1
|
Oliulla H, Mizan MFR, Ashrafudoulla M, Meghla NS, Ha AJW, Park SH, Ha SD. The challenges and prospects of using cold plasma to prevent bacterial contamination and biofilm formation in the meat industry. Meat Sci 2024; 217:109596. [PMID: 39089085 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The risk of foodborne disease outbreaks increases when the pathogenic bacteria are able to form biofilms, and this presents a major threat to public health. An emerging non-thermal cold plasma (CP) technology has proven a highly effective method for decontaminating meats and their products and extended their shelf life. CP treatments have ability to reduce microbial load and, biofilm formation with minimal change of color, pH value, and lipid oxidation of various meat and meat products. The CP technique offers many advantages over conventional processing techniques due to its layout flexibility, nonthermal behavior, affordability, and ecological sustainability. The technology is still in its infancy, and continuous research efforts are needed to realize its full potential in the meat industry. This review addresses the basic principles and the impact of CP technology on biofilm formation, meat quality (including microbiological, color, pH value, texture, and lipid oxidation), and microbial inactivation pathways and also the prospects of this technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humaun Oliulla
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Nigar Sultana Meghla
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Jie-Won Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea; Grand Hyatt Hotel Jeju, 12 Noyeon Ro, Jeju, Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hong Park
- Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea; GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Anseong, Gyeonggido 17546, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bai M, Zhang C, Xu S, Zhang M, Zhang C. Global transcriptional analysis for molecular responses of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores in drinking water after low- and medium-pressure ultraviolet irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 480:136007. [PMID: 39366042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can effectively disinfect water contaminated with pathogens. However, the biological mechanisms of inactivation by different types of UV irradiation are unknown. The present study investigated the inactivation mechanisms of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris spores in water by low-pressure UV (LPUV) and medium-pressure UV (MPUV) using a quasi-collimated beam apparatus. Global transcriptomic data obtained by RNA-seq revealed 291 shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that damaged DNA, reduced biofilm formation, and had other reactions. The individual downregulated DEGs (n = 123) mainly related to cell motility, membrane transport, and metabolism were induced by LPUV, and in turn contributed to energy-saving and metabolic activity inhibition, forcing bacteria into a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. The individual upregulated DEGs (n = 244) following MPUV treatment were mainly enriched in cell motility, membrane transport, metabolism, DNA replication and repair, and spore germination pathways. This results in high-energy consumption, severe damage to genetic material, and enhanced spore germination accelerated cell death. Additionally, hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network were mainly involved in transcription and translation. These findings contribute to the comprehensive understanding of the inactivation mechanisms of different types of UV irradiation, and will improve applications of UV disinfection in the treatment of water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Bai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chuanfu Zhang
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shaofeng Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Minglu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Health Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun Y, Gao R, Liao X, Shen M, Chen X, Feng J, Ding T. Stress response of Salmonella Newport with various sequence types toward plasma-activated water: Viable but nonculturable state formation and outer membrane vesicle production. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100764. [PMID: 38779345 PMCID: PMC11109322 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the response of Salmonella Newport to plasma-activated water (PAW), a novel disinfectant that attracts attention due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy and eco-friendliness. In this work, we demonstrated that S. Newport of different sequence types (STs) could be induced into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state by PAW treatment. Notably, a remarkable 99.96% of S. Newport ST45 strain entered the VBNC state after a 12-min PAW treatment, which was the fastest observed among the five S. Newport STs (ST31, ST45, ST46, ST166, ST2364). Secretion of outer membrane vesicles was observed in ST45, suggesting a potential strategy against PAW treatment. Genes related to oxidative stress (sodA, katE, trxA), outer membrane proteins (ompA, ompC, ompD, ompF) and virulence (pagC, sipC, sopE2) were upregulated in the PAW-treated S. Newport, especially in ST45. A reduction of 38-65% in intracellular ATP level after PAW treatment was observed, indicating a contributor to the formation of the VBNC state. In addition, a rapid method for detecting the proportion of VBNC cells in food products based on pagC was established. This study contributes to understanding the formation mechanism of the VBNC state in S. Newport under PAW stress and offers insights for controlling microbial risks in the food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Sun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Mofei Shen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiuqin Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinsong Feng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Luo K, Hu X, Li Y, Guo M, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhuo W, Yang B, Wang X, Shi C. Revealing the mechanism of citral induced entry of Vibrio vulnificus into viable but not culturable (VBNC) state based on transcriptomics. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 416:110656. [PMID: 38461733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Citral has attracted much attention as a safe and effective plant-derived bacteriostatic agent. However, the ability of citral to induce the formation of VBNC state in Vibrio vulnificus has not been evaluated. In the present study, V. vulnificus was shown to be induced to form the VBNC state at 4.5 h and 3 h of citral treatment at 4MIC and 6MIC. Moreover, the citral-induced VBNC state of V. vulnificus maintained some respiratory chain activity and was able to recover well in both APW media, APW media supplemented with 5 % (v/v) Tween 80 and 2 mg/mL sodium pyruvate. Field emission and transmission electron microscopy showed that the external structure of the citral-induced VBNC V. vulnificus cells was shortened to short rods, with folded cell membrane, rough cell surface, and dense cytoplasm and loose nuclear material in the internal cell structure. In addition, the possible molecular mechanisms of citral-induced formation and recovery of V. vulnificus in the VBNC state were explored by transcriptomics. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 1118 genes were significantly altered upon entry into the VBNC state, and 1052 genes were changed after resuscitation. Most of the physiological activities related to energy production were inhibited in the citral-induced VBNC state of V. vulnificus; however, the bacteria retained its pathogenicity. The citral-induced resuscitation of V. vulnificus in the VBNC state selectively restored the activity of some genes related to bacterial growth and reproduction. Meanwhile, the expression levels of other genes may have been influenced by citral-induced resuscitation after the formation of the VBNC state. In conclusion, this study evaluated and analyzed the ability and possible mechanism of citral on the formation of VBNC state and the recovery of VBNC state of V. vulnificus, and made a comprehensive assessment for the safety of citral application in food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunyao Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Xinquan Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yanzheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Meixian Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Zhuo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Northwest A&F University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Liu C, Wang S, Mao X. Staphylococcus aureus enters viable-but-nonculturable state in response to chitooligosaccharide stress by altering metabolic pattern and transmembrane transport function. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121772. [PMID: 38368090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Although chitooligosaccharide (COS) has attracted the attention of some researchers due to its good solubility and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, our study found that Staphylococcus aureus treated with low concentration of COS actively entered the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state to resist this environmental stress. In this study, the transcriptome of VBNC-state S. aureus after COS treatment was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Compared with the control group, pathway enrichment analysis showed that COS-treated S. aureus adopted a series of adaptive adjustment strategies for survival, including significant up-regulation of the differential genes' expression of such as ABC transporters (metI, tagG), Sec dependent transport pathway (secDF), peptidoglycan synthesis pathway (murG) and alteration of their physiological metabolic patterns, where ATP depletion played a key role in the formation of the VBNC-state S. aureus. Further, by using oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling agent to adjust the initial level of ATP in S. aureus, it was found that the reduction of intracellular ATP level could accelerate the formation of VBNC state. Overall, our results preliminarily elucidated the molecular mechanism of COS inducing the VBNC-state S. aureus. It provided an important theoretical reference for further achieving effective bacterial inactivation by COS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Sai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang Y, Zhang Q, Lin Q, Sun F, Shen C, Lin H, Su X. Unveiling the PCB biodegradation potential and stress survival strategies of resuscitated strain Pseudomonas sp. HR1. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123320. [PMID: 38185359 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of resuscitated strains, facilitated by the resuscitation promoting factor (Rpf), has substantially expanded the pool of cultivated degraders, enhancing the screening of bio-inoculants for bioremediation applications. However, it remains unknown whether these resuscitated strains can re-enter the viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state and the specific stress conditions that trigger such a transition. In this work, the whole genome, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading capabilities of a resuscitated strain HR1, were investigated. Notably, the focus of this exploration was on elucidating whether HR1 would undergo a transition into the VBNC state when exposed to low temperature and PCBs, with and without the presence of heavy metals (HMs). The results suggested that the resuscitated strain Pseudomonas sp. HR1 harbored various functional genes related to xenobiotic biodegradation, demonstrating remarkable efficiency in Aroclor 1242 degradation and strong resistance against stress induced by low temperature and PCBs. Nevertheless, when exposed to the combined stress of low temperature, PCBs, and HMs, HR1 underwent a transition into the VBNC state. This transition was characterized by significant decreases in enzyme activities and notable changes in both morphological and physiological traits when compared to normal cells. Gene expression analysis revealed molecular shifts underlying the VBNC state, with down-regulated genes showed differential expression across multiple pathways and functions, including oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, translation and cytoplasm, while up-regulated genes predominantly associated with transcription regulation, membrane function, quorum sensing, and transporter activity. These findings highlighted the great potential of resuscitated strains as bio-inoculants in bioaugmentation and shed light on the survival mechanisms of functional strains under stressful conditions, which should be carefully considered during bioremediation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Qihua Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Faqian Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu C, Xu Q, Ma J, Wang S, Li J, Mao X. Ultrasonic cavitation induced Vibrio parahaemolyticus entering an apoptosis-like death process through SOS response. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106771. [PMID: 38245921 PMCID: PMC10830854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As an effective non-thermal sterilization method, ultrasound remains at the level of passive bacterial death despite the initial understanding of its sterilization mechanism. Here, we present the perspective that bacteria can choose to actively enter an apoptosis-like death state in response to external ultrasonic stress. In this study, Vibrio parahaemolyticus exhibited apoptotic markers such as phosphatidylserine ectropion and activated caspases when subjected to ultrasound stress. Additionally, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced calcium signaling were observed. Further transcriptomic analysis was conducted to investigate the regulatory mechanism of the SOS response in Vibrio parahaemolyticus during an apoptosis-like state. The results showed that the genes encoding the citrate cycle were down-regulated in Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells adapted to ultrasonic stress, leading to an apoptosis-like state and a decrease in production capacity and ability to catabolize carbon dioxide. Furthermore, the level of oxidized glutathione increased, suggesting that the bacteria were engaged in various anti-oxidative stress responses, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Moreover, the ultrasound field activated the regulatory factor CsrA, which facilitates stress survival as cells transition from rapid growth to an apoptotic state through a stringent response and catabolic inhibition system. Parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) revealed that the expression of certain key SOS proteins in Vibrio parahaemolyticus was up-regulated following ultrasound treatment, resulting in a gradual adaptation of the cells to external stress and ultimately leading to active cell death. In conclusion, the biological lethal effect of ultrasound treatment is not solely a mechanical cell necrosis process as traditionally viewed, but also a programmed cell death process regulated by cellular adaptation. This enriched the biological effect pathway of ultrasound sterilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Sai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, PR China; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Qingdao 266404, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biological Processing of Aquatic Products, China National Light Industry, Qingdao 266404, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borkar SB, Negi M, Jaiswal A, Raj Acharya T, Kaushik N, Choi EH, Kaushik NK. Plasma-generated nitric oxide water: A promising strategy to combat bacterial dormancy (VBNC state) in environmental contaminant Micrococcus luteus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132634. [PMID: 37793251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The viable but non-culturable (VBNC) is an inactive state, and certain bacteria can enter under adverse conditions. The VBNC state challenges the environment, food safety, and public health since VBNCs may resuscitate and pose a risk to human health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plasma-generated nitric oxide water (PG-NOW) on airborne contaminant Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus) and examine its potential to induce the VBNC state. The essential conditions for bacteria to enter VBNC state are low metabolic activity and rare or no culturable counts. The results indicated that PG-NOW effectively eliminates M. luteus, and the remaining bacteria are in culturable condition. Moreover, the conventional cultured-based method combined with a propidium iodide monoazide quantitative PCR (PMAxxTM-qPCR) showed no significant VBNC induction and moderate culturable counts. Results from the qPCR revealed that gene levels in PG-NOW treated bacteria related to resuscitation-promoting factors, amino acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism were notably upregulated. PG-NOW inactivated M. luteus showed negligible VBNC formation and alleviated infection ability in lung cells. This study provides new insights into the potential use of PG-NOW reactive species for the prevention and control of the VBNC state of M. luteus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta B Borkar
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Manorma Negi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Apurva Jaiswal
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Tirtha Raj Acharya
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, South Korea.
