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Li X, Zhang X, Zhang M, Luo X, Zhang T, Liu X, Lu R, Zhang Y. Environmental magnesium ion affects global gene expression, motility, biofilm formation and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Biofilm 2024; 7:100194. [PMID: 38577556 PMCID: PMC10990858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is widely distributed in marine ecosystems. Magnesium ion (Mg2+) is the second most abundant metal cation in seawater, and plays important roles in the growth and gene expression of V. parahaemolyticus, but lacks the detailed mechanisms. In this study, the RNA sequencing data demonstrated that a total of 1494 genes was significantly regulated by Mg2+. The majority of the genes associated with lateral flagella, exopolysaccharide, type III secretion system 2, type VI secretion system (T6SS) 1, T6SS2, and thermostable direct hemolysin were downregulated. A total of 18 genes that may be involved in c-di-GMP metabolism and more than 80 genes encoding putative regulators were also significantly and differentially expressed in response to Mg2+, indicating that the adaptation process to Mg2+ stress may be strictly regulated by complex regulatory networks. In addition, Mg2+ promoted the proliferative speed, swimming motility and cell adhesion of V. parahaemolyticus, but inhibited the swarming motility, biofilm formation, and c-di-GMP production. However, Mg2+ had no effect on the production of capsular polysaccharide and cytoxicity against HeLa cells. Therefore, Mg2+ had a comprehensive impact on the physiology and gene expression of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaobai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianjin Liu
- Department of Infection, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
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Li X, Chang J, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Lu R. The effect of environmental calcium on gene expression, biofilm formation and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1340429. [PMID: 38881663 PMCID: PMC11176486 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1340429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) can regulate the swarming motility and virulence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus BB22. However, the effects of Ca2+ on the physiology of V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633, whose genomic composition is quite different with that of BB22, have not been investigated. In this study, the results of phenotypic assays showed that the biofilm formation, c-di-GMP production, swimming motility, zebrafish survival rate, cytoxicity against HeLa cells, and adherence activity to HeLa cells of V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633 were significantly enhanced by Ca2+. However, Ca2+ had no effect on the growth, swarming motility, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) phase variation and hemolytic activity. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assay disclosed 459 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to Ca2+, including biofilm formation-associated genes and those encode virulence factors and putative regulators. DEGs involved in polar flagellum and T3SS1 were upregulated, whereas majority of those involved in regulatory functions and c-di-GMP metabolism were downregulated. The work helps us understand how Ca2+ affects the behavior and gene expression of V. parahaemolyticus RIMD2210633.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Jingyang Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yining Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, China
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Tao R, Wang Y, Zhang N, Zhang L, Khan MS, Xu H, Zhao J, Qi Z, Chen Y, Lu Y, Wang K, Wang Y, Jiang J. Bioactive chitosan-citral Schiff base zinc complex: A pH-responsive platform for potential therapeutic applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129857. [PMID: 38307438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The application of CO2 supercritical fluid (SCF) technology has developed rapidly because of its non-toxic, environmentally friendly, mild reaction conditions and safety. The SCF technology can effectively speed up the reaction process of nano-material synthesis, and maintains a high degree of controllability and repeatability. This study mainly included carboxymethyl chitosan sodium salt (CCS), citral (CT), p-coumaric acid (CA), and ZnSO4 as raw materials to prepare CCS-CT-CA-Zn complex as a pH-responsive agent and was investigated using supercritical fluid technique. The coordination structure of Bridge-CCS-CT-CH3COO-CA-Zn-Schiff base/OH and the morphology of the complex agents were verified. The prepared CCS-CT-CA-Zn complex showed good dispersion and uniformity (mean size: 852 ± 202 nm, PdI: 0.301, and mean zeta potential: -31 ± 6 mV). Also, it has a good pH responsive release in an acid environment. Besides, both of CCS-CT-CA-Zn complex (DS-B) and its decomposed mixture in acid (DS-A) demonstrated significant antioxidant and anti-vibrio activity. Moreover, both DS-B complex and DS-A mixture inhibited biofilm formation, swimming, and swarming motilities of V. parahaemolyticus in a dose-dependent manner. This work will provide a scientific basis for the further design and development of natural products derived antibacterial-antioxidant complex agents, food additives and feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinjuan Wang
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhiwen Qi
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Yangdong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100091, PR China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China.
