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Zaidi SEZ, Zaheer R, Zovoilis A, McAllister TA. Enterococci as a One Health indicator of antimicrobial resistance. Can J Microbiol 2024; 70:303-335. [PMID: 38696839 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2024-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid increase of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in humans and livestock is concerning. Antimicrobials are essential for the treatment of disease in modern day medicine, and their misuse in humans and food animals has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Globally, antimicrobial resistance is recognized as a One Health problem affecting humans, animals, and environment. Enterococcal species are Gram-positive bacteria that are widely distributed in nature. Their occurrence, prevalence, and persistence across the One Health continuum make them an ideal candidate to study antimicrobial resistance from a One Health perspective. The objective of this review was to summarize the role of enterococci as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance across One Health sectors. We also briefly address the prevalence of enterococci in human, animal, and environmental settings. In addition, a 16S RNA gene-based phylogenetic tree was constructed to visualize the evolutionary relationship among enterococcal species and whether they segregate based on host environment. We also review the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in enterococcal species across the One Health continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sani-E-Zehra Zaidi
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg
| | - Rahat Zaheer
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Athanasios Zovoilis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- University of Manitoba, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, 745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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2
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Hourigan D, Stefanovic E, Hill C, Ross RP. Promiscuous, persistent and problematic: insights into current enterococcal genomics to guide therapeutic strategy. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:103. [PMID: 38539119 PMCID: PMC10976773 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03243-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are major opportunistic pathogens and the causative agents of serious diseases, such as urinary tract infections and endocarditis. VRE strains mainly include species of Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis which can colonise the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of patients and, following growth and persistence in the gut, can transfer to blood resulting in systemic dissemination in the body. Advancements in genomics have revealed that hospital-associated VRE strains are characterised by increased numbers of mobile genetic elements, higher numbers of antibiotic resistance genes and often lack active CRISPR-Cas systems. Additionally, comparative genomics have increased our understanding of dissemination routes among patients and healthcare workers. Since the efficiency of currently available antibiotics is rapidly declining, new measures to control infection and dissemination of these persistent pathogens are urgently needed. These approaches include combinatory administration of antibiotics, strengthening colonisation resistance of the gut microbiota to reduce VRE proliferation through commensals or probiotic bacteria, or switching to non-antibiotic bacterial killers, such as bacteriophages or bacteriocins. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of the genomics of VRE isolates and state-of-the-art therapeutic advances against VRE infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hourigan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ewelina Stefanovic
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Moorepark West, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, Biosciences Research Institute, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Rd, University College, Cork, Ireland.
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Moorepark West, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
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Baindara P, Mandal SM. Gut-Antimicrobial Peptides: Synergistic Co-Evolution with Antibiotics to Combat Multi-Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1732. [PMID: 38136766 PMCID: PMC10740742 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to huge diversity and dynamic competition, the human gut microbiome produces a diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play an important role in human health. The gut microbiome has an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis by the AMPs and by interacting with other human organs via established connections such as the gut-lung, and gut-brain axis. Additionally, gut AMPs play a synergistic role with other gut microbiota and antimicrobials to maintain gut homeostasis by fighting against multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) bacteria. Further, conventional antibiotics intake creates a synergistic evolutionary pressure for gut AMPs, where antibiotics and gut AMPs fight synergistically against MAR. Overall, gut AMPs are evolving under a complex and highly synergistic co-evolutionary pressure created by the various interactions between gut microbiota, gut AMPs, and antibiotics; however, the complete mechanism is not well understood. The current review explores the synergistic action of gut AMPs and antibiotics along with possibilities to fight against MAR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Radiation Oncology, NextGen Precision Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India;
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Vargová M, Revajová V, Lauková A, Hurníková Z, Dvorožňáková E. Modulatory Effect of Beneficial Enterococci and Their Enterocins on the Blood Phagocytes in Murine Experimental Trichinellosis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1930. [PMID: 37763333 PMCID: PMC10532878 DOI: 10.3390/life13091930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriocins (enterocins) represent a new therapeutic strategy in various intestinal and non-intestinal infections. In antiparasitic defence, an oxidative inflammation of phagocytes is effective in destroying new-born Trichinella spiralis larvae. The strains Enterococcus faecium CCM8558 and E. durans ED26E/7 and their enterocins, enterocin M and a durancin-like enterocin, respectively, were administered daily, and mice were then infected with T. spiralis larvae on the seventh day of treatment. Phagotest and Bursttest kits were used to detect the phagocytosis and respiratory burst in blood leukocytes. T. spiralis infection inhibited phagocytosis from day 11 post-infection (dpi) during the migration of new-born larvae into the muscles. E. faecium CCM8558, E. durans ED26E/7, and the durancin-like enterocin increased phagocytic activity from day 11 dpi. Both strains and their enterocins (enterocin M and durancin-like) stimulated the ingestion capability of phagocytes from 18 to 32 dpi. Enterococci/enterocins therapy prevented a reduction in cells with respiratory burst caused by T. spiralis infection from 11 dpi. The enzymatic activity of phagocytes was stimulated on 18 and 25 dpi, particularly by E. faecium CCM8558 and enterocin M. Enterocin M and the durancin-like enterocin were as effective in stimulating phagocytosis as the bacterial strains that produce them. The stimulation of phagocytosis could contribute to decreased larval migration and reduced parasite burden in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Vargová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001 Košice, Slovakia; (M.V.); (Z.H.)
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Andrea Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Zuzana Hurníková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001 Košice, Slovakia; (M.V.); (Z.H.)
| | - Emília Dvorožňáková
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001 Košice, Slovakia; (M.V.); (Z.H.)
