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Curren E, Leong SCY. Plankton assemblages from microplastics of tropical coastal environments reveal high diversity and evidence of toxic species. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106251. [PMID: 37952304 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are a major constituent of plastic waste and are of an increasing global concern. Although microplastics are prevalent in marine ecosystems, the characterisation of plankton communities has been largely neglected in this aspect, especially in tropical ecosystems. To better understand the role of microplastics as a carrier of harmful plankton in marine ecosystems, epiplastic plankton communities in tropical marine ecosystems were studied from beach sediments along the Johor and Singapore Straits. Complementary analysis of microscopy and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA (V3-V4) and 18S (V4) rRNA regions provided evidence that the plastisphere provided an appropriate environment to host a wide range of planktonic organisms. An average of 781 OTUs were identified across the three sampling sites. The structures of plankton communities were distinct across the sampling sites and were generally dominated by dinoflagellates, fungi and chlorophytes. We demonstrate that marine microplastics serve as microhabitats that are a host to harmful phytoplankton species, including viable resting cysts of dinoflagellates. Furthermore, plastics isolated from the location with the greatest anthropogenic influence demonstrated the greatest plankton diversity. This study presents evidence of diverse toxic plankton species present on the plastisphere and highlights its importance as a vector of the transport of harmful opportunistic species in relation to anthropogenic influence, in the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curren
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, 119227, Singapore
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2
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Hentschke GS, Ramos V, Pinheiro Â, Barreiro A, Costa MS, Rego A, Brule S, Vasconcelos VM, Leão PN. Zarconia navalis gen. nov., sp. nov., Romeriopsis navalis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Romeriopsis marina sp. nov., isolated from inter- and subtidal environments from northern Portugal. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2022; 72. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The morphology, 16S rRNA gene phylogeny and 16S–23S rRNA gene ITS secondary structures of three strains of marine Cyanobacteria, isolated from inter- and subtidal environments from north Portugal were studied, resulting in the description of Zarconia navalis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Oscillatoriales incertae sedis), Romeriopsis navalis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Leptolyngbyaceae) and Romeriopsis marina sp. nov., named under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. No diacritical morphological characters were found for the new genera and species. The 16S rRNA gene maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies supported that the genus Zarconia is a member of the Oscillatoriales, morphologically similar to the genera
Microcoleus
and Phormidium, but distant from them. The genus Romeriopsis is positioned within the Leptolyngbyaceae (Synechococcales) and is closely related to
Alkalinema
. The secondary structures of the D1-D1′, Box B, V2 and V3 helices corroborate the phylogenetic results. Furthermore, our study supports previous observations of polyphyletic Oscillatoriales families and reinforces the need for their taxonomic revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme S. Hentschke
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor Ramos
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ângela Pinheiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Aldo Barreiro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M. Sofia Costa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Adriana Rego
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sébastien Brule
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor M. Vasconcelos
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro N. Leão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
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A Review of Cyanophage–Host Relationships: Highlighting Cyanophages as a Potential Cyanobacteria Control Strategy. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060385. [PMID: 35737046 PMCID: PMC9229316 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are naturally occurring phenomena, and cyanobacteria are the most commonly occurring HABs in freshwater systems. Cyanobacteria HABs (cyanoHABs) negatively affect ecosystems and drinking water resources through the production of potent toxins. Furthermore, the frequency, duration, and distribution of cyanoHABs are increasing, and conditions that favor cyanobacteria growth are predicted to increase in the coming years. Current methods for mitigating cyanoHABs are generally short-lived and resource-intensive, and have negative impacts on non-target species. Cyanophages (viruses that specifically target cyanobacteria) have the potential to provide a highly specific control strategy with minimal impacts on non-target species and propagation in the environment. A detailed review (primarily up to 2020) of cyanophage lifecycle, diversity, and factors influencing infectivity is provided in this paper, along with a discussion of cyanophage and host cyanobacteria relationships for seven prominent cyanoHAB-forming genera in North America, including: Synechococcus, Microcystis, Dolichospermum, Aphanizomenon, Cylindrospermopsis, Planktothrix, and Lyngbya. Lastly, factors affecting the potential application of cyanophages as a cyanoHAB control strategy are discussed, including efficacy considerations, optimization, and scalability for large-scale applications.