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Chakrapani S, Panigrahi A, Palanichamy E, Thangaraj SK, Radhakrishnan N, Panigrahi P, Nagarathnam R. Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficiency of Stylicin against Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection in Shrimp Penaeus vannamei through Comparative Proteomic Approach. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:76-92. [PMID: 36459385 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-10006-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The shrimp immune system defends and protects against infection by its naturally expressing antimicrobial peptides. Stylicin is a proline-rich anionic antimicrobial peptide (AMP) that exhibits potent antimicrobial activity. In this study, stylicin gene was isolated from Penaeus vannamei, cloned into vector pET-28a ( +), and overexpressed in Escherichia coli SHuffle T7 cells. The protein was purified and tested for its antibiofilm activity against shrimp pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. It was resulted that the recombinant stylicin significantly reduced the biofilm formation of V. parahaemolyticus at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 200 µg. Cell aggregation was observed by using scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and it was resulted that stylicin administration significantly affects the cell structure and biofilm density of V. parahaemolyticus. In addition, real-time PCR confirmed the downregulation (p < 0.05) of genes responsible for growth and colonization. The efficacy of stylicin was tested by injecting it into shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and 7 days after infection, stylicin-treated animals recovered and survived better in both treatments (T2-100 µg stylicin, - 68.8%; T1-50 µg stylicin, 60%) than in control (7%) (p < 0.01). Comparative proteomic and mass spectrometry analysis of shrimp hemolymph resulted that the expressed proteins were involved in cell cycle, signal transduction, immune pathways, and stress-related proteins representing infection and recovery, and were significantly different in the stylicin-treated groups. The result of this study suggests that the stylicin can naturally boost immunity and can be used as a choice for treating V. parahaemolyticus infections in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chakrapani
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Akshaya Panigrahi
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India.
| | - Esakkiraj Palanichamy
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Thangaraj
- Aquatic Animal Health & Environment Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Naveenkumar Radhakrishnan
- Crustacean Culture Division, ICAR - Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, 75, Santhome High Road, R. A. Puram, Chennai, 600028, India
| | - Puspamitra Panigrahi
- Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence (CENCON), Hindustan Institute of Technology & Science, Rajiv Gandhi Salai (OMR), Padur, Kelambakkam, Chennai, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zheng C, Zhai Y, Qiu J, Wang M, Xu Z, Chen X, Zhou X, Jiao X. ZntA maintains zinc and cadmium homeostasis and promotes oxidative stress resistance and virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2327377. [PMID: 38466137 PMCID: PMC10936601 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2327377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although metals are essential for life, they are toxic to bacteria in excessive amounts. Therefore, the maintenance of metal homeostasis is critical for bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant food-borne pathogen that mainly causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. Herein, we report that ZntA functions as a zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) homeostasis mechanism and contributes to oxidative stress resistance and virulence in V. parahaemolyticus. zntA is remarkably induced by Zn, copper, cobalt, nickel (Ni), and Cd, while ZntA promotes V. parahaemolyticus growth under excess Zn/Ni and Cd conditions via maintaining Zn and Cd homeostasis, respectively. The growth of ΔzntA was inhibited under iron (Fe)-restricted conditions, and the inhibition was associated with Zn homeostasis disturbance. Ferrous iron supplementation improved the growth of ΔzntA under excess Zn, Ni or Cd conditions. The resistance of ΔzntA to H2O2-induced oxidative stress also decreased, and its virulence was attenuated in zebrafish models. Quantitative real-time PCR, mutagenesis, and β-galactosidase activity assays revealed that ZntR positively regulates zntA expression by binding to its promoter. Collectively, the ZntR-regulated ZntA is crucial for Zn and Cd homeostasis and contributes to oxidative stress resistance and virulence in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengkun Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yimeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengxian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agri-food Safety and Quality, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang T, Qiu Y, Zhang M, Lu X, Yang W, Hu L, Zhou D, Gao B, Lu R. Transcriptomic Profiles of Vibrio parahaemolyticus During Biofilm Formation. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:371. [PMID: 37838636 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the leading cause of bacterial seafood-associated gastroenteritis, can form biofilms. In this work, the gene expression profiles of V. parahaemolyticus during biofilm formation were investigated by transcriptome sequencing. A total of 183, 503, and 729 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the bacterial cells at 12, 24 and 48 h, respectively, compared with that at 6 h. Of these, 92 genes were consistently activated or repressed from 6 to 48 h. The genes involved in polar flagellum, chemotaxis, mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin type IV pili, capsular polysaccharide, type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1), T3SS2, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH), type VI secretion system 1 (T6SS1) and T6SS2 were downregulated, whereas those involved in V. parahaemolyticus pathogenicity island (Vp-PAI) (except for T3SS2 and TDH) and membrane fusion proteins were upregulated. Three extracellular protease genes (vppC, prtA and VPA1071) and a dozen of outer membrane protein encoding genes were also significantly differentially expressed during biofilm formation. In addition, five putative c-di-GMP metabolism-associated genes were significantly differentially expressed, which may account for the drop in c-di-GMP levels after the beginning of biofilm formation. Moreover, many putative regulatory genes were significantly differentially expressed, and more than 1000 putative small non-coding RNAs were detected, suggesting that biofilm formation was tightly regulated by complex regulatory networks. The data provided a global view of gene expression profiles during biofilm formation, showing that the significantly differentially expressed genes were involved in multiple cellular pathways, including virulence, biofilm formation, metabolism, and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Bo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, 226006, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang M, Luo X, Li X, Zhang T, Wu F, Li M, Lu R, Zhang Y. L-arabinose affects the growth, biofilm formation, motility, c-di-GMP metabolism, and global gene expression of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0010023. [PMID: 37655915 PMCID: PMC10521368 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00100-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-arabinose inducible pBAD vectors are commonly used to turn on and off the expression of specific genes in bacteria. The utilization of certain carbohydrates can influence bacterial growth, virulence factor production, and biofilm formation. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of seafood-associated gastroenteritis, can grow in media with L-arabinose as the sole carbon source. However, the effects of L-arabinose on V. parahaemolyticus physiology have not been investigated. In this study, we show that the growth rate, biofilm formation capacity, capsular polysaccharide production, motility, and c-di-GMP production of V. parahaemolyticus are negatively affected by L-arabinose. RNA-seq data revealed significant changes in the expression levels of 752 genes, accounting for approximately 15.6% of V. parahaemolyticus genes in the presence of L-arabinose. The affected genes included those associated with L-arabinose utilization, major virulence genes, known key biofilm-related genes, and numerous regulatory genes. In the majority of type III secretion system, two genes were upregulated in the presence of L-arabinose, whereas in those of type VI secretion system, two genes were downregulated. Ten putative c-di-GMP metabolism-associated genes were also significantly differentially expressed, which may account for the reduced c-di-GMP levels in the presence of L-arabinose. Most importantly, almost 40 putative regulators were significantly differentially expressed due to the induction by L-arabinose, indicating that the utilization of L-arabinose is strictly regulated by regulatory networks in V. parahaemolyticus. The findings increase the understanding of how L-arabinose affects the physiology of V. parahaemolyticus. Researchers should use caution when considering the use of L-arabinose inducible pBAD vectors in V. parahaemolyticus. IMPORTANCE The data in this study show that L-arabinose negatively affects the growth rate, biofilm formation, capsular polysaccharide production, motility, and c-di-GMP production of V. parahaemolyticus. The data also clarify the gene expression profiles of the bacterium in the presence of L-arabinose. Significantly differentially expressed genes in response to L-arabinose were involved in multiple cellular pathways, including L-arabinose utilization, virulence factor production, biofilm formation, motility, adaptation, and regulation. The collective findings indicate the significant impact of L-arabinose on the physiology of V. parahaemolyticus. There may be similar effects on other species of bacteria. Necessary controls should be established when pBAD vectors must be used for ectopic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Zhang M, Cai L, Luo X, Li X, Zhang T, Wu F, Zhang Y, Lu R. Effect of sublethal dose of chloramphenicol on biofilm formation and virulence in Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1275441. [PMID: 37822746 PMCID: PMC10562556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1275441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates are generally very sensitive to chloramphenicol. However, it is usually necessary to transfer a plasmid carrying a chloramphenicol resistance gene into V. parahaemolyticus to investigate the function of a specific gene, and the effects of chloramphenicol