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Antoshina DV, Balandin SV, Bogdanov IV, Vershinina MA, Sheremeteva EV, Toropygin IY, Finkina EI, Ovchinnikova TV. Antimicrobial Activity and Immunomodulatory Properties of Acidocin A, the Pediocin-like Bacteriocin with the Non-Canonical Structure. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1253. [PMID: 36557160 PMCID: PMC9780942 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pediocin-like bacteriocins are among the natural antimicrobial agents attracting attention as scaffolds for the development of a new generation of antibiotics. Acidocin A has significant structural differences from most other members of this subclass. We studied its antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, as well as effects on the permeability of E. coli membranes in comparison with avicin A, the typical pediocin-like bacteriocin. Acidocin A had a more marked tendency to form an alpha-helical structure upon contact with detergent micelles, as was shown by CD spectroscopy, and demonstrated considerably less specific mode of action: it inhibited growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, which were unsusceptible to avicin A, and disrupted the integrity of outer and inner membranes of E. coli. However, the peptide retained a low toxicity towards normal and tumor human cells. The effect of mutations in the pediocin box of acidocin A (on average, a 2-4-fold decrease in activity) was less pronounced than is usually observed for such peptides. Using multiplex analysis, we showed that acidocin A and avicin A modulated the expression level of a number of cytokines and growth factors in primary human monocytes. Acidocin A induced the production of a number of inflammatory mediators (IL-6, TNFα, MIG/CXCL9, MCP-1/CCL2, MCP-3/CCL7, and MIP-1β) and inhibited the production of some anti-inflammatory factors (IL-1RA, MDC/CCL22). We assumed that the activity of acidocin A and similar peptides produced by lactic acid bacteria might affect the functional state of the human intestinal tract, not only through direct inhibition of various groups of symbiotic and pathogenic bacteria, but also via immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Antoshina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Balandin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Vershinina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elvira V. Sheremeteva
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia Yu. Toropygin
- V.N. Orekhovich Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Chou S, Zhang S, Guo H, Chang YF, Zhao W, Mou X. Targeted Antimicrobial Agents as Potential Tools for Modulating the Gut Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:879207. [PMID: 35875544 PMCID: PMC9302920 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.879207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining the health of the hosts; however, there is accumulating evidence that certain bacteria in the host, termed pathobionts, play roles in the progression of diseases. Although antibiotics can be used to eradicate unwanted bacteria, the side effects of antibiotic treatment lead to a great need for more targeted antimicrobial agents as tools to modulate the microbiome more precisely. Herein, we reviewed narrow-spectrum antibiotics naturally made by plants and microorganisms, followed by more targeted antibiotic agents including synthetic peptides, phage, and targeted drug delivery systems, from the perspective of using them as potential tools for modulating the gut microbiome for favorable effects on the health of the host. Given the emerging discoveries on pathobionts and the increasing knowledge on targeted antimicrobial agents reviewed in this article, we anticipate targeted antimicrobial agents will emerge as a new generation of a drug to treat microbiome-involved diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Chou
- Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shiqing Zhang
- Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huating Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yung-fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjing Zhao, ;
| | - Xiangyu Mou
- Center for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Xiangyu Mou,
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7
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Tiwari SK. Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Controlling Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:851140. [PMID: 35651753 PMCID: PMC9149203 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.851140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strains of lactic acid bacteria are potent probiotics and can cure a variety of diseases using different modes of actions. These bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins, which inhibit or kill generally closely related bacterial strains and other pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria, Clostridium, and Salmonella. Bacteriocins are cationic peptides that kill the target cells by pore formation and the dissipation of cytosolic contents, leading to cell death. Bacteriocins are also known to modulate native microbiota and host immunity, affecting several health-promoting functions of the host. In this review, we have discussed the ability of bacteriocin-producing probiotic lactic acid bacteria in the modulation of gut microbiota correcting dysbiosis and treatment/maintenance of a few important human disorders such as chronic infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, and cancer.
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Fernandes A, Jobby R. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria and their potential clinical applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4377-4399. [PMID: 35290605 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides that have long been used in the food industry. Being a highly diverse and heterogeneous group of molecules the classification is ever-evolving. Their production is widespread among bacteria; nevertheless, their biosynthesis and mode of action remain fairly similar. With the advances in drug resistance mechanisms, it is important to look for alternatives to conventional approaches. Therefore, the advantages of bacteriocin over antibiotics need to be considered to provide a scientific basis for their use. Particularly in the last decade, intensive studies look at their potential as next-generation therapeutics against drug-resistant bacteria. Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria are being tested as controlling agents for bacterial and viral infections; they can inhibit biofilm synthesis and have potential as contraceptives. Bioengineered peptides have shown enhanced activity and thereby indicate the lack of knowledge we possess regarding these bacteriocins. In this review, we have listed various Gram-positive LAB bacteriocins with their synthesis and mechanism of action. Recent developments in screening and purification technologies have been analyzed with an emphasis on their potential clinical applications. Although extensive research has been done to identify multifunctional bacteriocins, it is important to focus on the mechanism of action of these peptides to get them from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Fernandes
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Maharashtra, 410206, India
| | - Renitta Jobby
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Maharashtra, 410206, India. .,Centre of Excellence in Astrobiology, Amity University Maharashtra, Mumbai-Pune Expressway, Bhatan, Panvel, Maharashtra, 410206, India.
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9
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Gu X, Zhao J, Zhang R, Yu R, Guo T, Kong J. Molecular Analysis of Glutamate Decarboxylases in Enterococcus avium. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:691968. [PMID: 34566904 PMCID: PMC8461050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.691968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus avium (E. avium) is a common bacterium inhabiting the intestines of humans and other animals. Most strains of this species can produce gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) via the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system, but the presence and genetic organization of their GAD systems are poorly characterized. In this study, our bioinformatics analyses showed that the GAD system in E. avium strains was generally encoded by three gadB genes (gadB1, gadB2, and gadB3), together with an antiporter gene (gadC) and regulator gene (gadR), and these genes are organized in a cluster. This finding contrasts with that for other lactic acid bacteria. E. avium SDMCC050406, a GABA producer isolated from human feces, was employed to investigate the contribution of the three gadB genes to GABA biosynthesis. The results showed that the relative expression level of gadB3 was higher than those of gadB1 and gadB2 in the exponential growth and stationary phases, and this was accompanied by the synchronous transcription of gadC. After heterologous expression of the three gadB genes in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), the Km value of the purified GAD3 was 4.26 ± 0.48 mM, a value lower than those of the purified GAD1 and GAD2. Moreover, gadB3 gene inactivation caused decreased GABA production, accompanied by a reduction in resistance to acid stress. These results indicated that gadB3 plays a crucial role in GABA biosynthesis and this property endowed the strain with acid tolerance. Our findings provided insights into how E. avium strains survive the acidic environments of fermented foods and throughout transit through the stomach and gut while maintaining cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiancun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruohan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Purification and characterization of bacteriocins-like inhibitory substances from food isolated Enterococcus faecalis OS13 with activity against nosocomial enterococci. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3795. [PMID: 33589735 PMCID: PMC7884432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by enterococci are an ongoing global threat. Thus, finding therapeutic agents for the treatment of such infections are crucial. Some Enterococcus faecalis strains are able to produce antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins. We analyzed 65 E. faecalis isolates from 43 food samples and 22 clinical samples in Egypt for 17 common bacteriocin-encoding genes of Enterococcus spp. These genes were absent in 11 isolates that showed antimicrobial activity putatively due to bacteriocins (three from food, including isolate OS13, and eight from clinical isolates). The food-isolated E. faecalis OS13 produced bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) named enterocin OS13, which comprised two peptides (enterocin OS13α OS13β) that inhibited the growth of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. The molecular weights of enterocin OS13α and OS13β were determined as 8079 Da and 7859 Da, respectively, and both were heat-labile. Enterocin OS13α was sensitive to proteinase K, while enterocin OS13β was resistant. Characterization of E. faecalis OS13 isolate revealed that it belonged to sequence type 116. It was non-hemolytic, bile salt hydrolase-negative, gelatinase-positive, and sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. In conclusion, BLIS as enterocin OS13α and OS13β represent antimicrobial agents with activities against antibiotic-resistant enterococcal isolates.