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Department of Electrical and Biological Physics/Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, He Y, Jin T, Dai C, Xu Q, Wu Z. Bactericidal effect of low-temperature atmospheric plasma against the Shigella flexneri. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:119. [PMID: 38071319 PMCID: PMC10709968 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) is a common intestinal pathogenic bacteria that mainly causes bacillary dysentery, especially in low socioeconomic countries. This study aimed to apply cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on S. flexneri directly to achieve rapid, efficient and environmentally friendly sterilization. METHODS The operating parameters of the equipment were determined by plasma diagnostics. The plate count and transmission electron microscope were employed to calculate bacterial mortality rates and observe the morphological damage of bacterial cells. Measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide anions were detected by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) and Dihydroethidium fluorescence probes, respectively. The fluorescence intensity (a. u.) reflects the relative contents. Additionally, the experiment about the single effect of temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and ROS on bacteria was conducted. RESULTS The peak discharge voltage and current during plasma operation were 3.92kV and 66mA. After discharge, the bacterial mortality rate of 10, 20, 30 and 40 s of plasma treatment was 60.71%, 74.02%, 88.11% and 98.76%, respectively. It was shown that the intracellular ROS content was proportional to the plasma treatment time and ROS was the major contributor to bacterial death. CONCLUSION In summary, our results illustrated that the plasma treatment could inactivate S. flexneri efficiently, and the ROS produced by plasma is the leading cause of bacterial mortality. This highly efficient sterilization method renders plasma a highly promising solution for hospitals, clinics, and daily life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Plasma Application Technology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tao Jin
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chenwei Dai
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Plasma Application Technology, Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maybin JA, Thompson TP, Flynn PB, Skvortsov T, Hickok NJ, Freeman TA, Gilmore BF. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma-antibiotic synergy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms is mediated via oxidative stress response. Biofilm 2023; 5:100122. [PMID: 37214348 PMCID: PMC10196807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) has emerged as a potential alternative or adjuvant to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections, including those caused by antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The potential of sub-lethal CAP exposures to synergise conventional antimicrobials for the eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms is investigated in this study. The efficacy of antimicrobials following or in the absence of sub-lethal CAP pre-treatment in P. aeruginosa biofilms was assessed. CAP pre-treatment resulted in an increase in both planktonic and biofilm antimicrobial sensitivity for all three strains tested (PAO1, PA14, and PA10548), with both minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) of individual antimicrobials, being significantly reduced following CAP pre-treatment of the biofilm (512-fold reduction with ciprofloxacin/gentamicin; and a 256-fold reduction with tobramycin). At all concentrations of antimicrobial used, the combination of sub-lethal CAP exposure and antimicrobials was effective at increasing time-to-peak metabolism, as measured by isothermal microcalorimetry, again indicating enhanced susceptibility. CAP is known to damage bacterial cell membranes and DNA by causing oxidative stress through the in situ generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). While the exact mechanism is not clear, oxidative stress on outer membrane proteins is thought to damage/perturb cell membranes, confirmed by ATP and LDH leakage, allowing antimicrobials to penetrate the bacterial cell more effectively, thus increasing bacterial susceptibility. Transcriptomic analysis, reveals that cold-plasma mediated oxidative stress caused upregulation of P. aeruginosa superoxide dismutase, cbb3 oxidases, catalases, and peroxidases, and upregulation in denitrification genes, suggesting that P. aeruginosa uses these enzymes to degrade RONS and mitigate the effects of cold plasma mediated oxidative stress. CAP treatment also led to an increased production of the signalling molecule ppGpp in P. aeruginosa, indicative of a stringent response being established. Although we did not directly measure persister cell formation, this stringent response may potentially be associated with the formation of persister cells in biofilm cultures. The production of ppGpp and polyphosphate may be associated with protein synthesis inhibition and increase efflux pump activity, factors which can result in antimicrobial tolerance. The transcriptomic analysis also showed that by 6 h post-treatment, there was downregulation in ribosome modulation factor, which is involved in the formation of persister cells, suggesting that the cells had begun to resuscitate/recover. In addition, CAP treatment at 4 h post-exposure caused downregulation of the virulence factors pyoverdine and pyocyanin; by 6 h post-exposure, virulence factor production was increasing. Transcriptomic analysis provides valuable insights into the mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa biofilms exhibits enhanced susceptibility to antimicrobials. Overall, these findings suggest, for the first time, that short CAP sub-lethal pre-treatment can be an effective strategy for enhancing the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa biofilms to antimicrobials and provides important mechanistic insights into cold plasma-antimicrobial synergy. Transcriptomic analysis of the response to, and recovery from, sub-lethal cold plasma exposures in P. aeruginosa biofilms improves our current understanding of cold plasma biofilm interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordanne-Amee Maybin
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Thomas P Thompson
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Padrig B Flynn
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Timofey Skvortsov
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Noreen J Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Theresa A Freeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Brendan F Gilmore
- Biofilm Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghasemitarei M, Ghorbi T, Yusupov M, Zhang Y, Zhao T, Shali P, Bogaerts A. Effects of Nitro-Oxidative Stress on Biomolecules: Part 1-Non-Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1371. [PMID: 37759771 PMCID: PMC10527456 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma medicine, or the biomedical application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is an expanding field within plasma research. CAP has demonstrated remarkable versatility in diverse biological applications, including cancer treatment, wound healing, microorganism inactivation, and skin disease therapy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of CAP remain incompletely understood. The therapeutic effects of CAP are largely attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which play a crucial role in the biological responses induced by CAP. Specifically, RONS produced during CAP treatment have the ability to chemically modify cell membranes and membrane proteins, causing nitro-oxidative stress, thereby leading to changes in membrane permeability and disruption of cellular processes. To gain atomic-level insights into these interactions, non-reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as a valuable tool. These simulations facilitate the examination of larger-scale system dynamics, including protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the applications of non-reactive MD simulations in studying the effects of CAP on cellular components and interactions at the atomic level, providing a detailed overview of the potential of CAP in medicine. We also review the results of other MD studies that are not related to plasma medicine but explore the effects of nitro-oxidative stress on cellular components and are therefore important for a broader understanding of the underlying processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghasemitarei
