility of ferric iron under such conditions. Cycling of iron has been demonstrated in vitro using both pure and mixed cultures of acidophiles, and there is considerable evidence that active cycling of iron occurs in acid mine drainage streams, pit lakes, and iron-rich acidic rivers, such as the Rio Tinto. Measurements of specific rates of iron oxidation and reduction by acidophilic microorganisms show that different species vary in their capacities for iron oxido-reduction, and that this is influenced by the electron donor provided and growth conditions used. These measurements, and comparison with corresponding data for oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds, also help explain why ferrous iron is usually used preferentially as an electron donor by acidophiles that can oxidize both iron and sulfur, even though the energy yield from oxidizing iron is much smaller than that available from sulfur oxidation. Iron-oxidizing acidophiles have been used in biomining (a technology that harness their abilities to accelerate the oxidative dissolution of sulfidic minerals and thereby facilitate the extraction of precious and base metals) for several decades. More recently they have also been used to simultaneously remediate iron-contaminated surface and ground waters and produce a useful mineral by-product (schwertmannite). Bioprocessing of oxidized mineral ores using acidophiles that catalyze the reductive dissolution of ferric iron minerals such as goethite has also recently been demonstrated, and new biomining technologies based on this approach are being developed.
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Chikere CB, Surridge K, Okpokwasili GC, Cloete TE. Dynamics of indigenous bacterial communities associated with crude oil degradation in soil microcosms during nutrient-enhanced bioremediation. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2012; 30:225-36. [PMID: 21824988 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x11410114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial population dynamics were examined during bioremediation of an African soil contaminated with Arabian light crude oil and nutrient enrichment (biostimulation). Polymerase chain reaction followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to generate bacterial community fingerprints of the different treatments employing the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene as molecular marker. The DGGE patterns of the nutrient-amended soils indicated the presence of distinguishable bands corresponding to the oil-contaminated-nutrient-enriched soils, which were not present in the oil-contaminated and pristine control soils. Further characterization of the dominant DGGE bands after excision, reamplification and sequencing revealed that Corynebacterium spp., Dietzia spp., Rhodococcus erythropolis sp., Nocardioides sp., Low G+C (guanine plus cytosine) Gram positive bacterial clones and several uncultured bacterial clones were the dominant bacterial groups after biostimulation. Prominent Corynebacterium sp. IC10 sequence was detected across all nutrient-amended soils but not in oil-contaminated control soil. Total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial counts increased significantly in the nutrient-amended soils 2 weeks post contamination whereas oil-contaminated and pristine control soils remained fairly stable throughout the experimental period. Gas chromatographic analysis of residual hydrocarbons in biostimulated soils showed marked attenuation of contaminants starting from the second to the sixth week after contamination whereas no significant reduction in hydrocarbon peaks were seen in the oil-contaminated control soil throughout the 6-week experimental period. Results obtained indicated that nutrient amendment of oil-contaminated soil selected and enriched the bacterial communities mainly of the Actinobacteria phylogenetic group capable of surviving in toxic contamination with concomitant biodegradation of the hydrocarbons. The present study therefore demonstrated that the soil investigated harbours hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial populations which can be biostimulated to achieve effective bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chioma B Chikere
- Department of Microbiology, University of Port-Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
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36
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New clusters of arsenite oxidase and unusual bacterial groups in enrichments from arsenic-contaminated soil. Arch Microbiol 2012; 194:623-35. [PMID: 22350109 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-011-0777-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study cultivation-dependent and molecular methods were applied in combination to investigate the arsenite-oxidizing communities in enrichment cultures from arsenic and lead smelter-impacted soils with respect to both 16S rRNA and arsenite oxidase gene diversity. Enrichments with arsenite as the only electron donor resulted in completely different communities than enrichments with yeast extract and the simultaneous presence of arsenite. The lithoautotrophic community appeared to be dominated by Ferrimicrobium-related Actinobacteria, unusual Acidobacteria, Myxobacteria, and α-Proteobacteria but the heterotrophic community comprised many Dokdonella-related γ-Proteobacteria. Gene sequences of clones encoding arsenite oxidase from the enrichment for lithoautotrophs belonged to three major clusters with sequences from non-cultivated microorganisms. So, primers used to detect arsenite oxidase genes could amplify the genes from many α-, β- and γ-Proteobacteria, but not from various strains of the other phyla present in the enrichment for lithotrophs. This was also observed for the isolates where arsenite oxidase genes from new proteobacterial isolates of the genera Burkholderia, Bosea, Alcaligenes, Bradyrhizobium and Methylobacterium could be amplified but the genes of the new Rhodococcus isolate S43 could not. The results indicate that the ability to oxidize arsenite is widespread in various unusual taxa, and molecular methods for their detection require further improvement.
