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Sousa JM, Barbosa A, Araújo D, Castro J, Azevedo NF, Cerqueira L, Almeida C. Evaluation of Simultaneous Growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes in Ground Beef Samples in Different Growth Media. Foods 2024; 13:2095. [PMID: 38998601 PMCID: PMC11240903 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Several multiplex approaches for the simultaneous detection of pathogens in food have been developed in recent years, but the use of a single enrichment medium remains a problem. In this study, six enrichment broths (five non-selective media, tryptic soy broth (TSB), brain heart infusion broth (BHI), buffered peptone water (BPW), universal pre-enrichment broth (UPB), no. 17 broth, and a selective, Salmonella Escherichia Listeria broth (SEL)), were studied for the simultaneous detection of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes, to validate the suitable enrichment broth to be used for the detection methods. Different ratios of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and L. monocytogenes were used. Almost all non-selective broths evaluated in this study showed similar growth parameters and profiles among each other. The only selective enrichment broth under analysis (SEL) showed distinct growth features compared to the non-selective media, allowing for a slower but balanced growth of the three pathogens, which could be beneficial in preventing the overgrowth of fast-growing bacteria. In addition, when tested in ground beef samples, SEL broth seems to be the most distinctive medium with a balanced growth pattern observed for the three pathogens. Overall, this study is intended to provide the basis for the selection of suitable enrichment broths according to the technology detection to be used, the desired time of enrichment, and the expected balanced concentration of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mário Sousa
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Barbosa
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Araújo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Castro
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Nuno Filipe Azevedo
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Cerqueira
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE-Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Rua dos Lagidos, Lugar da Madalena, Vairão, 4485-655 Vila do Conde, Portugal
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Costa-Ribeiro A, Lamas A, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Evaluation of the Novel mTA10 Selective Broth, MSB, for the Co-Enrichment and Detection of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157 and Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Salad Samples. Foods 2023; 13:63. [PMID: 38201091 PMCID: PMC10778508 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiplex assays implementing DNA-based methods have been demonstrated as suitable alternatives to culture-based microbiological methods; however, in most cases, they still require a suitable enrichment step. Finding suitable enrichment conditions for different bacteria may result in challenges. In the present study, a novel selective broth named MSB (mTA10 selective broth) was formulated for the simultaneous recovery of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. Attention was paid to ensure the optimal enrichment of L. monocytogenes as its enrichment is more challenging. To this end, cellobiose was added to increase the growth of L. monocytogenes, and sodium pyruvate was also added to improve the recovery of stressed bacteria. Four selective agents were added, namely nalidixic acid, sodium cholate, lithium chloride and potassium tellurite, to control the growth of interfering microorganisms. It was concluded that the novel broth was suitable for the simultaneous enrichment of the target pathogens, allowing them to reach concentrations higher than 7 log CFU/mL for each bacterium in pure culture. Furthermore, all heavily contaminated ready-to-eat salad samples reached concentrations higher than 5 log CFU/g. Finally, after 24 h of enrichment of spiked salad, it was possible to detect concentrations below 10 CFU/25 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Costa-Ribeiro
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Alexandre Lamas
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Marta Prado
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
- Food Hygiene, Inspection and Control Laboratory (Lhica), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology, Veterinary School, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (A.C.-R.); (M.P.)
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3
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Phasunon R, Taengphu S, Panphut W, Chatchaiphan S, Dong HT, Senapin S. Improving the diagnosis of Streptococcus iniae using a novel probe-based qPCR assay combined with an enrichment step. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1391-1401. [PMID: 37723600 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus iniae is a bacterial pathogen that causes streptococcosis, leading to significant losses in fish aquaculture globally. This study reported a newly developed probe-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method for the detection of S. iniae. The primers and probes were designed to target the lactate oxidase gene. The optimized method demonstrated a detection limit of 20 copies per reaction and was specific to S. iniae, as evidenced by no cross-reactivity when assayed against genetic materials extracted from 23 known aquatic animal pathogens, and fish samples infected with Streptococcus agalactiae or Streptococcus dysgalactiae. To validate the newly developed qPCR protocol with field samples, fish specimens were systematically investigated following the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations & Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific three diagnostic levels approach, which integrated basic and advanced techniques for disease diagnosis, including observation of gross signs (level I), bacterial isolation (level II), qPCR and 16S rDNA sequencing (level III). The result showed that 7/7 affected farms (three Asian seabass farms and four tilapia farms) experiencing clinical signs of streptococcosis were diagnosed positive for S. iniae. qPCR assays using DNA extracted directly from fish tissue detected S. iniae in 11 out of 36 fish samples (30.6%), while 24 out of 36 samples (66.7%) tested positive after an enrichment step, including apparently healthy fish from affected farms. Bacterial isolation of S. iniae was only successful in a proportion of clinically diseased fish but not in healthy-looking fish from the same farm. Overall, the newly developed qPCR protocol combined with enrichment would be a useful tool for the diagnosis and surveillance of S. iniae infections in fish populations, thereby aiding in the disease control and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramida Phasunon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suwimon Taengphu
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wattana Panphut
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Satid Chatchaiphan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, Aquaculture and Aquatic Resources Management Program, Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), School of Environment, Resources and Development, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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Bhunia AK, Singh AK, Parker K, Applegate BM. Petri-plate, bacteria, and laser optical scattering sensor. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1087074. [PMID: 36619754 PMCID: PMC9813400 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1087074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical microbiology has paved the path forward for the development of modern biotechnology and microbial biosensing platforms. Microbial culturing and isolation using the Petri plate revolutionized the field of microbiology. In 1887, Julius Richard Petri invented possibly the most important tool in microbiology, the Petri plate, which continues to have a profound impact not only on reliably isolating, identifying, and studying microorganisms but also manipulating a microbe to study gene expression, virulence properties, antibiotic resistance, and production of drugs, enzymes, and foods. Before the recent advances in gene sequencing, microbial identification for diagnosis relied upon the hierarchal testing of a pure culture isolate. Direct detection and identification of isolated bacterial colonies on a Petri plate with a sensing device has the potential for revolutionizing further development in microbiology including gene sequencing, pathogenicity study, antibiotic susceptibility testing , and for characterizing industrially beneficial traits. An optical scattering sensor designated BARDOT (bacterial rapid detection using optical scattering technology) that uses a red-diode laser, developed at the beginning of the 21st century at Purdue University, some 220 years after the Petri-plate discovery can identify and study bacteria directly on the plate as a diagnostic tool akin to Raman scattering and hyperspectral imaging systems for application in clinical and food microbiology laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Purdue University, Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN, United States,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,*Correspondence: Arun K. Bhunia,
| | - Atul K. Singh
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Clear Labs, San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Kyle Parker