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tayebeh Ghorbi
- Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | - Maksudbek Yusupov
- School of Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent 100007, Uzbekistan
- School of Engineering, Central Asian University, Tashkent 111221, Uzbekistan
- Laboratory of Thermal Physics of Multiphase Systems, Arifov Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Yuantao Zhang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Parisa Shali
- Research Unit Plasma Technology, Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering and Agriculture, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhao F, Yang H. Metabolome shifts triggered by chlorine sanitisation induce Escherichia coli on fresh produce into the viable but nonculturable state. Food Res Int 2023; 171:113084. [PMID: 37330837 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Facing the increasing occurrence of "big six" Escherichia coli outbreaks linked to fresh produce, chlorine-based sanitisers are widely used for fresh produce decontamination in recent years. However, latest finding that chlorine may induce E. coli cells into a viable not nonculturable (VBNC) state is bringing a new challenge to the fresh produce industry. VBNC cells are undetectable by the plate count test, and yet they retain pathogenicity and are more antibiotic-resistant than culturable cells. As a result, their eradication is critical to ensure the safety of fresh produce. Understanding VBNC cells at the metabolic level may provide a breakthrough for their eradication. Therefore, this study was carried out to collect the VBNC pathogenic E. coli (O26:H11, O121:H19, and O157:H7) cells from chlorine-treated pea sprouts and characterise them using NMR-based metabolomics. From the globally increased metabolite contents detected in the VBNC E. coli cells as compared to the culturable cells, mechanisms underlying E. coli's VBNC induction were elucidated. These include rendering the energy generation scheme to become more compatible with the lowered energy needs, disaggregating protein aggregates to release amino acids for osmoprotection and later resuscitation, as well as increasing cAMP content to downregulate RpoS. These identified metabolic characteristics can inspire future development of targeted measures for VBNC E. coli cell inhibition. Our methods can also be applied to other pathogens to help lower the risk of overall foodborne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
| | - Zihui Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Fengnian Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Hongshun Yang
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang, 312000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang H, Zhang C, Han Q. Mechanisms of bacterial inhibition and tolerance around cold atmospheric plasma. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12618-w. [PMID: 37421472 PMCID: PMC10390405 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12618-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The grim situation of bacterial infection has undoubtedly become a major threat to human health. In the context of frequent use of antibiotics, a new bactericidal method is urgently needed to fight against drug-resistant bacteria caused by non-standard use of antibiotics. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is composed of a variety of bactericidal species, which has excellent bactericidal effect on microbes. However, the mechanism of interaction between CAP and bacteria is not completely clear. In this paper, we summarize the mechanisms of bacterial killing by CAP in a systematic manner, discuss the responses of bacteria to CAP treatment that are considered to be related to tolerance and their underlying mechanisms, review the recent advances in bactericidal applications of CAP finally. This review indicates that CAP inhibition and tolerance of survival bacteria are a set of closely related mechanisms and suggests that there might be other mechanisms of tolerance to survival bacteria that had not been discovered yet. In conclusion, this review shows that CAP has complex and diverse bactericidal mechanisms, and has excellent bactericidal effect on bacteria at appropriate doses. KEY POINTS: • The bactericidal mechanism of CAP is complex and diverse. • There are few resistant bacteria but tolerant bacteria during CAP treatment. • There is excellent germicidal effect when CAP in combination with other disinfectants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yao Q, Xu H, Zhuang J, Cui D, Ma R, Jiao Z. Inhibition of Fungal Growth and Aflatoxin B 1 Synthesis in Aspergillus flavus by Plasma-Activated Water. Foods 2023; 12:2490. [PMID: 37444228 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gaseous reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) generated by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) can effectively inactivate Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) and prolong the shelf-life of food. Plasma-activated water (PAW) is the extension of cold plasma sterilization technology. Without the limitation of a plasma device, PAW can be applied to more scenarios of food decontamination. However, the efficacy of PAW as a carrier of RONS for eradicating A. flavus or inhibiting its growth remains unclear. In this study, the immediate fungicidal effect and long-term inhibitory effect of PAW on A. flavus were investigated. The results demonstrated that 60-min instant-prepared PAW could achieve a 3.22 log reduction CFU/mL of A. flavus and the fungicidal efficacy of PAW gradually declined with the extension of storage time. Peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH) played a crucial role in this inactivation process, which could damage the cell wall and membrane structure, disrupt intracellular redox homeostasis, and impair mitochondrial function, ultimately leading to fungal inactivation. In addition to the fungicidal effect, PAW also exhibited fungistatic properties and inhibited the synthesis of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in A. flavus. By analyzing the cellular antioxidant capacity, energy metabolism, and key gene expression in the AFB1 synthesis pathway, it was discovered that PAW can significantly reduce ATP levels, while increasing SOD and CAT activity during 5-d cultivation. Meanwhile, PAW effectively suppressed the expression of genes related to AFB1 synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihuan Yao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hangbo Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Dongjie Cui