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37
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Hedrich S, Johnson DB. A modular continuous flow reactor system for the selective bio-oxidation of iron and precipitation of schwertmannite from mine-impacted waters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 106:44-9. [PMID: 22197072 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A novel modular bioremediation system which facilitates the selective removal of soluble iron from extremely acidic (pH ∼2) metal-rich wastewaters by ferrous iron oxidation and selective precipitation of the ferric iron produced is described. In the first of the three modules, rapid ferrous iron oxidation was mediated by the recently-characterized iron-oxidizing autotrophic acidophile, "Ferrovum myxofaciens", which grew as long "streamers" within the reactor. Over 90% of the iron present in influent test liquors containing 280mg/L iron was oxidized at a dilution rate of 0.41h(-1), in a proton-consuming reaction. The ferric iron-rich solutions produced were pumped into a second reactor where controlled addition of sodium hydroxide caused the water pH to increase to 3.5 and ferric iron to precipitate as the mineral schwertmannite. Addition of a flocculating agent promoted rapid aggregation and settling of the fine-grain schwertmannite particles. A third passive module (a packed-bed bioreactor, also inoculated with "Fv. myxofaciens") acted as a polishing reactor, lowering soluble iron concentrations in the processed water to <1mg/L. The system was highly effective in selectively removing iron from a synthetic acidic (pH 2.1) mine water that contained soluble aluminum, copper, manganese and zinc in addition to iron. Schwertmannite was again produced, with little or no co-precipitation of other metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hedrich
- School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
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Performance and microbial community dynamics of a sulfate-reducing bioreactor treating coal generated acid mine drainage. Biodegradation 2011; 23:415-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Chikere CB, Okpokwasili GC, Chikere BO. Monitoring of microbial hydrocarbon remediation in the soil. 3 Biotech 2011; 1:117-138. [PMID: 22611524 PMCID: PMC3339601 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-011-0014-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants is advantageous owing to the cost-effectiveness of the technology and the ubiquity of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms in the soil. Soil microbial diversity is affected by hydrocarbon perturbation, thus selective enrichment of hydrocarbon utilizers occurs. Hydrocarbons interact with the soil matrix and soil microorganisms determining the fate of the contaminants relative to their chemical nature and microbial degradative capabilities, respectively. Provided the polluted soil has requisite values for environmental factors that influence microbial activities and there are no inhibitors of microbial metabolism, there is a good chance that there will be a viable and active population of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms in the soil. Microbial methods for monitoring bioremediation of hydrocarbons include chemical, biochemical and microbiological molecular indices that measure rates of microbial activities to show that in the end the target goal of pollutant reduction to a safe and permissible level has been achieved. Enumeration and characterization of hydrocarbon degraders, use of micro titer plate-based most probable number technique, community level physiological profiling, phospholipid fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA- and other nucleic acid-based molecular fingerprinting techniques, metagenomics, microarray analysis, respirometry and gas chromatography are some of the methods employed in bio-monitoring of hydrocarbon remediation as presented in this review.