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Jung J, Seo YL, Jeong SE, Baek JH, Park HY, Jeon CO. Linear Six-Carbon Sugar Alcohols Induce Lysis of Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-298 Cells. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834370. [PMID: 35495711 PMCID: PMC9039742 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern due to their adverse effects on water quality and human health. Therefore, we examined the effects of various compounds on Microcystis aeruginosa growth. We found that Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-298 cells were lysed rapidly by linear six-carbon sugar alcohols including mannitol, galactitol, iditol, fucitol, and sorbitol, but not by other sugar alcohols. Microscopic observations revealed that mannitol treatment induced crumpled inner membrane, an increase in periplasmic space, uneven cell surface with outer membrane vesicles, disruption of membrane structures, release of intracellular matter including chlorophylls, and eventual cell lysis in strain NIES-298, which differed from the previously proposed cell death modes. Mannitol metabolism, antioxidant-mediated protection of mannitol-induced cell lysis by, and caspase-3 induction in strain NIES-298 were not observed, suggesting that mannitol may not cause organic matter accumulation, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death in M. aeruginosa. No significant transcriptional expression was induced in strain NIES-298 by mannitol treatment, indicating that cell lysis is not induced through transcriptional responses. Mannitol-induced cell lysis may be specific to strain NIES-298 and target a specific component of strain NIES-298. This study will provide a basis for controlling M. aeruginosa growth specifically by non-toxic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaejoon Jung
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye Lin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Jeong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.,Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Ju Hye Baek
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea.,National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Che Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gatorbulin-1, a distinct cyclodepsipeptide chemotype, targets a seventh tubulin pharmacological site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021847118. [PMID: 33619102 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021847118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulin-targeted chemotherapy has proven to be a successful and wide spectrum strategy against solid and liquid malignancies. Therefore, new ways to modulate this essential protein could lead to new antitumoral pharmacological approaches. Currently known tubulin agents bind to six distinct sites at α/β-tubulin either promoting microtubule stabilization or depolymerization. We have discovered a seventh binding site at the tubulin intradimer interface where a novel microtubule-destabilizing cyclodepsipeptide, termed gatorbulin-1 (GB1), binds. GB1 has a unique chemotype produced by a marine cyanobacterium. We have elucidated this dual, chemical and mechanistic, novelty through multidimensional characterization, starting with bioactivity-guided natural product isolation and multinuclei NMR-based structure determination, revealing the modified pentapeptide with a functionally critical hydroxamate group; and validation by total synthesis. We have investigated the pharmacology using isogenic cancer cell screening, cellular profiling, and complementary phenotypic assays, and unveiled the underlying molecular mechanism by in vitro biochemical studies and high-resolution structural determination of the α/β-tubulin-GB1 complex.
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Heil CA, Muni-Morgan AL. Florida’s Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Problem: Escalating Risks to Human, Environmental and Economic Health With Climate Change. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.646080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) pose unique risks to the citizens, stakeholders, visitors, environment and economy of the state of Florida. Florida has been historically subjected to reoccurring blooms of the toxic marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) G. Hansen & Moestrup since at least first contact with explorers in the 1500’s. However, ongoing immigration of more than 100,000 people year–1 into the state, elevated population densities in coastal areas with attendant rapid, often unregulated development, coastal eutrophication, and climate change impacts (e.g., increasing hurricane severity, increases in water temperature, ocean acidification and sea level rise) has likely increased the occurrence of other HABs, both freshwater and marine, within the state as well as the number of people impacted by these blooms. Currently, over 75 freshwater, estuarine, coastal and marine HAB species are routinely monitored by state agencies. While only blooms of K. brevis, the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense (Böhm) Steidinger, Tester, and Taylor and the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia spp. have resulted in closure of commercial shellfish beds, other HAB species, including freshwater and marine cyanobacteria, pose either imminent or unknown risks to human, environmental and economic health. HAB related human health risks can be classified into those related to consumption of contaminated shellfish and finfish, consumption of or contact with bloom or toxin contaminated water or exposure to aerosolized HAB toxins. While acute human illnesses resulting from consumption of brevetoxin-, saxitoxin-, and domoic acid-contaminated commercial shellfish have been minimized by effective monitoring and regulation, illnesses due to unregulated toxin exposures, e.g., ciguatoxins and cyanotoxins, are not well documented or understood. Aerosolized HAB toxins potentially impact the largest number of people within Florida. While short-term (days to weeks) impacts of aerosolized brevetoxin exposure are well documented (e.g., decreased respiratory function for at-risk subgroups such as asthmatics), little is known of longer term (>1 month) impacts of exposure or the risks posed by aerosolized cyanotoxin [e.g., microcystin, β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA)] exposure. Environmental risks of K. brevis blooms are the best studied of Florida HABs and include acute exposure impacts such as significant dies-offs of fish, marine mammals, seabirds and turtles, as well as negative impacts on larval and juvenile stages of many biota. When K. brevis blooms are present, brevetoxins can be found throughout the water column and are widespread in both pelagic and benthic biota. The presence of brevetoxins in living tissue of both fish and marine mammals suggests that food web transfer of these toxins is occurring, resulting in toxin transport beyond the spatial and temporal range of the bloom such that impacts of these toxins may occur in areas not regularly subjected to blooms. Climate change impacts, including temperature effects on cell metabolism, shifting ocean circulation patterns and changes in HAB species range and bloom duration, may exacerbate these dynamics. Secondary HAB related environmental impacts are also possible due to hypoxia and anoxia resulting from elevated bloom biomass and/or the decomposition of HAB related mortalities. Economic risks related to HABs in Florida are diverse and impact multiple stakeholder groups. Direct costs related to human health impacts (e.g., increased hospital visits) as well as recreational and commercial fisheries can be significant, especially with wide-spread sustained HABs. Recreational and tourism-based industries which sustain a significant portion of Florida’s economy are especially vulnerable to both direct (e.g., declines in coastal hotel occupancy rates and restaurant and recreational users) and indirect (e.g., negative publicity impacts, associated job losses) impacts from HABs. While risks related to K. brevis blooms are established, Florida also remains susceptible to future HABs due to large scale freshwater management practices, degrading water quality, potential transport of HABs between freshwater and marine systems and the state’s vulnerability to climate change impacts.