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11
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Metabolic Shift of an Isogenic Strain of Enterococcus faecalis 14, Deficient in Its Own Bacteriocin Synthesis, as Revealed by a Transcriptomic Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134653. [PMID: 32629918 PMCID: PMC7369866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of antimicrobial molecules often involves complex biological pathways. This study aimed at understanding the metabolic and physiological networks of enterocin EntDD14-associated function, in the bacteriocinogenic strain, Enterococcus faecalis 14. A global and comparative transcriptomic study was carried out on E. faecalis 14 and its isogenic mutant Δbac, inactivated in genes coding for EntDD14. The in vitro ability to form biofilm on polystyrene plates was assessed by the crystal violet method, while the cytotoxicity on human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8. Transcriptomic data revealed that 71 genes were differentially expressed in both strains. As expected, genes coding for EntDD14 were downregulated in the Δbac mutant, whereas the other 69 genes were upregulated. Upregulated genes were associated with phage-related chromosomal islands, biofilm formation capability, resistance to environmental stresses, and metabolic reprogramming. Interestingly, the Δbac mutant showed an improved bacterial growth, a high capacity to form biofilm on inanimate surfaces and a very weak cytotoxicity level. These multiple metabolic rearrangements delineate a new line of defense to counterbalance the loss of EntDD14.
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12
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Wang CY, Medlin JS, Nguyen DR, Disbennett WM, Dawid S. Molecular Determinants of Substrate Selectivity of a Pneumococcal Rgg-Regulated Peptidase-Containing ABC Transporter. mBio 2020; 11:e02502-19. [PMID: 32047125 PMCID: PMC7018657 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02502-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidase-containing ABC transporters (PCATs) are a widely distributed family of transporters which secrete double-glycine (GG) peptides. In the opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), the PCATs ComAB and BlpAB have been shown to secrete quorum-sensing pheromones and bacteriocins related to the competence and pneumocin pathways. Here, we describe another pneumococcal PCAT, RtgAB, encoded by the rtg locus and found intact in 17% of strains. The Rgg/SHP-like quorum-sensing system RtgR/S, which uses a peptide pheromone with a distinctive Trp-X-Trp motif, regulates expression of the rtg locus and provides a competitive fitness advantage in a mouse model of nasopharyngeal colonization. RtgAB secretes a set of coregulated rtg GG peptides. ComAB and BlpAB, which share a substrate pool, do not secrete the rtg GG peptides. Similarly, RtgAB does not efficiently secrete ComAB/BlpAB substrates. We examined the molecular determinants of substrate selectivity between ComAB, BlpAB, and RtgAB and found that the GG peptide signal sequences contain all the information necessary to direct secretion through specific transporters. Secretion through ComAB and BlpAB depends largely on the identity of four conserved hydrophobic signal sequence residues previously implicated in substrate recognition by PCATs. In contrast, a motif situated at the N-terminal end of the signal sequence, found only in rtg GG peptides, directs secretion through RtgAB. These findings illustrate the complexity in predicting substrate-PCAT pairings by demonstrating specificity that is not dictated solely by signal sequence residues previously implicated in substrate recognition.IMPORTANCE The export of peptides from the cell is a fundamental process carried out by all bacteria. One method of bacterial peptide export relies on a family of transporters called peptidase-containing ABC transporters (PCATs). PCATs export so-called GG peptides which carry out diverse functions, including cell-to-cell communication and interbacterial competition. In this work, we describe a PCAT-encoding genetic locus, rtg, in the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). The rtg locus is linked to increased competitive fitness advantage in a mouse model of nasopharyngeal colonization. We also describe how the rtg PCAT preferentially secretes a set of coregulated GG peptides but not GG peptides secreted by other pneumococcal PCATs. These findings illuminate a relatively understudied part of PCAT biology: how these transporters discriminate between different subsets of GG peptides. Ultimately, expanding our knowledge of PCATs will advance our understanding of the many microbial processes dependent on these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Y Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer S Medlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Don R Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Suzanne Dawid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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13
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Balandin SV, Finkina EI, Nurmukhamedova EKA, Tagaev AA, Umnyakova ES, Kokryakov VN, Shvets VI, Ovchinnikova TV. Biotechnological Method of Preparation and Characterization of Recombinant Antimicrobial Peptide Avicin A from Enterococcus avium. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 484:42-44. [PMID: 31012010 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Avicin A is a bacteriocin from the gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus avium. It exhibits a high microbicidal activity against bacteria of the genus Listeria, a causative agent of the severe human infection listeriosis. We developed a biotechnological method for obtaining avicin A and characterized its structure and biological activity. We also proposed a possible mechanism of the antimicrobial action of avicin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Balandin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E I Finkina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - E K-A Nurmukhamedova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Tagaev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Umnyakova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, 197341, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V N Kokryakov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Center, 197341, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V I Shvets
- Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, Russian Technological University (MIREA), 117571, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Ovchinnikova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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ABC transporter content diversity in Streptococcus pneumoniae impacts competence regulation and bacteriocin production. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E5776-E5785. [PMID: 29866828 PMCID: PMC6016807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804668115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) participates in horizontal gene transfer through genetic competence and produces antimicrobial peptides called “bacteriocins.” Here, we show that the competence and bacteriocin-related ABC transporters ComAB and BlpAB share the same substrate pool, resulting in bidirectional crosstalk between competence and bacteriocin regulation. We also clarify the role of each transporter in bacteriocin secretion and show that, based on their transporter content, pneumococcal strains can be separated into a majority opportunist group that uses bacteriocins only to support competence and a minority aggressor group that uses bacteriocins in broader contexts. Our findings will impact how bacteriocin regulation and production is modeled in the many other bacterial species that use ComAB/BlpAB-type transporters. The opportunistic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) uses natural genetic competence to increase its adaptability through horizontal gene transfer. One method of acquiring DNA is through predation of neighboring strains with antimicrobial peptides called “bacteriocins.” Competence and production of the major family of pneumococcal bacteriocins, pneumocins, are regulated by the quorum-sensing systems com and blp, respectively. In the classical paradigm, the ABC transporters ComAB and BlpAB each secretes its own system’s signaling pheromone and in the case of BlpAB also secretes the pneumocins. While ComAB is found in all pneumococci, only 25% of strains encode an intact version of BlpAB [BlpAB(+)] while the rest do not [BlpAB(−)]. Contrary to the classical paradigm, it was previously shown that BlpAB(−) strains can activate blp through ComAB-mediated secretion of the blp pheromone during brief periods of competence. To better understand the full extent of com-blp crosstalk, we examined the contribution of each transporter to competence development and pneumocin secretion. We found that BlpAB(+) strains have a greater capacity for competence activation through BlpAB-mediated secretion of the com pheromone. Similarly, we show that ComAB and BlpAB are promiscuous and both can secrete pneumocins. Consequently, differences in pneumocin secretion between BlpAB(+) and BlpAB(−) strains derive from the regulation and kinetics of transporter expression rather than substrate specificity. We speculate that BlpAB(−) strains (opportunists) use pneumocins mainly in a narrowly tailored role for DNA acquisition and defense during competence while BlpAB(+) strains (aggressors) expand their use for the general inhibition of rival strains.
