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Jang J, Ishii S. Whole-genome sequence of Bacillus pseudomycoides strain I32, a nitrous oxide-producing bacterium isolated from a woodchip bioreactor. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0080923. [PMID: 37982652 PMCID: PMC10720413 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00809-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We report here the draft whole-genome sequence of Bacillus pseudomycoides strain I32, a bacterium isolated from the denitrifying woodchip bioreactor and showing rhizoidal colony morphology with filamentous swirling pattern on the agar medium plate. The isolate produced nitrous oxide without known nitric oxide reductase genes on the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Jang
- Division of Biotechnology and Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Nakano M. An improved DNA extraction method for detecting Bacillus subtilis spores in spiked foods and beverages. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 401:110280. [PMID: 37327536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus and Paenibacillus spp. are essential aerobic spoilage bacteria in various food industry sectors. Spoilage from microorganisms occurs at many points throughout food production systems. Due to their complex wall structures, spores can resist heat, radiation, chemical agents, and enzymatic treatments. An alkaline lysis and mechanical disruption combination method was developed and evaluated to counter this. This combination method effectively improved DNA extraction from B. subtilis spore cells spiked into food (solid) and beverages (liquid milk and coffee) at concentrations down to 102 CFU/mL or g when spiked into food matrices and drinks. Released DNA recoveries were 27 % and 25 % for potato salad and 38 % and 36 % for whole corn spiked at 106 and 103 CFU/mL concentrations. Conversely, there was a low recovery for wheat flour (10 % and 8.8 %) and milk powders (12 % and 25 %) at 106 and 103 CFU/mL spiked concentrations. The combination method provides rapid, specific, reliable, and accurate signature sequences identification for the detection and presence confirmation of psychrophilic and psychrotolerant spoilage spore cells, improving food spoilage assessments and food control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo Nakano
- Division of Food Science, Toyo Institute of Food Technology, 23-2, 4-chome, Minami-hanayashiki, Kawanishi, Hyogo 666-0026, Japan.
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Manzulli V, Rondinone V, Buchicchio A, Serrecchia L, Cipolletta D, Fasanella A, Parisi A, Difato L, Iatarola M, Aceti A, Poppa E, Tolve F, Pace L, Petruzzi F, Rovere ID, Raele DA, Del Sambro L, Giangrossi L, Galante D. Discrimination of Bacillus cereus Group Members by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061202. [PMID: 34199368 PMCID: PMC8228078 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technology is currently increasingly used in diagnostic laboratories as a cost effective, rapid and reliable routine technique for the identification and typing of microorganisms. In this study, we used MALDI-TOF MS to analyze a collection of 160 strains belonging to the Bacillus cereus group (57 B. anthracis, 49 B. cereus, 1 B. mycoides, 18 B. wiedmannii, 27 B. thuringiensis, 7 B. toyonensis and 1 B. weihenstephanensis) and to detect specific biomarkers which would allow an unequivocal identification. The Main Spectra Profiles (MSPs) were added to an in-house reference library, expanding the current commercial library which does not include B. toyonensis and B. wiedmannii mass spectra. The obtained mass spectra were statistically compared by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that revealed seven different clusters. Moreover, for the identification purpose, were generated dedicate algorithms for a rapid and automatic detection of characteristic ion peaks after the mass spectra acquisition. The presence of specific biomarkers can be used to differentiate strains within the B. cereus group and to make a reliable identification of Bacillus anthracis, etiologic agent of anthrax, which is the most pathogenic and feared bacterium of the group. This could offer a critical time advantage for the diagnosis and for the clinical management of human anthrax even in case of bioterror attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Manzulli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Valeria Rondinone
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0881-786330
| | - Alessandro Buchicchio
- Bruker Italia s.r.l., Daltonics Division, Strada Cluentina, 26/R, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Luigina Serrecchia
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Dora Cipolletta
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Antonio Fasanella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Antonio Parisi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Laura Difato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Michela Iatarola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Angela Aceti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Elena Poppa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Francesco Tolve
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Pace
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Fiorenza Petruzzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Ines Della Rovere
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Donato Antonio Raele
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Laura Del Sambro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Luigi Giangrossi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Domenico Galante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata, Via Manfredonia 20, 71121 Foggia, Italy; (V.M.); (L.S.); (D.C.); (A.F.); (A.P.); (L.D.); (M.I.); (A.A.); (E.P.); (F.T.); (L.P.); (F.P.); (I.D.R.); (D.A.R.); (L.D.S.); (L.G.); (D.G.)