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ruonan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-Beam Bioengineering, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Z, Wang X, Sheng X, Zhao L, Qian J, Zhang J, Wang J. Unraveling the Antibacterial Mechanism of Plasma-Activated Lactic Acid against Pseudomonas ludensis by Untargeted Metabolomics. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081605. [PMID: 37107401 PMCID: PMC10137701 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma-activated liquid is a novel non-thermal antibacterial agent against a wide spectrum of foodborne bacteria, yet fewer studies focused on its disinfection of meat spoilage bacteria. In this study, the antibacterial properties of plasma-activated lactic acid (PALA) on Pseudomonas lundensis, isolated and identified from spoilage beef, were investigated. A plasma jet was used to treat lactic acid (0.05-0.20%) for 60-120 s. The results presented that the 0.2% LA solution treated with plasma for 120 s caused a 5.64 log reduction. Additionally, the surface morphology, membrane integrity and permeability were altered slightly and verified by scanning electron microscopy, double staining of SYTO-9 and propidium iodide, and a K+ test kit. The intracellular organization of the cells, observed by transmission electron microscopy, was damaged significantly. Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels exceeded the antioxidant ability of glutathione (GSH), leading to a reduction in the activity of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and intracellular ATP levels. Metabolomics analysis indicated that the energy and synthesis of essential components, such as DNA and amino acid-related metabolic pathways, were disturbed. In conclusion, this research established a theoretical basis for the use of PALA in refrigerated beef preservation by shedding light on the bacteriostatic effect of PALA against Pseudomonas lundensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Wang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- College (School) of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xiaowei Sheng
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Luling Zhao
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Qian
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianhao Zhang
- National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ding H, Wang T, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Wei J, Cai R, Guo C, Yuan Y, Yue T. Role and Mechanism of Cold Plasma in Inactivating Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris in Apple Juice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071531. [PMID: 37048353 PMCID: PMC10094426 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A. acidoterrestris has been identified as the target bacterium in fruit juice production due to its high resistance to standard heat treatment. Multiple studies have shown that cold plasma can effectively inactivate pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in juices. However, we are aware of only a few studies that have used cold plasma to inactivate A. acidoterrestris. In this study, the inactivation efficacy of cold plasma was determined using the plate count method and described using a biphasic model. The effects of the food matrix, input power, gas flow rate, and treatment time on inactivation efficacy were also discovered. Scavenging experiments with reactive oxygen species (•OH, •O2−, and 1O2), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectra, as well as an in vitro toxicology assay kit, were used to determine the inactivation mechanism. According to the plate count method, a maximum reduction of 4.14 log CFU/ mL could be achieved within 7 s, and complete inactivation could be achieved within 240 s. The scavenging experiments showed that directly cold plasma-produced singlet oxygen plays the most crucial role in inactivation, which was also confirmed by the fluorescence probe SOSG. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectra showed that the cold plasma treatment damaged the membrane integrity, DNA, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of A. acidoterrestris. The plate count results and the apple juice quality evaluation showed that the cold plasma treatment (1.32 kV) could inactivate 99% of A. acidoterrestris within 60 s, with no significant changes happening in apple juice quality, except for slight changes in the polyphenol content and color value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ding
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Jianping Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Rui Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chunfeng Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-Products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang Z, Qi Z, Liu C. Evaluation of the disinfection effect and mechanism of SO 4•- and HO • UV/persulfate salts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52380-52389. [PMID: 36840873 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although ultraviolet (UV) and persulfate (PS) have been widely used in water disinfection process, their incompleteness of disinfection, such as inducing the production of viable but non-culturable cells (VBNC), has attracted extensive attention. In this study, the disinfection effect of combined UV and PS was evaluated, and the roles of SO4•- and HO• radicals in UV/PS disinfection were also analyzed. UV/PS more effectively inactivated cells and reduced the number of culturable cells. Also, the test of bacterial dark activation suggested that UV/PS disinfection inhibited the recovery of VBNC bacteria. The mechanisms of UV/PS disinfection were the increase of membrane permeability and oxidative stress, where SO4•- radicals played more role than HO• radicals. Furthermore, UV/PS disinfection more significantly perturbed the metabolism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p < 0.05), mainly involving glyoxylate and dicarboxylic acid metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and citric acid cycle (TCA cycle). In short, UV/PS disinfection can not only significantly reduce the number of culturable bacteria (kill bacteria) but also inhibits the recovery of VBNC bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaihui Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Pollutant Prevention, Shandong Key Laboratory of Environmental Processes and Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effect of preliminary stresses on the induction of viable but non-culturable Escherichia coli O157:H7 NCTC 12900 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112710. [PMID: 37087272 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
As a novel non-thermal pasteurization technology, high pressure carbon dioxide (HPCD) has been used in food processing. However, it could induce microorganisms into a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, posing a potential risk to food safety and public health. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effect of various preliminary stresses including cold, heat, osmosis, acidity and oxidation on HPCD-induced VBNC formation. The results indicated that there was no effect of preliminary stresses on VBNC Staphylococcus aureus induction. However, heat, acidity and long-term (24 h) cultivation preadaptation could significantly increase the VBNC E. coli production induced by HPCD. Transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in ATP production were significantly decreased in these three stress-treated cells, and further ATP levels determination revealed that the ATP levels of the cell were significantly decreased after heat, acidity and long-term cultivation preadaptation, implying the decrease of ATP level caused by these stresses might be the reason for increasing VBNC production. To further study the relationship between ATP level and VBNC cell ratios after preadaptation. We artificially decreased the ATP levels, and detect their VBNC ratios after HPCD treatment. We found that with the ATP concentration decreasing after exposure to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazine (CCCP), the VBNC ratios were increased after HPCD treatment, indicating that the ATP contents were highly negatively correlated with VBNC ratios. This study proved that the preadaptation of heat, acidity and long-term cultivation could promote VBNC induction by decreasing the intracellular ATP level. In general, the obtained result gave the instruction about the storage environment for food materials, helped to further develop and optimize the HPCD processing to prevent VBNC formation and accelerate the development of HPCD technology in food industry.