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Hedrich S, Lünsdorf H, Kleeberg R, Heide G, Seifert J, Schlömann M. Schwertmannite formation adjacent to bacterial cells in a mine water treatment plant and in pure cultures of Ferrovum myxofaciens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:7685-7692. [PMID: 21838259 DOI: 10.1021/es201564g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Schwertmannite has previously been found in iron- and sulfate-rich mine waters at pH 2.8-4.5. In the present study, schwertmannite (Fe(8)O(8)(OH)(6)SO(4)) was shown to be the major mineral in a mine water treatment plant at pH 3, in which ferrous iron is mainly oxidized by bacteria belonging to the species Ferrovum myxofaciens. Strain EHS6, which is closely related to the type strain of Fv. myxofaciens, was isolated from the pilot plant and characterized as an acidophilic, iron-oxidizing bacterium. In contrast to the pilot plant, the mineral phase formed by a pure culture of Fv. myxofaciens EHS6 was a mixture of schwertmannite and jarosite (KFe(3)(SO(4))(2)(OH)(6)). In contrast to other reports of neutrophilic, iron-oxidizing bacteria, acidophilic microorganisms in the pilot plant and cultures of strain EHS6 did not show encrustation of the cell surface or deposition of minerals inside the cell, though a few cells appeared to be in contact with jarosite crystals. It was concluded that no direct biomineralization occurred in the pilot plant or in laboratory cultures. The lack of encrustation of bacterial cells in the pilot plant is considered advantageous since the cells are still able to get in contact with ferrous iron and the iron oxidation process in the mine water treatment plant can proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hedrich
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany.
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Hedrich S, Schlömann M, Johnson DB. The iron-oxidizing proteobacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:1551-1564. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.045344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘iron bacteria’ are a collection of morphologically and phylogenetically heterogeneous prokaryotes. They include some of the first micro-organisms to be observed and described, and continue to be the subject of a considerable body of fundamental and applied microbiological research. While species of iron-oxidizing bacteria can be found in many different phyla, most are affiliated with the Proteobacteria. The latter can be subdivided into four main physiological groups: (i) acidophilic, aerobic iron oxidizers; (ii) neutrophilic, aerobic iron oxidizers; (iii) neutrophilic, anaerobic (nitrate-dependent) iron oxidizers; and (iv) anaerobic photosynthetic iron oxidizers. Some species (mostly acidophiles) can reduce ferric iron as well as oxidize ferrous iron, depending on prevailing environmental conditions. This review describes what is currently known about the phylogenetic and physiological diversity of the iron-oxidizing proteobacteria, their significance in the environment (on the global and micro scales), and their increasing importance in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Hedrich
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Michael Schlömann
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - D. Barrie Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
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Bruneel O, Volant A, Gallien S, Chaumande B, Casiot C, Carapito C, Bardil A, Morin G, Brown GE, Personné CJ, Le Paslier D, Schaeffer C, Van Dorsselaer A, Bertin PN, Elbaz-Poulichet F, Arsène-Ploetze F. Characterization of the active bacterial community involved in natural attenuation processes in arsenic-rich creek sediments. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2011; 61:793-810. [PMID: 21318282 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage of the Carnoulès mine (France) is characterized by acid waters containing high concentrations of arsenic and iron. In the first 30 m along the Reigous, a small creek draining the site, more than 38% of the dissolved arsenic was removed by co-precipitation with Fe(III), in agreement with previous studies, which suggest a role of microbial activities in the co-precipitation of As(III) and As(V) with Fe(III) and sulfate. To investigate how this particular ecosystem functions, the bacterial community was characterized in water and sediments by 16S rRNA encoding gene library analysis. Based on the results obtained using a metaproteomic approach on sediments combined with high-sensitivity HPLC-chip spectrometry, several GroEL orthologs expressed by the community were characterized, and the active members of the prokaryotic community inhabiting the creek sediments were identified. Many of these bacteria are β-proteobacteria such as Gallionella and Thiomonas, but γ-proteobacteria such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and α-proteobacteria such as Acidiphilium, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes were also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Bruneel
- Laboratoire HydroSciences Montpellier, UMR5569 (CNRS-IRD-Universités Montpellier I et II), Université Montpellier II, CC MSE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France.