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Nakano M. Development of a multiplex real-time PCR assay for the identification and quantification of group-specific Bacillus spp. and the genus Paenibacillus. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 323:108573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhuang K, Li H, Zhang Z, Wu S, Zhang Y, Fox EM, Man C, Jiang Y. Typing and evaluating heat resistance of Bacillus cereus sensu stricto isolated from the processing environment of powdered infant formula. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7781-7793. [PMID: 31255274 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus sensu lato is one of the most harmful bacterial groups affecting the quality and safety of powdered infant formula (PIF). In this study, samples were collected from the raw materials and processing environments of PIF. A total of 84 isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus sensu stricto (B. cereus s. s.) by 16S rRNA analysis, molecular typing technology, and physiological and biochemical tests. The 84 B. cereus s. s. strains were assigned to panC group II, group III, and group IV. Then, the 7 housekeeping genes glpF, gmk, ilvD, pta, pur, pycA, and tpi were selected for multilocus sequence typing. Results showed that the 84 isolates were clustered into 24 sequence types (ST), and 14 novel ST were detected. Among the 24 ST, ST999 (19/84, 22.62%) and ST1343 (13/84, 15.48%) predominated. The correlation between processing areas and ST showed that the processing environments of the production and packing areas were the most susceptible to contamination by B. cereus s. s. Spores of these ST showed different heat resistance phenotypes evaluated by the analysis of DT (time in minutes of spore decimal reduction at each temperature) and Z values (temperature increase required to reduce the DT value to one-tenth of the original). Spores from group III according to panC gene analysis were the most heat resistant. These findings will help us to better understand B. cereus s. s. contamination and control in PIF processing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yashuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Edward M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom NE 98; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Werribee, VIC 3030, Australia
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Frentzel H, Kraushaar B, Krause G, Bodi D, Wichmann-Schauer H, Appel B, Mader A. Phylogenetic and toxinogenic characteristics of Bacillus cereus group members isolated from spices and herbs. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Frentzel H, Thanh MD, Krause G, Appel B, Mader A. Quantification and differentiation of Bacillus cereus group species in spices and herbs by real-time PCR. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chelliah R, Wei S, Park BJ, Kim SH, Park DS, Kim SH, Hwan KS, Oh DH. Novel motB as a potential predictive tool for identification of B. cereus, B. thuringiensis and differentiation from other Bacillus species by triplex real-time PCR. Microb Pathog 2017; 111:22-27. [PMID: 28778821 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative triplex real-time PCR (qPCR) offers an alternative method for detection of bacterial contamination. It provides quantitation of the number of gene copies. In our study, we established a qPCR assay to detect and quantify the specificity towards Bacillus cereus and B. thuringiensis. The assay was designed to detect a 280 bp fragment of motB gene encoding the flagellar motor protein, specific for detection of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, excluding other group species B. pseudomycoides, B. mycoides and B. weihenstephanensis. Specificity of the assay was confirmed with 111 strains belonging to Bacillus cereus group and performed against 58 B. cereus, 50 B. thuringiensis, 3 other Bacillus bacteria and 9 non-Bacillus bacteria. Detection limit was determined for each assay. Direct analysis of samples revealed the specificity towards identification and characterization of B. cereus group cultured in nutrient media. Based on results, it was observed that motB showed 97% specificity towards B. cereus strains, 98% for B. thuringiensis but other B. cereus group showed less sensitivity (0%), thus, provides an efficient tool to identify B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. Further, environmental and food samples do not require band isolation, re-amplification or sequence identification. Thus, reducing the time and cost of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuai Wei
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Suk Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Han Kim
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Seok Hwan
- Food Microbiology Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Xia X, Ran C, Ye X, Li G, Kan J, Zheng J. Monitoring of the bacterial communities of bamboo shoots (Dendrocalamus latiflorus) during pickling process. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejuan Xia
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chunxia Ran
- Department of Medical Technology; Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College; Chongqing 404120 China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Guannan Li
- College of Biotechnology; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jiong Zheng
- College of Food Science; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 China
