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Jeong JH, Jeon EY, Hwang MK, Song YJ, Kim JY. Development of super-infective ternary vector systems for enhancing the Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and genome editing efficiency. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae187. [PMID: 39247884 PMCID: PMC11377189 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation remains a cornerstone of plant biology, fueling advancements in molecular genetics, new genomic techniques (NGTs), and the biotech industry. However, recalcitrant crops and technical hurdles persist as bottlenecks. The goal was to develop super-infective ternary vector systems that integrate a novel salicylic acid-degrading enzyme, GABA, and ethylene-degrading enzymes, targeting the transformation of crops by neutralizing plant defense system on Agrobacterium. Firstly, both the effect and activity of introducing enzymes were validated in EHA105, an important Agrobacterium strain. Our study demonstrates that all ternary vector (Tv) system variants significantly enhance reporter expression in transient assays with Nicotiana benthamiana and Cannabis sativa. Specifically, incorporating a constitutive virG mutation with novel enzyme combinations increased GFP and RUBY expression in C. sativa by >5-fold and 13-fold, respectively. The Tv system, combined with a geminivirus replicon, markedly boosted GUS gene expression in tomato, enhancing genome editing efficiency. Notably, compared to controls, Tv-VS demonstrated up to 18-fold and 4.5-fold increases in genome editing efficiency in C. sativa and tomato, respectively. Additionally, stable transformation rates in tomato and Arabidopsis improved significantly, with Tv-VS showing a remarkable 2.5-fold increase in transformation efficiency compared to control strains. The research marks notable progress in Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. The innovative ternary vectors overcome plant defense mechanisms, enabling genetic manipulation in previously challenging plant species. This development is anticipated to broaden the applications of plant genetic engineering, contributing to advancements in crop genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Jeong
- Nulla Bio Inc., 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Jeon
- Nulla Bio Inc., 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ki Hwang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jong Song
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yean Kim
- Nulla Bio Inc., 501 Jinjudaero, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Choi SW, Kumaishi K, Motohashi R, Enoki H, Chacuttayapong W, Takamizo T, Saika H, Endo M, Yamada T, Hirose A, Koizuka N, Kimura S, Kawakatsu Y, Koga H, Ito E, Shirasu K, Ichihashi Y. Oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs enhance Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2022; 39:323-327. [PMID: 36349241 PMCID: PMC9592935 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.0312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a key innovation for plant breeding, and routinely used in basic researches and applied biology. However, the transformation efficiency is often the limiting factor of this technique. In this study, we discovered that oxicam-type nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including tenoxicam (TNX), increase the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation. TNX treatment increased the transformation efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana mature leaves by agroinfiltration. The increase of efficiency by TNX treatment was not observed in dde2/ein2/pad4/sid2 quadruple mutant, indicating that TNX inhibits the immune system mediated by jasmonic acid, ethylene, and salicylic acid against to Agrobacterium. We also found that TNX-treatment is applicable for the transient expression and subcellular localization analysis of fluorescent-tagged proteins in Arabidopsis leaf cells. In addition, we found that TNX increases the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of Jatropha. Given that treatment with oxicam compounds is a simple and cost effective method, our findings will provide a new option to overcome limitations associated with Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-won Choi
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University (ICU), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
| | - Kie Kumaishi
- Riken BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Reiko Motohashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Harumi Enoki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Wiluk Chacuttayapong
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Applied Life Sciences, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Tadashi Takamizo
- National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Saika
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Aya Hirose
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koizuka
- College of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, , Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yaichi Kawakatsu
- Department of Industrial Life Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate school of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Department of Natural Sciences, International Christian University (ICU), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Riken Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
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Lacroix B, Citovsky V. Genetic factors governing bacterial virulence and host plant susceptibility during Agrobacterium infection. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2022; 110:1-29. [PMID: 37283660 PMCID: PMC10241481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several species of the Agrobacterium genus represent unique bacterial pathogens able to genetically transform plants, by transferring and integrating a segment of their own DNA (T-DNA, transferred DNA) in their host genome. Whereas in nature this process results in uncontrolled growth of the infected plant cells (tumors), this capability of Agrobacterium has been widely used as a crucial tool to generate transgenic plants, for research and biotechnology. The virulence of Agrobacterium relies on a series of virulence genes, mostly encoded on a large plasmid (Ti-plasmid, tumor inducing plasmid), involved in the different steps of the DNA transfer to the host cell genome: activation of bacterial virulence, synthesis and export of the T-DNA and its associated proteins, intracellular trafficking of the T-DNA and effector proteins in the host cell, and integration of the T-DNA in the host genomic DNA. Multiple interactions between these bacterial encoded proteins and host factors occur during the infection process, which determine the outcome of the infection. Here, we review our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which bacterial and plant factors control Agrobacterium virulence and host plant susceptibility.
