1
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Lansdon P, Kasuya J, Kitamoto T. Commensal bacteria exacerbate seizure-like phenotypes in Drosophila voltage-gated sodium channel mutants. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2024; 23:e70000. [PMID: 39231190 PMCID: PMC11373613 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.70000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels, which are essential for generating and propagating action potentials, can lead to serious neurological disorders, such as epilepsy. However, disease-causing Nav channel mutations do not always result in severe symptoms, suggesting that the disease conditions are significantly affected by other genetic factors and various environmental exposures, collectively known as the "exposome". Notably, recent research emphasizes the pivotal role of commensal bacteria in neural development and function. Although these bacteria typically benefit the nervous system under normal conditions, their impact during pathological states remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the influence of commensal microbes on seizure-like phenotypes exhibited by paraShu-a gain-of-function mutant of the Drosophila Nav channel gene, paralytic. Remarkably, the elimination of endogenous bacteria considerably ameliorated neurological impairments in paraShu. Consistently, reintroducing bacteria, specifically from the Lactobacillus or Acetobacter genera, heightened the phenotypic severity in the bacteria-deprived mutants. These findings posit that particular native bacteria contribute to the severity of seizure-like phenotypes in paraShu. We further uncovered that treating paraShu with antibiotics boosted Nrf2 signaling in the gut, and that global Nrf2 activation mirrored the effects of removing bacteria from paraShu. This raises the possibility that the removal of commensal bacteria suppresses the seizure-like manifestations through augmented antioxidant responses. Since bacterial removal during development was critical for suppression of adult paraShu phenotypes, our research sets the stage for subsequent studies, aiming to elucidate the interplay between commensal bacteria and the developing nervous system in conditions predisposed to the hyperexcitable nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lansdon
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, Graduate College, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Junko Kasuya
- Department of Anesthesia, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Toshihiro Kitamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, Graduate College, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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2
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Jiménez-Padilla Y, Adewusi B, Lachance MA, Sinclair BJ. Live yeasts accelerate Drosophila melanogaster larval development. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247932. [PMID: 39234635 PMCID: PMC11463955 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Insect guts house a complex community of microbes that affect host physiology, performance and behavior. Gut microbiome research has largely focused on bacteria-host symbioses and paid less attention to other taxa, such as yeasts. We found that axenic Drosophila melanogaster (reared free of microbes) develops from egg to adult more slowly (ca. 13 days) than those with a natural microbiota (ca. 11.5 days). Here, we showed that live yeasts are present and reproducing in the guts of flies and that the fast development time can be restored by inoculating larvae with a single yeast species (either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Lachancea kluyveri). Nutritional supplements (either heat-killed yeasts, or a mix of essential vitamins and amino acids) slightly sped the development of axenic flies (to ca. 12.5 days), but not to the same extent as live yeasts. During the first two instars, this acceleration appears to result from additional macronutrient availability, but during the third instar, when most growth occurs, live yeasts increased feeding rate, implying an effect mediated by the gut-brain axis. Thus, the fly-yeast interaction extends beyond yeasts-as-food to yeasts as beneficial interactive symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babafemi Adewusi
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marc-André Lachance
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Brent J. Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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3
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Dimitrov R, Gouliamova D, Guéorguiev B, Smith M, Groenewald M, Boekhout T. First DNA Barcoding Survey in Bulgaria Unveiled Huge Diversity of Yeasts in Insects. INSECTS 2024; 15:566. [PMID: 39194771 DOI: 10.3390/insects15080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a comprehensive survey aimed at assessing the diversity of yeast species inhabiting the guts of various insect species collected mainly from two Bulgarian National Parks, namely, Rila, and Pirin. The insect specimens encompass a broad taxonomic spectrum, including representatives from Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, Isopoda, and Collembola. Yeast strains were identified with DNA barcoding using the ribosomal markers, specifically, the D1/D2 domains of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and the internal transcribed spacers regions ITS 1 + 2 (ITS). The analysis unveiled the presence of 89 ascomycetous and 18 basidiomycetous yeast isolates associated with the insect specimens. Furthermore, our study identified 18 hitherto unknown yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumen Dimitrov
- Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev 8, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dilnora Gouliamova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Borislav Guéorguiev
- National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, bul. "Tsar Osvoboditel" 1, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Maudy Smith
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marizeth Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- The Yeast Foundation, 1015 JR Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Subasi BS, Grabe V, Kaltenpoth M, Rolff J, Armitage SAO. How frequently are insects wounded in the wild? A case study using Drosophila melanogaster. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240256. [PMID: 39100166 PMCID: PMC11296199 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Wounding occurs across multicellular organisms. Wounds can affect host mobility and reproduction, with ecological consequences for competitive interactions and predator-prey dynamics. Wounds are also entry points for pathogens. An immune response is activated upon injury, resulting in the deposition of the brown-black pigment melanin in insects. Despite the abundance of immunity studies in the laboratory and the potential ecological and evolutionary implications of wounding, the prevalence of wounding in wild-collected insects is rarely systematically explored. We investigated the prevalence and potential causes of wounds in wild-collected Drosophilidae flies. We found that 31% of Drosophila melanogaster were wounded or damaged. The abdomen was the most frequently wounded body part, and females were more likely to have melanized patches on the ventral abdomen, compared with males. Encapsulated parasitoid egg frequency was approximately 10%, and just under 1% of Drosophilidae species had attached mites, which also caused wounds. Wounding is prevalent in D. melanogaster, likely exerting selection pressure on host immunity for two reasons: on a rapid and efficient wound repair and on responding efficiently to opportunistic infections. Wounding is thus expected to be an important driver of immune system evolution and to affect individual fitness and population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Veit Grabe
- Microscopic Imaging Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Kaltenpoth
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Rolff
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Aguilar JM, Gloss AD, Suzuki HC, Verster KI, Singhal M, Hoff J, Grebenok R, Nabity PD, Behmer ST, Whiteman NK. Insights into the evolution of herbivory from a leaf-mining fly. Ecosphere 2024; 15:e4764. [PMID: 39247255 PMCID: PMC11378976 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects and their host plants comprise most known species on Earth. Illuminating how herbivory repeatedly evolved in insects from non-herbivorous lineages is critical to understanding how this biodiversity is created and maintained. We characterized the trophic niche of Scaptomyza flava, a representative of a lineage nested within the Drosophila that transitioned to herbivory ~10-15 million years ago. We used natural history studies to determine if S. flava is a true herbivore or a cryptic microbe-feeder, given that the ancestral character state for the family Drosophilidae is likely microbe-feeding. Specifically, we quantified oviposition substrate choice and larval viability across food-types, trophic-related morphological traits, and nitrogen isotope and sterol profiles across putatively herbivorous and non-herbivorous drosophilids. The results of these studies show that S. flava is an obligate herbivore of living plants. Paired with its genetic model host, Arabidopsis thaliana, S. flava is a novel and powerful system for exploring mechanisms underlying the evolution of herbivory, a complex trait that enabled the exceptional diversification of insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Aguilar
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew D Gloss
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Hiromu C Suzuki
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirsten I Verster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Malvika Singhal
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jordan Hoff
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Robert Grebenok
- Department of Biology, Canisius College, Buffalo, NY 14208, USA
| | - Paul D Nabity
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Spencer T Behmer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Noah K Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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6
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van Wyk N, Badura J, von Wallbrunn C, Pretorius IS. Exploring future applications of the apiculate yeast Hanseniaspora. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:100-119. [PMID: 36823717 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2136565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
As a metaphor, lemons get a bad rap; however the proverb 'if life gives you lemons, make lemonade' is often used in a motivational context. The same could be said of Hanseniaspora in winemaking. Despite its predominance in vineyards and grape must, this lemon-shaped yeast is underappreciated in terms of its contribution to the overall sensory profile of fine wine. Species belonging to this apiculate yeast are known for being common isolates not just on grape berries, but on many other fruits. They play a critical role in the early stages of a fermentation and can influence the quality of the final product. Their deliberate addition within mixed-culture fermentations shows promise in adding to the complexity of a wine and thus provide sensorial benefits. Hanseniaspora species are also key participants in the fermentations of a variety of other foodstuffs ranging from chocolate to apple cider. Outside of their role in fermentation, Hanseniaspora species have attractive biotechnological possibilities as revealed through studies on biocontrol potential, use as a whole-cell biocatalyst and important interactions with Drosophila flies. The growing amount of 'omics data on Hanseniaspora is revealing interesting features of the genus that sets it apart from the other Ascomycetes. This review collates the fields of research conducted on this apiculate yeast genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niël van Wyk
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Badura
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Christian von Wallbrunn