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7
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Lefler FW, Berthold DE, Laughinghouse HD. The occurrence of Affixifilum gen. nov. and Neolyngbya (Oscillatoriaceae) in South Florida (USA), with the description of A. floridanum sp. nov. and N. biscaynensis sp. nov. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:92-110. [PMID: 32853414 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
South Florida (USA) has a subtropical to tropical climate with an extensive and diverse coastline that supports the growth of benthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs). These BCMs are widespread and potentially house numerous bioactive compounds; however, the extent of the cyanobacterial diversity within these mats remains largely unknown. To elucidate this diversity, BCMs from select locations in South Florida were sampled and isolated into unicyanobacterial cultures for morphological and molecular studies. Phylogenetic relationships of isolated taxa were assessed using the markers 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA ITS by both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. We propose Affixifilum gen. nov. based on morphological characteristics and the 16S rRNA phylogeny. Two species are included: Affixifilum granulosum comb nov. (=Neolyngbya granulosa) found in Brazil and Florida (USA) and A. floridanum sp. nov. Several other features, including pair-wise distance of 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA ITS, 16S-23S rRNA ITS secondary structure, morphology, and ecology, provide support for Affixifilum. We also propose the transfer of Lyngbya regalis to Neolyngbya as N. regalis comb. nov. and include the description of one novel species, N. biscaynensis sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest W Lefler
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
| | - David E Berthold
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
| | - H Dail Laughinghouse
- Agronomy Department, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida / IFAS, Davie, Florida, 33314, USA
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Nuryadi H, Sumimoto S, Teruya T, Suenaga K, Suda S. Characterization of Macroscopic Colony-Forming Filamentous Cyanobacteria from Okinawan Coasts as Potential Sources of Bioactive Compounds. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:824-835. [PMID: 33244658 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-10010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine macroscopic colony-forming filamentous (MMCFF) cyanobacteria are considered as prolific producers of bioactive compounds. Thus, knowledge of the diversity of MMCFF cyanobacteria as related to bioactive compound production has become very important. However, basic taxonomic studies of MMCFF cyanobacteria are lacking. Many cyanobacterial taxa are still misidentified or undescribed. In this study, a total of 32 cyanobacterial colonies from nine coastal regions of Okinawa Prefecture were investigated for a diversity assessment. A polyphasic approach including morphological and molecular studies based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was performed to characterize Okinawan MMCFF cyanobacteria. Both morphological and molecular phylogenetic results showed that MMCFF cyanobacteria from Okinawan coasts are very diverse. We found morphotypes of Lyngbya-like, Phormidium-like, and Leptolyngbya-like groups among Okinawan cyanobacterial samples. Genetically, samples were distributed in various clades in the phylogenetic tree, including within Moorena, Okeania, Caldora, Neolyngbya, Dapis, as well as several unknown clades. In addition, cytotoxic activities of three samples from Kiyan coast were tested against HeLa cells. All three crude extracts of these samples showed strong cytotoxic activity with IC50 < 1 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handung Nuryadi
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shimpei Sumimoto
- Department of Material and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Teruya
- Faculty of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kiyotake Suenaga
- Department of Chemistry, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Suda
- Faculty of Science, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan.
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9
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Untangling filamentous marine cyanobacterial diversity from the coast of South Florida with the description of Vermifilaceae fam. nov. and three new genera: Leptochromothrix gen. nov., Ophiophycus gen. nov., and Vermifilum gen. nov. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 160:107010. [PMID: 33186689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Benthic cyanobacterial mats are an integral component of aquatic communities in tropical marine waters. These mats can develop into massive nuisances at risk of expansion due to climate change. The extent of diversity occurring within these mats, still remains largely unexplored, especially in Florida. To reveal this diversity, coastal environments of South Florida were sampled and subsequently processed for isolation and systematic identification. Three new genera are proposed based on the molecular phylogeny, morphology, and ecology. These new genera are characterized by discoid cells and homocytous, unbranched filaments without sheaths. Individual genus morphological differences include either rounded bent, rounded, or conical rounded apical cells. A unique molecular fingerprint including a base pair insert within the 16S rRNA gene sequence and genetic similarities facilitates the delimitation of a novel family Vermifilaceae. Using the polyphasic approach, our research presents three new genera and four new species of marine cyanobacteria inhabiting coastal ecosystems of South Florida.
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10
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Laxaphycins B5 and B6 from the cultured cyanobacterium UIC 10484. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:526-533. [PMID: 32235860 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two laxaphycin type-B cyclic dodecapeptides, laxaphycins B5 and B6, were obtained from UIC 10484, a freshwater cf. Phormidium sp. Analysis using the 16S rRNA sequence found UIC 10484 to clade with UIC 10045, a known laxaphycin type-A and -B producer, and MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of two novel laxaphycin type-B compounds. The structures of the metabolites were elucidated using 2D NMR and MS/MS. The absolute configurations of the amino acids were determined by advanced Marfey's analysis. Both metabolites were evaluated against the same three cancer cell lines. The IC50 of both laxaphycins B5 and B6 was near 1 μM against breast cancer MDA-MB-231, melanoma MDA-MB-435, and ovarian cancer OVCAR3 cell lines.