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou X, Wang J, Mei Y, Ge L, Qian J, Huang Y, Yang M, Li H, Wang Y, Yan Z, Peng D, Zhang J, Zhao N. Antibiofilm mechanism of dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma against Pichia manshurica. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
|
20
|
Zhang Y, Liao X, Feng J, Liu D, Chen S, Ding T. Induction of viable but nonculturable Salmonella spp. in liquid eggs by mild heat and subsequent resuscitation. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
21
|
Mishra S, Saito K. Clinically encountered growth phenotypes of tuberculosis-causing bacilli and their in vitro study: A review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1029111. [PMID: 36439231 PMCID: PMC9684195 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) vary widely in severity, site of infection, and outcomes of treatment-leading to simultaneous efforts to individualize therapy safely and to search for shorter regimens that can be successfully used across the clinical spectrum. In these endeavors, clinicians and researchers alike employ mycobacterial culture in rich media. However, even within the same patient, individual bacilli among the population can exhibit substantial variability in their culturability. Bacilli in vitro also demonstrate substantial heterogeneity in replication rate and cultivation requirements, as well as susceptibility to killing by antimicrobials. Understanding parallels in clinical, ex vivo and in vitro growth phenotype diversity may be key to identifying those phenotypes responsible for treatment failure, relapse, and the reactivation of bacilli that progresses TB infection to disease. This review briefly summarizes the current role of mycobacterial culture in the care of patients with TB and the ex vivo evidence of variability in TB culturability. We then discuss current advances in in vitro models that study heterogenous subpopulations within a genetically identical bulk culture, with an emphasis on the effect of oxidative stress on bacillary cultivation requirements. The review highlights the complexity that heterogeneity in mycobacterial growth brings to the interpretation of culture in clinical settings and research. It also underscores the intricacies present in the interplay between growth phenotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility. Better understanding of population dynamics and growth requirements over time and space promises to aid both the attempts to individualize TB treatment and to find uniformly effective therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kohta Saito
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fallon M, Kennedy S, Daniels S, Humphreys H. Technologies to decontaminate bacterial biofilm on hospital surfaces: a potential new role for cold plasma? J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 36201343 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major challenge and the near patient surface is important in harbouring causes such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile. Current approaches to decontamination are sub-optimal and many studies have demonstrated that microbial causes of HCAIs may persist with onward transmission. This may be due to the capacity of these microbes to survive in biofilms on surfaces. New technologies to enhance hospital decontamination may have a role in addressing this challenge. We have reviewed current technologies such as UV light and hydrogen peroxide and also assessed the potential use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) in surface decontamination. The antimicrobial mechanisms of CAPP are not fully understood but the production of reactive oxygen and other species is believed to be important. CAPP systems have been shown to partially or completely remove a variety of biofilms including those caused by Candida albicans, and multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as MRSA. There are some studies that suggest promise for CAPP in the challenge of surface decontamination in the healthcare setting. However, further work is required to define better the mechanism of action. We need to know what surfaces are most amenable to treatment, how microbial components and the maturity of biofilms may affect successful treatment, and how would CAPP be used in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muireann Fallon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Kennedy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Daniels
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hilary Humphreys
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Microbiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kazemzadeh P, Khorram S, Mahmoudzadeh M, Ehsani A. Effect of atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) on chlorine adapted Salmonella enterica on spring onion. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1307-1318. [PMID: 35930630 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main drawbacks of chlorine disinfectants is the emergence of chlorine adapted (CA) or resistant microbial cells. This research aimed to investigate the effect of chlorine adaptation on resistance of Salmonella enterica upon atmospheric cold plasma (ACP) application at different voltages (6, 8, and 11 kV) and times (5, 10, and 15 min). Due to higher conversion efficiency and reduced dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) power consumption, this method was used for cold plasma generation in this study. A higher lethality effect was observed from a higher voltage and longest times (11 kV-15 min) on CA S. enterica than non-CA (p<0.05). Still, it induced higher percentages of injured cells in CA (58.77%) than non-CA (0.61%) (p<0.05). The highest ACP effect on the inactivation of the indigenous natural flora of onion leaves was observed at the lowest voltage (p<0.05). More than 3 log CFU/g reduction (p<0.05) was observed at 6 kV after 5 and 10 min. ACP reduced CA and non-CA S. enterica cells on onion leaf surface to a lower extent than pure treated cells in broth media. Nevertheless similar to broth media, a high percentage of injury (61.03%) was induced on CA cells at higher voltage (11 kV-10 min) compared to non-CA (2.15%) (p<0.05). Biofilm results revealed ACP application (6 kV-5 min) reduced average ODs in CA and non-CA cells (p<0.05). Chlorine adaptation and ACP treatment influenced the antibiotic resistance pattern according to applied voltage, time, and antibiotic type. The finding showed despite highest lethality of high voltages and long times (11 kV-15 min), given the high percentages of injured cells, lower voltages may offer acceptable inactivation of pathogenic bacteria with lower injury induction. In conclusion, ACP has the potential ability to eliminate CA cells of S. enterica, which is predominant in fresh-cut vegetable outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Kazemzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sirous Khorram
- Physics Faculty, University of Tabriz, 51666-, 16471, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Institute for Applied Physics and Astronomy, Applied and Industrial Plasma Lab., University of Tabriz, 51666-, 16471, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahmoudzadeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ehsani
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Degradation of Bacterial Antibiotic Resistance Genes during Exposure to Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060747. [PMID: 35740152 PMCID: PMC9219888 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a major public health problem in recent years. The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment, especially in wastewater treatment plants, has contributed to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Despite the potential of some conventional processes used in wastewater treatment plants, the removal of ARB and ARGs remains a challenge that requires further research and development of new technologies to avoid the release of emerging contaminants into aquatic environments. Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas (NTAPPs) have gained a significant amount of interest for wastewater treatment due to their oxidizing potential. They have shown their effectiveness in the inactivation of a wide range of bacteria in several fields. In this review, we discuss the application of NTAPPs for the degradation of antibiotic resistance genes in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Qi Z, Huang Z, Liu C. Metabolism differences of biofilm and planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa in viable but nonculturable state induced by chlorine stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153374. [PMID: 35093368 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
More than 95% of the bacteria in environment are viable but nonculturable (VBNC). However, it is difficult to elucidate directly the metabolic characteristics of these VBNC bacteria and the differences between biofilm-VBNC bacteria and planktonic-VBNC bacteria. In this study, VBNC P. aeruginosa induced by chlorine was used to clarify the metabolism characteristics and mechanism of differential metabolism between biofilm-VBNC bacteria and planktonic-VBNC bacteria. Results showed that P. aeruginosa in biofilm state was more likely to enter VBNC state. The mechanisms of differential metabolism were involved in the difference of reactive oxygen species production owing to the protection of extracellular polymers. 15N and 2H labeled single-cell Raman spectra directly proved that VBNC state bacteria still maintained low material and energy metabolism, and the metabolic activity of biofilm-VBNC P. aeruginosa was lower than that of planktonic-VBNC P. aeruginosa. GC-MS/MS analysis showed 51 metabolites with significant differences. KEGG analysis showed that the types and contents of extracellular metabolites from P. aeruginosa in VBNC states were significantly lower than those in the culturable state (p < 0.05), mainly involving in citrate cycle, glutathione metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and fatty acid degradation. Also, the contents of most extracellular metabolites from P. aeruginosa in biofilm-VBNC state were lower than those in VBNC planktonic state. The significant differences (p < 0.05) were mainly involved in alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, D-Alanine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. The result of this research was favorable to the accurate identification of VBNC bacteria, the health risk assessment and scientific control of harmful VBNC bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Zaihui Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Chunguang Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health of Shandong Province, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Meng L, Ma J, Liu C, Mao X, Li J. The microbial stress responses of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus induced by chitooligosaccharide. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 287:119325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