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Isak S Pretorius
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Mure A, Sugiura Y, Maeda R, Honda K, Sakurai N, Takahashi Y, Watada M, Katoh T, Gotoh A, Gotoh Y, Taniguchi I, Nakamura K, Hayashi T, Katayama T, Uemura T, Hattori Y. Identification of key yeast species and microbe-microbe interactions impacting larval growth of Drosophila in the wild. eLife 2023; 12:RP90148. [PMID: 38150375 PMCID: PMC10752588 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota consisting of various fungi and bacteria have a significant impact on the physiological functions of the host. However, it is unclear which species are essential to this impact and how they affect the host. This study analyzed and isolated microbes from natural food sources of Drosophila larvae, and investigated their functions. Hanseniaspora uvarum is the predominant yeast responsible for larval growth in the earlier stage of fermentation. As fermentation progresses, Acetobacter orientalis emerges as the key bacterium responsible for larval growth, although yeasts and lactic acid bacteria must coexist along with the bacterium to stabilize this host-bacterial association. By providing nutrients to the larvae in an accessible form, the microbiota contributes to the upregulation of various genes that function in larval cell growth and metabolism. Thus, this study elucidates the key microbial species that support animal growth under microbial transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Mure
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Rae Maeda
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kohei Honda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | | | - Masayoshi Watada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime UniversityMatsuyamaJapan
| | | | - Aina Gotoh
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Gotoh
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Itsuki Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Keiji Nakamura
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | | | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- AMED-CRESTTokyoJapan
| | - Yukako Hattori
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- JST FORESTTokyoJapan
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8
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Tungadi TD, Powell G, Shaw B, Fountain MT. Factors influencing oviposition behaviour of the invasive pest, Drosophila suzukii, derived from interactions with other Drosophila species: potential applications for control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4132-4139. [PMID: 37516913 PMCID: PMC10952728 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) or spotted wing Drosophila is a worldwide invasive pest of soft- and stone-fruit production. Female D. suzukii lay their eggs in ripening fruit and the hatched larvae damage fruit from the inside, rendering it unmarketable and causing significant economic loss. Current methods to reduce D. suzukii population in the field primarily rely on chemical insecticides which are not a sustainable long-term solution and increase the risk of resistance developing. Several studies demonstrate that when D. suzukii encounter or coexist with other Drosophila on a food source, this is usually a disadvantage to D. suzukii, leading to reduced oviposition and increased larval mortality. These effects have potential to be exploited from a pest management perspective. In this review we summarise recent research articles focusing on the interspecific interactions between D. suzukii and other Drosophila species aimed at understanding how this drives D. suzukii behaviour. Potential semiochemical and microbiome impacts are postulated as determinants of D. suzukii behaviour. Development of control practices focusing on reducing D. suzukii populations and deterring them from laying eggs by utilising factors that drive their behaviour are discussed. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bethan Shaw
- NIABCambridgeUK
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research LtdAucklandNew Zealand
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9
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Ferreira RBR, Antunes LCM. Unlocking the microbiome. eLife 2023; 12:e92482. [PMID: 37819270 PMCID: PMC10567107 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual species of bacteria and yeast present in the food of wild fruit flies work together to provide the nutrients needed for larval growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana BR Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of KansasLawrenceUnited States
| | - L Caetano M Antunes
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of KansasLawrenceUnited States
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10
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van Neerbos FAC, Dewitte P, Wäckers F, Wenseleers T, Jacquemyn H, Lievens B. Bacterial volatiles elicit differential olfactory responses in insect species from the same and different trophic levels. INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 30:1464-1480. [PMID: 36644938 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insect communities consist of species from several trophic levels that have to forage for suitable resources among and within larger patches of nonresources. To locate their resources, insects use diverse stimuli, including olfactory, visual, acoustic, tactile and gustatory cues. While most research has focused on cues derived from plants and other insects, there is mounting evidence that insects also respond to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by microorganisms. However, to date little is known about how the olfactory response of insects within and across different trophic levels is affected by bacterial VOCs. In this study, we used Y-tube bioassays and chemical analysis of VOCs to assess how VOCs emitted by bacteria affect the olfactory response of insects of the same and different trophic levels. Experiments were performed using two aphid species (Amphorophora idaei Börner and Myzus persicae var. nicotianae Blackman), three primary parasitoid species (Aphidius colemani Viereck, A. ervi Haliday, and A. matricariae Viereck), and two hyperparasitoid species (Asaphes suspensus Nees and Dendrocerus aphidum Rondani). Olfactory responses were evaluated for three bacterial strains (Bacillus pumilus ST18.16/133, Curtobacterium sp. ST18.16/085, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus ST18.16/160) that were isolated from the habitat of the insects. Results revealed that insects from all trophic levels responded to bacterial volatiles, but olfactory responses varied between and within trophic levels. All bacteria produced the same set of volatile compounds, but often in different relative concentrations. For 11 of these volatiles we found contrasting correlations between their concentration and the behavior of the primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. Furthermore, olfactometer experiments on three of these compounds confirmed the contrasting olfactory responses of primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids. The potential of these findings for the development of novel semiochemical-based strategies to improve biological aphid control has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Antoinette Cornelus van Neerbos
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Dewitte
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest, Westerlo, Belgium
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Tom Wenseleers
- Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- CMPG Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department M2S, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Guilhot R, Xuéreb A, Lagmairi A, Olazcuaga L, Fellous S. Microbiota acquisition and transmission in Drosophila flies. iScience 2023; 26:107656. [PMID: 37670792 PMCID: PMC10475513 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of host-microbiota associations notably involves exploring how members of the microbiota assemble and whether they are transmitted along host generations. Here, we investigate the larval acquisition of facultative bacterial and yeast symbionts of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila suzukii in ecologically realistic setups. Fly mothers and fruit were major sources of symbionts. Microorganisms associated with adult males also contributed to larval microbiota, mostly in D. melanogaster. Yeasts acquired at the larval stage maintained through metamorphosis, adult life, and were transmitted to offspring. All these observations varied widely among microbial strains, suggesting they have different transmission strategies among fruits and insects. Our approach shows microbiota members of insects can be acquired from a diversity of sources and highlights the compound nature of microbiotas. Such microbial transmission events along generations should favor the evolution of mutualistic interactions and enable microbiota-mediated local adaptation of the insect host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guilhot
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Xuéreb
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Auxane Lagmairi
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Olazcuaga
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Simon Fellous
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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12
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Bozkurt B, Terlemez G, Sezgin E. Basidiomycota species in Drosophila gut are associated with host fat metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13807. [PMID: 37612350 PMCID: PMC10447447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of bacterial microbiota on host metabolism and obesity risk is well documented. However, the role of fungal microbiota on host storage metabolite pools is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on D. melanogaster fat metabolism, and examine interrelatedness between fungal and bacterial microbiota, and major metabolic pools. Fungal and bacterial microbiota profiles, fat, glycogen, and trehalose metabolic pools are measured in a context of genetic variation represented by whole genome sequenced inbred Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) samples. Increasing Basidiomycota, Acetobacter persici, Acetobacter pomorum, and Lactobacillus brevis levels correlated with decreasing triglyceride levels. Host genes and biological pathways, identified via genome-wide scans, associated with Basidiomycota and triglyceride levels were different suggesting the effect of Basidiomycota on fat metabolism is independent of host biological pathways that control fungal microbiota or host fat metabolism. Although triglyceride, glycogen and trehalose levels were highly correlated, microorganisms' effect on triglyceride pool were independent of glycogen and trehalose levels. Multivariate analyses suggested positive interactions between Basidiomycota, A. persici, and L. brevis that collectively correlated negatively with fat and glycogen pools. In conclusion, fungal microbiota can be a major player in host fat metabolism. Interactions between fungal and bacterial microbiota may exert substantial control over host storage metabolite pools and influence obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Bozkurt
- Bioengineering Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Terlemez
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Efe Sezgin
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
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13