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Anjanappa RB, Gruissem W. Current progress and challenges in crop genetic transformation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153411. [PMID: 33872932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant transformation remains the most sought-after technology for functional genomics and crop genetic improvement, especially for introducing specific new traits and to modify or recombine already existing traits. Along with many other agricultural technologies, the global production of genetically engineered crops has steadily grown since they were first introduced 25 years ago. Since the first transfer of DNA into plant cells using Agrobacterium tumefaciens, different transformation methods have enabled rapid advances in molecular breeding approaches to bring crop varieties with novel traits to the market that would be difficult or not possible to achieve with conventional breeding methods. Today, transformation to produce genetically engineered crops is the fastest and most widely adopted technology in agriculture. The rapidly increasing number of sequenced plant genomes and information from functional genomics data to understand gene function, together with novel gene cloning and tissue culture methods, is further accelerating crop improvement and trait development. These advances are welcome and needed to make crops more resilient to climate change and to secure their yield for feeding the increasing human population. Despite the success, transformation remains a bottleneck because many plant species and crop genotypes are recalcitrant to established tissue culture and regeneration conditions, or they show poor transformability. Improvements are possible using morphogenetic transcriptional regulators, but their broader applicability remains to be tested. Advances in genome editing techniques and direct, non-tissue culture-based transformation methods offer alternative approaches to enhance varietal development in other recalcitrant crops. Here, we review recent developments in plant transformation and regeneration, and discuss opportunities for new breeding technologies in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi B Anjanappa
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Vandana UK, Rajkumari J, Singha LP, Satish L, Alavilli H, Sudheer PD, Chauhan S, Ratnala R, Satturu V, Mazumder PB, Pandey P. The Endophytic Microbiome as a Hotspot of Synergistic Interactions, with Prospects of Plant Growth Promotion. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:101. [PMID: 33535706 PMCID: PMC7912845 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The plant root is the primary site of interaction between plants and associated microorganisms and constitutes the main components of plant microbiomes that impact crop production. The endophytic bacteria in the root zone have an important role in plant growth promotion. Diverse microbial communities inhabit plant root tissues, and they directly or indirectly promote plant growth by inhibiting the growth of plant pathogens, producing various secondary metabolites. Mechanisms of plant growth promotion and response of root endophytic microorganisms for their survival and colonization in the host plants are the result of complex plant-microbe interactions. Endophytic microorganisms also assist the host to sustain different biotic and abiotic stresses. Better insights are emerging for the endophyte, such as host plant interactions due to advancements in 'omic' technologies, which facilitate the exploration of genes that are responsible for plant tissue colonization. Consequently, this is informative to envisage putative functions and metabolic processes crucial for endophytic adaptations. Detection of cell signaling molecules between host plants and identification of compounds synthesized by root endophytes are effective means for their utilization in the agriculture sector as biofertilizers. In addition, it is interesting that the endophytic microorganism colonization impacts the relative abundance of indigenous microbial communities and suppresses the deleterious microorganisms in plant tissues. Natural products released by endophytes act as biocontrol agents and inhibit pathogen growth. The symbiosis of endophytic bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant symbiotic signaling pathways and root colonization patterns and phytohormone synthesis. In this review, the potential of the root endophytic community, colonization, and role in the improvement of plant growth has been explained in the light of intricate plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Kumar Vandana
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (U.K.V.); (P.B.M.)
| | - Jina Rajkumari
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (J.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - L. Paikhomba Singha
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (J.R.); (L.P.S.)