27
|
Zhu L, Shuai X, Xu L, Sun Y, Lin Z, Zhou Z, Meng L, Chen H. Mechanisms underlying the effect of chlorination and UV disinfection on VBNC state Escherichia coli isolated from hospital wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127228. [PMID: 34547689 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria in the wastewater system poses a huge threat to environmental and public health, in particular in hospital wastewater treatment system (HWTS). HWTS-oriented studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of chlorination and UV disinfection using indigenous bacteria. Results revealed that the VBNC Escherichia coli and ARGs remained persistent even at high chlorination (12 mg/L for 2.5 h) and UV doses (1000 mJ/cm2). The molecular mechanisms underlying chlorination-/UV-induced VBNC state in E. coli were explored through the transcriptomics and results suggested that most energy-dependent physiological activities (e.g., metabolism) have been suppressed in VBNC E. coli, while the pathogenicity-related genes varied insignificantly compared to the culturable cells, indicating that the VBNC E. coli could potentially display pathogenicity. Further Galleria mellonella model experiment has confirmed that although the disinfection-induced VBNC state made cells less infectious, these cells could regain their pathogenicity after resuscitation. This in vitro study can be used as a reference for studies on infections from VBNC bacteria and highlights the health risk due to VBNC pathogens in hospital effluents. There is a need to develop effluent standards specifically for healthcare facilities, and a stricter downstream disinfection strategy should be considered for the removal of VBNC cells and ARGs in the effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyi Shuai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Like Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Yujie Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zejun Lin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingxuan Meng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences; Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiao Y, Wang Z, Sun W, Luan Y, Piao M, Deng Y. Characterization and formation mechanisms of viable, but putatively non-culturable brewer's yeast induced by isomerized hop extract. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
29
|
Katsigiannis AS, Bayliss DL, Walsh JL. Cold plasma for the disinfection of industrial food‐contact surfaces: An overview of current status and opportunities. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1086-1124. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny L. Bayliss
- Processing & Production Research Department Campden BRI Gloucestershire UK
| | - James L. Walsh
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saito K, Mishra S, Warrier T, Cicchetti N, Mi J, Weber E, Jiang X, Roberts J, Gouzy A, Kaplan E, Brown CD, Gold B, Nathan C. Oxidative damage and delayed replication allow viable Mycobacterium tuberculosis to go undetected. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabg2612. [PMID: 34818059 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abg2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Saito
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Thulasi Warrier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Nico Cicchetti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jianjie Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Elaina Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Xiuju Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Julia Roberts
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Alexandre Gouzy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ellen Kaplan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Ben Gold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Carl Nathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Oliveira MC, Yusupov M, Cordeiro RM, Bogaerts A. Unraveling the permeation of reactive species across nitrated membranes by computer simulations. Comput Biol Med 2021; 136:104768. [PMID: 34426173 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are involved in many biochemical processes, including nitro-oxidative stress that causes cancer cell death, observed in cancer therapies such as photodynamic therapy and cold atmospheric plasma. However, their mechanisms of action and selectivity still remain elusive due to the complexity of biological cells. For example, it is not well known how RONS generated by cancer therapies permeate the cell membrane to cause nitro-oxidative damage. There are many studies dedicated to the permeation of RONS across native and oxidized membranes, but not across nitrated membranes, another lipid product also generated during nitro-oxidative stress. Herein, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to calculate the free energy barrier of RONS permeation across nitrated membranes. Our results show that hydrophilic RONS, such as hydroperoxyl radical (HO2) and peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), have relatively low barriers compared to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical (HO), and are more prone to permeate the membrane than for the native or peroxidized membranes, and similar to aldehyde-oxidized membranes. Hydrophobic RONS like molecular oxygen (O2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitric oxide (NO) even have insignificant barriers for permeation. Compared to native and peroxidized membranes, nitrated membranes are more permeable, suggesting that we must not only consider oxidized membranes during nitro-oxidative stress, but also nitrated membranes, and their role in cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Oliveira
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Maksudbek Yusupov
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Thermal Physics of Multiphase Systems, Arifov Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Durmon yuli str. 33, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Rodrigo M Cordeiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maertens L, Matroule JY, Van Houdt R. Characteristics of the copper-induced viable-but-non-culturable state in bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:37. [PMID: 33544256 PMCID: PMC7864824 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial applications of copper (Cu) are exploited in several industries, such as agriculture and healthcare settings. While Cu is capable of efficiently killing microorganisms, sub-lethal doses can induce a viable-but-non-culturable (VBNC) state in bacteria of many distinct clades. VBNC cells cannot be detected by standard culture-based detection methods, and can become a threat to plants and animals as they often retain virulent traits upon resuscitation. Here we discuss the putative mechanisms of the Cu-induced VBNC state. Common observations in Cu-induced VBNC cells include a cellular response to reactive oxygen species, the exhaustion of energy reserves, and a reconfiguration of the proteome. While showing partial overlap with other VBNC state-inducing stressors, these changes seem to be part of an adaptive response to Cu toxicity. Furthermore, we argue that Cu resistance mechanisms such as P-type ATPases and multicopper oxidases may ward off entry into the VBNC state to some extent. The spread of these mechanisms across multi-species populations could increase population-level resistance to Cu antimicrobials. As Cu resistance mechanisms are often co-selected with antibiotic resistance mechanisms, this threat is exacerbated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Maertens
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Jean-Yves Matroule
- Research Unit in Microorganisms Biology (URBM), Narilis Institute, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Microbiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
How to Evaluate Non-Growing Cells-Current Strategies for Determining Antimicrobial Resistance of VBNC Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020115. [PMID: 33530321 PMCID: PMC7912045 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to the achievements in sanitation, hygiene practices, and antibiotics, we have considerably improved in our ongoing battle against pathogenic bacteria. However, with our increasing knowledge about the complex bacterial lifestyles and cycles and their plethora of defense mechanisms, it is clear that the fight is far from over. One of these resistance mechanisms that has received increasing attention is the ability to enter a dormancy state termed viable but non-culturable (VBNC). Bacteria that enter the VBNC state, either through unfavorable environmental conditions or through potentially lethal stress, lose their ability to grow on standard enrichment media, but show a drastically increased tolerance against antimicrobials including antibiotics. The inability to utilize traditional culture-based methods represents a considerable experimental hurdle to investigate their increased antimicrobial resistance and impedes the development and evaluation of effective treatments or interventions against bacteria in the VBNC state. Although experimental approaches were developed to detect and quantify VBNCs, only a few have been utilized for antimicrobial resistance screening and this review aims to provide an overview of possible methodological approaches.