on bacterial physiology have not been investigated. In this work, the effects of sublethal dose of chloramphenicol on V. parahaemolyticus were investigated by combined utilization of various phenotypic assays and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed that the growth rate, biofilm formation capcity, c-di-GMP synthesis, motility, cytoxicity and adherence activity of V. parahaemolyticus were remarkably downregulated by the sublethal dose of chloramphenicol. The RNA-seq data revealed that the expression levels of 650 genes were significantly differentially expressed in the response to chloramphenicol stress, including antibiotic resistance genes, major virulence genes, biofilm-associated genes and putative regulatory genes. Majority of genes involved in the synthesis of polar flagellum, exopolysaccharide (EPS), mannose-sensitive haemagglutinin type IV pilus (MSHA), type III secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2) and type VI secretion system 2 (T6SS2) were downregulated by the sublethal dose of chloramphenicol. Five putative c-di-GMP metabolism genes were significantly differentially expressed, which may be the reason for the decrease in intracellular c-di-GMP levels in the response of chloramphenicol stress. In addition, 23 genes encoding putative regulators were also significantly differentially expressed, suggesting that these regulators may be involved in the resistance of V. parahaemolyticus to chloramphenicol stress. This work helps us to understand how chloramphenicol effect on the physiology of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liyan Cai
- Physical Examination Center, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Meng YY, Peng JH, Qian J, Fei FL, Guo YY, Pan YJ, Zhao Y, Liu HQ. The two-component system expression patterns and immune regulatory mechanism of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with different genotypes at the early stage of infection in THP-1 cells. mSystems 2023; 8:e0023723. [PMID: 37432027 PMCID: PMC10469919 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00237-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus must endure various challenging circumstances while being swallowed by phagocytes of the innate immune system. Moreover, bacteria should recognize and react to environmental signals quickly in host cells. Two-component system (TCS) is an important way for bacteria to perceive external environmental signals and transmit them to the interior to trigger the associated regulatory mechanism. However, the regulatory function of V. parahaemolyticus TCS in innate immune cells is unclear. Here, the expression patterns of TCS in V. parahaemolyticus-infected THP-1 cell-derived macrophages at the early stage were studied for the first time. Based on protein-protein interaction network analysis, we mined and analyzed seven critical TCS genes with excellent research value in the V. parahaemolyticus regulating macrophages, as shown below. VP1503, VP1502, VPA0021, and VPA0182 could regulate the ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transport system. VP1735, uvrY, and peuR might interact with thermostable hemolysin proteins, DNA cleavage-related proteins, and TonB-dependent siderophore enterobactin receptor, respectively, which may assist V. parahaemolyticus in infected macrophages. Subsequently, the potential immune escape pathways of V. parahaemolyticus regulating macrophages were explored by RNA-seq. The results showed that V. parahaemolyticus might infect macrophages by controlling apoptosis, actin cytoskeleton, and cytokines. In addition, we found that the TCS (peuS/R) could enhance the toxicity of V. parahaemolyticus to macrophages and might contribute to the activation of macrophage apoptosis. IMPORTANCE This study could offer crucial new insights into the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus without tdh and trh genes. In addition, we also provided a novel direction of inquiry into the pathogenic mechanism of V. parahaemolyticus and suggested several TCS key genes that may assist V. parahaemolyticus in innate immune regulation and interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Meng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun-Hui Peng
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Qian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Lin Fei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Jie Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Quan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai, China
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10
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Liu F, Wang F, Yuan Y, Li X, Zhong X, Yang M. Quorum sensing signal synthases enhance Vibrio parahaemolyticus swarming motility. Mol Microbiol 2023; 120:241-257. [PMID: 37330634 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant food-borne pathogen that is found in diverse aquatic habitats. Quorum sensing (QS), a signaling system for cell-cell communication, plays an important role in V. parahaemolyticus persistence. We characterized the function of three V. parahaemolyticus QS signal synthases, CqsAvp , LuxMvp , and LuxSvp , and show that they are essential to activate QS and regulate swarming. We found that CqsAvp , LuxMvp , and LuxSvp activate a QS bioluminescence reporter through OpaR. However, V. parahaemolyticus exhibits swarming defects in the absence of CqsAvp , LuxMvp , and LuxSvp , but not OpaR. The swarming defect of this synthase mutant (termed Δ3AI) was recovered by overexpressing