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering and the Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel;
- The Albert Katz International School for Desert Studies, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Hemasundar Alavilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Pamidimarri D.V.N. Sudheer
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur 493225, India; (P.D.V.N.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Sushma Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Chhattisgarh, Raipur 493225, India; (P.D.V.N.S.); (S.C.)
| | - Rambabu Ratnala
- TATA Institute for Genetics and Society, Bangalore 560065, India;
| | - Vanisri Satturu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad 500030, India;
| | - Pranab Behari Mazumder
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (U.K.V.); (P.B.M.)
| | - Piyush Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University Silchar, Assam 788011, India; (J.R.); (L.P.S.)
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De Saeger J, Park J, Chung HS, Hernalsteens JP, Van Lijsebettens M, Inzé D, Van Montagu M, Depuydt S. Agrobacterium strains and strain improvement: Present and outlook. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 53:107677. [PMID: 33290822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Almost 40 years ago the first transgenic plant was generated through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, which, until now, remains the method of choice for gene delivery into plants. Ever since, optimized Agrobacterium strains have been developed with additional (genetic) modifications that were mostly aimed at enhancing the transformation efficiency, although an optimized strain also exists that reduces unwanted plasmid recombination. As a result, a collection of very useful strains has been created to transform a wide variety of plant species, but has also led to a confusing Agrobacterium strain nomenclature. The latter is often misleading for choosing the best-suited strain for one's transformation purposes. To overcome this issue, we provide a complete overview of the strain classification. We also indicate different strain modifications and their purposes, as well as the obtained results with regard to the transformation process sensu largo. Furthermore, we propose additional improvements of the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation process and consider several worthwhile modifications, for instance, by circumventing a defense response in planta. In this regard, we will discuss pattern-triggered immunity, pathogen-associated molecular pattern detection, hormone homeostasis and signaling, and reactive oxygen species in relationship to Agrobacterium transformation. We will also explore alterations that increase agrobacterial transformation efficiency, reduce plasmid recombination, and improve biocontainment. Finally, we recommend the use of a modular system to best utilize the available knowledge for successful plant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Saeger
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jihae Park
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-840, South Korea
| | - Hoo Sun Chung
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Montagu
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Depuydt
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 406-840, South Korea; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Thompson MG, Moore WM, Hummel NFC, Pearson AN, Barnum CR, Scheller HV, Shih PM. Agrobacterium tumefaciens: A Bacterium Primed for Synthetic Biology. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2020; 2020:8189219. [PMID: 37849895 PMCID: PMC10530663 DOI: 10.34133/2020/8189219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an important tool in plant biotechnology due to its natural ability to transfer DNA into the genomes of host plants. Genetic manipulations of A. tumefaciens have yielded considerable advances in increasing transformational efficiency in a number of plant species and cultivars. Moreover, there is overwhelming evidence that modulating the expression of various mediators of A. tumefaciens virulence can lead to more successful plant transformation; thus, the application of synthetic biology to enable targeted engineering of the bacterium may enable new opportunities for advancing plant biotechnology. In this review, we highlight engineering targets in both A. tumefaciens and plant hosts that could be exploited more effectively through precision genetic control to generate high-quality transformation events in a wider range of host plants. We then further discuss the current state of A. tumefaciens and plant engineering with regard to plant transformation and describe how future work may incorporate a rigorous synthetic biology approach to tailor strains of A. tumefaciens used in plant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G. Thompson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - William M. Moore
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Niklas F. C. Hummel
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allison N. Pearson
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Collin R. Barnum
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Henrik V. Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Patrick M. Shih
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Genome Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Nonaka S, Someya T, Kadota Y, Nakamura K, Ezura H. Super- Agrobacterium ver. 4: Improving the Transformation Frequencies and Genetic Engineering Possibilities for Crop Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1204. [PMID: 31649690 PMCID: PMC6791131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been utilized for both transient and stable transformations of plants. These transformation methods have been used in fields such as breeding GM crops, protein production in plant cells, and the functional analysis of genes. However, some plants have significantly lower transient gene transfer and stable transformation rates, creating a technical barrier that needs to be resolved. In this study, Super-Agrobacterium was updated to ver. 4 by introducing both the ACC deaminase (acdS) and GABA transaminase (gabT) genes, whose resultant enzymes degrade ACC, the ethylene precursor, and GABA, respectively. A. tumefaciens strain GV2260, which is similar to other major strains (EHA105, GV3101, LBA4404, and MP90), was used in this study. The abilities of the Super-Agrobacterium ver. 4 were evaluated in Erianthus ravennae, Solanum lycopersicum "Micro-Tom," Nicotiana benthamiana, and S. torvum. Super-Agrobacterium ver. 4 showed the highest T-DNA transfer (transient transformation) frequencies in E. ravennae and S. lycopersicum, but not in N. benthamiana and S. torvum. In tomato, Super-Agrobacterium ver. 4 increased the stable transformation rate by 3.6-fold compared to the original GV2260 strain. Super-Agrobacterium ver. 4 enables reduction of the amount of time and labor required for transformations by approximately 72%, and is therefore a more effective and powerful tool for plant genetic engineering and functional analysis, than the previously developed strains. As our system has a plasmid containing the acdS and gabT genes, it could be used in combination with other major strains such as EHA105, EHA101, LBA4404, MP90, and AGL1. Super-Agrobacterium ver. 4, could thus possibly be a breakthrough application for improving basic plant science research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Nonaka