Collapse
|
34
|
Plasma-activated interfaces for biomedical engineering. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2134-2143. [PMID: 33511312 PMCID: PMC7810626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important phenomenon to monitor disease development, cell signaling usually takes place at the interface between organisms/cells or between organisms/cells and abiotic materials. Therefore, finding a strategy to build the specific biomedical interfaces will help regulate information transmission and produce better therapeutic results to benefit patients. In the past decades, plasmas containing energetic and active species have been employed to construct various interfaces to meet biomedical demands such as bacteria inactivation, tissue regeneration, cancer therapy, and so on. Based on the potent functions of plasma modified surfaces, this mini-review is aimed to summarize the state-of-art plasma-activated interfaces and provide guidance to researchers to select the proper plasma and processing conditions to design and prepare interfaces with the optimal biological and related functions. After a brief introduction, plasma-activated interfaces are described and categorized according to different criteria including direct plasma-cells interfaces and indirect plasma-material-cells interfaces and recent research activities on the application of plasma-activated interfaces are described. The authors hope that this mini-review will spur interdisciplinary research efforts in this important area and expedite associated clinical applications. The Interfaces between organisms/cells and abiotic materials are crucial for cell signaling. Plasmas containing energetic and active species are potent tool to construct biomedical interfaces. The objective here is to summarize recent plasma-activated interfaces to spur interdisciplinary efforts for clinical applications.
Collapse
|
35
|
Stress Resistance and Pathogenicity of Nonthermal-Plasma-Induced Viable-but-Nonculturable Staphylococcus aureus through Energy Suppression, Oxidative Stress Defense, and Immune-Escape Mechanisms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.02380-20. [PMID: 33097509 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02380-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria poses a potential risk to food safety due to failure in conventional colony detection. In this study, induction of VBNC Staphylococcus aureus was conducted by exposure to an atmospheric-pressure air dielectric barrier discharge-nonthermal-plasma (DBD-NTP) treatment with an applied energy of 8.1 kJ. The stress resistance profiles and pathogenicity of VBNC S. aureus were further evaluated. We found that VBNC S. aureus showed levels of tolerance of heat, acid, and osmosis challenges comparable to those shown by culturable S. aureus, while VBNC S. aureus exhibited enhanced resistance to oxidative and antibiotic stress, relating to the mechanisms of cellular energy depletion, antioxidant response initiation, and multidrug efflux pump upregulation. Regarding pathogenicity, NTP-induced VBNC S. aureus retained the capacity to infect the HeLa host cells. Compared with the culturable counterparts, VBNC S. aureus caused reduced immune responses (Toll-like receptor [TLR], nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]) in HeLa cells, which was attributed to suppression of biosynthesis of the recognized surface ligands (e.g., peptidoglycan). Additionally, the proteomic analysis revealed that upregulation of several virulence factors (ClfB, SdrD, SCIN, SasH, etc.) could ensure that VBNC S. aureus would adhere to and internalize into host cells and avoid the host attack. The camouflaged mechanisms described above led to VBNC S. aureus causing less damage to the host cells, and their activity might result in longer intracellular persistence, posing potential risks during NTP processing.IMPORTANCE The consumer demand for freshness and nutrition has accelerated the development of mild decontamination technologies. The incomplete killing of nonthermal (NT) treatments might induce pathogens to enter into a viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) status as a survival strategy. The use of nonthermal plasma (NTP) as a novel food decontamination technology received increased attention in food industry during recent decades. Our previous work confirmed that the foodborne pathogen S. aureus was induced into VBNC status in response to NTP exposure. This work further revealed the development of stress resistance and virulence retention of NTP-induced VBNC S. aureus through the mechanisms of energy suppression, oxidative stress defense, and immune escape. The data provide fundamental knowledge of the potential risks posed by NTP-induced VBNC S. aureus, which require further parameter optimization of the NTP process or combination with other techniques to avoid the occurrence of VBNC bacteria.
Collapse
|
36
|
Rao Y, Shang W, Yang Y, Zhou R, Rao X. Fighting Mixed-Species Microbial Biofilms With Cold Atmospheric Plasma. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1000. [PMID: 32508796 PMCID: PMC7251026 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Most biofilms in nature are formed by multiple microbial species, and such mixed-species biofilms represent the actual lifestyles of microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses (phages), and/or protozoa. Microorganisms cooperate and compete in mixed-species biofilms. Mixed-species biofilm formation and environmental resistance are major threats to water supply, food industry, and human health. The methods commonly used for microbial eradication, such as antibiotic or disinfectant treatments, are often ineffective for mixed-species biofilm consortia due to their physical matrix barrier and physiological interactions. For the last decade, an increasing number of investigations have been devoted to the usage of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), which is produced by dielectric barrier discharges or plasma jets to prevent or eliminate microbial biofilms. Here, we summarized the production of CAP, the inactivation of microorganisms upon CAP treatment, and the microbial factors affecting the efficacy of CAP procedure. The applications of CAP as antibiotic alternative strategies for fighting mixed-species biofilms were also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renjie Zhou
- Department of Emergency, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liao X, Cullen PJ, Muhammad AI, Jiang Z, Ye X, Liu D, Ding T. Cold Plasma–Based Hurdle Interventions: New Strategies for Improving Food Safety. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-020-09222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|