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Bruce M. Applegate
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Purdue University, Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN, United States,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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5
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Yue H, Li Y, Yang M, Mao C. T7 Phage as an Emerging Nanobiomaterial with Genetically Tunable Target Specificity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103645. [PMID: 34914854 PMCID: PMC8811829 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specific antagonists against bacteria. T7 phage has drawn massive attention in precision medicine owing to its distinctive advantages, such as short replication cycle, ease in displaying peptides and proteins, high stability and cloning efficiency, facile manipulation, and convenient storage. By introducing foreign gene into phage DNA, T7 phage can present foreign peptides or proteins site-specifically on its capsid, enabling it to become a nanoparticle that can be genetically engineered to screen and display a peptide or protein capable of recognizing a specific target with high affinity. This review critically introduces the biomedical use of T7 phage, ranging from the detection of serological biomarkers and bacterial pathogens, recognition of cells or tissues with high affinity, design of gene vectors or vaccines, to targeted therapy of different challenging diseases (e.g., bacterial infection, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, inflammatory disease, and foot-mouth disease). It also discusses perspectives and challenges in exploring T7 phage, including the understanding of its interactions with human body, assembly into scaffolds for tissue regeneration, integration with genome editing, and theranostic use in clinics. As a genetically modifiable biological nanoparticle, T7 phage holds promise as biomedical imaging probes, therapeutic agents, drug and gene carriers, and detection tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yue
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Applied Bioresource ResearchCollege of Animal ScienceZhejiang UniversityYuhangtang Road 866HangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource ResearchCollege of Animal ScienceZhejiang UniversityYuhangtang Road 866HangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310027P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryStephenson Life Science Research CenterInstitute for Biomedical Engineering, Science and TechnologyUniversity of Oklahoma101 Stephenson ParkwayNormanOklahoma73019‐5251USA
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6
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Boukharouba A, González A, García-Ferrús M, Ferrús MA, Botella S. Simultaneous Detection of Four Main Foodborne Pathogens in Ready-to-Eat Food by Using a Simple and Rapid Multiplex PCR (mPCR) Assay. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031031. [PMID: 35162055 PMCID: PMC8834630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The increasing consumption of organic or ready-to-eat food may cause serious foodborne disease outbreaks. Developing microbiological culture for detection of food-borne pathogens is time-consuming, expensive, and laborious. Thus, alternative methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are usually employed for outbreaks investigation. In this work, we aimed to develop a rapid and simple protocol for the simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli (E coli), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), by the combination of an enrichment step in a single culture broth and a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay. The effectiveness of several enrichment media was assessed by culture and PCR. Buffered peptone water (BPW) was selected as the optimum one. Then, mPCR conditions were optimized and applied both to pure co-cultures and artificially inoculated food samples (organic lettuce and minced meat). In the culture medium inoculated at 100 CFU/mL, mPCR was able to detect the four microorganisms. When performed on artificially food samples, the mPCR assy was able to detect E. coli, S. enterica, and L. monocytogenes. In conclusion, BPW broth can effectively support the simultaneous growth of E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica and could be, thus, used prior to a mPCR detection assay in ready-to-eat food, thereby considerably reducing the time, efforts and costs of analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Salut Botella
- Correspondence: (M.A.F.); (S.B.); Tel.: +34-963877423 (M.A.F.)
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Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Fuciños P, Pastrana L, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Short pre-enrichment and modified matrix lysis. A comparative study towards same-day detection of Listeria monocytogenes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Belachew T, Mulusew E, Tolosa Y, Asefa Z, Negussie H, Sori T. Prevalence and Antimicrobial-Susceptibility Profiles of Salmonella in Smallhold Broiler Supply Chains in Central Ethiopia. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:4047-4055. [PMID: 34616162 PMCID: PMC8487853 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s331249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Salmonellosis is a foodborne zoonoses found worldwide. The main purpose of this study was to isolate and identify Salmonella and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles from smallhold broilers supply chains and slaughterhouses in Bishoftu and Modjo, central Ethiopia. Methods Four smallhold broiler farms under the auspices of Chico Meat were selected randomly. Feed, water, and water- and feed-trough samples were collected from broiler farms, while cecal contents were collected from slaughtered chicken at Chico Meat slaughterhouse. Conventional bacteriological techniques were used to isolate and identify Salmonella from the samples. Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion was employed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. Results Salmonella was isolated from 131 (24.3%, 95% CI 20.74–28.15) of the 539 samples tested. Salmonella was found in 43 of the 250 samples collected from Bishoftu (22%, 95% CI 17.02%–27.65%) and 76 of the 289 samples collected from Modjo (26.29%, 95% CI 21.32%–31.77%). Salmonella was isolated from 26.46% of the cloacal samples, 21% of the cecal contents, 30.77% of the feed samples, 25% of the water samples, 22.22% of samples from feed troughs, and 20% of samples from water troughs. The highest level of resistance (80.81%) was observed against tetracycline, followed by kanamycin (71.72%), chloramphenicol and amoxicillin (67.68%), sulfamethazole–trimethoprim (61.62%), naldixic acid (63.64%), and streptomycin (59.60%), whereas most of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin (69.70%). Resistance to more than two drugs was also observed. Conclusion Salmonella was found in high prevalence in broilers, their feed, and their environment. Moreover, a majority of the isolates were resistant to most antimicrobials used in medical and poultry practices. This has significant implications for public health and antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Belachew
- Epidemiology Unit, Asella Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Asella, Oromia State, Ethiopia
| | - Eyuel Mulusew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia State, Ethiopia
| | - Yonas Tolosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia State, Ethiopia
| | - Zerihun Asefa
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia State, Ethiopia
| | - Haileleul Negussie
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia State, Ethiopia
| | - Teshale Sori
- Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Oromia State, Ethiopia
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Antibody- and nucleic acid-based lateral flow immunoassay for Listeria monocytogenes detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:4161-4180. [PMID: 34041576 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an invasive opportunistic foodborne pathogen and its routine surveillance is critical for protecting the food supply and public health. The traditional detection methods are time-consuming and require trained personnel. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), on the other hand, is an easy-to-perform, rapid point-of-care test and has been widely used as an inexpensive surveillance tool. In recent times, nucleic acid-based lateral flow immunoassays (NALFIA) are also developed to improve sensitivity and specificity. A significant improvement in lateral flow-based assays has been reported in recent years, especially the ligands (antibodies, nucleic acids, aptamers, bacteriophage), labeling molecules, and overall assay configurations to improve detection sensitivity, specificity, and automated interpretation of results. In most commercial applications, LFIA has been used with enriched food/environmental samples to ensure detection of live cells thus prolonging the assay time to 24-48 h; however, with the recent improvement in LFIA sensitivity, results can be obtained in less than 8 h with shortened and improved enrichment practices. Incorporation of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and/or immunomagnetic separation could significantly improve LFIA sensitivity for near-real-time point-of-care detection of L. monocytogenes for food safety and public health applications.
