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Kerro Dego O, Almeida R, Ivey S, Agga GE. Evaluation of Streptococcus uberis Surface Proteins as Vaccine Antigens to Control S. uberis Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080868. [PMID: 34451993 PMCID: PMC8402608 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is no effective vaccine against Streptococcus uberis mastitis in dairy cows. Objectives of this study were (1) to extract S. uberis surface proteins (SUSP) and determine immunoreactivity in vitro and (2) immunogenicity and efficacy in vivo. SUSP was extracted from S. uberis, and their immunoreactivity was tested by western blot. In total, 26 Jersey dairy cows were randomly divided into four groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were vaccinated subcutaneously with 4 mg, 1 mg, and 100 μg of SUSP, respectively, with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant. Group 4 (control) was injected with placebo. S. uberis UT888 was infused into two contralateral quarters of each cow during early lactation. Somatic cell count (SCC), bacteria count in milk, and mastitis were monitored. Our results show that SUSP contains multiple protein bands, that ranged from 10 to 100 kDa. All vaccinates showed an increased anti-SUSP IgG antibody. The SCC of all experimentally infected quarters increased after challenge but slightly decreased after day 3 with no significant difference among groups. Milk bacterial count was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in high and medium doses vaccinated groups than low and control groups. In conclusion, SUSP vaccine is immunogenic and showed a promising efficacy to control bovine S. uberis mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (R.A.); (S.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-865-974-9740; Fax: +1-865-974-7297
| | - Raul Almeida
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (R.A.); (S.I.)
| | - Susan Ivey
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (R.A.); (S.I.)
| | - Getahun E. Agga
- Food Animal Environmental Systems Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA;
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Rainard P, Gilbert FB, Germon P, Foucras G. Invited review: A critical appraisal of mastitis vaccines for dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10427-10448. [PMID: 34218921 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the mammary gland remain a frequent disease of dairy ruminants that negatively affect animal welfare, milk quality, farmer serenity, and farming profitability and cause an increase in use of antimicrobials. There is a need for efficacious vaccines to alleviate the burden of mastitis in dairy farming, but this need has not been satisfactorily fulfilled despite decades of research. A careful appraisal of past and current research on mastitis vaccines reveals the peculiarities but also the commonalities among mammary gland infections associated with the major mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Streptococcus dysgalactiae. A major pitfall is that the immune mechanisms of effective protection have not been fully identified. Until now, vaccine development has been directed toward the generation of antibodies. In this review, we drew up an inventory of the main approaches used to design vaccines that aim at the major pathogens for the mammary gland, and we critically appraised the current and tentative vaccines. In particular, we sought to relate efficacy to vaccine-induced defense mechanisms to shed light on some possible reasons for current vaccine shortcomings. Based on the lessons learned from past attempts and the recent results of current research, the design of effective vaccines may take a new turn in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rainard
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Florence B Gilbert
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Pierre Germon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Toulouse, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes, 31076 Toulouse, France
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3
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Potential factors involved in the early pathogenesis of Streptococcus uberis mastitis: a review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:509-523. [PMID: 34085166 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, which could be the result of allergy, physical trauma, or invasion by pathogens as Streptococcus uberis. This pathogen is an environmental pathogen associated with subclinical and clinical intramammary infection (IMI) in both lactating and non-lactating cows, which can persist in the udder and cause a chronic infection in the mammary gland. In spite of the important economic losses and increased prevalence caused by S. uberis mastitis, virulence factors involved in bacterial colonization of mammary glands and the pathogenic mechanisms are not yet clear. In the last 30 years, several studies have defined adherence and internalization of S. uberis as the early stages in IMI. S. uberis adheres to and invades into mammary gland cells, and this ability has been observed in in vitro assays. Until now, these abilities have not been determined in vivo challenges since they have been difficult to study. Bacterial surface proteins are able to bind to extracellular matrix protein components such as fibronectin, collagen and laminin, as well as proteins in milk. These proteins play a role in adhesion to host cells and have been denominated microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs). This article aims to summarize our current knowledge on the most relevant properties of the potential factors involved in the early pathogenesis of S. uberis mastitis.