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Medeiros MJ, Seo L, Macias A, Price DK, Yew JY. Bacterial and fungal components of the gut microbiome have distinct, sex-specific roles in Hawaiian Drosophila reproduction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.14.549088. [PMID: 37503295 PMCID: PMC10370118 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.14.549088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiomes provide numerous physiological benefits for host animals. The role of bacterial members of microbiomes in host physiology is well-documented. However, much less is known about the contributions and interactions of fungal members of the microbiome even though fungi are significant components of many microbiomes, including those of humans and insects. Here, we used antibacterial and antifungal drugs to manipulate the gut microbiome of a Hawaiian picture-wing Drosophila species, D. grimshawi, and identified distinct, sex-specific roles for the bacteria and fungi in microbiome community stability and reproduction. Female oogenesis, fecundity and mating drive were significantly diminished when fungal communities were suppressed. By contrast, male fecundity was more strongly affected by bacterial but not fungal populations. For males and females, suppression of both bacteria and fungi severely reduced fecundity and altered fatty acid levels and composition, implicating the importance of interkingdom interactions on reproduction and lipid metabolism. Overall, our results reveal that bacteria and fungi have distinct, sexually-dimorphic effects on host physiology and interkingdom dynamics in the gut help to maintain microbiome community stability and enhance reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Medeiros
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas
| | - Laura Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas
| | - Aziel Macias
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas
| | - Donald K. Price
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas
| | - Joanne Y. Yew
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las Vegas
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14
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Ribeiro LB, Proença CEB, Tidon R. Host Preferences Shown by Drosophilids (Diptera) in a Commercial Fruit and Vegetable Distribution Center Follow the Wild Neotropical Pattern. INSECTS 2023; 14:375. [PMID: 37103190 PMCID: PMC10141734 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Although drosophilids have been extensively studied in laboratories worldwide, their ecology is still relatively poorly understood. This is unfortunate because some species are currently expanding their geographic distribution and infesting fruit crops. Here, we investigated the relationship between drosophilids and potential plant hosts in a commercial fruit and vegetable distribution center in the Neotropical region. We collected discarded fruits and vegetables from this commercial center during two time periods (2007-2008 and 2017-2018). Resources were weighted and individually monitored in the laboratory. The drosophilids that emerged were identified, and the relationship between them and their resources was explored. From the 99,478 kg of potential hosts collected, we identified 48 plant taxa, from which 48,894 drosophilids of 16 species emerged. On both collecting occasions, drosophilid assemblages were strongly dominated by basically the same exotic species, which explore a broader range of resources, especially those of exotic origin, when compared to neotropical drosophilids. These results are concerning because the studied site, Along with other urban markets around the world, might be acting as sources of generalist widespread species that disperse to surrounding natural vegetation and contribute to biotic homogenization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís Barbosa Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
| | | | - Rosana Tidon
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil;
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
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15
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Sánchez-Chávez DI, Rodríguez-Zaragoza S, Velez P, Cabirol N, Ojeda M. Fungal feeding preferences and molecular gut content analysis of two abundant oribatid mite species (Acari: Oribatida) under the canopy of Prosopis laevigata (Fabaceae) in a semi-arid land. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 89:417-432. [PMID: 37071227 PMCID: PMC10167177 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Prosopis laevigata (mesquite; Fabaceae) forms fertility islands in soils of semi-arid lands where microbial diversity concentrates in response to the accumulation of resources in the soil beneath individual plants, promoting organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. This phenomenon provides suitable conditions for the proliferation of key edaphic elements such as fungi and mites. Mite-fungal interactions are central for our understanding of nutrient cycling processes in resource-limited arid food webs; yet, no information is available about fertility islands in semi-arid lands. Thus, we aimed to determine in vitro fungal-based feeding preferences and molecular gut content of the oribatid mite species Zygoribatula cf. floridana and Scheloribates cf. laevigatus, which are abundant under the canopy of P. laevigata in an intertropical semi-arid zone in Central Mexico. Our results on the gut content analysis of these oribatid species resulted in the ITS-based identification of the following fungi: Aspergillus homomorphus, Beauveria bassiana, Filobasidium sp., Mortierella sp., Roussoella sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sclerotiniaceae sp. and Triparticalcar sp. Furthermore, under laboratory conditions both oribatid mite species exhibited feeding preferences on melanized fungi, such as Cladosporium spp., whereas A. homomorphus and Fusarium penzigi were avoided. Our findings indicated that the analyzed oribatid mite species have similar feeding preferences for melanized fungi, which might suggest resource partitioning and a degree of preference, explaining the coexistence of both oribatid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Isaac Sánchez-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, FES Iztacala, UNAM, 54090, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Rodríguez-Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana, Unidad de Biotecnología y Prototipos, FES Iztacala, UNAM, 54090, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Velez
- Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nathalie Cabirol
- Grupo de Ecología Microbiana Funcional del Suelo y Protección Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Al Naggar Y, Singavarapu B, Paxton RJ, Wubet T. Bees under interactive stressors: the novel insecticides flupyradifurone and sulfoxaflor along with the fungicide azoxystrobin disrupt the gut microbiota of honey bees and increase opportunistic bacterial pathogens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157941. [PMID: 35952893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in bee health and disease. But it can be disrupted by pesticides and in-hive chemicals, putting honey bee health in danger. We used a controlled and fully crossed laboratory experimental design to test the effects of a 10-day period of chronic exposure to field-realistic sublethal concentrations of two nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist insecticides (nACHRs), namely flupyradifurone (FPF) and sulfoxaflor (Sulf), and a fungicide, azoxystrobin (Azoxy), individually and in combination, on the survival of individual honey bee workers and the composition of their gut microbiota (fungal and bacterial diversity). Metabarcoding was used to examine the gut microbiota on days 0, 5, and 10 of pesticide exposure to determine how the microbial response varies over time; to do so, the fungal ITS2 fragment and the V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA were targeted. We found that FPF has a negative impact on honey bee survival, but interactive (additive or synergistic) effects between either insecticide and the fungicide on honey bee survival were not statistically significant. Pesticide treatments significantly impacted the microbial community composition. The fungicide Azoxy substantially reduced the Shannon diversity of fungi after chronic exposure for 10 days. The relative abundance of the top 10 genera of the bee gut microbiota was also differentially affected by the fungicide, insecticides, and fungicide-insecticide combinations. Gut microbiota dysbiosis was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Serratia spp. (e.g. S. marcescens), which can have devastating consequences for host health such as increased susceptibility to infection and reduced lifespan. Our findings raise concerns about the long-term impact of novel nACHR insecticides, particularly FPF, on pollinator health and recommend a novel methodology for a refined risk assessment that includes the potential effects of agrochemicals on the gut microbiome of bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Al Naggar
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Bala Singavarapu
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Robert J Paxton
- General Zoology, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Hoher Weg 8, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- Department of Community Ecology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Vitenberg T, Opatovsky I. Assessing Fungal Diversity and Abundance in the Black Soldier Fly and its Environment. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:3. [PMID: 36398851 PMCID: PMC9673256 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Detritivorous insects that flourish in decaying environments encounter microorganisms throughout their life cycle. However, it is not clear whether the microbial composition of the decaying environment affects the microbial composition of the insect gut, or whether the opposite is true, with the microorganisms that are adapted to the insect's digestive system being dispersed by the insects to new habitats, thereby becoming more and more common in the environment. To test these questions the fungal composition of the black soldier fly (BSF) (Stratiomyidae; Hermetia illucens Linnaeus) larval gut and its surrounding decaying environment (household compost bins) were analyzed using amplicon sequencing. Constancy in the dominance of the genus Candida (Debaryomycetaceae) in most of the environments and larval guts was found. This finding may suggest a 'core' structure to the fungal community of the BSF. In locations where nutrient composition of the environment had higher fiber content, the Candida was not dominant and the most common fungi were the genus Gibberella (Nectriaceae) and the family Dipodascaceae. The later was dominant also in the larval gut and the former was replaced with Meyerozyma (Debaryomycetaceae), which may suggest a selection process by the insect's gut. Little is known about the ecological interactions of insects with eukaryotic microorganisms, such as yeast-like fungi. As their metabolic complexity and ability is intense, they have the potential to dramatically affect the physiological condition of the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzach Vitenberg
- Department of Nutrition and Natural Products, Laboratory of Insect Nutrition and Metabolism, MIGAL - Galilee Research Centre, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel
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18
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Matthewman C, Narin A, Huston H, Hopkins CE. Systems to model the personalized aspects of microbiome health and gut dysbiosis. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 91:101115. [PMID: 36104261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a complex and dynamic microbial entity that interacts with the environment and other parts of the body including the brain, heart, liver, and immune system. These multisystem interactions are highly conserved from invertebrates to humans, however the complexity and diversity of human microbiota compositions often yield a context that is unique to each individual. Yet commonalities remain across species, where a healthy gut microbiome will be rich in symbiotic commensal biota while an unhealthy gut microbiota will be experiencing abnormal blooms of pathobiont bacteria. In this review we discuss how omics technologies can be applied in a personalized approach to understand the microbial crosstalk and microbial-host interactions that affect the delicate balance between eubiosis and dysbiosis in an individual gut microbiome. We further highlight the strengths of model organisms in identifying and characterizing these conserved synergistic and/or pathogenic host-microbe interactions. And finally, we touch upon the growing area of personalized therapeutic interventions targeting gut microbiome.