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoko Nonaka, ; Hiroshi Ezura,
| | - Tatsuhiko Someya
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Group, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouji Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, Gene Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Satoko Nonaka, ; Hiroshi Ezura,
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Wang N, Chen H, Nonaka S, Sato-Izawa K, Kusano M, Ezura H. Ethylene biosynthesis controlled by NON-RIPENING: A regulatory conflict between wounding and ripening. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 132:720-726. [PMID: 30150109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is involved in multiple aspects of morphological and physiological processes in plants. Tomato rapidly and transiently increases ethylene production during fruit ripening and in plant defense responses. The transcription factor non-ripening (NOR) has significant effects on fruit ripening via regulation of ethylene biosynthesis-related genes. The nor loss-of-function allele produces a basal level of ethylene during ripening, in contrast to the induced ethylene evolution observed upon Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. The use of ACC deaminase represses ethylene production and significantly improves the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated T-DNA transfer in nor plants. Analyses of the transcription levels of the ethylene biosynthesis genes ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) in nor plants revealed that the induced ethylene production was largely due to transcriptional accumulation of ACS2 and ACO1. Accumulation of ACS2 and ACO1 mRNA opposes NOR-mediated regulation in tomato fruit during ripening, and the feedback regulation of NOR is rendered ineffective by defense responses, thereby precluding the control of its own expression. The ethylene synthesis mechanisms respond properly to NOR-mediated transcriptional regulation that is differed through the wound-induced and ripening-induced signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Haoting Chen
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Satoko Nonaka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kanna Sato-Izawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Miyako Kusano
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS), Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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Malambane G, Nonaka S, Shiba H, Ezura H, Tsujimoto H, Akashi K. Comparative effects of ethylene inhibitors on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of drought-tolerant wild watermelon. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:433-441. [PMID: 29424269 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1431516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ethylene (C2H4), a phytohormone that is produced in response to both abiotic and biotic stresses, is an important factor influencing the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In this study, effects of various ethylene inhibitors on the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation in drought-tolerant wild watermelon was comparatively examined. Consequently, in comparison to the application of chemical inhibitors such as AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), lower ethylene level was observed when the infecting Agrobacterium contained a gene for 1-aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (acdS), which cleaves ethylene precursor ACC into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia. GUS histochemical and spectrophotometric enzyme assays showed that acdS was more effective in enhancing gene transfer than the chemical ethylene inhibitors. Efficiency of transgenic shoots formation was higher in acdS- and AVG-treated explants. These observations demonstrated that controlling the ethylene level during co-cultivation and shoot formation, particularly using the acdS-harboring Agrobacterium, is advantageous for enhancing the transformation efficiency in this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goitseone Malambane
- a United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan.,b Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources , Gaborone , Botswana
| | - Satoko Nonaka
- c Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiba
- c Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- c Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- a United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan.,d Arid Land Research Center , Tottori University , Hamasaka , Japan
| | - Kinya Akashi
- a United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences , Tottori University , Tottori , Japan.,d Arid Land Research Center , Tottori University , Hamasaka , Japan
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11
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An Agrobacterium tumefaciens Strain with Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Transaminase Activity Shows an Enhanced Genetic Transformation Ability in Plants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42649. [PMID: 28220841 PMCID: PMC5318993 DOI: 10.1038/srep42649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens has the unique ability to mediate inter-kingdom DNA transfer, and for this reason, it has been utilized for plant genetic engineering. To increase the transformation frequency in plant genetic engineering, we focused on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a negative factor in the Agrobacterium-plant interaction. Recent studies have shown contradictory results regarding the effects of GABA on vir gene expression, leading to the speculation that GABA inhibits T-DNA transfer. In this study, we examined the effect of GABA on T-DNA transfer using a tomato line with a low GABA content. Compared with the control, the T-DNA transfer frequency was increased in the low-GABA tomato line, indicating that GABA inhibits T-DNA transfer. Therefore, we bred a new A. tumefaciens strain with GABA transaminase activity and the ability to degrade GABA. The A. tumefaciens strain exhibited increased T-DNA transfer in two tomato cultivars and Erianthus arundinacues and an increased frequency of stable transformation in tomato.