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Fessia AS, Dieser SA, Renna MS, Raspanti CG, Odierno LM. Relative expression of genes associated with adhesion to bovine mammary epithelial cells by Streptococcus uberis. Res Vet Sci 2020; 132:33-41. [PMID: 32474263 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is one of the most prevalent environmental pathogens of bovine mastitis. Biofilm growth ability by S. uberis looks to depend first upon the adherence of cells to a surface. The S. uberis ability to adhere to mammary gland epithelia might provide an advantage to colonize the lactating mammary gland. The objectives of this study were (a) to select S.uberis strains according to their ability to form biofilm, (b) to determine adherence to and internalization into MAC-T cells and (c) to investigate the expression profile adherence genes in these S. uberis strains. For the assays, the MAC-T bovine mammary epithelial cell line was used. Relative expression of genes acdA, lmb, scpA, sua, fbp and lbp was quantified by RT-qPCR. We observed that the RC38 strain from clinical bovine mastitis showed in the six genes higher values than control in both conditions. While the strain with greater ability to adhere, from clinical mastitis and biofilm producer (RC29) evidenced higher values in group 1 (G1) (bacteria after the initial contact with MAC-T cells) and decrease in group 2 (G2) (both adhered and internalized bacteria) than control. Strains with a moderate or strong capacity for biofilm production showed significantly lower relative expression values in the G2. In all adherence associated genes, strain RC19 showed relative expression values incremented in G1, while in G2 decreased expression. In conclusion, we did not find a single profile of relative expression because the relative expression levels of each gene differed depending on the strain and the co-culture stage of S. uberis cells from which RNA was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aluminé S Fessia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Silvana A Dieser
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Sol Renna
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Raspanti
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Odierno
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Quimicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36, Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Wente N, Klocke D, Paduch JH, Zhang Y, Seeth MT, Zoche-Golob V, Reinecke F, Mohr E, Krömker V. Associations between Streptococcus uberis strains from the animal environment and clinical bovine mastitis cases. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9360-9369. [PMID: 31421887 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine clinical mastitis quarter foremilk samples were collected from 15 German dairy farms for the isolation of Streptococcus uberis strains. Samples were also collected from the 8 spots where Streptococcus uberis was most expected in the dairy environment to investigate the transmission behavior of Streptococcus uberis within the farm. The selected environmental spots for sampling were the inner surface of the milking liner, drinking troughs (on pasture and in the barn), exit area of milking parlor, bedding material from the lying area in the barn, passageway to pasture, lying area of soil or vegetation on pasture, and the barn area in front of the milking parlor. We performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis on 237 Streptococcus uberis isolates to identify environmental strains that matched those from mastitis milk. The same strains were detected on the passageway to the pasture, milking parlor waiting area, in one of the liners, and a drinking trough. Streptococcus uberis strains showed high variability within farms and because identical strains (in mastitis milk and environment) were found in different environmental localizations, its transmission appears to be farm specific. Thus, to establish a farm-specific mastitis control strategy, the main environmental sources of Streptococcus uberis must be analyzed for matching strains. A molecular method such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is an important tool that can be used to obtain the necessary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wente
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany; Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - D Klocke
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany
| | - J-H Paduch
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Tho Seeth
- Chamber of Agriculture Lower Saxony, Udder Health Service, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - V Zoche-Golob
- Animal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - F Reinecke
- Department 51.2, Quality assurance for organic products, vegetable products and milk, 35578 Wetzlar, Germany
| | - E Mohr
- Animal Health and Animal Welfare, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - V Krömker
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty 2, Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Microbiology, 30453 Hannover, Germany.
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6
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Collado R, Montbrau C, Sitjà M, Prenafeta A. Study of the efficacy of a Streptococcus uberis mastitis vaccine against an experimental intramammary infection with a heterologous strain in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10290-10302. [PMID: 30219416 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a worldwide pathogen that causes intramammary infections in dairy cattle. Nevertheless, commercial vaccines are currently not available and measures to control S. uberis mastitis are limited to the implementation of good management practices. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of an S. uberis subunit vaccine against bovine mastitis (Laboratorios Hipra S.A., Amer, Spain) administered precalving against an experimental intramammary challenge with a heterologous S. uberis strain in dairy cows postcalving. With this objective, 25 gestating Holstein-Friesian heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: group 1 (n = 13), vaccinated by intramuscular route with the vaccine, and group 2 (n = 12), vaccinated by intramuscular route with phosphate-buffered saline as a control group. Both groups were immunized 60 and 21 d before the expected parturition date (75 and 36 d before challenge). Fourteen days after calving all cows were challenged by intramammary infusion of 100 colony-forming units of a heterologous S. uberis strain in 2 quarters per cow. Then, challenged quarters were monitored for clinical signs of mastitis, bacterial count, and somatic cell count for the following 21 d. Rectal temperature and daily milk yield per cow were also assessed. Results showed that all challenged quarters developed clinical mastitis. Nevertheless, vaccination significantly reduced the clinical signs of mastitis, bacterial count, rectal temperature, and daily milk yield losses after the intramammary infection and significantly increased the number of quarters with no bacterial isolation and somatic cell count <200,000 cells/mL at the end of the study (d 19, 20, and 21 after challenge). To confirm the efficacy of this vaccine, further studies under field conditions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Collado
- Hipra Scientific S.L.U., Avda. La Selva 135, 17170 Amer, Spain.