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Xu L, Bai X, Tenguria S, Liu Y, Drolia R, Bhunia AK. Mammalian Cell-Based Immunoassay for Detection of Viable Bacterial Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575615. [PMID: 33329436 PMCID: PMC7732435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid detection of live pathogens is of paramount importance to ensure food safety. At present, nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction and antibody-based lateral flow assays are the primary methods of choice for rapid detection, but these are prone to interference from inhibitors, and resident microbes. Moreover, the positive results may neither assure virulence potential nor viability of the analyte. In contrast, the mammalian cell-based assay detects pathogen interaction with the host cells and is responsive to only live pathogens, but the short shelf-life of the mammalian cells is the major impediment for its widespread application. An innovative approach to prolong the shelf-life of mammalian cells by using formalin was undertaken. Formalin (4% formaldehyde)-fixed human ileocecal adenocarcinoma cell line, HCT-8 on 24-well tissue culture plates was used for the capture of viable pathogens while an antibody was used for specific detection. The specificity of the Mammalian Cell-based ImmunoAssay (MaCIA) was validated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Typhimurium as model pathogens and further confirmed against a panel of 15 S. Enteritidis strains, 8 S. Typhimurium, 11 other Salmonella serovars, and 14 non-Salmonella spp. The total detection time (sample-to-result) of MaCIA with artificially inoculated ground chicken, eggs, milk, and cake mix at 1–10 CFU/25 g was 16–21 h using a traditional enrichment set up but the detection time was shortened to 10–12 h using direct on-cell (MaCIA) enrichment. Formalin-fixed stable cell monolayers in MaCIA provide longer shelf-life (at least 14 weeks) for possible point-of-need deployment and multi-sample testing on a single plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Xu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Shivendra Tenguria
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rishi Drolia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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11
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-enzyme 2, a new target for Listeria spp. detection identified using combined phage display technologies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15267. [PMID: 32943681 PMCID: PMC7498459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Listeria comprises ubiquitous bacteria, commonly present in foods and food production facilities. In this study, three different phage display technologies were employed to discover targets, and to generate and characterize novel antibodies against Listeria: antibody display for biomarker discovery and antibody generation; ORFeome display for target identification; and single-gene display for epitope characterization. With this approach, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex—enzyme 2 (PDC-E2) was defined as a new detection target for Listeria, as confirmed by immunomagnetic separation-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS). Immunoblot and fluorescence microscopy showed that this protein is accessible on the bacterial cell surface of living cells. Recombinant PDC-E2 was produced in E. coli and used to generate 16 additional antibodies. The resulting set of 20 monoclonal scFv-Fc was tested in indirect ELISA against 17 Listeria and 16 non-Listeria species. Two of them provided 100% sensitivity (CI 82.35–100.0%) and specificity (CI 78.20–100.0%), confirming PDC-E2 as a suitable target for the detection of Listeria. The binding region of 18 of these antibodies was analyzed, revealing that ≈ 90% (16/18) bind to the lipoyl domains (LD) of the target. The novel target PDC-E2 and highly specific antibodies against it offer new opportunities to improve the detection of Listeria.
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12
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Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Prado M, Garrido-Maestu A. Multiplex Detection of Salmonella spp., E. coli O157 and L. monocytogenes by qPCR Melt Curve Analysis in Spiked Infant Formula. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091359. [PMID: 32899815 PMCID: PMC7564587 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Food poisoning continue to be a threat in the food industry showing a need to improve the detection of the pathogen responsible for the hospitalization cases and death. DNA-based techniques represent a real advantage and allow the detection of several targets at the same time, reducing cost and time of analysis. The development of new methodology using SYBR Green qPCR for the detection of L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and E. coli O157 simultaneously was developed and a non-competitive internal amplification control (NC-IAC) was implemented to detect reaction inhibition. The formulation and supplementation of the enrichment medium was also optimized to allow the growth of all pathogens. The limit of detection (LoD) 95% obtained was <1 CFU/25 g for E. coli O157, and 2 CFU/25 g for Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes and regarding the multiplex detection a LoD 95% of 1.7 CFU/25 g was observed. The specificity, relative sensitivity and accuracy of full methodology were 100% and the use of the NC-IAC allowed the reliability of the results without interfering with the sensitivity of the methodology. The described study proved to obtain results comparable to those of probe-based qPCR, and more economically than classical high resolution melting qPCR, being both important aspects for its implementation in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Azinheiro
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
- College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
- College of Pharmacy/School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Prado
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Qu Y, Bai Y, Liu Y, Zhou C, Zhou X, Zhang D, Shi C, Suo Y. SSEL
, a selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of
Salmonella enterica
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Escherichia coli
O157
:
H7
, and
Listeria monocytogenes. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Institute of Agro‐food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Yalong Bai
- Institute of Agro‐food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Wyndmoor Pennsylvania USA
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Institute of Agro‐food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xiujuan Zhou
- MOST‐USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Donglai Zhang
- Institute of Agro‐food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Chunlei Shi
- MOST‐USDA Joint Research Center for Food Safety, School of Agriculture & Biology, State Key Lab of Microbial Metabolism Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
| | - Yujuan Suo
- Institute of Agro‐food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai China
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14
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Interaction between Bifidobacterium bifidum and Listeria monocytogenes enhances antioxidant activity through oxidoreductase system. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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15
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Wan J, Lu Z, Bie X, Lv F, Zhao H. Improvement of a new selective enrichment broth for culturing
Salmonella
in ready‐to‐eat fruits and vegetables. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wan
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Bie
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Lv
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing People's Republic of China
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16
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Koev K, Stoyanchev T, Zhelev G, Marutsov P, Gospodinova K, Urumova V. Molecular profiling and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolated in Bulgaria. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in faeces of healthy dairy cattle and to determine the sensitivity of isolates to several antimicrobial drugs. A total of 1,104 anal swab samples originating from 28 cattle farms were examined. After the primary identification, 30 strains were found to belong to serogroup О157. By means of conventional multiplex PCR, isolates were screened for presence of resistance genes stx1, stx2 and eaeА. Twenty-nine strains possesses amplicons with a size corresponding to genes stx2 and eaeA, one had amplicons also for the stx1 gene and one lacked amplicons of all three genes. Twenty-eight strains demonstrated amplicons equivalent to gene H7. The results from phenotype analysis of resistance showed preserved sensitivity to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, cephalothin, streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin and combinations sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Sensitivity to ampicillin was relatively preserved, although at a lower extent.