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Fuentes-Tristan S, Parra-Saldivar R, Iqbal HMN, Carrillo-Nieves D. Bioinspired biomolecules: Mycosporine-like amino acids and scytonemin from Lyngbya sp. with UV-protection potentialities. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2019; 201:111684. [PMID: 31733505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of life on Earth, cyanobacteria have been exposed to natural ultraviolet-A radiation (UV-A, 315-400 nm) and ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm), affecting their cells' biomolecules. These photoautotrophic organisms have needed to evolve to survive and thus, have developed different mechanisms against ultraviolet radiation. These mechanisms include UVR avoidance, DNA repair, and cell protection by producing photoprotective compounds like Scytonemin, carotenoids, and Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs). Lyngbya marine species are commercially important due to their secondary metabolites that show a range of biological activities including antibacterial, insecticidal, anticancer, antifungal, and enzyme inhibitor. The main topic in this review covers the Lyngbya sp., a cyanobacteria genus that presents photoprotection provided by the UV-absorbing/screening compounds such as MAAs and Scytonemin. These compounds have considerable potentialities to be used in the cosmeceutical, pharmaceutical, biotechnological and biomedical sectors and other related manufacturing industries with an additional value of environment friendly in nature. Scytonemin has UV protectant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and antioxidant activity. MAAs act as sunscreens, provide additional protection as antioxidants, can be used as UV protectors, activators of cell proliferation, skin-care products, and even as photo-stabilizing additives in paints, plastics, and varnishes. The five MAAs identified so far in Lyngbya sp. are Asterina-330, M-312, Palythine, Porphyra-334, and Shinorine are capable of dissipating absorbed radiation as harmless heat without producing reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Fuentes-Tristan
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldivar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico.
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico.
| | - Danay Carrillo-Nieves
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Av. General Ramón Corona 2514, Nuevo México, Zapopan C.P. 45138, Jalisco, Mexico.
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12
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Riba M, Kiss-Szikszai A, Gonda S, Boros G, Vitál Z, Borsodi AK, Krett G, Borics G, Ujvárosi AZ, Vasas G. Microcystis Chemotype Diversity in the Alimentary Tract of Bigheaded Carp. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E288. [PMID: 31121822 PMCID: PMC6563263 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cyanobacterial organisms included in the genus Microcystis can produce a wide repertoire of secondary metabolites. In the mid-2010s, summer cyanobacterial blooms of Microcystis sp. occurred regularly in Lake Balaton. During this period, we investigated how the alimentary tract of filter-feeding bigheaded carps could deliver different chemotypes of viable cyanobacteria with specific peptide patterns. Twenty-five Microcystis strains were isolated from pelagic plankton samples (14 samples) and the hindguts of bigheaded carp (11 samples), and three bloom samples were collected from the scums of cyanobacterial blooms. An LC-MS/MS-based untargeted approach was used to analyze peptide patterns, which identified 36 anabaenopeptin, 17 microginin, and 13 microcystin variants. Heat map clustering visualization was used to compare the identified chemotypes. A lack of separation was observed in peptide patterns of Microcystis that originated from hindguts, water samples, and bloom-samples. Except for 13 peptides, all other congeners were detected from the viable and cultivated chemotypes of bigheaded carp. This finding suggests that the alimentary tract of bigheaded carps is not simply an extreme habitat, but may also supply the cyanobacterial strains that represent the pelagic chemotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milán Riba
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Attila Kiss-Szikszai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Gonda
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Boros
- Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Vitál
- Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Kériné Borsodi
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Krett
- Department of Microbiology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Borics
- Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-1113 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Zsuzsanna Ujvárosi
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Vasas
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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13
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Sameer Kumar R, Shakambari G, Ashokkumar B, Varalakshmi P. Inhibition of advanced glycation end products formation and inflammation in C. elegans: Studies of potential of Lyngbya sp. against expression of stress related genes and Live cell imaging. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Sameer Kumar R, Shakambari G, Ashokkumar B, Nelson DJ, John SA, Varalakshmi P. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dot-Combined Sodium 10-Amino-2-methoxyundecanoate: Studies of Proinflammatory Gene Expression and Live Cell Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:11982-11992. [PMID: 30320283 PMCID: PMC6173567 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria are renowned for producing bioactive secondary metabolites with great structural diversity via mixed biosynthetic pathways. Lyngbya sp., a marine cyanobacterium, produces many metabolites with anti-inflammatory potentials; nevertheless, its bioactive metabolites exercising providing protection against inflammation has been deciphered inadequate. In this study, the ethanolic fraction of the Lyngbya sp. extract was purified and identified as sodium 10-amino-2-methoxyundecanoate (SAM) using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spray ionization-mass spectroscopy. SAM showed prominent inhibition of inflammation, which was analyzed by reactive oxygen species generation and nitric oxide (NO) inhibition assay. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory potentials of SAM were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, which evidenced prominent decrease in COX-2 expression (∼90%) with SAM-treated cells than the control. Subsequently, a semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis also revealed the downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κß, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 gene expression in SAM-treated LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. To further enhance the delivery of SAM into the cells, it was combined with N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) for the anti-inflammatory potentials. It resulted in improved downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κß, IL-1α, IL-1ß, IL-4, and IL-6 than cells treated with SAM alone. Conclusively, N-GQDs combined with SAM have the effective therapeutic potential as an inhibitor of inflammation by modulating the expression of different cytokine genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rai Sameer Kumar
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
| | - Ganeshan Shakambari
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
| | - Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
| | - D. James Nelson
- Department
of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil
Nadu, India 624 302
| | - S. Abraham John
- Department
of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamil
Nadu, India 624 302
| | - Perumal Varalakshmi
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, and Department of
Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India 625 021
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15