| | - C Montbrau
- Hipra Scientific S.L.U., Avda. La Selva 135, 17170 Amer, Spain
| | - M Sitjà
- Hipra Scientific S.L.U., Avda. La Selva 135, 17170 Amer, Spain
| | - A Prenafeta
- Hipra Scientific S.L.U., Avda. La Selva 135, 17170 Amer, Spain
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7
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Muruzović MŽ, Mladenović KG, Čomić LR. In vitro evaluation of resistance to environmental stress by planktonic and biofilm form of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditionally made cheese from Serbia. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sadiq FA, Flint S, Li Y, Ou K, Yuan L, He GQ. Phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity within biofilms with particular emphasis on persistence and antimicrobial tolerance. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:1087-1107. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic changes or phase variation within biofilms is an important feature of bacterial dormant life. Enhanced resistance to antimicrobials is one of the distinct features displayed by a fraction of cells within biofilms. It is believed that persisters are mainly responsible for this phenotypic heterogeneity. However, there is still an unresolved debate on the formation of persisters. In this short review, we highlight all known genomic and proteomic changes encountered by bacterial cells within biofilms. We have also described all phenotypic changes displayed by bacterial cells within biofilms with particular emphasis on enhanced antimicrobial tolerance of biofilms with particular reference to persisters. In addition, all currently known models of persistence have been succinctly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan A Sadiq
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Steve Flint
- School of Food & Nutrition, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
| | - YanJun Li
- Research Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co, Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Ou
- Research Institute of Food Science, Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co, Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guo Qing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering & Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Dieser SA, Fessia AS, Ferrari MP, Raspanti CG, Odierno LM. Streptococcus uberis: In vitro biofilm production in response to carbohydrates and skim milk. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 49:305-310. [PMID: 28774481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis has become one of the most important environmental pathogens associated with clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. Biofilm confers to bacteria more resistance to physical and chemical agents as well as to different mechanisms of the innate immune system. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of in vitro biofilm production in 32 S. uberis isolates from bovine mastitis and identified by biochemical tests and subsequently confirmed by the amplification of the pauA gene. The isolates were cultivated in TMP broth and TMP broth with the addition of 0.5% glucose, 1% sucrose, 1% lactose or 0.5% skim milk in microtiter plates stained with crystal violet. We demonstrated that S. uberis isolated from bovine mastitis are able to produce biofilms in TMP broth and, also that biofilm formation by S. uberis can be significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.5% glucose or 1% sucrose to TMP broth. This may suggest that the carbohydrates in milk or within the ruminant gut might affect the growth mode of S. uberis. In addition, our results showed that in vitro biofilm production under different conditions of supplementation displays variation among the isolates and that each isolate shows a particular profile of biofilm production. This phenotypic heterogeneity in biofilm production exhibited by S. uberis could at least partly explain why this bacterium has the ability to adapt to different niches facilitating survival to diverse and stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana A Dieser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Aluminé S Fessia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Miriam P Ferrari
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Raspanti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana M Odierno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Exact, Physico-Chemical and Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Route 36 at Km 601, X5804ZAB Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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10
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Probing vaccine antigens against bovine mastitis caused by Streptococcus uberis. Vaccine 2016; 34:3848-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Yang J, He Y, Jiang J, Chen W, Gao Q, Pan L, Shi C. Comparative proteomic analysis by iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS provides insight into the key proteins involved in Cronobacter sp. biofilm formation. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Gomes F, Saavedra MJ, Henriques M. Bovine mastitis disease/pathogenicity: evidence of the potential role of microbial biofilms. Pathog Dis 2016; 74:ftw006. [PMID: 26772653 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is a disease with high incidence worldwide and one of the most relevant bovine pathologies and the most costly to the dairy industry. BM is an inflammation of the udder and represents one of the most difficult veterinary diseases to control. Biofilm formation is considered a selective advantage for pathogens causing mastitis, facilitating bacterial persistence in the udder. In fact, recently some authors drew attention to the biofilm formation ability presented by several mastitis causing pathogens and to its possible relation with recurrent mastitis infections and with the increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and host immune defence system. Actually, up to now, several researchers reported the potential role of cells in this mode of growth in the previous facts mentioned. As a consequence of the presence of biofilms, the infection here focused is more difficult to treat and eradicate, making this problem a more relevant pressing issue. Thus, we believe that a deeper knowledge of these structures in mastitis can help to determine the best control strategy to be used in veterinary practice in order to reduce losses in the dairy industry and to ensure milk safety and quality. The aim of this paper was to review the existing research and consequently to provide an overview of the role of biofilms in BM infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Gomes