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12
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Nonaka S, Ezura H. Plant-Agrobacterium interaction mediated by ethylene and super-Agrobacterium conferring efficient gene transfer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:681. [PMID: 25520733 PMCID: PMC4253739 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens has a unique ability to transfer genes into plant genomes. This ability has been utilized for plant genetic engineering. However, the efficiency is not sufficient for all plant species. Several studies have shown that ethylene decreased the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency. Thus, A. tumefaciens with an ability to suppress ethylene evolution would increase the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Some studies showed that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can reduce ethylene levels in plants through 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, which cleaves the ethylene precursor ACC into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia, resulting in reduced ethylene production. The whole genome sequence data showed that A. tumefaciens does not possess an ACC deaminase gene in its genome. Therefore, providing ACC deaminase activity to the bacteria would improve gene transfer. As expected, A. tumefaciens with ACC deaminase activity, designated as super-Agrobacterium, could suppress ethylene evolution and increase the gene transfer efficiency in several plant species. In this review, we summarize plant-Agrobacterium interactions and their applications for improving Agrobacterium-mediated genetic engineering techniques via super-Agrobacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Ezura, Gene Research Center, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan e-mail:
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13
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The Evolution of Ethylene Signaling in Plant Chemical Ecology. J Chem Ecol 2014; 40:700-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-014-0474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Someya T, Nonaka S, Nakamura K, Ezura H. Increased 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity enhances Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene delivery into plant cells. Microbiologyopen 2013; 2:873-80. [PMID: 24000136 PMCID: PMC3831647 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a useful tool for the genetic modification in plants, although its efficiency is low for several plant species. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has three major steps in laboratory-controlled experiments: the delivery of T-DNA into plant cells, the selection of transformed plant cells, and the regeneration of whole plants from the selected cells. Each of these steps must be optimized to improve the efficiency of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation. It has been reported that increasing the number of cells transformed by T-DNA delivery can improve the frequency of stable transformation. Previously, we demonstrated that a reduction in ethylene production by plant cells during cocultivation with A. tumefaciens-expressing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase resulted in increased T-DNA delivery into the plant cells. In this study, to further improve T-DNA delivery by A. tumefaciens, we modified the expression cassette of the ACC deaminase gene using vir gene promoter sequences. The ACC deaminase gene driven by the virD1 promoter was expressed at a higher level, resulting in a higher ACC deaminase activity in this A. tumefaciens strain than in the strain with the lac promoter used in a previous study. The newly developed A. tumefaciens strain improves the delivery of T-DNA into Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Erianthus ravennae plants and thus may be a powerful tool for the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic engineering of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Someya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
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15
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Lacroix B, Citovsky V. The roles of bacterial and host plant factors in Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013. [PMID: 24166430 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.130199b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The genetic transformation of plants mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens represents an essential tool for both fundamental and applied research in plant biology. For a successful infection, culminating in the integration of its transferred DNA (T-DNA) into the host genome, Agrobacterium relies on multiple interactions with host-plant factors. Extensive studies have unraveled many of such interactions at all major steps of the infection process: activation of the bacterial virulence genes, cell-cell contact and macromolecular translocation from Agrobacterium to host cell cytoplasm, intracellular transit of T-DNA and associated proteins (T-complex) to the host cell nucleus, disassembly of the T-complex, T-DNA integration, and expression of the transferred genes. During all these processes, Agrobacterium has evolved to control and even utilize several pathways of host-plant defense response. Studies of these Agrobacterium-host interactions substantially enhance our understanding of many fundamental cellular biological processes and allow improvements in the use of Agrobacterium as a gene transfer tool for biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Lacroix