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Liljeqvist M, Sundkvist JE, Saleh A, Dopson M. Low temperature removal of inorganic sulfur compounds from mining process waters. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1251-9. [PMID: 21280027 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Process water and effluents from mining operations treating sulfide rich ores often contain considerable concentrations of metastable inorganic sulfur compounds such as thiosulfate and tetrathionate. These species may cause environmental problems if released to downstream recipients due to oxidation to sulfuric acid catalyzed by acidophilic microorganisms. Molecular phylogenic analysis of the tailings pond and recipient streams identified psychrotolerant and mesophilic inorganic sulfur compound oxidizing microorganisms. This suggested year round thiosalt oxidation occurs. Mining process waters may also contain inhibiting substances such as thiocyanate from cyanidation plants. However, toxicity experiments suggested their expected concentrations would not inhibit thiosalt oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrivorans SS3. A mixed culture from a permanently cold (4-6 °C) low pH environment was tested for thiosalt removal in a reactor design including a biogenerator and a main reactor containing a biofilm carrier. The biogenerator and main reactors were successively reduced in temperature to 5-6 °C when 43.8% of the chemical oxidation demand was removed. However, it was found that the oxidation of thiosulfate was not fully completed to sulfate since low residual concentrations of tetrathionate and trithionate were found in the discharge. This study has demonstrated the potential of using biotechnological solutions to remove inorganic sulfur compounds at 6°C and thus, reduce the impact of mining on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Liljeqvist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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Lefebvre O, Ha Nguyen T, Al-Mamun A, Chang I, Ng H. T-RFLP reveals high β-Proteobacteria diversity in microbial fuel cells enriched with domestic wastewater. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 109:839-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Microbial diversity in acid mine drainage of Xiang Mountain sulfide mine, Anhui Province, China. Extremophiles 2010; 14:465-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-010-0324-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Visualizing acidophilic microorganisms in biofilm communities using acid stable fluorescence dyes. J Fluoresc 2010; 20:943-51. [PMID: 20386966 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-010-0640-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in acidophilic biofilm communities, i.e. acid streamers and snottites, obtained from a subsurface mine in Königstein were visualized by fluorescence microscopy using four new fluorescent dyes (DY-601XL, V07-04118, V07-04146, DY-613). The pH of the bulk solution in which these bacteria thrive was pH 2.6 to 2.9. The new fluorescent dyes were all able to clearly stain and microscopically visualize in-situ the bacteria within the biofilm community without changing pH or background ion concentration. The commonly used fluorescent dyes DAPI and SYTO 59 were also applied for comparison. Both dyes, however, were not able to visualize any bacteria in-situ, since they were not stable under the very acid conditions. In addition, dye V07-04118 and dye DY-613 also possess the ability to stain larger cells which were presumably eukaryotic origin and may be attributed to yeast cells or amoeba-like cells. PCR analyses have shown that the dominant bacterial species in these acidophilic biofilm communities was a gram negative bacterium of the species Ferrovum myxofaciens. The presented four new dyes are ideal for in-situ investigations of microorganisms occurring in very acid conditions, e.g. in acidophilic biofilm communities when in parallel information on pH sensitive incorporated fluorescent heavy metals should be acquired.
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Kamimura K, Okabayashi A, Kikumoto M, Manchur MA, Wakai S, Kanao T. Analysis of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in a treatment plant of acid rock drainage from a Japanese pyrite mine by use of ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large-subunit gene. J Biosci Bioeng 2010; 109:244-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ziegler S, Ackermann S, Majzlan J, Gescher J. Matrix composition and community structure analysis of a novel bacterial pyrite leaching community. Environ Microbiol 2009; 11:2329-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Heinzel E, Janneck E, Glombitza F, Schlömann M, Seifert J. Population dynamics of iron-oxidizing communities in pilot plants for the treatment of acid mine waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:6138-6144. [PMID: 19746704 DOI: 10.1021/es900067d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The iron-oxidizing microbial community in two pilot plants for the treatment of acid mine water was monitored to investigate the influence of different process parameters such as pH, iron concentration, and retention time on the stability of the system to evaluate the applicability of this treatment technology on an industrial scale. The dynamics of the microbial populations were followed using T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism) over a period of several months. For a more precise quantification, two TaqMan assays specific for the two prominent groups were developed and the relative abundance of these taxa in the iron-oxidizing community was verified by real-time PCR. The investigations revealed that the iron-oxidizing community was clearly dominated by two groups of Betaproteobacteria affiliated with the poorly known and not yet recognized species "Ferrovum myxofaciens" and with strains related to Gallionella ferruginea, respectively. These taxa dominated the microbial community during the whole investigation period and accelerated the oxidation of ferrous iron despite the changing characteristics of mine waters flowing into the plants. Thus, it is assumed that the treatment technology can also be applied to other mine sites and that these organisms play a crucial role in such treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Heinzel
- Interdisciplinary Ecological Center, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Strasse 29, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
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