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19
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Guo Q, Yao Z, Cai Z, Bai S, Zhang H. Gut fungal community and its probiotic effect on Bactrocera dorsalis. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1145-1158. [PMID: 34918476 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a destructive horticultural pest which causes considerable economic losses every year. A collection of microorganisms live within the B. dorsalis gut, and they are involved in its development, physiology, and behavior. However, knowledge regarding the composition and function of the gut mycobiota in B. dorsalis are still limited. Here, we comprehensively characterized the gut mycobiota in B. dorsalis across different developmental stages. High-throughput sequencing results showed a significant difference in fungal species abundance and diversity among different developmental stages of B. dorsalis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and culture-dependent methods showed that yeast species was the dominant group in the larval stage. We isolated 13 strains of yeast from the larval gut, and found that GF (germ-free) larvae mono-associated with strain Hanseniaspora uvarum developed faster than those mono-associated with other tested fungal strains. Supplementing the larval diet with H. uvarum fully rescued B. dorsalis development, shortened the larval developmental time, and increased adult wing lengths, as well as the body sizes and weights of both pupae and adults. Thus, our study highlights the close interactions between gut fungi, especially H. uvarum, and B. dorsalis. These findings can be applied to the sterile insect technique program to promote host development during mass insect rearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhichao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, China-Australia Joint Research Centre for Horticultural and Urban Pests, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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20
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Tungadi TD, Shaw B, Powell G, Hall DR, Bray DP, Harte SJ, Farman DI, Wijnen H, Fountain MT. Live Drosophila Melanogaster Larvae Deter Oviposition by Drosophila suzukii. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13080688. [PMID: 36005313 PMCID: PMC9408982 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The invasive insect pest, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura or spotted-wing drosophila (SWD) lays its eggs in soft and stone fruit. Eggs hatch into larvae, which feed on fruit, causing fruit collapse and significant economic losses worldwide. Current control methods rely primarily on foliar insecticide applications, which are not sustainable long-term solutions. In nature, D. suzukii interacts with and encounters other Drosophila species, especially towards the end of the growing season when ripening fruits are scarce. We showed previously that D. suzukii were deterred from laying eggs on artificial media exposed to egg laying Drosophila melanogaster, its sister species. It was hypothesized that a signal was left by D. melanogaster which deterred D. suzukii from laying eggs. This study aimed to identify from which D. melanogaster life stage the egg laying deterrent signal originated and we showed that the presence of live D. melanogaster larvae on the egg laying media deter D. suzukii from laying eggs. Drosophila melanogaster cuticular hydrocarbons were examined as the signal source, but no evidence was found for their involvement. These results have improved our understanding of the interspecific interactions between D. suzukii and other Drosophila species and could provide new innovative approaches to D. suzukii management strategies. Abstract The worldwide invasive insect pest, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (spotted-wing Drosophila), lays eggs in soft and stone fruit before harvest. Hatched larvae cause fruit collapse and significant economic losses. Current control methods rely primarily on foliar insecticide applications, which are not sustainable long-term solutions due to regulatory restrictions and the risk of insecticide resistance developing. We showed before that D. suzukii were deterred from laying eggs on artificial media previously visited by its sister species—Drosophila melanogaster. In the current study, laboratory choice test experiments were conducted to identify which D. melanogaster life stage (eggs, larvae, or adult) deterred D. suzukii oviposition. We demonstrated that the presence of live D. melanogaster larvae on the egg-laying media consistently deterred D. suzukii oviposition. Drosophila melanogaster cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) were examined as candidate for the oviposition deterrent. CHCs of larval and adult D. melanogaster and D. suzukii were analyzed. In both species, the composition of the CHCs of larvae was similar to that of adults, although quantities present were much lower. Furthermore, the CHC profiles of the two species were markedly different. However, when assayed as deterrents in the laboratory choice test experiment, CHC extracts from D. melanogaster did not deter oviposition by D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bethan Shaw
- NIAB, East Malling, West Malling ME19 6BJ, UK; (T.D.T.); (B.S.)
| | | | - David R. Hall
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Southampton ME4 4TB, UK; (D.R.H.); (D.P.B.); (S.J.H.); (D.I.F.)
| | - Daniel P. Bray
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Southampton ME4 4TB, UK; (D.R.H.); (D.P.B.); (S.J.H.); (D.I.F.)
| | - Steven J. Harte
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Southampton ME4 4TB, UK; (D.R.H.); (D.P.B.); (S.J.H.); (D.I.F.)
| | - Dudley I. Farman
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Southampton ME4 4TB, UK; (D.R.H.); (D.P.B.); (S.J.H.); (D.I.F.)
| | - Herman Wijnen
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK;
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21
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Keesey IW, Zhang J, Depetris-Chauvin A, Obiero GF, Gupta A, Gupta N, Vogel H, Knaden M, Hansson BS. Functional olfactory evolution in Drosophila suzukii and the subgenus Sophophora. iScience 2022; 25:104212. [PMID: 35573203 PMCID: PMC9093017 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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22
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Chandler JA, Innocent LV, Martinez DJ, Huang IL, Yang JL, Eisen MB, Ludington WB. Microbiome-by-ethanol interactions impact Drosophila melanogaster fitness, physiology, and behavior. iScience 2022; 25:104000. [PMID: 35313693 PMCID: PMC8933687 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota can affect how animals respond to ingested toxins, such as ethanol, which is prevalent in the diets of diverse animals and often leads to negative health outcomes in humans. Ethanol is a complex dietary factor because it acts as a toxin, behavioral manipulator, and nutritional source, with both direct effects on the host as well as indirect ones through the microbiome. Here, we developed a model for chronic, non-intoxicating ethanol ingestion in the adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, and paired this with the tractability of the fly gut microbiota, which can be experimentally removed. We linked numerous physiological, behavioral, and transcriptional variables to fly fitness, including a combination of intestinal barrier integrity, stored triglyceride levels, feeding behavior, and the immunodeficiency pathway. Our results reveal a complex tradeoff between lifespan and fecundity that is microbiome-dependent and modulated by dietary ethanol and feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Angus Chandler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lina Victoria Innocent
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Isaac Li Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jane Lani Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Bruce Eisen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - William Basil Ludington
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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23
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Guilhot R, Rombaut A, Xuéreb A, Howell K, Fellous S. Influence of bacteria on the maintenance of a yeast during Drosophila melanogaster metamorphosis. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:68. [PMID: 34602098 PMCID: PMC8489055 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between microorganisms associated with metazoan hosts are emerging as key features of symbiotic systems. Little is known about the role of such interactions on the maintenance of host-microorganism association throughout the host’s life cycle. We studied the influence of extracellular bacteria on the maintenance of a wild isolate of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae through metamorphosis of the fly Drosophila melanogaster reared in fruit. Yeasts maintained through metamorphosis only when larvae were associated with extracellular bacteria isolated from D. melanogaster faeces. One of these isolates, an Enterobacteriaceae, favoured yeast maintenance during metamorphosis. Such bacterial influence on host-yeast association may have consequences for the ecology and evolution of insect-yeast-bacteria symbioses in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Guilhot
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Antoine Rombaut
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Xuéreb
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Kate Howell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Fellous
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Paula DP. Next-Generation Sequencing and Its Impacts on Entomological Research in Ecology and Evolution. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:679-696. [PMID: 34374956 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advent of NGS-based methods has been profoundly transforming entomological research. Through continual development and improvement of different methods and sequencing platforms, NGS has promoted mass elucidation of partial or whole genetic materials associated with beneficial insects, pests (of agriculture, forestry and animal, and human health), and species of conservation concern, helping to unravel ecological and evolutionary mechanisms and characterizing survival, trophic interactions, and dispersal. It is shifting the scale of biodiversity and environmental analyses from individuals and biodiversity indicator species to the large-scale study of communities and ecosystems using bulk samples of species or a mixed "soup" of environmental DNA. As the NGS-based methods have become more affordable, complexity demystified, and specificity and sensitivity proven, their use in entomological research has spread widely. This article presents several examples on how NGS-based methods have been used in entomology to provide incentives to apply them when appropriate and to open our minds to the expected advances in entomology that are yet to come.
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25
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Milner E, Stevens B, An M, Lam V, Ainsworth M, Dihle P, Stearns J, Dombrowski A, Rego D, Segars K. Utilizing Probiotics for the Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689958. [PMID: 34434175 PMCID: PMC8381467 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are heavily advertised to promote a healthy gastrointestinal tract and boost the immune system. This review article summarizes the history and diversity of probiotics, outlines conventional in vitro assays and in vivo models, assesses the pharmacologic effects of probiotic and pharmaceutical co-administration, and the broad impact of clinical probiotic utilization for gastrointestinal disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Milner
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin Stevens
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Martino An
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Victoria Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Michael Ainsworth
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Preston Dihle
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Jocelyn Stearns
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Andrew Dombrowski
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Rego
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
| | - Katharine Segars
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, United States
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Malassigné S, Minard G, Vallon L, Martin E, Valiente Moro C, Luis P. Diversity and Functions of Yeast Communities Associated with Insects. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081552. [PMID: 34442634 PMCID: PMC8399037 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the concept of the holobiont, insect-microbiota interactions play an important role in insect biology. Many examples of host-associated microorganisms have been reported to drastically influence insect biological processes such as development, physiology, nutrition, survival, immunity, or even vector competence. While a huge number of studies on insect-associated microbiota have focused on bacteria, other microbial partners including fungi have been comparatively neglected. Yeasts, which establish mostly commensal or symbiotic relationships with their host, can dominate the mycobiota of certain insects. This review presents key advances and progress in the research field highlighting the diversity of yeast communities associated with insects, as well as their impact on insect life-history traits, immunity, and behavior.