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15
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Diversified transporters and pathways for bacteriocin secretion in gram-positive bacteria. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:4243-4253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Phumisantiphong U, Siripanichgon K, Reamtong O, Diraphat P. A novel bacteriocin from Enterococcus faecalis 478 exhibits a potent activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186415. [PMID: 29023515 PMCID: PMC5638566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant enterococci (MDRE) and particularly vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is considered a serious health problem worldwide, causing the need for new antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to discover and characterize bacteriocin against clinical isolates of MDRE and VRE. Over 10,000 bacterial isolates from water, environment and clinical samples were screened. E. faecalis strain 478 isolated from human feces produced the highest antibacterial activity against several MDRE and VRE strains. The optimum condition for bacteriocin production was cultivation in MRS broth at 37°C, pH 5-6 for 16 hours. The bacteriocin-like substance produced from E. faecalis strain EF478 was stable at 60°C for at least 1 hour and retained its antimicrobial activity after storage at -20°C for 1 year, at 4°C for 6 months, and at 25°C for 2 months. A nano-HPLC electrospray ionization multi-stage tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis showed that the amino acid sequences of the bacteriocin-like substance was similar to serine protease of E. faecalis, gi|488296663 (NCBI database), which has never been reported as a bacteriocin. This study reported a novel bacteriocin with high antibacterial activity against VRE and MDRE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanokrat Siripanichgon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornphan Diraphat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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17
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Fahim HA, Rouby WMAE, El-Gendy AO, Khairalla AS, Naguib IA, Farghali AA. Enhancement of the productivity of the potent bacteriocin avicin A and improvement of its stability using nanotechnology approaches. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10604. [PMID: 28878272 PMCID: PMC5587769 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, enhancements of the yield and antimicrobial activity duration of the bacteriocin avicin A were accomplished using fractional factorial design (FFD) and layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoparticles. Firstly, potential factors affecting bacteriocin production were selected for preliminary study. By a 25-1 FFD, high pH was shown to have a positive effect on avicin A yield, while temperature and duration of incubation, as well as peptone nitrogen sources all had negative effects. The highest bacteriocin production and activity (2560 BU/ml) were observed after 30 h of incubation at 30 °C, with pH adjustment at 7, and in the presence of 2 g mannitol as carbon source and 2.2 g peptone as nitrogen source. Secondly, avicin A nanocomposites with different LDH precursors were tested. Only avicin A-ZnAl-CO3 LDH demonstrated a potent antimicrobial activity against Lactobacillus sakei LMGT 2313 that lasted for at least 24 days, as compared to the values of 6 and 15 days observed with the free avicin A that has been stored at room temperature and at 4 °C, respectively. In conclusion, avicin A production and stability can be improved by manipulating the growth conditions and media composition, together with conjugation to LDHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem A Fahim
- Biotechnology and Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Waleed M A El Rouby
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed O El-Gendy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Khairalla
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Ibrahim A Naguib
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Farghali
- Materials Science and Nanotechnology Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Abstract
Enterococci belong to the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), and inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of a wide variety of animals from insects and to human, and the commensal organism in humans and animals. The commensal/probiotic role of enterococci has evolved through thousands of years in mutual coexistence. Enterococcus have many favorable traits that have been appreciated in food fermentation and preservation, and many serve as probiotics to promote health. While lactobacillus have been shown to confer numerous benefits on and often regarded as health bringing organisms, enterococci have become more recognized as emerging human pathogens in recent years. Mac Callum and Hastings characterized an organism, now known to be Enterococcal faecalis, which was isolated from a lethal case of endocarditis on 1899. The report was the first detailed description of its pathogenic capabilities. Over the past few decades, multi-drug resistance enterococci have become as important health-care associated pathogen, and leading causes of drug resistance infection. The modern life style including the broad use of antibiotics in medical practice and animal husbandry have selected for the convergence of potential virulence factors to the specific enterococcus species such as E. faecium and E. faecalis. The development of modern medical care of intensive and invasive medical therapies and treatments for human disease, and existence of severe compromised patients in hospitals has contributed to the increased prevalence of these opportunistic organisms. The virulence factors converged in E. faecalis and E. faecium which have been isolated in nosocomial infections, include antibiotic resistance, extracellular proteins (toxins), extrachromosome and mobile genetic elements, cell wall components, biofilm formation, adherence factors, and colonization factor such as bacteriocin, etc. In these potential virulence factors, I presented characteristics of enterococcal conjugative plasmid, cytolysin, collagen binding protein of adhesion, bacteriocins, and drug resistances. I made reference to our original reports, and review books for this review. The review books are "Enterococci: from Commensals to Leading Causes of Drug Resistant Infection, NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institute of Health. Ed. by Michael S Gilmore, Don B Clewell, Yasuyoshi Ike, and Nathan Shankar", and "The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance, Gilmore M., Clewell D., Courvadin P., Dunny G., Murray B., Rice L., (ed) 2002. ASM Press".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Ike
- Professor Emeritus, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine
- Representative Director, Association for Education in Bacterial Drug Resistance
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19
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Arbulu S, Jiménez JJ, Gútiez L, Campanero C, Del Campo R, Cintas LM, Herranz C, Hernández PE. Evaluation of bacteriocinogenic activity, safety traits and biotechnological potential of fecal lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from Griffon Vultures (Gyps fulvus subsp. fulvus). BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:228. [PMID: 27688001 PMCID: PMC5041338 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0840-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are part of the gut microbiota and produce ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins with interest as natural food preservatives and therapeutic agents. Bacteriocin-producing LAB are also attractive as probiotics. Griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus subspecies fulvus) are scavenger birds that feed almost exclusively on carrion without suffering apparent ill effects. Therefore, griffon vultures might be considered a reservoir of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential biotechnological applications. Results Griffon vulture feces were screened for LAB with antimicrobial activity, genes encoding bacteriocins, potential virulence determinants, susceptibility to antibiotics, genotyping and characterization of bacteriocins. In this study, from 924 LAB evaluated 332 isolates (36 %) showed direct antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria only. The molecular identification of the most antagonistic 95 isolates showed that enterococci was the largest LAB group with antimicrobial activity (91 %) and E. faecium (40 %) the most identified antagonistic species. The evaluation of the presence of bacteriocin structural genes in 28 LAB isolates with the highest bacteriocinogenic activity in their supernatants determined that most enterococcal isolates (75 %) encoded multiple bacteriocins, being enterocin A (EntA) the largest identified (46 %) bacteriocin. Most enterococci (88 %) were resistant to multiple antibiotics. ERIC-PCR and MLST techniques permitted genotyping and recognition of the potential safety of the bacteriocinogenic enterococci. A multiple-step chromatographic procedure, determination of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified bacteriocins by Edman degradation and a MALDI TOF/TOF tandem MS procedure permitted characterization of bacteriocins present in supernatants of producer cells. Conclusions Enterococci was the largest LAB group with bacteriocinogenic activity isolated from griffon vulture feces. Among the isolates, E. faecium M3K31 has been identified as producer of enterocin HF (EntHF), a bacteriocin with remarkable antimicrobial activity against most evaluated Listeria spp. and of elevated interest as a natural food preservative. E. faecium M3K31 would be also considered a safe probiotic strain for use in animal nutrition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0840-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arbulu