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17
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Parichehr M, Mohammad K, Abbas D, Mehdi K. Developing a multiplex real-time PCR with a new pre-enrichment to simultaneously detect four foodborne bacteria in milk. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:885-898. [PMID: 31368788 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to formulate a new single nonselective pre-enrichment medium (ELSS) that can support the concurrent growth of four major foodborne pathogens containing E. coli O157: H7, L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and S. enterica serovar Entertidis to develop a multiplex TaqMan Real-time PCR (mRT-PCR). Methods: The mRT-PCR with a new pre-enrichment was carried out for simultaneous detection and quantification of these foodborne bacteria. Results: By using mRT-PCR after 16 h pre-enrichment in ELSS, the detection limit of each pathogen was 1 CFU/25 ml contaminated milk, as well as inclusivity and exclusivity reached 100%. Conclusion: The mRT-PCR assay with pre-enrichment step is a fast and reliable technique for detecting single or multiple pathogens in food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moezi Parichehr
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Kargar Mohammad
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Doosti Abbas
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Khoshneviszadeh Mehdi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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18
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Kim HJ, Kwon C, Lee BS, Noh H. One-step sensing of foodborne pathogenic bacteria using a 3D paper-based device. Analyst 2019; 144:2248-2255. [PMID: 30775740 DOI: 10.1039/c8an02151a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Managing food contamination from bacteria has been an ongoing issue in the public health and industrial fields. Enzymatic substrates possessing optical properties, e.g. fluorescence or color manifestation, are widely exploited in pathogenic/non-pathogenic bacteria culture methods. Recently, various chromogenic substrates have been utilized in the development of point-of-care diagnostic tools. Herein, four types of chromogenic substrates were exploited to develop paper-based sensors for major foodborne pathogens. We designed a compact sized three-dimensional paper device with a simple user interface. By inserting functional layers in the middle of multilayers, pre-lysis and pH regulation steps were excluded and the analysis time was subsequently reduced, while only one sample droplet was needed for the whole analysis process. After the enzymatic reactions had proceeded, target-specific colors appeared. When it was combined with enrichment, 101 cfu mL-1 of pathogens were successfully detected in 4-8 hours, while those in milk samples were readily sensed in 12 hours. The proposed bacteria sensor exhibited great advantages of low cost, portability and simple operation, while showing a respectable limit-of-detection as low as 101 cfu mL-1 and below. Significantly, we emphasize that it takes fewer steps than existing methods and provides a reduced analysis time owing to the layer functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok Jung Kim
- Department of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoultech), 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea.
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19
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Abdelhaseib MU, Singh AK, Bhunia AK. Simultaneous detection of Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in food using a light scattering sensor. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1496-1507. [PMID: 30761711 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the use of a light scattering sensor, BActerial Rapid Detection using Optical scattering Technology (BARDOT) coupled with a multipathogen selective medium, Salmonella, Escherichia and Listeria (SEL), for concurrent detection of the three major foodborne pathogens in a single assay. METHODS AND RESULTS BARDOT was used to detect and distinguish the three major pathogens, Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Listeria monocytogenes from food based on colony scatter signature patterns on SEL agar (SELA). Multiple strains of three test pathogens were grown on SELA, and BARDOT was used to generate colony scatter image libraries for inclusive (SEL Library) and exclusive (non-SEL Library) bacterial group. These pathogens were further differentiated using the SEL scatter image library. Raw chicken and hotdog samples were artificially inoculated with pathogens (100 CFU per 25 g each), and enriched in SEL broth at 37°C for 18 h and colonies were grown on SELA for 11-22 h before screening with BARDOT. The BARDOT sensor successfully detected and differentiated Salmonella, STEC and Listeria on SELA with high classification accuracy 92-98%, 91-98% and 83-98% positive predictive values (PPV) respectively; whereas the nontarget strains showed only 0-13% PPV. BARDOT-identified colonies were further confirmed by multiplex PCR targeting inlB gene of L. monocytogenes, stx2 of STEC and sefA of S. enterica serovar Enteritidis. CONCLUSIONS The results show that BARDOT coupled with SELA can efficiently screen for the presence of three major pathogens simultaneously in a test sample within 29-40 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This innovative SELA-BARDOT detection platform can reduce turnaround time and economic burden on food industries by offering a label-free, noninvasive on-plate multipathogen screening technology for reducing microbial food safety and public health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- M U Abdelhaseib
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Food Hygiene Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - A K Singh
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Clear Labs, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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20
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Garrido-Maestu A, Tomás Fornés D, Prado Rodríguez M. The Use of Multiplex Real-Time PCR for the Simultaneous Detection of Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1918:35-45. [PMID: 30580397 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9000-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens continue to be a major health issue worldwide. Culture-dependent methodologies are still considered the gold-standard to perform pathogen detection and quantification. These methods present several drawbacks, such as being time-consuming and labor-intensive. The implementation of real-time PCR has allowed to overcome these limitations and even reduce costs associated with the analyses, due to the possibility of simultaneously and accurately detecting several pathogens in one single assay, with results comparable to those obtained by classical approaches. In this chapter a protocol for the simultaneous detection of two of the most important foodborne pathogens, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Garrido-Maestu
- Department of Life Sciences, Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal.