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Yuan X, Zhang X, Liu X, Dong Y, Yan Z, Lv D, Wang P, Li Y. Comparison of Gut Bacterial Communities of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Reared on Different Host Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136843. [PMID: 34202141 PMCID: PMC8268091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal symbiotic bacteria have played an important role in the digestion, immunity detoxification, mating, and reproduction of insects during long-term coevolution. The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta, is an important fruit tree pest worldwide. However, the composition of the G. molesta microbial community, especially of the gut microbiome, remains unclear. To explore the differences of gut microbiota of G. molesta when reared on different host plants, we determined the gut bacterial structure when G. molesta was transferred from an artificial diet to different host plants (apples, peaches, nectarines, crisp pears, plums, peach shoots) by amplicon sequencing technology. The results showed that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are dominant in the gut microbiota of G. molesta. Plum-feeding G. molesta had the highest richness and diversity of gut microbiota, while apple-feeding G. molesta had the lowest. PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the gut microbiota structure of G. molesta on different diets. PICRUSt2 analysis indicated that most of the functional prediction pathways were concentrated in metabolic and cellular processes. Our results confirmed that gut bacterial communities of G. molesta can be influenced by host diets and may play an important role in host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yanlu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zizheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dongbiao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Buser CC, Jokela J, Martin OY. Scent of a killer: How could killer yeast boost its dispersal? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5809-5814. [PMID: 34141185 PMCID: PMC8207343 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne parasites often manipulate hosts to attract uninfected vectors. For example, parasites causing malaria alter host odor to attract mosquitoes. Here, we discuss the ecology and evolution of fruit-colonizing yeast in a tripartite symbiosis-the so-called "killer yeast" system. "Killer yeast" consists of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast hosting two double-stranded RNA viruses (M satellite dsRNAs, L-A dsRNA helper virus). When both dsRNA viruses occur in a yeast cell, the yeast converts to lethal toxin‑producing "killer yeast" phenotype that kills uninfected yeasts. Yeasts on ephemeral fruits attract insect vectors to colonize new habitats. As the viruses have no extracellular stage, they depend on the same insect vectors as yeast for their dispersal. Viruses also benefit from yeast dispersal as this promotes yeast to reproduce sexually, which is how viruses can transmit to uninfected yeast strains. We tested whether insect vectors are more attracted to killer yeasts than to non‑killer yeasts. In our field experiment, we found that killer yeasts were more attractive to Drosophila than non-killer yeasts. This suggests that vectors foraging on yeast are more likely to transmit yeast with a killer phenotype, allowing the viruses to colonize those uninfected yeast strains that engage in sexual reproduction with the killer yeast. Beyond insights into the basic ecology of the killer yeast system, our results suggest that viruses could increase transmission success by manipulating the insect vectors of their host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia C. Buser
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Aquatic EcologyEawagDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Jukka Jokela
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of Aquatic EcologyEawagDübendorfSwitzerland
| | - Oliver Y. Martin
- Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Department of BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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29
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Callegari M, Crotti E, Fusi M, Marasco R, Gonella E, De Noni I, Romano D, Borin S, Tsiamis G, Cherif A, Alma A, Daffonchio D. Compartmentalization of bacterial and fungal microbiomes in the gut of adult honeybees. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:42. [PMID: 33963194 PMCID: PMC8105395 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00212-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The core gut microbiome of adult honeybee comprises a set of recurring bacterial phylotypes, accompanied by lineage-specific, variable, and less abundant environmental bacterial phylotypes. Several mutual interactions and functional services to the host, including the support provided for growth, hormonal signaling, and behavior, are attributed to the core and lineage-specific taxa. By contrast, the diversity and distribution of the minor environmental phylotypes and fungal members in the gut remain overlooked. In the present study, we hypothesized that the microbial components of forager honeybees (i.e., core bacteria, minor environmental phylotypes, and fungal members) are compartmentalized along the gut portions. The diversity and distribution of such three microbial components were investigated in the context of the physico-chemical conditions of different gut compartments. We observed that changes in the distribution and abundance of microbial components in the gut are consistently compartment-specific for all the three microbial components, indicating that the ecological and physiological interactions among the host and microbiome vary with changing physico-chemical and metabolic conditions of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Callegari
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Marco Fusi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ramona Marasco
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elena Gonella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Ivano De Noni
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Borin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, Agrinion, Greece
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie Sidi Thabet (ISBST), BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, University Manouba, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Alberto Alma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Università degli Studi di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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Seike T, Sakata N, Matsuda F, Furusawa C. Elevated Sporulation Efficiency in Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus Strains Isolated from Drosophila. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050350. [PMID: 33947067 PMCID: PMC8146891 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces japonicus, comprising S. japonicus var. japonicus and S. japonicus var. versatilis varieties, has unique characteristics such as striking hyphal growth not seen in other Schizosaccharomyces species; however, information on its diversity and evolution, in particular mating and sporulation, remains limited. Here we compared the growth and mating phenotypes of 17 wild strains of S. japonicus, including eight S. japonicus var. japonicus strains newly isolated from an insect (Drosophila). Unlike existing wild strains isolated from fruits/plants, the strains isolated from Drosophila sporulated at high frequency even under nitrogen-abundant conditions. In addition, one of the strains from Drosophila was stained by iodine vapor, although the type strain of S. japonicus var. japonicus is not stained. Sequence analysis further showed that the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of pheromone-related genes have diversified among the eight strains from Drosophila, suggesting crossing between S. japonicus cells of different genetic backgrounds occurs frequently in this insect. Much of yeast ecology remains unclear, but our findings suggest that insects such as Drosophila might be a good niche for mating and sporulation, and will provide a basis for the understanding of sporulation mechanisms via signal transduction, as well as the ecology and evolution of yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Seike
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; (N.S.); (C.F.)
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-6-6879-7433
| | - Natsue Sakata
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; (N.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Chikara Furusawa
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 6-2-3 Furuedai, Suita, Osaka 565-0874, Japan; (N.S.); (C.F.)
- Universal Biology Institute, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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31
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Dmitrieva AS, Maksimova IA, Kachalkin AV, Markov AV. Age-Related Changes in the Yeast Component of the Drosophila melanogaster Microbiome. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Separate and combined Hanseniaspora uvarum and Metschnikowia pulcherrima metabolic volatiles are attractive to Drosophila suzukii in the laboratory and field. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1201. [PMID: 33441642 PMCID: PMC7806593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79691-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii flies cause economic losses to fruit crops globally. Previous work shows various Drosophila species are attracted to volatile metabolites produced by individual fruit associated yeast isolates, but fruits naturally harbour a rich diversity of yeast species. Here, we report the relative attractiveness of D. suzukii to yeasts presented individually or in combinations using laboratory preference tests and field trapping data. Laboratory trials revealed four of 12 single yeast isolates were attractive to D. suzukii, of which Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Hanseniaspora uvarum were also attractive in field trials. Four out of 10 yeast combinations involving Candida zemplinina, Pichia pijperi, M. pulcherrima and H. uvarum were attractive in the laboratory. Whilst a combination of M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum trapped the greatest number of D. suzukii in the field, the efficacy of the M. pulcherrima + H. uvarum combination to trap D. suzukii was not significantly greater than traps primed with volatiles from only H. uvarum. While volatiles from isolates of M. pulcherrima and H. uvarum show promise as baits for D. suzukii, further research is needed to ascertain how and why flies are attracted to certain baits to optimise control efficacy.