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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16
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Crook MB, Lindsay DP, Biggs MB, Bentley JS, Price JC, Clement SC, Clement MJ, Long SR, Griffitts JS. Rhizobial plasmids that cause impaired symbiotic nitrogen fixation and enhanced host invasion. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2012; 25:1026-33. [PMID: 22746823 PMCID: PMC4406224 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-02-12-0052-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The genetic rules that dictate legume-rhizobium compatibility have been investigated for decades, but the causes of incompatibility occurring at late stages of the nodulation process are not well understood. An evaluation of naturally diverse legume (genus Medicago) and rhizobium (genus Sinorhizobium) isolates has revealed numerous instances in which Sinorhizobium strains induce and occupy nodules that are only minimally beneficial to certain Medicago hosts. Using these ineffective strain-host pairs, we identified gain-of-compatibility (GOC) rhizobial variants. We show that GOC variants arise by loss of specific large accessory plasmids, which we call HR plasmids due to their effect on symbiotic host range. Transfer of HR plasmids to a symbiotically effective rhizobium strain can convert it to incompatibility, indicating that HR plasmids can act autonomously in diverse strain backgrounds. We provide evidence that HR plasmids may encode machinery for their horizontal transfer. On hosts in which HR plasmids impair N fixation, the plasmids also enhance competitiveness for nodule occupancy, showing that naturally occurring, transferrable accessory genes can convert beneficial rhizobia to a more exploitative lifestyle. This observation raises important questions about agricultural management, the ecological stability of mutualisms, and the genetic factors that distinguish beneficial symbionts from parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Crook
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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Tsuda K, Qi Y, Nguyen LV, Bethke G, Tsuda Y, Glazebrook J, Katagiri F. An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:713-9. [PMID: 22004025 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient transformation has been a useful procedure for characterization of proteins and their functions in plants, including analysis of protein-protein interactions. Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of Nicotiana benthamiana by leaf infiltration has been widely used due to its ease and high efficiency. However, in Arabidopsis this procedure has been challenging. Previous studies suggested that this difficulty was caused by plant immune responses triggered by perception of Agrobacterium. Here, we report a simple and robust method for Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in Arabidopsis. AvrPto is an effector protein from the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae that suppresses plant immunity by interfering with plant immune receptors. We used transgenic Arabidopsis plants that conditionally express AvrPto under the control of a dexamethasone (DEX)-inducible promoter. When the transgenic plants were pretreated with DEX prior to infection with Agrobacterium carrying a β-glucuronidase (GUS, uidA) gene with an artificial intron and driven by the CaMV 35S promoter, transient GUS expression was dramatically enhanced compared to that in mock-pretreated plants. This transient expression system was successfully applied to analysis of the subcellular localization of a cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) fusion and a protein-protein interaction in Arabidopsis. Our findings enable efficient use of Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tsuda
- Department of Plant Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
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18
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Hao Y, Charles TC, Glick BR. ACC deaminase increases the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation frequency of commercial canola cultivars. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 307:185-90. [PMID: 20636976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.01977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant hormone ethylene has been reported to inhibit the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation efficiency of many plants. In this study, an acdS gene that encodes 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase, an enzyme that breaks down ACC, the direct precursor of ethylene biosynthesis in all higher plants, was introduced into A. tumefaciens GV3101::pMP90. It was found that the presence of active ACC deaminase in A. tumefaciens reduced ethylene levels produced by plant tissues during the process of infection and cocultivation, and significantly increased the transformation efficiency of three commercial canola cultivars: Brassica napus cv. Westar, B. napus cv. Hyola 401 and B. napus cv. 4414RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youai Hao
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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