| | - David Tomás Fornés
- Nestlé Research Center, Institute Food Safety and Analytical Science, Microbial and Molecular Analytics Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta Prado Rodríguez
- Department of Life Sciences, Food Quality and Safety Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
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21
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A new single-tube platform of melting temperature curve analysis based on multiplex real-time PCR using EvaGreen for simultaneous screening detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in food. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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22
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A highly selective enrichment broth combined with real-time PCR for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food samples. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Eggers J, Feirtag JM, Olstein AD, Bosilevac JM. A Novel Selective Medium for Simultaneous Enrichment of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella in Ground Beef. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1252-1257. [PMID: 29979615 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological analysis of ground beef for contamination by both Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is performed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS), as part of its Performance Standards Verification Testing program. FSIS has established a zero tolerance for STEC serotype O157:H7 and serogroups O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 because they are regarded as adulterants. The detection and isolation of these specific serogroups presents a technical challenge necessitating time-consuming and costly laboratory procedures that often exceed the technical capabilities of many small internal and reference laboratories. We describe here a method using a novel STEC and Salmonella selective (SSS) broth that allows for simultaneous selective enrichment of STEC and Salmonella sp., providing isolation and detection from the same broth. The method only involves direct plating from beef enrichments to detect suspect isolates that can be easily confirmed by using immunoassays or PCR, rendering the isolation simpler and less costly than the current described methods. In a side-by-side comparison with modified tryptic soy broth (mTSB), the use of SSS broth resulted in primarily isolating STEC and Salmonella sp., while substantially suppressing the growth of other gram-negative Enterobacteriacae by 90%. Significantly more (χ2 < 3.84) samples containing E. coli O157:H7 and STEC O26, O111, O121, and O145 and a nondifferent (χ2 > 3.84) number of samples containing STEC O103 and O45 were identified when enriching in SSS broth. Coenrichment using six different Salmonella serovars showed numerically greater but not significant (χ2 < 3.84) positive samples by using SSS broth compared with mTSB for a majority of serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Eggers
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Joellen M Feirtag
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Alan D Olstein
- 2 Paradigm Diagnostics, Inc., 800 Transfer Road, Suite 12, St. Paul, Minnesota 55114 (ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1740-6459 )
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- 3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, Nebraska, 68933, USA
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24
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Garrido-Maestu A, Azinheiro S, Carvalho J, Fuciños P, Prado M. Development and evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification, and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification methodologies, for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat food samples. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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25
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Jin SA, Heo Y, Lin LK, Deering AJ, Chiu GTC, Allebach JP, Stanciu LA. Gold decorated polystyrene particles for lateral flow immunodetection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Suo Y, Gao S, Xie Y, Liu Y, Qu Y, Lin T, Zhou C. A multipathogen selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of
Salmonella enteria
,
Escherichia coli
O157:H7, and
Shigella flexneri. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Suo
- Institute of Agro‐Food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1000 Jinqi RoadShanghai201403 People's Republic of China
| | - Shigang Gao
- Eco‐Environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1000 Jinqi RoadShanghai201403 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanping Xie
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research UnitEastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid LaneWyndmoor Pennsylvania
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research UnitEastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 600 East Mermaid LaneWyndmoor Pennsylvania
| | - Yang Qu
- Institute of Agro‐Food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1000 Jinqi RoadShanghai201403 People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Lin
- Institute of Agro‐Food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1000 Jinqi RoadShanghai201403 People's Republic of China
| | - Changyan Zhou
- Institute of Agro‐Food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, No. 1000 Jinqi RoadShanghai201403 People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhou B, Liang T, Zhan Z, Liu R, Li F, Xu H. Rapid and simultaneous quantification of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk through multiplex real-time PCR. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8804-8813. [PMID: 28865862 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk are 2 common pathogens that cause foodborne diseases. An accurate, rapid, specific method has been developed for the simultaneous detection of viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk. Two specific genes, namely, fliC from E. coli O157:H7 and invA from Salmonella spp., were selected to design primers and probes. A combined treatment containing sodium deoxycholate (SDO) and propidium monoazide (PMA) was applied to detect viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. only. Traditional culture methods and SDO-PMA-multiplex real-time (mRT) PCR assay were applied to determine the number of viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in cell suspensions with different proportions of dead cells. These methods revealed consistent findings regarding the detected viable cells. The detection limit of the SDO-PMA-mRT-PCR assay reached 102 cfu/mL for Salmonella spp. and 102 cfu/mL for E. coli O157:H7 in milk. The detection limit of SDO-PMA-mRT-PCR for E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk was significantly similar even in the presence of 106 cfu/mL of 2 nontarget bacteria. The proposed SDO-PMA-mRT-PCR assay is a potential approach for the accurate and sensitive detection of viable E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Taobo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Zhongxu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
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28
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Ding T, Suo Y, Zhang Z, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S, Zhao Y. A Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. Detection in Raw Milk with Pre-enrichment. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:989. [PMID: 28620364 PMCID: PMC5449760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study firstly developed a multiplex real-time PCR (RT-PCR) technique combined with a pre-enrichment step to simultaneously detect Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella spp. in raw milk and the dairy farm environment (feces, soil, feed, water) in one reaction. Brain heart infusion (BHI) broth was selected for the enrichment step to increase the density of the target bacteria by using an incubation of 4 h before multiplex RT-PCR. The results showed that the detection limit of the multiplex real-time assay was approximately 102 CFU/mL for pure cultures and artificially contaminated milk without enrichment, while 12, 14, and 10 CFU/25 mL, respectively, for S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. after pre-enrichment. The newly developed multiplex RT-PCR assay was applied to 46 dairy farm environmental samples and raw milk samples covering a wide variety of sample types. The results demonstrated that the multiplex RT-PCR assay coupled with the BHI enrichment broth was suitable for the simultaneous screening of S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. in the pasture environment and in raw milk. The multiplex RT-PCR assay clearly and successfully shortened the total detection time and reduced labor compared to conventional culture-based methods for testing natural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjie Suo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Zhaohuan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghai, China