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Henry Y, Tarapacki P, Colinet H. Larval density affects phenotype and surrounding bacterial community without altering gut microbiota in Drosophila melanogaster. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5813260. [PMID: 32221589 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Larval crowding represents a complex stressful situation arising from inter-individual competition for time- and space-limited resources. The foraging of a large number of individuals may alter the chemical and bacterial composition of food and in turn affect individual's traits. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to explore these assumptions. First, we used a wide larval density gradient to investigate the impact of crowding on phenotypical traits. We confirmed that high densities increased development time and pupation height, and decreased viability and body mass. Next, we measured concentrations of common metabolic wastes (ammonia, uric acid) and characterized bacterial communities, both in food and in larvae, for three contrasting larval densities (low, medium and high). Ammonia concentration increased in food from medium and high larval densities, but remained low in larvae regardless of the larval density. Uric acid did not accumulate in food but was detected in larvae. Surprisingly, bacterial composition remained stable in guts of larvae whatever their rearing density, although it drastically changed in the food. Overall, these results indicate that crowding deeply affects individuals, and also their abiotic and biotic surroundings. Environmental bacterial communities likely adapt to altered nutritional situations resulting from crowding, putatively acting as scavengers of larval metabolic wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Henry
- ECOBIO - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Rennes, France.,Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - P Tarapacki
- ECOBIO - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - H Colinet
- ECOBIO - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Rennes, France
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34
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Kamareddine L, Najjar H, Sohail MU, Abdulkader H, Al-Asmakh M. The Microbiota and Gut-Related Disorders: Insights from Animal Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112401. [PMID: 33147801 PMCID: PMC7693214 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the scientific committee has called for broadening our horizons in understanding host–microbe interactions and infectious disease progression. Owing to the fact that the human gut harbors trillions of microbes that exhibit various roles including the production of vitamins, absorption of nutrients, pathogen displacement, and development of the host immune system, particular attention has been given to the use of germ-free (GF) animal models in unraveling the effect of the gut microbiota on the physiology and pathophysiology of the host. In this review, we discuss common methods used to generate GF fruit fly, zebrafish, and mice model systems and highlight the use of these GF model organisms in addressing the role of gut-microbiota in gut-related disorders (metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer), and in activating host defense mechanisms and amending pathogenic virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Kamareddine
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Hoda Najjar
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
| | - Hadil Abdulkader
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (L.K.); (H.N.); (M.U.S.); (H.A.)
- Biomedical Research Center, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-4789
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35
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Interactions between the microbiome and mating influence the female's transcriptional profile in Drosophila melanogaster. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18168. [PMID: 33097776 PMCID: PMC7584617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster females undergo a variety of post-mating changes that influence their activity, feeding behavior, metabolism, egg production and gene expression. These changes are induced either by mating itself or by sperm or seminal fluid proteins. In addition, studies have shown that axenic females-those lacking a microbiome-have altered fecundity compared to females with a microbiome, and that the microbiome of the female's mate can influence reproductive success. However, the extent to which post-mating changes in transcript abundance are affected by microbiome state is not well-characterized. Here we investigated fecundity and the post-mating transcript abundance profile of axenic or control females after mating with either axenic or control males. We observed interactions between the female's microbiome and her mating status: transcripts of genes involved in reproduction and genes with neuronal functions were differentially abundant depending on the females' microbiome status, but only in mated females. In addition, immunity genes showed varied responses to either the microbiome, mating, or a combination of those two factors. We further observed that the male's microbiome status influences the fecundity of both control and axenic females, while only influencing the transcriptional profile of axenic females. Our results indicate that the microbiome plays a vital role in the post-mating switch of the female's transcriptome.
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36
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McMullen JG, Peters-Schulze G, Cai J, Patterson AD, Douglas AE. How gut microbiome interactions affect nutritional traits of Drosophila melanogaster. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/19/jeb227843. [PMID: 33051361 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.227843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most research on the impact of the gut microbiome on animal nutrition is designed to identify the effects of single microbial taxa and single metabolites of microbial origin, without considering the potentially complex network of interactions among co-occurring microorganisms. Here, we investigated how different microbial associations and their fermentation products affect host nutrition, using Drosophila melanogaster colonized with three gut microorganisms (the bacteria Acetobacter fabarum and Lactobacillus brevis, and the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum) in all seven possible combinations. Some microbial effects on host traits could be attributed to single taxa (e.g. yeast-mediated reduction of insect development time), while other effects were sex specific and driven by among-microbe interactions (e.g. male lipid content determined by interactions between the yeast and both bacteria). Parallel analysis of nutritional indices of microbe-free flies administered different microbial fermentation products (acetic acid, acetoin, ethanol and lactic acid) revealed a single consistent effect: that the lipid content of both male and female flies is reduced by acetic acid. This effect was recapitulated in male flies colonized with both yeast and A. fabarum, but not for any microbial treatment in females or males with other microbial complements. These data suggest that the effect of microbial fermentation products on host nutritional status is strongly context dependent, with respect to both the combination of associated microorganisms and host sex. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that among-microbe interactions can play a critically important role in determining the physiological outcome of host-microbiome interactions in Drosophila and, likely, in other animal hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G McMullen
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | - Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Angela E Douglas
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA .,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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37
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Bing XL, Zhao DS, Peng CW, Huang HJ, Hong XY. Similarities and spatial variations of bacterial and fungal communities in field rice planthopper (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) populations. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:947-963. [PMID: 32198842 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rice planthoppers are notorious plant sap-feeding pests which cause serious damage. While several microbes in rice planthoppers have been broadly characterized, the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in field planthoppers are largely unknown. This study investigated the bacterial and fungal community compositions of Chinese wild rice planthoppers Laodelphax striatellus and Sogatella furcifera using parallel 16S rRNA gene amplicon and internal transcribed space region sequencing. The bacteria varied significantly between the species and were partitioned significantly by sex, tissues and host environments in each species. The majority of bacteria were affiliated with the genera Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsia and Pantoea. The abundance of Wolbachia was negatively correlated with that of Cardinium in both planthopper species. Compared with bacteria, the abundance and diversity of fungi did not differ between sexes but both were enriched in the gut. The bacterial community as a whole showed no significant correlation with the fungal community. The majority of fungi were related to Sarocladium, Alternaria, Malassezia, Aspergillus and Curvularia. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that these fungi were closely related to botanic symbionts or pathogens. Our results provide novel insights into the bacteria and fungi of rice planthoppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Bing
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dian-Shu Zhao
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang-Wu Peng
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Jian Huang
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Hong
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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38
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Kapun M, Barrón MG, Staubach F, Obbard DJ, Wiberg RAW, Vieira J, Goubert C, Rota-Stabelli O, Kankare M, Bogaerts-Márquez M, Haudry A, Waidele L, Kozeretska I, Pasyukova EG, Loeschcke V, Pascual M, Vieira CP, Serga S, Montchamp-Moreau C, Abbott J, Gibert P, Porcelli D, Posnien N, Sánchez-Gracia A, Grath S, Sucena É, Bergland AO, Guerreiro MPG, Onder BS, Argyridou E, Guio L, Schou MF, Deplancke B, Vieira C, Ritchie MG, Zwaan BJ, Tauber E, Orengo DJ, Puerma E, Aguadé M, Schmidt P, Parsch J, Betancourt AJ, Flatt T, González J. Genomic Analysis of European Drosophila melanogaster Populations Reveals Longitudinal Structure, Continent-Wide Selection, and Previously Unknown DNA Viruses. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:2661-2678. [PMID: 32413142 PMCID: PMC7475034 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation is the fuel of evolution, with standing genetic variation especially important for short-term evolution and local adaptation. To date, studies of spatiotemporal patterns of genetic variation in natural populations have been challenging, as comprehensive sampling is logistically difficult, and sequencing of entire populations costly. Here, we address these issues using a collaborative approach, sequencing 48 pooled population samples from 32 locations, and perform the first continent-wide genomic analysis of genetic variation in European Drosophila melanogaster. Our analyses uncover longitudinal population structure, provide evidence for continent-wide selective sweeps, identify candidate genes for local climate adaptation, and document clines in chromosomal inversion and transposable element frequencies. We also characterize variation among populations in the composition of the fly microbiome, and identify five new DNA viruses in our samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kapun
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maite G Barrón
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Staubach
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Darren J Obbard
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - R Axel W Wiberg
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Vieira
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Clément Goubert
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Omar Rota-Stabelli
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’ Adige, Italy
| | - Maaria Kankare
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - María Bogaerts-Márquez
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annabelle Haudry
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Lena Waidele
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Iryna Kozeretska
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- General and Medical Genetics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Elena G Pasyukova
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Laboratory of Genome Variation, Institute of Molecular Genetics of RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Volker Loeschcke
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Bioscience—Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marta Pascual
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina P Vieira
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Svitlana Serga
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- General and Medical Genetics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Catherine Montchamp-Moreau
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, IRD, UMR Évolution, Génomes, Comportement et Écologie, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jessica Abbott
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patricia Gibert
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damiano Porcelli
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nico Posnien
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonja Grath
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | - Élio Sucena
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alan O Bergland
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Maria Pilar Garcia Guerreiro
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Banu Sebnem Onder
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eliza Argyridou
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | - Lain Guio
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mads Fristrup Schou
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Bioscience—Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Section for Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bart Deplancke
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Institute of Bio-engineering, School of Life Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Vieira
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Michael G Ritchie
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, Scotland
| | - Bas J Zwaan
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Eran Tauber
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dorcas J Orengo
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Puerma
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Aguadé
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Schmidt
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - John Parsch
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
| | - Andrea J Betancourt
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behaviour, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Flatt
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Josefa González
- The European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU)
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Bianchi F, Spitaler U, Robatscher P, Vogel RF, Schmidt S, Eisenstecken D. Comparative Lipidomics of Different Yeast Species Associated to Drosophila suzukii. Metabolites 2020; 10:E352. [PMID: 32872268 PMCID: PMC7569767 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10090352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts constitute a dietary source for the spotted wing drosophila (SWD) and produce compounds that attract these flies. The study of the chemical composition of the yeast communities associated with SWD should therefore help to understand the relationship between the biology of the insect and the yeast's metabolism. In the present study, the lipidome of five yeast species isolated from grapes infested by SWD (three Hanseniaspora uvarum strains, Candida sp., Issatchenkia terricola, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Saccharomycopsis vini) and a laboratory strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was explored using an untargeted approach. Additionally, the lipid profile of two species, S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum, which were reported to elicit different responses on SWD flies based on feeding and behavioral trials, was compared with a chemical enrichment approach. Overall, 171 lipids were annotated. The yeast species could be distinguished from each other based on their lipid profile, except for the three strains of H. uvarum, which were very similar to each other. The chemical enrichment analysis emphasized diversities between S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum, that could not be detected based on their global lipid profile. The information concerning differences between species in their lipidome may be of interest to future entomological studies concerning the yeast-insect interaction and could help to explain the responses of SWD to diverse yeast species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Bianchi
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Institute for Agricultural Chemistry and Food Quality, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), 39040 Auer, Italy; (F.B.); (P.R.)