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Engene N, Tronholm A, Paul VJ. Uncovering cryptic diversity of Lyngbya: the new tropical marine cyanobacterial genus Dapis (Oscillatoriales). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2018; 54:435-446. [PMID: 29791035 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria comprise an extraordinarily diverse group of microorganisms and, as revealed by increasing molecular information, this biodiversity is even more extensive than previously estimated. In this sense, the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya is a highly polyphyletic group composed of many unrelated taxa with morphological similarities. In this study, the new genus Dapis was erected from the genus Lyngbya, based on a combined molecular, chemical, and morphological approach. Herein, two new species of cyanobacteria are described: D. pleousa and D. pnigousa. Our analyses found these species to be widely distributed and abundant in tropical and subtropical marine habitats. Seasonally, both species have the ability to form extensive algal blooms in marine habitats: D. pleousa in shallow-water, soft bottom habitats and D. pnigousa on coral reefs below depths of 10 m. Electron microscopy showed that D. pleousa contains gas vesicles, a character not previously reported in Lyngbya. These gas vesicles, in conjunction with a mesh-like network of filaments that trap oxygen released from photosynthesis, provide this species with an unusual mechanism to disperse in coastal marine waters, allowing D. pleousa to be present in both benthic and planktonic forms. In addition, both D. pleousa and D. pnigousa contained nitrogen-fixing genes as well as bioactive secondary metabolites. Several specimens of D. pnigousa biosynthesized the secondary metabolite lyngbic acid, a molecule that has also been isolated from many other marine cyanobacteria. Dapis pleousa consistently produced the secondary metabolite malyngolide, which may provide a promising chemotaxonomic marker for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Engene
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Ana Tronholm
- Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, 33199, USA
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
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16
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Neolyngbya gen. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriaceae): A new filamentous benthic marine taxon widely distributed along the Brazilian coast. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 120:196-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Robin A, Chavel P, Chemodanov A, Israel A, Golberg A. Diversity of monosaccharides in marine macroalgae from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Manivannan P, Muralitharan G, Balaji NP. Prediction aided in vitro analysis of octa-decanoic acid from Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. as a proapoptotic factor in eliciting anti-inflammatory properties. Bioinformation 2017; 13:301-306. [PMID: 29081609 PMCID: PMC5651223 DOI: 10.6026/97320630013301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine Lyngbya has been proven as a potent anticancer agent by disrupting microfilament network. Lyngbya and its associated
cyanobacterial compounds have been stressed for futuristic advancements in cancer research and have foreseen explicit advancements
in the recent era. Moreover, compounds like lyngbyabellins, lyngbyastatins and other derived toxins are significantly studied.
Therefore it is of interest to study the efficacies of Lyngbya fatty acid derivatives. Cytotoxicity and DNA laddering studies proves the
efficiency and safety of marine Lyngbya. Caspase - 3 along with MMP2 and MMP9 affirms the anti-inflammatory properties.
Molecular docking shows that Octadecanoic acid has strong binding affinity to MMP-2. The role of octadecanoic acid as a proapoptotic
factor in emancipation of inflammation apart from inducing apoptosis is of interest to study in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramasivan Manivannan
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gangatharan Muralitharan
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Nainangu Prasanna Balaji
- Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli - 620024, Tamilnadu, India
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19
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Ritson-Williams R, Ross C, Paul VJ. Elevated Temperature and Allelopathy Impact Coral Recruitment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166581. [PMID: 27926916 PMCID: PMC5142781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As climate change continues to alter seawater temperature and chemistry on a global scale, coral reefs show multiple signs of degradation. One natural process that could facilitate the recovery of reef ecosystems is coral recruitment, which can be influenced by the benthic organisms in a local habitat. We experimentally tested both a global stressor (increased seawater temperature) and a local stressor (exposure to microcolin A, a natural product from a common marine benthic cyanobacterium) to determine how these stressors impacted coral larval sublethal stress, survival and settlement. Larvae of Porites astreoides had the same survival and settlement as the controls after exposure to increased temperature alone, but elevated temperature did cause oxidative stress. When exposed to natural concentrations of microcolin A, larval survival and settlement were significantly reduced. When larvae were exposed to these two stressors sequentially there was no interactive effect; but when exposed to both stressors simultaneously, there was a synergistic reduction in larval survival and an increase in oxidative stress more than in either stressor treatment alone. Increased seawater temperatures made larvae more susceptible to a concurrent local stressor disrupting a key process of coral reef recovery and resilience. These results highlight the importance of understanding how interactive stressors of varying spatial scales can impact coral demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Ritson-Williams
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Cliff Ross
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
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20
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Vijayakumar S, Manogar P, Prabhu S. Potential therapeutic targets and the role of technology in developing novel cannabinoid drugs from cyanobacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:362-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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21
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Kiryu Y, Landsberg JH, Peters EC, Tichenor E, Burleson C, Perry N. Pathological effects of cyanobacteria on sea fans in southeast Florida. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 129:13-27. [PMID: 25958261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In early August 2008, observations by divers indicated that sea fans, particularly Gorgonia ventalina, Gorgonia flabellum, and Iciligorgia schrammi, were being covered by benthic filamentous cyanobacteria. From August 2008 through January 2009 and again in April 2009, tissue samples from a targeted G. ventalina colony affected by cyanobacteria and from a nearby, apparently healthy (without cyanobacteria) control colony, were collected monthly for histopathological examination. The primary cellular response of the sea fan to overgrowth by cyanobacteria was an increase in the number of acidophilic amoebocytes (with their granular contents dispersed) that were scattered throughout the coenenchyme tissue. Necrosis of scleroblasts and zooxanthellae and infiltration of degranulated amoebocytes were observed in the sea fan surface tissues at sites overgrown with cyanobacteria. Fungal hyphae in the axial skeleton were qualitatively more prominent in cyanobacteria-affected sea fans than in controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kiryu
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - J H Landsberg
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - E C Peters
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - E Tichenor
- Palm Beach County Reef Rescue, Boynton Beach, FL 33425, USA.