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29
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Edlind T, Brewster JD, Paoli GC. Enrichment, Amplification, and Sequence-Based Typing of Salmonella enterica and Other Foodborne Pathogens. J Food Prot 2017; 80:15-24. [PMID: 28221883 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Detection of Salmonella enterica in foods typically involves microbiological enrichment, molecular-based assay, and subsequent isolation and identification of a pure culture. This is ideally followed by strain typing, which provides information critical to the investigation of outbreaks and the attribution of their sources. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is the "gold standard" for S. enterica strain typing, but its limitations have encouraged the search for alternative methods, including whole genome sequencing. Both methods typically require a pure culture, which adds to the cost and turnaround time. A more rapid and cost-effective method with sufficient discriminatory power would benefit food industries, regulatory agencies, and public health laboratories. To address this need, a novel enrichment, amplification, and sequence-based typing (EAST) approach was developed involving (i) overnight enrichment and total DNA preparation, (ii) amplification of polymorphic tandem repeat-containing loci with electrophoretic detection, and (iii) DNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to identify related strains. EAST requires 3 days or less and provides a strain resolution that exceeds serotyping and is comparable to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Evaluation with spiked ground turkey demonstrated its sensitivity (with a starting inoculum of ≤1 CFU/g) and specificity (with unique or nearly unique alleles relative to databases of >1,000 strains). In tests with unspiked retail chicken parts, 3 of 11 samples yielded S. enterica -specific PCR products. Sequence analysis of three distinct typing targets (SeMT1, SeCRISPR1, and SeCRISPR2) revealed consistent similarities to specific serotype Schwarzengrund, Montevideo, and Typhimurium strains. EAST provides a time-saving and cost-effective approach for detecting and typing foodborne S. enterica , and postenrichment steps can be commercially outsourced to facilitate its implementation. Initial studies with Listeria monocytogenes and Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli suggest that EAST can be extended to these foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Edlind
- MicrobiType LLC, 5110 Campus Drive, Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania 19462
| | - Jeffrey D Brewster
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
| | - George C Paoli
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania 19038, USA
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Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase, a Novel Immunogenic Surface Protein on Listeria Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160544. [PMID: 27489951 PMCID: PMC4973958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous food-borne pathogen, and its presence in food or production facilities highlights the importance of surveillance. Increased understanding of the surface exposed antigens on Listeria would provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In the present work, using mass spectrometry and genetic cloning, we show that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) class II in Listeria species is the antigen target of the previously described mAb-3F8. Western and dot blot assays confirmed that the mAb-3F8 could distinguish all tested Listeria species from close-related bacteria. Localization studies indicated that FBA is present in every fraction of Listeria cells, including supernatant and the cell wall, setting Listeria spp. as one of the few bacteria described to have this protein on their cell surface. Epitope mapping using ORFeome display and a peptide membrane revealed a 14-amino acid peptide as the potential mAb-3F8 epitope. The target epitope in FBA allowed distinguishing Listeria spp. from closely-related bacteria, and was identified as part of the active site in the dimeric enzyme. However, its function in cell surface seems not to be host cell adhesion-related. Western and dot blot assays further demonstrated that mAb-3F8 together with anti-InlA mAb-2D12 could differentiate pathogenic from non-pathogenic Listeria isolated from artificially contaminated cheese. In summary, we report FBA as a novel immunogenic surface target useful for the detection of Listeria genus.
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Heredia N, Caballero C, Cárdenas C, Molina K, García R, Solís L, Burrowes V, Bartz FE, de Aceituno AF, Jaykus LA, García S, Leon J. Microbial Indicator Profiling of Fresh Produce and Environmental Samples from Farms and Packing Facilities in Northern Mexico. J Food Prot 2016; 79:1197-209. [PMID: 27357040 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To compare microbiological indicator and pathogen contamination among different types of fresh produce and environmental samples along the production chain, 636 samples of produce (rinsates from cantaloupe melons, jalapeño peppers, and tomatoes) and environmental samples (rinsates from hands of workers, soil, and water) were collected at four successive steps in the production process (from the field before harvest through the packing facility) on 11 farms in northern Mexico during 2011 and 2012. Samples were assayed for enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7, other Shiga toxigenic E. coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes) and microbial indicators (coliforms, other E. coli strains, and Enterococcus spp.). Salmonella was the only pathogen detected; it was found in one preharvest jalapeño sample (detection limits: 0.0033 CFU/ml in produce and hand samples, 0.0013 CFU/ml in water, and 0.04 CFU/g in soil). Microbial indicator profiles for produce, worker hands, and soil from jalapeño and tomato farms were similar, but cantaloupe farm samples had higher indicator levels (P < 0.05 for all comparisons) on fruit (6.5, 2.8, and 7.2 log CFU per fruit) and hands (6.6, 3.1, and 7.1 log CFU per hand) for coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococcus, respectively, and lower E. coli levels in soil (<1 CFU/g). In water from tomato farms, E. coli indicators were significantly more prevalent (70 to 89% of samples were positive; P = 0.01 to 0.02), and geometric mean levels were higher (0.3 to 0.6 log CFU/100 ml) than those in cantaloupe farm water (32 to 38% of samples were positive, geometric mean <1 CFU/100 ml). Microbial indicators were present during all production steps, but prevalence and levels were generally highest at the final on-farm production step (the packing facility) (P < 0.03 for significant comparisons). The finding that microbial contamination on produce farms is influenced by produce type and production step can inform the design of effective approaches to mitigate microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Heredia
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Léon, Apostado Postal 124-F, San Nicolás, Nuevo Léon 66451, México
| | - Cindy Caballero
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Léon, Apostado Postal 124-F, San Nicolás, Nuevo Léon 66451, México
| | - Carmen Cárdenas
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, San Nicolás, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Karina Molina
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, San Nicolás, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Rafael García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, San Nicolás, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Luisa Solís
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, San Nicolás, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Vanessa Burrowes
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Faith E Bartz
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
| | - Anna Fabiszewski de Aceituno