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Urban Spitaler
- Entomology Group, Institute for Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), 39040 Auer, Italy; (U.S.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Robatscher
- Laboratory for Flavours and Metabolites, Institute for Agricultural Chemistry and Food Quality, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), 39040 Auer, Italy; (F.B.); (P.R.)
| | - Rudi F. Vogel
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Silvia Schmidt
- Entomology Group, Institute for Plant Health, Laimburg Research Centre, Ora (BZ), 39040 Auer, Italy; (U.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Eisenstecken
- Chair of Technical Microbiology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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Jadhav R, Tiwari S, Avchar R, Groenewald M, Baghela A. Suhomyces drosophilae sp. nov., isolated from Drosophila flies feeding on a stinkhorn mushroom. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2020; 70:4908-4913. [PMID: 32716833 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of Suhomyces species have been isolated from fungus-feeding insects and particularly from the gut of beetles. In the present study, seven yeast strains were isolated from the gut of Drosophila species feeding on gleba, the spore-bearing inner mass, of a stinkhorn mushroom belonging to the family Phallaceae. Based on phenotypic, biochemical characterization and sequence analysis of the D1/D2 region of the large subunit rRNA gene and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, two of these yeast strains, DGY3 and DGY4, represented a novel species of the genus Suhomyces. The novel species is closely related to an undescribed species of Candida ST-370 (DQ404513) and with Suhomyces canberraensis, wherein, the novel species differs from S. canberraensis by 40 nucleotide substitutions and three gaps (7.7 % sequence variation) in the D1/D2 region and 50 nucleotide substitutions and seven gaps (13.7 % sequence variation) in the ITS region. Several morphological and physiological differences were also observed between S. canberraensis and the strains obtained during this study. These data support the proposal of Suhomyces drosophilae as a novel species, with DGY3T as the holotype and CBS 16329T and MCC 1871T as ex-type strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Jadhav
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, India
| | - Snigdha Tiwari
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.,National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, India
| | - Rameshwar Avchar
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India.,National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, India
| | - Marizeth Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Baghela
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology Group, MACS-Agharkar Research Institute, G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, India.,Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
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Meriggi N, Di Paola M, Cavalieri D, Stefanini I. Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Insects Association: Impacts, Biogeography, and Extent. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1629. [PMID: 32760380 PMCID: PMC7372139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, an increasing number of studies have reported the existence of an association between the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and insects. The discovery of this relationship has called into question the hypothesis that S. cerevisiae is unable to survive in nature and that the presence of S. cerevisiae strains in natural specimens is the result of contamination from human-related environments. S. cerevisiae cells benefit from this association as they find in the insect intestine a shelter, but also a place where they can reproduce themselves through mating, the latter being an event otherwise rarely observed in natural environments. On the other hand, insects also take advantage in hosting S. cerevisiae as they rely on yeasts as nutriment to properly develop, to localize suitable food, and to enhance their immune system. Despite the relevance of this relationship on both yeast and insect ecology, we are still far from completely appreciating its extent and effects. It has been shown that other yeasts are able to colonize only one or a few insect species. Is it the same for S. cerevisiae cells or is this yeast able to associate with any insect? Similarly, is this association geographically or topographically limited in areas characterized by specific physical features? With this review, we recapitulate the nature of the S. cerevisiae-insect association, disclose its extent in terms of geographical distribution and species involved, and present YeastFinder, a cured online database providing a collection of information on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Di Paola
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Irene Stefanini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Identification of entomopathogenic bacteria associated with the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii in infested areas of Germany. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 173:107389. [PMID: 32348777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The invasive insect pest Drosophila suzukii causes extensive damage to soft-skinned fruit crops as they ripen. Current control methods involve the application of chemical pesticides, but this approach is ineffective and environmentally hazardous. To investigate the potential of bacterial pathogens carried by D. suzukii as biocontrol agents, we characterized bacteria associated with D. suzukii larvae in two parts of Hesse, Germany, by collecting infested fruits and culturing individual bacteria from moribund specimens for taxonomic classification by 16S rDNA sequencing. Among the bacteria we detected, some had a detrimental effect on the host whereas others were neutral or beneficial. When the detrimental and beneficial bacteria were presented simultaneously, we observed complex tripartite interactions that modulated the insect's innate immune response. Our study provides insight into the complex relationships within the microbiome and pathobiome of D. suzukii and may lead to the isolation of bacteria that can be used as biological control agents.
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Su W, Liu J, Bai P, Ma B, Liu W. Pathogenic fungi-induced susceptibility is mitigated by mutual Lactobacillus plantarum in the Drosophila melanogaster model. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:302. [PMID: 31864308 PMCID: PMC6925846 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1686-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since animals frequently encounter a variety of harmful fungi in nature, their ability to develop sophisticated anti-fungal strategies allows them to flourish across the globe. Extensive studies have highlighted the significant involvement of indigenous microbial communities in human health. However, the daunting diversity of mammalian microbiota and host genetic complexity are major obstacles to our understanding of these intricate links between microbiota components, host immune genotype, and disease phenotype. In this study, we sought to develop a bacterium-fungus-Drosophila model to systematically evaluate the anti-fungal effects of commensal bacteria. Results We isolated the pathogenic fungal strain, Diaporthe FY, which was detrimental to the survival and development of Drosophila upon infection. Using Drosophila as a model system, Drosophila-associated Lactobacillus plantarum functioned as a probiotic, and protected the flies from mortality induced by Diaporthe FY. Our results show that L. plantarum hindered the growth of Diaporthe FY in vitro, and decreased the mortality rate of Diaporthe FY-infected flies in vivo, consequently mitigating the toxicity of Diaporthe FY to the hosts. Additionally, the presence of L. plantarum overrode the avoidance of oviposition on Diaporthe FY-associated substrates. Conclusions Diaporthe FY was identified as a potential Drosophila pathogen. Commensal L. plantarum mitigated the susceptibility of Drosophila to pathogenic fungi, providing insight into the natural interplay between commensal and pathogenic microbial communities that contribute to animal health and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Su
- Department of Clinical Medical, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Clinical Medical, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China
| | - Peng Bai
- Department of Basic Medical, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China
| | - Baocang Ma
- Department of Clinical Medical, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Fenyang, 032200, Shanxi, China.
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Context-Dependence and the Development of Push-Pull Approaches for Integrated Management of Drosophila suzukii. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10120454. [PMID: 31847450 PMCID: PMC6956413 DOI: 10.3390/insects10120454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable pest control requires a systems approach, based on a thorough ecological understanding of an agro-ecosystem. Such fundamental understanding provides a basis for developing strategies to manipulate the pest’s behaviour, distribution, and population dynamics, to be employed for crop protection. This review focuses on the fundamental knowledge required for the development of an effective push-pull approach. Push-pull is a strategy to repel a pest from a crop, while attracting it toward an external location. It often relies on infochemicals (e.g., pheromones or allelochemicals) that are relevant in the ecology of the pest insect and can be exploited as lure or repellent. Importantly, responsiveness of insects to infochemicals is dependent on both the insect’s internal physiological state and external environmental conditions. This context-dependency reflects the integration of cues from different sensory modalities, the effect of mating and/or feeding status, as well as diurnal or seasonal rhythms. Furthermore, when the costs of responding to an infochemical outweigh the benefits, resistance can rapidly evolve. Here, we argue that profound knowledge on context-dependence is important for the development and implementation of push-pull approaches. We illustrate this by discussing the relevant fundamental knowledge on the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii as an example.