either LuxOvp D47A , a mimic of dephosphorylated LuxOvp mutant, or the scrABC operon. CqsAvp , LuxMvp , and LuxSvp inhibit lateral flagellar (laf) gene expression by inhibiting the phosphorylation of LuxOvp and the expression of scrABC. Phosphorylated LuxOvp enhances laf gene expression in a mechanism that involves modulating c-di-GMP levels. However, enhancing swarming requires phosphorylated and dephosphorylated LuxOvp which is regulated by the QS signals that are synthesized by CqsAvp , LuxMvp , and LuxSvp . The data presented here suggest an important strategy of swarming regulation by the integration of QS and c-di-GMP signaling pathways in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menghua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection & Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Zamorano-Sánchez D, Alejandre-Sixtos JE, Arredondo-Hernández A, Martínez-Méndez R. OpaR Exerts a Dynamic Control over c-di-GMP Homeostasis and cpsA Expression in Vibrio parahaemolyticus through Its Regulation of ScrC and the Trigger Phosphodiesterase TpdA. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087223. [PMID: 37199626 PMCID: PMC10269520 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00872-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) plays a central role in controlling decision-making processes that are vitally important for the environmental survival of the human pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The mechanisms by which c-di-GMP levels and biofilm formation are dynamically controlled in V. parahaemolyticus are poorly understood. Here, we report the involvement of OpaR in controlling c-di-GMP metabolism and its effects on the expression of the trigger phosphodiesterase (PDE) TpdA and the biofilm-matrix related gene cpsA. Our results revealed that OpaR negatively modulates the expression of tpdA by maintaining a baseline level of c-di-GMP. The OpaR-regulated PDEs ScrC, ScrG, and VP0117 enable the upregulation of tpdA, to different degrees, in the absence of OpaR. We also found that TpdA plays the dominant role in c-di-GMP degradation under planktonic conditions compared to the other OpaR-regulated PDEs. In cells growing on solid medium, we observed that the role of the dominant c-di-GMP degrader alternates between ScrC and TpdA. We also report contrasting effects of the absence of OpaR on cpsA expression in cells growing on solid media compared to cells forming biofilms over glass. These results suggest that OpaR can act as a double-edged sword to control cpsA expression and perhaps biofilm development in response to poorly understood environmental factors. Finally, using an in-silico analysis, we indicate outlets of the OpaR regulatory module that can impact decision making during the motile-to-sessile transition in V. parahaemolyticus. IMPORTANCE The second messenger c-di-GMP is extensively used by bacterial cells to control crucial social adaptations such as biofilm formation. Here, we explore the role of the quorum-sensing regulator OpaR, from the human pathogen V. parahaemolyticus, on the dynamic control of c-di-GMP signaling and biofilm-matrix production. We found that OpaR is crucial to c-di-GMP homeostasis in cells growing on Lysogeny Broth agar and that the OpaR-regulated PDEs TpdA and ScrC alternate in the dominant role over time. Furthermore, OpaR plays contrasting roles in controlling the expression of the biofilm-related gene cpsA on different surfaces and growth conditions. This dual role has not been reported for orthologues of OpaR, such as HapR from Vibrio cholerae. It is important to investigate the origins and consequences of the differences in c-di-GMP signaling between closely and distantly related pathogens to better understand pathogenic bacterial behavior and its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zamorano-Sánchez
- Programa de Microbiología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jesús E. Alejandre-Sixtos
- Programa de Microbiología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Adilene Arredondo-Hernández
- Programa de Microbiología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Raquel Martínez-Méndez
- Programa de Microbiología Genómica, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Tao R, Zhang N, Zhang L, Habumugisha T, Chen Y, Lu Y, Wang Y, Wang K, Wang Y, Jiang J. Characterization and antivibrio activity of chitosan-citral Schiff base calcium complex for a calcium citrate sustained release antibacterial agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124355. [PMID: 37023879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahemolyticus is the "Number one killer" of seafood products. Anti-vibrio agents having low cost and high-safety are urgently needed to supplement the application needs. This work attempted to prepare CS-CT-CCa complex with citral (CT), chitosan (CS) and calcium citrate (CCa) as raw material by microwave-assisted high-pressure homogenization. Additionally the coordination structure and morphology of Bridge-CS-CT-Schiff base/OH-CCa were verified. The prepared CS-CT-CCa had a well-dispersed property (the size: 3.55~9.33 μm and the zeta potential: +38.7~+67.5 mV) and an excellent sustained released ability (sustained release up to 180 min). MIC, Glucose assay, MDA assay, biofilm formation inhibition assay, SEM, swimming and swarming motility assay demonstrated that CS-CT-CCa had strong (MIC of 128 μg/ml) and sustained (more than 12 h) inhibitory effects against V. parahaemolyticus. Meanwhile, CS-CT-CCa could increase the membrane permeability of V. parahaemolyticus and inhibit their biofilm-forming ability in a dose-dependent manner. It could be inferred that the antibacterial activities against V. parahaemolyticus caused inhibition of biofilm formation, swimming and swarming motilities. This study provided necessary data for the further design and development of chitosan antibacterial agents, food and feed additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | | | - Théogène Habumugisha