| | - C Burleson
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
| | - N Perry
- Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI), Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC), 100 Eighth Avenue SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA.
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22
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Morgan JB, Liu Y, Coothankandaswamy V, Mahdi F, Jekabsons MB, Gerwick WH, Valeriote FA, Zhou YD, Nagle DG. Kalkitoxin inhibits angiogenesis, disrupts cellular hypoxic signaling, and blocks mitochondrial electron transport in tumor cells. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1552-68. [PMID: 25803180 PMCID: PMC4377999 DOI: 10.3390/md13031552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The biologically active lipopeptide kalkitoxin was previously isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens (Lyngbya majuscula). Kalkitoxin exhibited N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated neurotoxicity and acted as an inhibitory ligand for voltage-sensitive sodium channels in cultured rat cerebellar granule neurons. Subsequent studies revealed that kalkitoxin generated a delayed form of colon tumor cell cytotoxicity in 7-day clonogenic cell survival assays. Cell line- and exposure time-dependent cytostatic/cytotoxic effects were previously observed with mitochondria-targeted inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). The transcription factor HIF-1 functions as a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated the ability of kalkitoxin to inhibit hypoxic signaling in human tumor cell lines. Kalkitoxin potently and selectively inhibited hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1 in T47D breast tumor cells (IC50 5.6 nM). Mechanistic studies revealed that kalkitoxin inhibits HIF-1 activation by suppressing mitochondrial oxygen consumption at electron transport chain (ETC) complex I (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase). Further studies indicate that kalkitoxin targets tumor angiogenesis by blocking the induction of angiogenic factors (i.e., VEGF) in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brian Morgan
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Veena Coothankandaswamy
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Mika B Jekabsons
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 920933, USA.
| | - Frederick A Valeriote
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Dale G Nagle
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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23
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Yamashiro H, Isomura N, Sakai K. Bloom of the cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii on the gorgonian coral Annella reticulata in Japan. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6032. [PMID: 25112498 PMCID: PMC4129413 DOI: 10.1038/srep06032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral populations are in decline due to environmental changes and biological attacks by predators and infectious diseases. Here, we report a localized bloom of the benthic filamentous cyanobacterium Moorea bouillonii (formerly Lyngbya bouillonii) observed exclusively on the gorgonian (sea fan) coral Annella reticulata at around 20 m depth in Japan. The degree of infection has reached 26% among different sizes of Annella colonies. Thick and continuous growth of Moorea may be sustained partly by symbiotic alpheid shrimp, which affix Moorea filaments to gorgonian corals for use as food and shelter. Most filaments get entangled on the coral colony, some penetrate into the stem of the coral with a swollen end like a root hair, which appears to function as an anchor in Annella. In addition to the cyanobacterium–shrimp interaction, the new trait of anchoring by the cyanobacterium into gorgonian coral may contribute to persistence of this bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Yamashiro
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
| | - Naoko Isomura
- Department of Bioresources, Okinawa National College of Technology, Henoko 905, Okinawa 905-2192, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakai
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa 905-0227, Japan
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24
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Engene N, Paul VJ, Byrum T, Gerwick WH, Thor A, Ellisman MH. Five chemically rich species of tropical marine cyanobacteria of the genus Okeania gen. nov. (Oscillatoriales, Cyanoprokaryota). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2013; 49:1095-1106. [PMID: 27007630 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An adverse consequence of applying morphology-based taxonomic systems to catalog cyanobacteria, which generally are limited in the number of available morphological characters, is a fundamental underestimation of natural biodiversity. In this study, we further dissect the polyphyletic cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya and delineate the new genus Okeania gen. nov. Okeania is a tropical and subtropical, globally distributed marine group abundant in the shallow-water benthos. Members of Okeania are of considerable ecological and biomedical importance because specimens within this group biosynthesize biologically active secondary metabolites and are known to form blooms in coastal benthic environments. Herein, we describe five species of the genus Okeania: O. hirsuta (type species of the genus), O. plumata, O. lorea, O. erythroflocculosa, and O. comitata, under the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants. All five Okeania species were morphologically, phylogenetically, and chemically distinct. This investigation provides a classification system that is able to identify Okeania spp. and predict their production of bioactive secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Engene