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 339-A Schaub Hall, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Santos García
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Apostado Postal 124-F, San Nicolás, Nuevo León 66451, México
| | - Juan Leon
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Naveen V, Hsiao CD. NrdR Transcription Regulation: Global Proteome Analysis and Its Role in Escherichia coli Viability and Virulence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157165. [PMID: 27275780 PMCID: PMC4898720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) play an important role in the synthesis of dNTPs and their expression is regulated by the transcription factors, NrdR and Fur. Recent transcriptomic studies using deletion mutants have indicated a role for NrdR in bacterial chemotaxis and in the maintenance of topoisomerase levels. However, NrdR deletion alone has no effect on bacterial growth or virulence in infected flies or in human blood cells. Furthermore, transcriptomic studies are limited to the deletion strain alone, and so are inadequate for drawing biological implications when the NrdR repressor is active or abundant. Therefore, further examination is warranted of changes in the cellular proteome in response to both NrdR overexpression, as well as deletion, to better understand its functional relevance as a bacterial transcription repressor. Here, we profile bacterial fate under conditions of overexpression and deletion of NrdR in E. coli. Biochemical assays show auxiliary zinc enhances the DNA binding activity of NrdR. We also demonstrate at the physiological level that increased nrdR expression causes a significant reduction in bacterial growth and fitness even at normal temperatures, and causes lethality at elevated temperatures. Corroborating these direct effects, global proteome analysis following NrdR overexpression showed a significant decrease in global protein expression. In parallel, studies on complementary expression of downregulated essential genes polA, eno and thiL showed partial rescue of the fitness defect caused by NrdR overexpression. Deletion of downregulated non-essential genes ygfK and trxA upon NrdR overexpression resulted in diminished bacterial growth and fitness suggesting an additional role for NrdR in regulating other genes. Moreover, in comparison with NrdR deletion, E. coli cells overexpressing NrdR showed significantly diminished adherence to human epithelial cells, reflecting decreased bacterial virulence. These results suggest that elevated expression of NrdR could be a suitable means to retard bacterial growth and virulence, as its elevated expression reduces bacterial fitness and impairs host cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vankadari Naveen
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Deng Hsiao
- Molecular Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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He P, Zhu G, Luo J, Wang H, Yan Y, Chen L, Gao W, Chen Z. Development and Application of a One-Tube Multiplex Real-Time PCR with Melting Curve Analysis for Simultaneous Detection of Five Foodborne Pathogens in Food Samples. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan He
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
| | - Jianyong Luo
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
| | - Henghui Wang
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
| | - Yong Yan
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Jiaxing Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Jiaxing 314050 P.R. China
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Ngamsom B, Esfahani MM, Phurimsak C, Lopez-Martinez MJ, Raymond JC, Broyer P, Patel P, Pamme N. Multiplex sorting of foodborne pathogens by on-chip free-flow magnetophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 918:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Fujihara M, Tabuchi H, Uegaki K. Growth kinetics of Salmonella enterica in Hajna tetrathionate broth, Rappaport broth and modified semisolid Rappaport agar. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:435-8. [PMID: 26498402 PMCID: PMC4829512 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the appropriate method for isolating Salmonella enterica, we compared the growth of S. enterica serovars using three selective enrichment media. S. enterica was more successfully isolated from artificially contaminated fecal samples after enrichment in Hajna tetrathionate broth or modified semisolid Rappaport agar than in Rappaport broth. Since most bacteria (other than motile S. enterica) do not migrate on modified semisolid Rappaport agar, the growth characteristics of S. enterica can be interpreted easily and quickly. Two S. enterica isolates did not migrate on modified semisolid Rappaport agar, but did grow in Hajna tetrathionate broth, which suggests that the combined use of these selective enrichment media is appropriate for isolating S. enterica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Fujihara
- Hokkaido Hiyama Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 281-1 Tazawamachi, Esashi, Hiyamagun, Hokkaido 043-0023, Japan
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36
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Hahm BK, Kim H, Singh AK, Bhunia AK. Pathogen enrichment device (PED) enables one-step growth, enrichment and separation of pathogen from food matrices for detection using bioanalytical platforms. J Microbiol Methods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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37
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Alcaine SD, Tilton L, Serrano MAC, Wang M, Vachet RW, Nugen SR. Phage-protease-peptide: a novel trifecta enabling multiplex detection of viable bacterial pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8177-85. [PMID: 26245682 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages represent rapid, readily targeted, and easily produced molecular probes for the detection of bacterial pathogens. Molecular biology techniques have allowed researchers to make significant advances in the bioengineering of bacteriophage to further improve speed and sensitivity of detection. Despite their host specificity, bacteriophages have not been meaningfully leveraged in multiplex detection of bacterial pathogens. We propose a proof-of-principal phage-based scheme to enable multiplex detection. Our scheme involves bioengineering bacteriophage to carry a gene for a specific protease, which is expressed during infection of the target cell. Upon lysis, the protease is released to cleave a reporter peptide, and the signal detected. Here we demonstrate the successful (i) modification of T7 bacteriophage to carry tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease; (ii) expression of TEV protease by Escherichia coli following infection by our modified T7, an average of 2000 units of protease per phage are produced during infection; and (iii) proof-of-principle detection of E. coli in 3 h after a primary enrichment via TEV protease activity using a fluorescent peptide and using a designed target peptide for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. This proof-of-principle can be translated to other phage-protease-peptide combinations to enable multiplex bacterial detection and readily adopted on multiple platforms, like MALDI-TOF MS or fluorescent readers, commonly found in labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Alcaine
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, 246 Chenoweth Laboratory, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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Bhunia AK. One day to one hour: how quickly can foodborne pathogens be detected? Future Microbiol 2015; 9:935-46. [PMID: 25302952 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens pose serious public health risks. Rapid, accurate technologies to detect a low number of target cells (1 cell/25-325 g sample) and microbial toxins are in demand in order to assess product safety in hours to up to 1 day. Varied pathogen loads and the complexity of food present a major challenge. Current culture methods, while accurate, are lengthy. New methods, using brief culturing and detection kits (antibody based, nucleic acid amplification or nano/biosensors) or a culture-independent approach coupled with nucleic acid amplification, traditionally used for viruses/parasites, can be used to obtain results in hours. A strategic approach involving two-step, rapid, high-throughput screening to rule out negatives followed by a confirmatory test could accomplish product testing in 1 h to 1 day.