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loreto Gútiez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Campanero
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Del Campo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS), 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Cintas
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo E Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avenida Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Hammi I, Delalande F, Belkhou R, Marchioni E, Cianferani S, Ennahar S. Maltaricin CPN, a new class IIa bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CPN isolated from mould-ripened cheese. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:1268-1274. [PMID: 27489131 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to isolate, characterize and determine the structure and the antibacterial activities of a bacteriocin produced by Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CPN, a strain isolated from unpasteurized milk Camembert cheese. METHODS AND RESULTS This bacteriocin, termed maltaricin CPN, was produced at higher amounts in MRS broth at temperatures between 15°C and 25°C. It was purified to homogeneity from culture supernatant by using a simple method consisting of cation-exchange and reversed-phase chromatographies. Mass spectrometry showed that maltaricin was a 4427·29 Da bacteriocin. Its amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation which showed that it had close similarity with bacteriocins of the class IIa. Maltaricin CPN consisted in fact of 44 unmodified amino acids including two cysteine residues at positions 9 and 14 linked by a disulphide bond. The antimicrobial activity of maltaricin CPN covered a range of bacteria, with strong activity against many species of Gram-positive bacteria, especially the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, but no activity against Gram-negative ones. CONCLUSIONS In the studied conditions, C. maltaromaticum CPN produced a new class IIa bacteriocin with strong anti-Listeria activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The study covers the purification and the structural characterization of a new bacteriocin produced by strain C. maltaromaticum CPN isolated from Camembert cheese. Its activity against strains of L. monocytogenes and higher production rates at relatively low temperatures show potential technological applications to improve the safety of refrigerated food.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hammi
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, IPHC - UMR7178, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.,Laboratoire Agroalimentaire et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Equipe de Bioindustrie et Technologie Agroalimentaire, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie, Université sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, Morocco
| | - F Delalande
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC - UMR7178, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - R Belkhou
- Laboratoire Agroalimentaire et Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Equipe de Bioindustrie et Technologie Agroalimentaire, Ecole Supérieure de Technologie, Université sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah, Fez, Morocco
| | - E Marchioni
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, IPHC - UMR7178, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - S Cianferani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, IPHC - UMR7178, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - S Ennahar
- Equipe de Chimie Analytique des Molécules Bioactives, IPHC - UMR7178, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Al Atya AK, Belguesmia Y, Chataigne G, Ravallec R, Vachée A, Szunerits S, Boukherroub R, Drider D. Anti-MRSA Activities of Enterocins DD28 and DD93 and Evidences on Their Role in the Inhibition of Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:817. [PMID: 27303396 PMCID: PMC4886693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a worrisome superbug. This work aimed at studying the effects of two class IIb bacteriocins, enterocins DD28 and DD93 as anti-MRSA agents. Thus, these bacteriocins were purified, from the cultures supernatants of Enterococcus faecalis 28 and 93, using a simplified purification procedure consisting in a cation exchange chromatography and a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The anti-Staphylococcal activity was shown in vitro by the assessment of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), followed by a checkerboard and time-kill kinetics experiments. The data unveiled a clear synergistic effect of enterocins DD28 and DD93 in combination with erythromycin or kanamycin against the clinical MRSA-S1 strain. Besides, these combinations impeded as well the MRSA-S1 clinical strain to setup biofilms on stainless steel and glace devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed K Al Atya
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies - Institut Charles Viollette Lille, France
| | - Yanath Belguesmia
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies - Institut Charles Viollette Lille, France
| | - Gabrielle Chataigne
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies - Institut Charles Viollette Lille, France
| | - Rozenn Ravallec
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies - Institut Charles Viollette Lille, France
| | - Anne Vachée
- Hôpital Victor Provo de Roubaix Roubaix, France
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1 Lille, France
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, UMR CNRS 8520, Université Lille 1 Lille, France
| | - Djamel Drider
- Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies - Institut Charles Viollette Lille, France
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Arbulu S, Lohans CT, van Belkum MJ, Cintas LM, Herranz C, Vederas JC, Hernández PE. Solution Structure of Enterocin HF, an Antilisterial Bacteriocin Produced by Enterococcus faecium M3K31. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10689-10695. [PMID: 26585399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The solution structure of enterocin HF (EntHF), a class IIa bacteriocin of 43 amino acids produced by Enterococcus faecium M3K31, was evaluated by CD and NMR spectroscopy. Purified EntHF was unstructured in water, but CD analysis supports that EntHF adopts an α-helical conformation when exposed to increasing concentrations of trifluoroethanol. Furthermore, NMR spectroscopy indicates that this bacteriocin adopts an antiparallel β-sheet structure in the N-terminal region (residues 1-17), followed by a well-defined central α-helix (residues 19-30) and a more disordered C-terminal end (residues 31-43). EntHF could be structurally organized into three flexible regions that might act in a coordinated manner. This is in agreement with the absence of long-range nuclear Overhauser effect signals between the β-sheet domain and the C-terminal end of the bacteriocin. The 3D structure recorded for EntHF fits emerging facts regarding target recognition and mode of action of class IIa bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Arbulu
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatologı́a y Tecnologı́a de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Christopher T Lohans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Marco J van Belkum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Luis M Cintas
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatologı́a y Tecnologı́a de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Herranz
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatologı́a y Tecnologı́a de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - John C Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G2
| | - Pablo E Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatologı́a y Tecnologı́a de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) , Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Shin NR, Moon JS, Shin SY, Li L, Lee YB, Kim TJ, Han NS. Isolation and characterization of human intestinal Enterococcus avium EFEL009 converting rutin to quercetin. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 62:68-74. [PMID: 26505733 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quercetin is a flavonol believed to have beneficial effects on human health. Rutin, found in many plants, fruits and vegetables, is metabolized by human intestinal bacteria and converted to quercetin, where it is absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. This study aimed to isolate and characterize human intestinal bacteria capable of converting rutin to quercetin. A bacterium that can metabolize rutin was isolated from human faecal samples and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The whole-cell enzymatic activities on flavonoid glycoside and the conversion profiles of the isolate were also analysed. The bacterium was identified as Enterococcus avium EFEL009 and was shown to convert rutin to isoquercetin and then to quercetin under anaerobic conditions. Microscopic analysis revealed short chains of cocci with diameters of approx. 1 μm. β-Glucosidase was shown to be constitutively expressed in Ent. avium, while α-rhamnosidase was expressed following induction by rutin. Both enzymes were mainly localized to the cell surface. This study is the first report on the isolation of a quercetin-producing Ent. avium FEEL009, which could be a potential industrial starter bacterium. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Quercetin is a member of the flavonoids family reported to have better cytoprotective abilities, stronger inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production, and better chemoprevention than rutin. This is the first report on the isolation and characterization of Enterococcus avium EFEL009 from the human intestine which is capable of converting rutin to quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Shin
- Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - J S Moon
- Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - S-Y Shin
- Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - L Li
- Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Y B Lee
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung's Food Co. Ltd., Cheongju, Korea
| | - T-J Kim
- Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - N S Han
- Division of Animal, Horticultural, and Food Sciences, Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Resource Development, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Singh NP, Tiwari A, Bansal A, Thakur S, Sharma G, Gabrani R. Genome level analysis of bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Comput Biol Chem 2015; 56:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Oppegård C, Fimland G, Anonsen JH, Nissen-Meyer J. The Pediocin PA-1 Accessory Protein Ensures Correct Disulfide Bond Formation in the Antimicrobial Peptide Pediocin PA-1. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2967-74. [PMID: 25961806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Peptides, in contrast to proteins, are generally not large enough to form stable and well-defined three-dimensional structures. However, peptides are still able to form correct disulfide bonds. Using pediocin-like bacteriocins, we have examined how this may be achieved. Some pediocin-like bacteriocins, such as pediocin PA-1 and sakacin P[N24C+44C], have four cysteines. There are three possible ways by which the four cysteines may combine to form two disulfide bonds, and the three variants are expected to be produced in approximately equal amounts if their formation is random. Pediocin PA-1 and sakacin P[N24C+44C] with correct disulfide bonds were the main products when they were secreted by the pediocin PA-1 ABC transporter and accessory protein, but when they were secreted by the corresponding secretion machinery for sakacin A, a pediocin-like bacteriocin with one disulfide bond (two cysteines), peptides with all three possible disulfide bonds were produced in approximately equal amounts. All five cysteines in the pediocin PA-1 ABC transporter and the two cysteines (that form a CxxC motif) in the accessory protein were individually replaced with serines to examine their involvement in disulfide bond formation in pediocin PA-1. The Cys86Ser mutation in the accessory protein caused a 2-fold decrease in the amount of pediocin PA-1 with correct disulfide bonds, while the Cys83Ser mutation nearly abolished the production of pediocin PA-1 and resulted in the production of all three disufide bond variants in equal amounts. The Cys19Ser mutation in the ABC transporter completely abolished secretion of pediocin PA-1, suggesting that Cys19 is in the proteolytic active site and involved in cleaving the prebacteriocin. Replacing the other four cysteines in the ABC transporter with serines caused a slight reduction in the overall amount of secreted pediocin PA-1, but the relative amount with the correct disulfide bonds remained large. These results indicate that the pediocin PA-1 accessory protein has a chaperone-like activity in that it ensures the formation of the correct disulfide bond in pediocin PA-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Oppegård
- †Department of Biosciences, Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gunnar Fimland
- ‡Xellia Pharmaceuticals AS, P.O. Box 158, Skøyen, 0212 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- †Department of Biosciences, Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Nissen-Meyer
- †Department of Biosciences, Section for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Development of a homologous expression system for and systematic site-directed mutagenesis analysis of thurincin H, a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SF361. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 80:3576-84. [PMID: 24682301 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00433-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thurincin H is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus thuringiensis SF361. With a helical back bone, the 31 amino acids of thurincin H form a hairpin structure maintained by four pairs of very unique sulfur-to-α-carbon thioether bonds. The production of thurincin H depends on a putative gene cluster containing 10 open reading frames. The gene cluster includes three tandem structural genes (thnA1, thnA2, and thnA3) encoding three identical 40-amino-acid thurincin H prepeptides and seven other genes putatively responsible for prepeptide processing, regulation, modification, exportation, and self-immunity. A homologous thurincin H expression system was developed by transforming a thurincin H-deficient host with a novel expression vector, pGW133. The host, designated B. thuringiensis SF361 ΔthnA1 ΔthnA2 ΔthnA3, was constructed by deletion of the three tandem structural genes from the chromosome of the natural thurincin H producer. The thurincin H expression vector pGW133 was constructed by cloning the thurincin H native promoter, thnA1, and a Cry protein terminator into the Escherichia coli-B. thuringiensis shuttle vector pHT315. Thirty-three different pGW133 variants, each containing a different point mutation in the thnA1 gene, were generated and separately transformed into B. thuringiensis SF361 ΔthnA1 ΔthnA2 ΔthnA3. Those site-directed mutants contained either a single radical or conservative amino acid substitution on the thioether linkage-forming positions or a radical substitution on all other nonalanine amino acids. The bacteriocin activities of B. thuringiensis SF361 ΔthnA1 ΔthnA2 ΔthnA3 carrying different pGW133 variants against three different indicator strains were subsequently compared.
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Antimicrobial activity of a UV-stable bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) produced by Enterococcus faecium strain DSH20 against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2014; 47:371-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wang G, Manns D, Churey J, Worobo R. Short communication: Naturally sensitive Bacillus thuringiensis EG10368 produces thurincin H and acquires immunity after heterologous expression of the one-step-amplified thurincin H gene cluster. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4115-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang G, Manns DC, Guron GKP, Churey JJ, Worobo RW. Short communication: Homologous expression of recombinant and native thurincin H in an engineered natural producer. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4120-6. [PMID: 24792808 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Bacillus bacteriocin thurincin H exhibits a wide inhibitory spectrum of activity against various foodborne pathogens, such as Listeria monocytogenes, and dairy spoilage bacteria, especially different Bacillus species commonly existing in dairy products. Previously, we constructed 3 plasmids to express native thurincin H homologously in an engineered natural producer, Bacillus thuringiensis SF361thnH(-). This host is deficient in thurincin H production because of an in-frame deletion of structural genes thnA1, thnA2, and thnA3 from the chromosome of the natural producer B. thuringiensis SF361. The previously constructed expression vectors were constructed by cloning the native thurincin H promoter, 3 (or 1) copies of structural genes, and the native (or Cry protein) terminator into an Escherichia coli-B. thuringiensis shuttle vector pHT315. In this study, 3 corresponding expression vectors (pGW134, pGW135, and pGW136) were constructed to express recombinant thurincin H-His6 in the same host, in which a 6-histidine tag was fused to the C terminus of each structural gene. The resulting low level of bacteriocin production indicated that the His tag might negatively interfere with subsequent posttranslational modification or exportation processes after the thurincin H-His6 prepeptide was translated. Additionally, in order to overexpress native thurincin H, 2 additional plasmids (pGW137 and pGW138) were constructed, consisting of the sporulation-dependent Cry protein dual promoter BtI and BtII, the thnA1 structural gene, and the thurincin H native or Cry protein terminator. However, production was low on Luria broth plates and absent on sporulation plates. It is possible that the resulting thurincin H prepeptide was not correctly modified or exported to the extracellular environment, due to the undesired biochemical and physiological changes during the sporulation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Wang
- Department of Food Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 W North Street, Geneva 14456
| | - D C Manns
- Department of Food Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 W North Street, Geneva 14456
| | - G K P Guron
- Department of Food Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 W North Street, Geneva 14456
| | - J J Churey
- Department of Food Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 W North Street, Geneva 14456
| | - R W Worobo
- Department of Food Science, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell University, 630 W North Street, Geneva 14456.