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | - Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida, 34949, USA
| | - Tara Byrum
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Andrea Thor
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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25
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Liu H, Liu Y, Wang Z, Xing X, Maguire AR, Luesch H, Zhang H, Xu Z, Ye T. Total synthesis and biological evaluation of grassypeptolide A. Chemistry 2013; 19:6774-84. [PMID: 23536467 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe in full our investigations into the synthesis of grassypeptolide A (1) in 17 linear steps with an overall yield of 11.3 %. In particular, this work features the late-stage introduction of sensitive bis(thiazoline) heterocycles and 31-membered macrocyclization conducted at the sterically congested secondary amide site in superb conversion (72 % yield). Biological evaluation indicated that grassypeptolide A significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It induced cancer cell apoptosis, which was associated with increased cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and decreased expression of bcl-2 and bcl-xL. Furthermore, grassypeptolide A also caused cell cycle redistribution by increasing cells in the G1 phase and decreasing cells in the S and G2 phases. In addition, cell cycle arrest was correlated with downregulation of cyclin D and upregulation of p27 and p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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26
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Phylogenetic inferences reveal a large extent of novel biodiversity in chemically rich tropical marine cyanobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:1882-8. [PMID: 23315747 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03793-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Benthic marine cyanobacteria are known for their prolific biosynthetic capacities to produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites with biomedical application and their ability to form cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms. In an effort to provide taxonomic clarity to better guide future natural product drug discovery investigations and harmful algal bloom monitoring, this study investigated the taxonomy of tropical and subtropical natural product-producing marine cyanobacteria on the basis of their evolutionary relatedness. Our phylogenetic inferences of marine cyanobacterial strains responsible for over 100 bioactive secondary metabolites revealed an uneven taxonomic distribution, with a few groups being responsible for the vast majority of these molecules. Our data also suggest a high degree of novel biodiversity among natural product-producing strains that was previously overlooked by traditional morphology-based taxonomic approaches. This unrecognized biodiversity is primarily due to a lack of proper classification systems since the taxonomy of tropical and subtropical, benthic marine cyanobacteria has only recently been analyzed by phylogenetic methods. This evolutionary study provides a framework for a more robust classification system to better understand the taxonomy of tropical and subtropical marine cyanobacteria and the distribution of natural products in marine cyanobacteria.
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27
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Abstract
This review covers the literature on the chemically mediated ecology of cyanobacteria, including ultraviolet radiation protection, feeding-deterrence, allelopathy, resource competition, and signalling. To highlight the chemical and biological diversity of this group of organisms, evolutionary and chemotaxonomical studies are presented. Several technologically relevant aspects of cyanobacterial chemical ecology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro N Leão
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Center for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
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28
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Engene N, Choi H, Esquenazi E, Byrum T, Villa FA, Cao Z, Murray TF, Dorrestein PC, Gerwick L, Gerwick WH. Phylogeny-guided isolation of ethyl tumonoate A from the marine cyanobacterium cf. Oscillatoria margaritifera. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1737-1743. [PMID: 21751786 PMCID: PMC3163041 DOI: 10.1021/np200236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary relationships of cyanobacteria, as inferred by their SSU (16S) rRNA genes, were used as predictors of their potential to produce varied secondary metabolites. The evolutionary relatedness in geographically distant cyanobacterial specimens was then used as a guide for the detection and isolation of new variations of predicted molecules. This phylogeny-guided isolation approach for new secondary metabolites was tested in its capacity to direct the search for specific classes of new natural products from Curaçao marine cyanobacteria. As a result, we discovered ethyl tumonoate A (1), a new tumonoic acid derivative with anti-inflammatory activity and inhibitory activity of calcium oscillations in neocortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - William H. Gerwick
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: (858) 534-0578. Fax: (858) 534-0529.