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Detection of DNA from Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus after simplified enrichment using a novel multiplex real-time PCR system. Eur Food Res Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Prospects for improved control of dairy-relevant sporeformers using -omics technologies. Curr Opin Food Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cattani F, Barth VC, Nasário JSR, Ferreira CAS, Oliveira SD. Detection and quantification of viable Bacillus cereus group species in milk by propidium monoazide quantitative real-time PCR. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:2617-2624. [PMID: 26830746 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillus cereus group includes important spore-forming bacteria that present spoilage capability and may cause foodborne diseases. These microorganisms are traditionally evaluated in food using culturing methods, which can be laborious and time-consuming, and may also fail to detect bacteria in a viable but nonculturable state. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) combined with a propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment to analyze the contamination of UHT milk by B. cereus group species viable cells. Thirty micrograms per milliliter of PMA was shown to be the most effective concentration for reducing the PCR amplification of extracellular DNA and DNA from dead cells. The quantification limit of the PMA-qPCR assay was 7.5 × 10(2) cfu/mL of milk. One hundred thirty-five UHT milk samples were analyzed to evaluate the association of PMA to qPCR to selectively detect viable cells. The PMA-qPCR was able to detect B. cereus group species in 44 samples (32.6%), whereas qPCR without PMA detected 78 positive samples (57.8%). Therefore, the PMA probably inhibited the amplification of DNA from cells that were killed during UHT processing, which avoided an overestimation of bacterial cells when using qPCR and, thus, did not overvalue potential health risks. A culture-based method was also used to detect and quantify B. cereus sensu stricto in the same samples and showed positive results in 15 (11.1%) samples. The culture method and PMA-qPCR allowed the detection of B. cereus sensu stricto in quantities compatible with the infective dose required to cause foodborne disease in 3 samples, indicating that, depending on the storage conditions, even after UHT treatment, infective doses may be reached in ready-to-consume products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cattani
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valdir C Barth
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S R Nasário
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos A S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sílvia D Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Microbiologia, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Ranjbar R, Afshar D. Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid detection of Yersinia enterocolitica via targeting a conserved locus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2015; 7:185-90. [PMID: 26697156 PMCID: PMC4685161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a novel nucleic acid amplification assay providing as a simple diagnostic tool for rapid identification of microbial diseases in developing countries. In this study, a LAMP assay was established for Yersinia enterocolitica, a leading cause of acute enterocolitis in young children. MATERIALS AND METHODS LAMP assay was established with four primers targeting a specific locus for the detection of Y. enterocolitica. The assay was conducted at 65°C in thermo block for 90min. The sensitivity of LAMP was evaluated in comparison to conventional PCR using pTZ57R containing the target locus. Finally, specificity was assessed using DNA from common enteropathogenic bacteria. RESULTS Results showed that the sensitivity of LAMP assay was 44-copy number, which was 10-fold higher than that of PCR. No cross-reactivity was observed when testing against other enteropathogenic pathogens. CONCLUSION This study showed that LAMP assay is an alternative molecular diagnostic tool for infections with Y. enterocolitica. In addition, this method may be useful in diagnosis at field or in laboratories without PCR machine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davoud Afshar
- Corresponding author: Molecular Biology Research enter, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188039883, E-mail:
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Chromosome-Directed PCR-Based Detection and Quantification of Bacillus cereus Group Members with Focus on B. thuringiensis Serovar israelensis Active against Nematoceran Larvae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4894-903. [PMID: 25979887 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00671-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis is a wide-spread soil bacterium affiliated with the B. cereus group (Bcg) and is widely used in biocontrol products applied against mosquito and black fly larvae. For monitoring and quantification of applied B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and its effect on indigenous B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bcg assemblages, efficient and reliable tools are essential. The abundance and properties of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis strains in the environment traditionally have been investigated with cultivation-dependent techniques, which are hampered by low sensitivity and the morphological similarity between B. cereus and B. thuringiensis. Currently available PCR-based detection and quantification tools target markers located on plasmids. In this study, a new cultivation-independent PCR-based method for efficient and specific quantification of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bcg is presented, utilizing two sets of PCR primers targeting the bacterial chromosome. Sequence database searches and empirical tests performed on target and nontarget species, as well as on bulk soil DNA samples, demonstrated that this diagnostic tool is specific for B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis and Bcg. The method will be useful for comparisons of Bcg and B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis abundances in the same samples. Moreover, the effect of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis-based insecticide application on the total Bcg assemblages, including indigenous populations, can be investigated. This type of information is valuable in risk assessment and policy making for use of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis in the environment.