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Bioprospection of Enzymes and Microorganisms in Insects to Improve Second-Generation Ethanol Production. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Solomon GM, Dodangoda H, McCarthy-Walker T, Ntim-Gyakari R, Newell PD. The microbiota of Drosophila suzukii influences the larval development of Drosophila melanogaster. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8097. [PMID: 31763075 PMCID: PMC6873876 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms play a central role in the biology of vinegar flies such as Drosophila suzukii and Drosophila melanogaster: serving as a food source to both adults and larvae, and influencing a range of traits including nutrition, behavior, and development. The niches utilized by the fly species partially overlap, as do the microbiota that sustain them, and interactions among these players may drive the development of crop diseases. To learn more about how the microbiota of one species may affect the other, we isolated and identified microbes from field-caught D. suzukii, and then characterized their effects on D. melanogaster larval development time in the laboratory. We found that the D. suzukii microbiota consistently included both yeasts and bacteria. It was dominated by yeasts of the genus Hanseniaspora, and bacteria from the families Acetobacteraceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Raising D. melanogaster under gnotobiotic conditions with each microbial isolate individually, we found that some bacteria promoted larval development relative to axenic conditions, but most did not have a significant effect. In contrast, nearly all the yeasts tested significantly accelerated larval development. The one exception was Starmerella bacillaris, which had the opposite effect: significantly slowing larval developmental rate. We investigated the basis for this effect by examining whether S. bacillaris cells could sustain larval growth, and measuring the survival of S. bacillaris and other yeasts in the larval gut. Our results suggest S. bacillaris is not digested by D. melanogaster and therefore cannot serve as a source of nutrition. These findings have interesting implications for possible interactions between the two Drosophilia species and their microbiota in nature. Overall, we found that microbes isolated from D. suzukii promote D. melanogaster larval development, which is consistent with the model that infestation of fruit by D. suzukii can open up habitat for D. melanogaster. We propose that the microbiome is an important dimension of the ecological interactions between Drosophila species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. Solomon
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, United States of America
| | - Hiruni Dodangoda
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, United States of America
| | - Tylea McCarthy-Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, United States of America
| | - Rita Ntim-Gyakari
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Newell
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, United States of America
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Dmitrieva AS, Ivnitsky SB, Maksimova IA, Panchenko PL, Kachalkin AV, Markov AV. Yeasts affect tolerance of Drosophila melanogaster to food substrate with high NaCl concentration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224811. [PMID: 31693706 PMCID: PMC6834263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of model animal species, such as Drosophila melanogaster, to adapt quickly to various adverse conditions has been shown in many experimental evolution studies. It is usually assumed by default that such adaptation is due to changes in the gene pool of the studied population of macroorganisms. At the same time, it is known that microbiome can influence biological processes in macroorganisms. In order to assess the possible impact of microbiome on adaptation, we performed an evolutionary experiment in which some D. melanogaster lines were reared on a food substrate with high NaCl concentration while the others were reared on the standard (favourable) substrate. We evaluated the reproductive efficiency of experimental lines on the high salt substrate three years after the experiment started. Our tests confirmed that the lines reared on the salty substrate became more tolerant to high NaCl concentration. Moreover, we found that pre-inoculation of the high salt medium with homogenized salt-tolerant flies tended to improve reproductive efficiency of naïve flies on this medium (compared to pre-inoculation with homogenized control flies). The analysis of yeast microbiome in fly homogenates revealed significant differences in number and species richness of yeasts between salt-tolerant and control lines. We also found that some individual yeast lines extracted from the salt-tolerant flies improved reproductive efficiency of naïve flies on salty substrate (compared to baker's yeast and no yeast controls), whereas the effect of the yeast lines extracted from the control flies tended to be smaller. The yeast Starmerella bacillaris extracted from the salt-tolerant flies showed the strongest positive effect. This yeast is abundant in all salt-tolerant lines, and very rare or absent in all control lines. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that some components of the yeast microbiome of D. melanogaster contribute to to flies' tolerance to food substrate with high NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Dmitrieva
- Department of Biological Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. B. Ivnitsky
- Department of Biological Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Maksimova
- Department of Soil Biology, Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - P. L. Panchenko
- Department of Biological Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Kachalkin
- Department of Soil Biology, Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - A. V. Markov
- Department of Biological Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Sauers LA, Sadd BM. An interaction between host and microbe genotypes determines colonization success of a key bumble bee gut microbiota member. Evolution 2019; 73:2333-2342. [PMID: 31584186 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There has been a proliferation of studies demonstrating an organism's health is influenced by its microbiota. However, factors influencing beneficial microbe colonization and the evolution of these relationships remain understudied relative to host-pathogen interactions. Vertically transmitted beneficial microbes are predicted to show high levels of specificity in colonization, including genotype matching, which may transpire through coevolution. We investigate how host and bacterial genotypes influence colonization of a core coevolved microbiota member in bumble bees. The hindgut colonizing Snodgrassella alvi confers direct benefits, but, as an early colonizer, also facilitates the further development of a healthy microbiota. Due to predominantly vertical transmission promoting tight evolution between colonization factors of bacteria and host lineages, we predict that genotype-by-genotype interactions will determine successful colonization. Germ-free adult bees from seven bumble bee colonies (host genotypic units) were inoculated with one of six genetically distinct strains of S. alvi. Subsequent colonization within host and microbe genotypes combinations ranged from 0 to 100%, and an interaction between host and microbe genotypes determined colonization success. This novel finding of a genotype-by-genotype interaction determining colonization in an animal host-beneficial microbe system has implications for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of host and microbe, including associated host-fitness benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Sauers
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, 61761
| | - Ben M Sadd
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, 61761
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Trautenberg LC, Prince E, Maas C, Beier N, Honold F, Grzybek M, Brankatschk M. Selective Phosphorylation of Akt/Protein-Kinase B Isoforms in Response to Dietary Cues. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:206. [PMID: 31649929 PMCID: PMC6796796 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A calorie-rich diet is one reason for the continuous spread of metabolic syndromes in western societies. Smart food design is one powerful tool to prevent metabolic stress, and the search for suitable bioactive additives is a continuous task. The nutrient-sensing insulin pathway is an evolutionary conserved mechanism that plays an important role in metabolism, growth and development. Recently, lipid cues capable to stimulate insulin signaling were identified. However, the mechanistic base of their activity remains obscure to date. We show that specific Akt/Protein-kinase B isoforms are responsive to different calorie-rich diets, and potentiate the activity of the cellular insulin cascade. Our data add a new dimension to existing models and position Drosophila as a powerful tool to study the relation between dietary lipid cues and the insulin-induced cellular signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michal Grzybek
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Oberschleissheim, Germany
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50
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Yao Z, Ma Q, Cai Z, Raza MF, Bai S, Wang Y, Zhang P, Ma H, Zhang H. Similar Shift Patterns in Gut Bacterial and Fungal Communities Across the Life Stages of Bactrocera minax Larvae From Two Field Populations. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2262. [PMID: 31649629 PMCID: PMC6794421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is an oligophagous insect pest that damages citrus fruit, especially in China. Due to larvae living within a highly septic environment, a wide variety of microorganisms exist in the larval gut of B. minax. However, a systematic study of the intestinal microbiota of this harmful insect pest is still lacking. Here, we comprehensively investigated the larval gut microbiota of B. minax in two field populations from Zigui (developed in orange) and Danjiangkou (developed in mandarin orange). We observed a dominance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes in these bacterial communities, and Enterobacteriaceae was the predominant family throughout the larval stage. However, most of the identified fungal sequences were annotated as being from either Ascomycota or Basidiomycota phyla. Although there was a difference in the structure of the microbial communities between the two populations, the dynamic change patterns of most of the members of the microbiota were similar across the lifespan of larvae in both populations. The relative abundances of the Acetobacteraceae, Leuconostocaceae, and Lactobacillaceae gut bacteria as well as the Pichiaceae, Sebacinaceae, and Amanitaceae fungi increased throughout development, and these microorganisms stably resided in the larval gut. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of the functions of gut bacterial communities were inferred, and there was a significant increase in carbohydrate metabolism across the lifespan of larvae in both groups. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Acetobacteraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Leuconostocaceae displayed a positive correlation with fructose and mannose metabolism, an important pathway of carbohydrate metabolism, highlighting the potential roles of these prevalent microbial communities in host biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Fahim Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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