- CEB, Center of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CECAV- Veterinary and Animal Science Research Center, Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apartado 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB, Center of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Tassi R, McNeilly TN, Sipka A, Zadoks RN. Correlation of hypothetical virulence traits of two Streptococcus uberis strains with the clinical manifestation of bovine mastitis. Vet Res 2015; 46:123. [PMID: 26497306 PMCID: PMC4619225 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0268-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Several virulence mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the species' ability to cause disease. Here, virulence characteristics were compared between S. uberis strains FSL Z1-048, which consistently caused clinical mastitis in a challenge model, and FSL Z1-124, which consistently failed to cause disease in the same model, to ascertain whether in vitro virulence characteristics were related to clinical outcome. Macrophages derived from bovine blood monocytes failed to kill FSL Z1-048 whilst reducing survival of FSL Z1-124 by 42.5%. Conversely, blood derived polymorphonuclear cells caused more reduction (67.1 vs. 44.2%, respectively) in the survival of FSL Z1-048 than in survival of FSL Z1-124. After 3 h of coincubation with bovine mammary epithelial cell line BME-UV1, 1000-fold higher adherence was observed for FSL Z1-048 compared to FSL Z1-124, despite presence of a frame shift mutation in the sua gene of FSL Z1-048 that resulted in predicted truncation of the S. uberis Adhesion Molecule (SUAM) protein. In contrast, FSL Z1-124 showed higher ability than FSL Z1-048 to invade BME-UV1 cells. Finally, observed biofilm formation by FSL Z1-124 was significantly greater than for FSL Z1-048. In summary, for several hypothetical virulence characteristics, virulence phenotype in vitro did not match disease phenotype in vivo. Evasion of macrophage killing and adhesion to mammary epithelial cells were the only in vitro traits associated with virulence in vivo, making them attractive targets for further research into pathogenesis and control of S. uberis mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Tassi
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK.
| | - Anja Sipka
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Ruth N Zadoks
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, EH26 0PZ, UK. .,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA. .,Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK.
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14
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Salomäki T, Karonen T, Siljamäki P, Savijoki K, Nyman TA, Varmanen P, Iivanainen A. A Streptococcus uberis transposon mutant screen reveals a negative role for LiaR homologue in biofilm formation. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 118:1-10. [PMID: 25308550 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The environmental pathogen Streptococcus uberis causes intramammary infections in dairy cows. Because biofilm growth might contribute to Strep. uberis mastitis, we conducted a biological screen to identify genes potentially involved in the regulation of biofilm growth. METHODS AND RESULTS By screening a transposon mutant library of Strep. uberis, we determined that the disruption of 13 genes (including hasA, coaC, clpP, miaA, nox and uidA) led to increased biofilm formation. One of the genes (SUB1382) encoded a homologue of the LiaR response regulator (RR) of the Bacillus subtilis two-component signalling system (TCS). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that DNA binding by LiaR was greatly enhanced by phosphorylation. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analyses of the liaR mutant and the parental Strep. uberis strain revealed five differentially produced proteins with at least a 1·5-fold change in relative abundance (P < 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The DNA-binding protein LiaR is a potential regulator of biofilm formation by Strep. uberis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Several molecular primary and downstream targets involved in biofilm formation by Strep. uberis were identified. This provides a solid foundation for further studies on the regulation of biofilm formation in this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Salomäki
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the first application of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, the development and spread of resistance has been a persistent threat. An ever evolving pipeline of next-generation therapeutics is required for modern medicine to remain one step ahead of pathogens. AREAS COVERED This review describes recent efforts to develop drugs that interrupt the assimilation of iron by bacteria: a process that is vital to cellular homeostasis and is not currently targeted by antibiotics used in the clinic. This review also covers the mechanisms by which bacteria acquire iron for their environment, and details efforts to intervene in these processes, using small molecule inhibitors that target key steps in these pathways, with a special emphasis on recent advances published during the 2010 - 2012 period. EXPERT OPINION For decades, the routes used by bacteria to assimilate iron from host and environmental settings have been the subject of intense study. While numerous investigations have identified inhibitors of these pathways, many have stopped short of translating the in vitro results to in vivo proof of concept experiments. The extension of preliminary findings in this manner will significantly increase the impact of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Foley
- National Institutes of Health, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Preclinical Innovation, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370, USA
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Du XJ, Wang F, Lu X, Rasco BA, Wang S. Biochemical and genetic characteristics of Cronobacter sakazakii biofilm formation. Res Microbiol 2012; 163:448-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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