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29
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Engene N, Rottacker EC, Kaštovský J, Byrum T, Choi H, Ellisman MH, Komárek J, Gerwick WH. Moorea producens gen. nov., sp. nov. and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov., tropical marine cyanobacteria rich in bioactive secondary metabolites. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 62:1171-1178. [PMID: 21724952 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.033761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous cyanobacterial genus Moorea gen. nov., described here under the provisions of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, is a cosmopolitan pan-tropical group abundant in the marine benthos. Members of the genus Moorea are photosynthetic (containing phycocyanin, phycoerythrin, allophycocyanin and chlorophyll a), but non-diazotrophic (lack heterocysts and nitrogenase reductase genes). The cells (discoid and 25-80 µm wide) are arranged in long filaments (<10 cm in length) and often form extensive mats or blooms in shallow water. The cells are surrounded by thick polysaccharide sheaths covered by a rich diversity of heterotrophic micro-organisms. A distinctive character of this genus is its extraordinarily rich production of bioactive secondary metabolites. This is matched by genomes rich in polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase biosynthetic genes which are dedicated to secondary metabolism. The encoded natural products are sometimes responsible for harmful algae blooms and, due to morphological resemblance to the genus Lyngbya, this group has often been incorrectly cited in the literature. We here describe two species of the genus Moorea: Moorea producens sp. nov. (type species of the genus) with 3L(T) as the nomenclature type, and Moorea bouillonii comb. nov. with PNG5-198(R) as the nomenclature type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Engene
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin C Rottacker
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jan Kaštovský
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tara Byrum
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark H Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiří Komárek
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Science, Dukelská 135, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - William H Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Engene N, Choi H, Esquenazi E, Rottacker EC, Ellisman MH, Dorrestein PC, Gerwick WH. Underestimated biodiversity as a major explanation for the perceived rich secondary metabolite capacity of the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya. Environ Microbiol 2011; 13:1601-10. [PMID: 21477107 PMCID: PMC3131211 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Marine cyanobacteria are prolific producers of bioactive secondary metabolites responsible for harmful algal blooms as well as rich sources of promising biomedical lead compounds. The current study focused on obtaining a clearer understanding of the remarkable chemical richness of the cyanobacterial genus Lyngbya. Specimens of Lyngbya from various environmental habitats around Curaçao were analysed for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites by genetic screening of their biosynthetic pathways. The presence of biosynthetic pathways was compared with the production of corresponding metabolites by LC-ESI-MS² and MALDI-TOF-MS. The comparison of biosynthetic capacity and actual metabolite production revealed no evidence of genetic silencing in response to environmental conditions. On a cellular level, the metabolic origin of the detected metabolites was pinpointed to the cyanobacteria, rather than the sheath-associated heterotrophic bacteria, by MALDI-TOF-MS and multiple displacement amplification of single cells. Finally, the traditional morphology-based taxonomic identifications of these Lyngbya populations were combined with their phylogenetic relationships. As a result, polyphyly of morphologically similar cyanobacteria was identified as the major explanation for the perceived chemical richness of the genus Lyngbya, a result which further underscores the need to revise the taxonomy of this group of biomedically important cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Engene
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Esquenazi
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin C. Rottacker
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. Ellisman
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Departments of Pharmacology, Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Paul VJ, Ritson-Williams R, Sharp K. Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 28:345-87. [PMID: 21125086 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Smithsonian Institution, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA.
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Matthew S, Ratnayake R, Becerro MA, Ritson-Williams R, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Intramolecular modulation of serine protease inhibitor activity in a marine cyanobacterium with antifeedant properties. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1803-16. [PMID: 20631871 PMCID: PMC2901826 DOI: 10.3390/md8061803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracts of the Floridian marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya cf. confervoides were found to deter feeding by reef fish and sea urchins (Diadema antillarum). This antifeedant activity may be a reflection of the secondary metabolite content, known to be comprised of many serine protease inhibitors. Further chemical and NMR spectroscopic investigation led us to isolate and structurally characterize a new serine protease inhibitor 1 that is formally derived from an intramolecular condensation of largamide D (2). The cyclization resulted in diminished activity, but to different extents against two serine proteases tested. This finding suggests that cyanobacteria can endogenously modulate the activity of their protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Matthew
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Ranjala Ratnayake
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Mikel A. Becerro
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (R.R.-W.)
| | - Raphael Ritson-Williams
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (R.R.-W.)
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; E-Mails: (M.A.B.); (R.R.-W.)
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; E-Mails: (S.M.); (R.R.)
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Gunasekera SP, Miller MW, Kwan JC, Luesch H, Paul VJ. Molassamide, a depsipeptide serine protease inhibitor from the marine cyanobacterium Dichothrix utahensis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:459-462. [PMID: 20020755 DOI: 10.1021/np900603f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new dolastatin 13 analogue, molassamide (1), was isolated from cyanobacterial assemblages of Dichothrix utahensis collected from the Molasses Reef, Key Largo, Florida, and from Brewer's Bay, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. This is the first peptide reported from the cyanobacterial genus Dichothrix and the first natural product isolated from marine Dichothrix spp. Its planar structure was determined by NMR spectroscopic techniques, and the configurations of the asymmetric centers were assigned after chiral HPLC analysis of the hydrolysis products. The depsipeptide 1 exhibited protease-inhibitory activity, with IC(50) values of 0.032 and 0.234 muM against elastase and chymotrypsin, respectively. There was no apparent inhibition of trypsin at 10 microM, the highest concentration tested.
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Matthew S, Paul VJ, Luesch H. Tiglicamides A-C, cyclodepsipeptides from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:2058-63. [PMID: 19815244 PMCID: PMC2787822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Floridian marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya confervoides afforded cyclodepsipeptides, termed tiglicamides A-C (1-3), along with their previously reported analogues largamides A-C (4-6), all of which possess an unusual tiglic acid moiety. Their structures were deduced by one- and two-dimensional NMR combined with mass spectrometry and the absolute configurations established by chiral HPLC and Marfey's analysis of the degradation products. Compounds 1-3 moderately inhibited porcine pancreatic elastase in vitro with IC(50) values from 2.14 to 7.28 microM. Compounds 1-6 differ from each other by one amino acid residue within the cyclic core structure, suggesting an unusually relaxed substrate specificity of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase that is the putative biosynthetic enzyme responsible for the corresponding amino acid incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Matthew
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Valerie J. Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, Florida 34949, USA
| | - Hendrik Luesch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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