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yicun Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, CAF, Hangzhou 311400, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinjuan Wang
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yangdong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu Province, China; Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian Province, China
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13
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Zhang M, Xue X, Li X, Wu Q, Zhang T, Yang W, Hu L, Zhou D, Lu R, Zhang Y. QsvR and OpaR coordinately repress biofilm formation by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1079653. [PMID: 36846774 PMCID: PMC9948739 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1079653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature biofilm formation by Vibrio parahaemolyticus requires exopolysaccharide (EPS), type IV pili, and capsular polysaccharide (CPS). Production of each is strictly regulated by various control pathways including quorum sensing (QS) and bis-(3'-5')-cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP). QsvR, an AraC-type regulator, integrates into the QS regulatory cascade via direct control of the transcription of the master QS regulators, AphA and OpaR. Deletion of qsvR in wild-type or opaR mutant backgrounds altered the biofilm formation by V. parahaemolyticus, suggesting that QsvR may coordinate with OpaR to control biofilm formation. Herein, we demonstrated both QsvR and OpaR repressed biofilm-associated phenotypes, c-di-GMP metabolism, and the formation of V. parahaemolyticus translucent (TR) colonies. QsvR restored the biofilm-associated phenotypic changes caused by opaR mutation, and vice versa. In addition, QsvR and OpaR worked coordinately to regulate the transcription of EPS-associated genes, type IV pili genes, CPS genes and c-di-GMP metabolism-related genes. These results demonstrated how QsvR works with the QS system to regulate biofilm formation by precisely controlling the transcription of multiple biofilm formation-associated genes in V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingfan Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qimin Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China,Dongsheng Zhou, ✉
| | - Renfei Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,Renfei Lu, ✉
| | - Yiquan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Yiquan Zhang, ✉
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Underlying the Wrinkly and Smooth Phenotypes. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0218822. [PMID: 36098555 PMCID: PMC9604176 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02188-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a causative agent of seafood-associated gastroenteritis, undergoes opaque-translucent (OP-TR) colony switching associated with capsular polysaccharide (CPS) production. Here, we showed that V. parahaemolyticus was also able to naturally and reversibly switch between wrinkly and smooth phenotypes. More than 1,000 genes were significantly differentially expressed during colony morphology switching, including the major virulence gene loci and key biofilm-related genes. The genes responsible for type III secretion system 1 (T3SS1), type VI secretion systems (T6SS1 and T6SS2), and flagellar synthesis were downregulated in the wrinkly spreader phenotype, whereas genes located on the pathogenicity island Vp-PAI and those responsible for chitin-regulated pili (ChiRP) and Syp exopolysaccharide synthesis were upregulated. In addition, we showed that the wrinkly spreader grew faster, had greater motility and biofilm capacities, and produced more c-di-GMP than the smooth type. A dozen genes potentially associated with c-di-GMP metabolism were shown to be significantly differentially expressed, which may account for the differences in c-di-GMP levels between the two phenotypes. Most importantly, dozens of putative regulators were significantly differentially expressed, and hundreds of noncoding RNAs were detected during colony morphology switching, indicating that phenotype switching is strictly regulated by a complex molecular regulatory network in V. parahaemolyticus. Taken together, the presented work highlighted the gene expression profiles related to wrinkly-smooth switching, showing that the significantly differentially expressed genes were involved in various biological behaviors, including virulence factor production, biofilm formation, metabolism, adaptation, and colonization. IMPORTANCE We showed that Vibrio parahaemolyticus was able to naturally and reversibly switch between wrinkly and smooth phenotypes and disclosed the gene expression profiles related to wrinkly-smooth switching, showing that the significantly differentially expressed genes between the two colony morphology phenotypes were involved in various biological behaviors, including virulence factor production, biofilm formation, metabolism, adaptation, and colonization.
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