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Huang J, Luo Y, Nou X. Growth of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes on Fresh-Cut Cantaloupe under Different Temperature Abuse Scenarios. J Food Prot 2015; 78:1125-31. [PMID: 26038902 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Effective cold chain management is a critical component of food safety practice. In this study, we examined the impact of commonly encountered temperature abuse scenarios on the proliferation of Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes on fresh-cut cantaloupe. Inoculated fresh-cut cantaloupe cubes were subjected to various temperature abuse conditions, and the growth of S. enterica and L. monocytogenes was determined. During 1 week of storage, Salmonella cell counts on fresh-cut cantaloupe increased by -0.26, 1.39, and 2.23 log units at 4 °C (control), 8 °C, and 12 °C (chronic temperature abuse), respectively, whereas that of L. monocytogenes increased by 0.75, 2.86, and 4.17 log units. Under intermittent temperature abuse conditions, where storage temperature fluctuated twice daily to room temperature for 30 min, Salmonella cell count increased by 2.18 log units, whereas that of L. monocytogenes increased by 1.86 log units. In contrast, terminal acute temperature abuses for 2 to 4 h resulted in upwards to 0.6 log unit for Salmonella, whereas the effect on L. monocytogenes was less significant compared with L. monocytogenes on cut cantaloupe stored at 4 °C. Significant deterioration of produce visual quality and tissue integrity, as reflected by electrolyte leakage, was also observed under various temperature abuse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Huang
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaguang Luo
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA
| | - Xiangwu Nou
- Environmental Microbial and Food Safety Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
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Chen J, Tang J, Bhunia AK, Tang C, Wang C, Shi H. Development of a multi-pathogen enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of five common foodborne pathogens. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2015; 61:224-31. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.61.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities
| | - Junni Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities
| | | | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities
| | - Changting Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities
| | - Hui Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities
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Abstract
The demand for rapid and accurate diagnosis of plant diseases has risen in the last decade. On-site diagnosis of single or multiple pathogens using portable devices is the first step in this endeavour. Despite extensive attempts to develop portable devices for pathogen detection, current technologies are still restricted to detecting known pathogens with limited detection accuracy. Developing new detection techniques for rapid and accurate detection of multiple plant pathogens and their associated variants is essential. Recent single DNA sequencing technologies are a promising new avenue for developing future portable devices for plant pathogen detection. In this review, we detail the current progress in portable devices and technologies used for detecting plant pathogens, the current position of emerging sequencing technologies for analysis of plant genomics, and the future of portable devices for rapid pathogen diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sanati Nezhad
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Gehring AG, Paoli GC, Reed SA, Tu SI, Lindsay JA. Casamino Acids and Oxyrase enhance growth of Listeria monocytogenes in multi-pathogen enrichments. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus by Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assays Using High-Resolution Melting. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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44
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Wiedmann M, Wang S, Post L, Nightingale K. Assessment criteria and approaches for rapid detection methods to be used in the food industry. J Food Prot 2014; 77:670-90. [PMID: 24680083 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The number of commercially available kits and methods for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens continues to increase at a considerable pace, and the diversity of methods and assay formats is reaching a point where it is very difficult even for experts to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of different methods and to decide which methods to choose for a certain testing need. Although a number of documents outline quantitative criteria that can be used to evaluate different detection methods (e.g., exclusivity and inclusivity), a diversity of criteria is typically used by industry to select specific methods that are used for pathogen detection. This article is intended to provide an overall outline of criteria that the food industry can use to evaluate new rapid detection methods, with a specific focus on nucleic acid-based detection methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | - Siyun Wang
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4
| | | | - Kendra Nightingale
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
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Sorbitol non-fermenting shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in cattle on smallholdings. Epidemiol Infect 2014; 143:94-103. [PMID: 24576531 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268814000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated faecal samples collected from the rectum of 518 cattle on 371 randomly selected smallholdings in Bangladesh for the presence of sorbitol non-fermenting (SN-F) shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). The SN-F isolates were tested for the presence of rfb O157, stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven SN-F isolates lacking these genes were profiled by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to verify their clonality. SN-F E. coli was identified in 44 [8·5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6·4-11·2] samples; of these, 28 (5·4%, 95% CI 3·8-7·7) had shiga toxin-producing strains, although only two carried the rfb O157 gene. Thirteen isolates carried the hlyA gene while 18 harboured the eae gene. Based on PFGE, six pulsotypes were observed among the seven isolates that had no virulence genes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on shiga toxin-producing E. coli from direct rectal faecal samples of cattle on smallholdings.
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Suo B, Wang Y. Evaluation of a multiplex selective enrichment broth SEL for simultaneous detection of injured Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 44:737-42. [PMID: 24516441 PMCID: PMC3910182 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many rapid and high throughput molecular methods have been developed in the recent years for the multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens, the simultaneous recovery and enrichment of sublethally injured cells is still a problem that needs to be considered. Combined with previous established multiplex real-time PCR assay, the capability of simultaneous recovery and enrichment of sublethally injured Salmonella, E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes cells was evaluated in a multiplex selective enrichment broth SEL. The injured cells were obtained by heat shock. After evaluation of different procedures, 1 h of recovery period prior to 20 h of enrichment was proved to be necessary for the detection of less than 10 CFU/5 mL broth of injured L. monocytogenes. When the detection method was applied to artificially contaminated ground beef, all the three injured pathogens could be simultaneously detected without discrimination by real-time PCR combined with SEL broth, the detection limit was < 5 CFU/10 g ground beef. Comparatively, when BPW was employed as the enrichment broth in the same detection procedure, injured L. monocytogenes could not be detected if the initially spiked level was below 102 CFU/10 g ground beef. Considering the capability of co-enrichment and high detection effectiveness, the real-time PCR assay combined with SEL broth herein appears to be a promising tool for high-throughput screening of a large number of processed food samples, which require either single or multiple pathogen detection. More important, the sublethally injured foodborne pathogen cells were also detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Suo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, China
| | - Yuexia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, China
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Development and evaluation of a selective enrichment broth for simultaneous growth of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-013-0797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Lim SW, Kim SW, Lee SC, Yuk HG. Effect of guava extracts on heat resistance of Salmonella Typhimurium. Food Sci Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-013-0280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Optimization and Application of a Custom Microarray for the Detection and Genotyping of E. coli O157:H7 in Fresh Meat Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9639-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Durso LM. Primary isolation of shiga toxigenic from environmental sources. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2013; 42:1295-1307. [PMID: 24216409 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.02.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Since the time of the first microbe hunters, primary culture and isolation of bacteria has been a foundation of microbiology. Like other microbial methods, bacterial culture and isolation methodologies continue to develop. Although fundamental concepts like selection and enrichment are as relevant today as they were over 100 yr ago, advances in chemistry, molecular biology and bacterial ecology mean that today's culture and isolation techniques serve additional supporting roles. The primary isolation of Shiga toxigenic (STEC) from environmental sources relies on enriching the target while excluding extensive background flora. Due to the complexity of environmental substrates, no single method can be recommended; however, common themes are discussed. Brilliant Green Bile Broth, with or without antibiotics, is one of many broths used successfully for selective STEC enrichment. Stressed cells may require a pre-enrichment recovery step in a nonselective broth such as buffered peptone water. After enrichment, immunomagnetic separation with serotype specific beads drastically increases the chances for recovery of STEC from environmental or insect sources. Some evidence suggests that acid treating the recovered beads can further enhance isolation. Although it is common in human clinical, food safety, and water quality applications to plate the recovered beads on Sorbitol MacConkey Agar, other chromogenic media, such as modified CHROMagar, have proven helpful in field and outbreak applications, allowing the target to be distinguished from the numerous background flora. Optimum conditions for each sample and target must be determined empirically, highlighting the need for a better understanding of STEC ecology.
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