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Adley CC. Past, Present and Future of Sensors in Food Production. Foods 2014; 3:491-510. [PMID: 28234333 PMCID: PMC5302250 DOI: 10.3390/foods3030491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination management is a crucial task in the food industry. Undesirable microbial spoilage in a modern food processing plant poses a risk to consumers' health, causing severe economic losses to the manufacturers and retailers, contributing to wastage of food and a concern to the world's food supply. The main goal of the quality management is to reduce the time interval between the filling and the detection of a microorganism before release, from several days, to minutes or, at most, hours. This would allow the food company to stop the production, limiting the damage to just a part of the entire batch, with considerable savings in terms of product value, thereby avoiding the utilization of raw materials, packaging and strongly reducing food waste. Sensor systems offer major advantages over current systems as they are versatile and affordable but need to be integrated in the existing processing systems as a process analytical control (PAT) tool. The desire for good selectivity, low cost, portable and usable at working sites, sufficiently rapid to be used at-line or on-line, and no sample preparation devices are required. The application of biosensors in the food industry still has to compete with the standard analytical techniques in terms of cost, performance and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Adley
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Environmental Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Deshmukh HS, Liu Y, Menkiti OR, Mei J, Dai N, O’Leary CE, Oliver PM, Kolls JK, Weiser JN, Worthen GS. The microbiota regulates neutrophil homeostasis and host resistance to Escherichia coli K1 sepsis in neonatal mice. Nat Med 2014; 20:524-30. [PMID: 24747744 PMCID: PMC4016187 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal colonization by microbes, which begins immediately after birth, is influenced by gestational age and the mother's microbiota and is modified by exposure to antibiotics. In neonates, prolonged duration of antibiotic therapy is associated with increased risk of late-onset sepsis (LOS), a disorder controlled by neutrophils. A role for the microbiota in regulating neutrophil development and susceptibility to sepsis in the neonate remains unclear. We exposed pregnant mouse dams to antibiotics in drinking water to limit transfer of maternal microbes to the neonates. Antibiotic exposure of dams decreased the total number and composition of microbes in the intestine of the neonates. This was associated with decreased numbers of circulating and bone marrow neutrophils and granulocyte/macrophage-restricted progenitor cells in the bone marrow of antibiotic-treated and germ-free neonates. Antibiotic exposure of dams reduced the number of interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing cells in the intestine and production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Granulocytopenia was associated with impaired host defense and increased susceptibility to Escherichia coli K1 and Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis in antibiotic-treated neonates, which could be partially reversed by administration of G-CSF. Transfer of a normal microbiota into antibiotic-treated neonates induced IL-17 production by group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the intestine, increasing plasma G-CSF levels and neutrophil numbers in a Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent manner and restored IL-17-dependent resistance to sepsis. Specific depletion of ILCs prevented IL-17- and G-CSF-dependent granulocytosis and resistance to sepsis. These data support a role for the intestinal microbiota in regulation of granulocytosis, neutrophil homeostasis and host resistance to sepsis in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh S. Deshmukh
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ogechukwu R. Menkiti
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Junjie Mei
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ning Dai
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Claire E. O’Leary
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Paula M. Oliver
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jay K. Kolls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jeffrey N. Weiser
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - G. Scott Worthen
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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