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Liu W, Zhang L, Yi H, Shi J, Xue C, Li H, Jiao Y, Shigwedha N, Du M, Han X. Qualitative detection of class IIa bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria from traditional Chinese fermented food using a YGNGV-motif-based assay. J Microbiol Methods 2014; 100:121-7. [PMID: 24681304 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a YGNGV-motif-based assay was developed and applied. Given that there is an increasing demand for natural preservatives, we set out to obtain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produce bacteriocins against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We here isolated 123 LAB strains from 5 types of traditional Chinese fermented food and screened them for the production of bacteriocins using the agar well diffusion assay (AWDA). Then, to acquire LAB producing class IIa bacteriocins, we used a YGNGV-motif-based assay that was based on 14 degenerate primers matching all class IIa bacteriocin-encoding genes currently deposited in NCBI. Eight of the LAB strains identified by AWDA could inhibit Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; 5 of these were YGNGV-amplicon positive. Among these 5 isolates, amplicons from 2 strains (Y31 and Y33) matched class IIa bacteriocin genes. Strain Y31 demonstrated the highest inhibitory activity and the best match to a class IIa bacteriocin gene in NCBI, and was identified as Enterococcus faecium. The bacteriocin from Enterococcus avium Y33 was 100% identical to enterocin P. Both of these strains produced bacteriocins with strong antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis, hence these bacteriocins hold promise as potential bio-preservatives in the food industry. These findings also indicated that the YGNGV-motif-based assay used in this study could identify novel class IIa bacteriocinogenic LAB, rapidly and specifically, saving time and labour by by-passing multiple separation and purification steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Liu
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China.
| | - Huaxi Yi
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, Ontario N1G5C9, Canada
| | - Chaohui Xue
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Yuehua Jiao
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Nditange Shigwedha
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Ming Du
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Food Science & Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 HuangHe Avenue, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, China
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Hammami R, Fernandez B, Lacroix C, Fliss I. Anti-infective properties of bacteriocins: an update. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:2947-67. [PMID: 23109101 PMCID: PMC11113238 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocin production is a widespread phenomenon among bacteria. Bacteriocins hold great promise for the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and could be used in the future as alternatives to existing antibiotics. The anti-infective potential of bacteriocins for inhibiting pathogens has been shown in various food matrices including cheese, meat, and vegetables. However, their inhibition of pathogens in vivo remains unclear and needs more investigation, due mainly to difficulties associated with demonstrating their health benefits. Many bacteriocins produced by established or potential probiotic organisms have been evaluated as potential therapeutic agents and interesting findings have been documented in vitro as well as in a few in vivo studies. Some recent in vivo studies point to the efficacy of bacteriocin-based treatments of human and animal infections. While further investigation remains necessary before the possibilities for bacteriocins in clinical practice can be described more fully, this review provides an overview of their potential applications to human and veterinary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Hammami
- STELA Dairy Research Centre, Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
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Balciunas EM, Castillo Martinez FA, Todorov SD, Franco BDGDM, Converti A, Oliveira RPDS. Novel biotechnological applications of bacteriocins: A review. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Bifunctional gene cluster lnqBCDEF mediates bacteriocin production and immunity with differential genetic requirements. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2446-9. [PMID: 23335763 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03783-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive gene disruption of lacticin Q biosynthetic cluster lnqQBCDEF was carried out. The results demonstrated the necessity of the complete set of lnqQBCDEF for lacticin Q production, whereas immunity was flexible, with LnqEF (ABC transporter) being essential for and LnqBCD partially contributing to immunity.
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Lakshminarayanan B, Guinane C, O'Connor P, Coakley M, Hill C, Stanton C, O'Toole P, Ross R. Isolation and characterization of bacteriocin-producing bacteria from the intestinal microbiota of elderly Irish subjects. J Appl Microbiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Lakshminarayanan
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C.M. Guinane
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - P.M. O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - M. Coakley
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C. Hill
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - C. Stanton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - P.W. O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology; University College; Cork Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
| | - R.P. Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre; Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre; University College; Cork Ireland
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35
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Cui Y, Zhang C, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhang L, Ding Z, Qu X, Cui H. Class IIa bacteriocins: diversity and new developments. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16668-707. [PMID: 23222636 PMCID: PMC3546714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocins are heat-stable, unmodified peptides with a conserved amino acids sequence YGNGV on their N-terminal domains, and have received much attention due to their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, their high biological activity, and their excellent heat stability. They are promising and attractive agents that could function as biopreservatives in the food industry. This review summarizes the new developments in the area of class IIa bacteriocins and aims to provide uptodate information that can be used in designing future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G5C9, Canada; E-Mail:
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhongqing Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; E-Mails: (Y.C.); (C.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Xiaojun Qu
- Institute of Microbiology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150010, China; E-Mail:
| | - Hongyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China; E-Mail:
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Gebhard S. ABC transporters of antimicrobial peptides in Firmicutes bacteria - phylogeny, function and regulation. Mol Microbiol 2012; 86:1295-317. [PMID: 23106164 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of antibiotics that mainly target the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria. Resistance is achieved by a variety of mechanisms including target alterations, changes in the cell's surface charge, expression of immunity peptides or by dedicated ABC transporters. The latter often provide the greatest level of protection. Apart from resistance, ABC transporters are also required for the export of peptides during biosynthesis. In this review the different AMP transporters identified to date in Firmicutes bacteria were classified into five distinct groups based on their domain architecture, two groups with a role in biosynthesis, and three involved in resistance. Comparison of the available information for each group regarding function, transport mechanism and gene regulation revealed distinguishing characteristics as well as common traits. For example, a strong correlation between transporter group and mode of gene regulation was observed, with three different types of two-component systems as well as XRE family transcriptional regulators commonly associated with individual transporter groups. Furthermore, the presented summary of the state-of-the-art on AMP transport in Firmicutes bacteria, discussed in the context of transporter phylogeny, provides insights into the mechanisms of substrate translocation and how this may result in resistance against compounds that bind extracellular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Gebhard
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department Biology I, Microbiology, Grosshaderner Str. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
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Du L, Somkuti GA, Renye JA. Molecular analysis of the bacteriocin-encoding plasmid pDGL1 from Enterococcus durans and genetic characterization of the durancin GL locus. Microbiology (Reading) 2012; 158:1523-1532. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.055624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - George A. Somkuti
- Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS, US Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
| | - John A. Renye
- Eastern Regional Research Center, ARS, US Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
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38
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Purification and characterization of multiple bacteriocins and an inducing peptide produced by Enterococcus faecium NKR-5-3 from Thai fermented fish. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:947-53. [PMID: 22738965 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enterocins NKR-5-3A, B, C, and D were purified from the culture supernatant of Enterococcus faecium NKR-5-3 and characterized. Among the four purified peptides, enterocin NKR-5-3A (5242.3 Da) was identical to brochocin A, produced by Brochothrix campestris ATCC 43754, in mature peptides, and its putative synergistic peptide, enterocin NKR-5-3Z, was found to be encoded in ent53Z downstream of ent53A, encoding enterocin NKR-5-3A. Enterocin NKR-5-3B (6316.4 Da) showed a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and enterocin NKR-5-3C (4512.8 Da) showed high activity against Listeria. Enterocin NKR-5-3D (2843.5 Da), showing high homology to an inducing peptide produced by Lactobacillus sakei 5, induced the production of the enterocins. The enterocins showed different antimicrobial spectra and intensities. E. faecium NKR-5-3 concomitantly produced enterocins NKR-5-3A, B, C, and D which probably belong to different classes of bacteriocins. Furthermore, NKR-5-3 production was induced by enterocin NKR-5-3D.
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Kjos M, Borrero J, Opsata M, Birri DJ, Holo H, Cintas LM, Snipen L, Hernández PE, Nes IF, Diep DB. Target recognition, resistance, immunity and genome mining of class II bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 2011; 157:3256-3267. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.052571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their very potent antimicrobial activity against diverse food-spoiling bacteria and pathogens and their favourable biochemical properties, peptide bacteriocins from Gram-positive bacteria have long been considered promising for applications in food preservation or medical treatment. To take advantage of bacteriocins in different applications, it is crucial to have detailed knowledge on the molecular mechanisms by which these peptides recognize and kill target cells, how producer cells protect themselves from their own bacteriocin (self-immunity) and how target cells may develop resistance. In this review we discuss some important recent progress in these areas for the non-lantibiotic (class II) bacteriocins. We also discuss some examples of how the current wealth of genome sequences provides an invaluable source in the search for novel class II bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Kjos
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Juan Borrero
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mona Opsata
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Dagim J. Birri
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Helge Holo
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Luis M. Cintas
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars Snipen
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Pablo E. Hernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingolf F. Nes
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Dzung B. Diep
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Salivaricin D, a novel intrinsically trypsin-resistant lantibiotic from Streptococcus salivarius 5M6c isolated from a healthy infant. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 78:402-10. [PMID: 22101034 DOI: 10.1128/aem.06588-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we purified and characterized a newly identified lantibiotic (salivaricin D) from Streptococcus salivarius 5M6c. Salivaricin D is a 34-amino-acid-residue peptide (3,467.55 Da); the locus of the gene encoding this peptide is a 16.5-kb DNA segment which contains genes encoding the precursor of two lantibiotics, two modification enzymes (dehydratase and cyclase), an ABC transporter, a serine-like protease, immunity proteins (lipoprotein and ABC transporters), a response regulator, and a sensor histidine kinase. The immunity gene (salI) was heterologously expressed in a sensitive indicator and provided significant protection against salivaricin D, confirming its immunity function. Salivaricin D is a naturally trypsin-resistant lantibiotic that is similar to nisin-like lantibiotics. It is a relatively broad-spectrum bacteriocin that inhibits members of many genera of Gram-positive bacteria, including the important human pathogens Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Thus, Streptococcus salivarius 5M6c may be a potential biological agent for the control of oronasopharynx-colonizing streptococcal pathogens or may be used as a probiotic bacterium.
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O'Shea EF, Cotter PD, Stanton C, Ross RP, Hill C. Production of bioactive substances by intestinal bacteria as a basis for explaining probiotic mechanisms: bacteriocins and conjugated linoleic acid. Int J Food Microbiol 2011; 152:189-205. [PMID: 21742394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which intestinal bacteria achieve their associated health benefits can be complex and multifaceted. In this respect, the diverse microbial composition of the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) provides an almost unlimited potential source of bioactive substances (pharmabiotics) which can directly or indirectly affect human health. Bacteriocins and fatty acids are just two examples of pharmabiotic substances which may contribute to probiotic functionality within the mammalian GIT. Bacteriocin production is believed to confer producing strains with a competitive advantage within complex microbial environments as a consequence of their associated antimicrobial activity. This has the potential to enable the establishment and prevalence of producing strains as well as directly inhibiting pathogens within the GIT. Consequently, these antimicrobial peptides and the associated intestinal producing strains may be exploited to beneficially influence microbial populations. Intestinal bacteria are also known to produce a diverse array of health-promoting fatty acids. Indeed, certain strains of intestinal bifidobacteria have been shown to produce conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a fatty acid which has been associated with a variety of systemic health-promoting effects. Recently, the ability to modulate the fatty acid composition of the liver and adipose tissue of the host upon oral administration of CLA-producing bifidobacteria and lactobacilli was demonstrated in a murine model. Importantly, this implies a potential therapeutic role for probiotics in the treatment of certain metabolic and immunoinflammatory disorders. Such examples serve to highlight the potential contribution of pharmabiotic production to probiotic functionality in relation to human health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen F O'Shea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
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An extracellular loop of the mannose phosphotransferase system component IIC is responsible for specific targeting by class IIa bacteriocins. J Bacteriol 2010; 192:5906-13. [PMID: 20870773 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00777-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Class IIa bacteriocins target a phylogenetically defined subgroup of mannose-phosphotransferase systems (man-PTS) on sensitive cells. By the use of man-PTS genes of the sensitive Listeria monocytogenes (mpt) and the nonsensitive Lactococcus lactis (ptn) species to rationally design a series of man-PTS chimeras and site-directed mutations, we identified an extracellular loop of the membrane-located protein MptC that was responsible for specific target recognition by the class IIa bacteriocins.
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Use of the usp45 lactococcal secretion signal sequence to drive the secretion and functional expression of enterococcal bacteriocins in Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 89:131-43. [PMID: 20842358 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the signal peptide (SP) of the bacteriocins enterocin P (EntP) and hiracin JM79 (HirJM79), produced by Enterococcus faecium P13 and Enterococcus hirae DCH5, respectively, by the signal peptide of Usp45 (SP(usp45)), the major Sec-dependent protein secreted by Lactococcus lactis, permits the production, secretion, and functional expression of EntP and HirJM79 by L. lactis. Chimeric genes encoding the SP(usp45) fused to either mature EntP (entP), with or without the immunity gene (entiP) or to mature HirJM79 (hirJM79), with or without the immunity gene (hiriJM79), were cloned into the expression vector pMG36c, carrying the P(32) constitutive promoter, and into pNZ8048 under control of the inducible PnisA promoter. The production of EntP and HirJM79 by most of the L. lactis recombinant strains was 1.5- to 3.7-fold higher and up to 3.6-fold higher than by the E. faecium P13 and E. hirae DCH5 control strains, respectively. However, the specific antimicrobial activity of the recombinant EntP was 1.1- to 6.2-fold higher than that produced by E. faecium P13, while that of the HirJM79 was a 40% to an 89% of that produced by E. hirae DCH5. Chimeras of SP(usp45) fused to mature EntP or HirJM79 drive the production and secretion of these bacteriocins in L. lactis in the absence of specific immunity and secretion proteins. The supernatants of the recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 strains, producers of EntP, showed a much higher antimicrobial activity against Listeria spp. than that of the recombinant L. lactis NZ9000 derivatives, producers of HirJM79.
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