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Iwabuchi K, Miyamoto K, Jouraku A, Takasu Y, Iizuka T, Adegawa S, Li X, Sato R, Watanabe K. ABC transporter subfamily B1 as a susceptibility determinant of Bombyx mori larvae to Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia and Cry9Da toxins. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 163:104030. [PMID: 37952901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a diverse family of transmembrane proteins. Specific subfamily members expressed in the lepidopteran midgut can act as susceptibility determinants for several insecticidal Bt Cry proteins. However, the susceptibility determinants to many Cry toxins still remain unclear. Therefore, we knocked out a series of ABC transporters that are highly expressed in the midgut of Bombyx mori larvae by transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated gene editing, and the lineages that became resistant to Cry toxins were searched by toxin overlay bioassay. As a result, the B. mori ABC transporter subfamily B1 (BmABCB1) knockout lineage showed 19.17-fold resistance to Cry1Ba, 876.2-fold resistance to Cry1Ia, and 29.1-fold resistance to Cry9Da, suggesting that BmABCB1 is the determinant of susceptibility to these toxins. BmABCC2 and BmABCC3 have been shown to be susceptibility determinants based on their function as receptors. Therefore, we next heterologously expressed these ABC transporters in HEK293T cells and performed a cell swelling assay to examine whether these molecules could exert receptor functions. As a result, BmABCB1-expressing cells showed swelling response to Cry1Ia and Cry9Da, and cells expressing PxABCB1, which is the Plutella xylostella ortholog of BmABCB1, showed swelling for Cry1Ba, suggesting that ABCB1 is a susceptibility determinant by functioning as a receptor to these toxins. Furthermore, in order to clarify how high binding affinity is based on receptor function, we performed surface plasmon resonance analysis and found that each KD of Cry1Ba, Cry1Ia, and Cry9Da to BmABCB1 were 7.69 × 10-8 M, 2.19 × 10-9 M, and 4.17 × 10-6 M respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Iwabuchi
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Miyamoto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Yoko Takasu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iizuka
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Satomi Adegawa
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Sato
- Graduate School of Bio-Application and Systems Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Naka 2-24-16, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, 1-2 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
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Marín-Sáez J, López-Ruiz R, Romero-Gonzalez R, Garrido Frenich A. Comprehensive Dissipation of Azadirachtin in Grapes and Tomatoes: The Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis and Tentative Identification of Unknown Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4466-4476. [PMID: 36881717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Neem oil is a biopesticide normally applied together with Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). However, neither its dissipation nor the influence of Bt has been previously evaluated. In this study, dissipation of neem oil was investigated when it was applied alone or together with Bt at 3 and 22 °C. A methodology involving solid-liquid extraction and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed for that purpose. The method was validated obtaining recoveries from 87 to 103%, with relative standard deviations lower than 19% and limits of quantification from 5 to 10 μg/kg. Azadirachtin A (AzA) dissipation was fit to a single first order, being faster when neem oil was applied together with Bt and at 22 °C (RL50 = 12-21 days) than alone and at 3 °C (RL50 = 14-25 days). Eight related compounds were found in real samples with similar dissipation curves compared to AzA, and five unknown metabolites were identified in degraded samples, with increasing concentrations during parent compound degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Marín-Sáez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Roberto Romero-Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Analytical Chemistry Area, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence ceiA3, University of Almería Research Centre for Agricultural Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), Carretera de Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
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3
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Tariq M, Tabassum B, Bakhsh A, Farooq AM, Qamar Z, Akram F, Naz F, Rao AQ, Malik K, Nasir IA. Heterologous expression of cry1Ia12 insecticidal gene in cotton encodes resistance against pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae); an alternate insecticidal gene for insect pest management. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10557-10564. [PMID: 36169899 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is continuously exposed to sucking and chewing insect pest pressure since emergence to harvesting. Pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) has become major chewing insect pest to reduce the cotton yield and results in bad lint quality even in transgenic crops. The efficiency of insecticidal genes has been compromised due to extensive utilization of transgenic crops. METHODS AND RESULTS The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of an alternate cry1Ia12 insecticidal gene against pink bollworm (PBW) in cotton. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring pCAMBIA2300 expression vector containing cry1Ia12 gene under the control of 35S CaMV was used to transform a local cotton cultivar GS-01. The various molecular analyses revealed the transgene integration and expression in primary transformants. Among five selected transgenic plants, tcL-08 showed maximum (16.06-fold) mRNA expression of cry1Ia12 gene whereas tcL-03 showed minimum (2.33-fold) expression. Feeding bioassays of 2nd and 3rd instar pink bollworm (PBW) larvae on immature cotton bolls, flowers and cotton squares revealed up to 33.33% mortality on tcL-08 while lowest mortality (13.33%) was observed in tcL-03 and tcL-15. Furthermore, the average weight and size of survived larvae fed on transgenic plants was significantly lesser than the average weight of larvae survived on non-transgenic plants. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests the cry1Ia12 gene as an alternate insecticidal gene for the resistance management of cotton bollworms, especially PBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tariq
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Tabassum
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Munim Farooq
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahida Qamar
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Akram
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farah Naz
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, 53700, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Khorramnejad A, Bel Y, Talaei-Hassanloui R, Escriche B. Activation of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1I to a 50 kDa stable core impairs its full toxicity to Ostrinia nubilalis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1745-1758. [PMID: 35138453 PMCID: PMC8882101 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1I insecticidal proteins are structurally similar to other three-domain Cry proteins, although their size, activity spectrum, and expression at the stationary phase are unique among other members of the Cry1 family. The mode of action of Cry1 proteins is not completely understood but the existence of an activation step prior to specific binding is widely accepted. In this study, we attempted to characterize and determine the importance of the activation process in the mode of action of Cry1I, as Cry1Ia protoxin or its partially processed form showed significantly higher toxicity to Ostrinia nubilalis than the fully processed protein either activated with trypsin or with O. nubilalis midgut juice. Oligomerization studies showed that Cry1Ia protoxin, in solution, formed dimers spontaneously, and the incubation of Cry1Ia protoxin with O. nubilalis brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) promoted the formation of dimers of the partially processed form. While no oligomerization of fully activated proteins after incubation with BBMV was detected. The results of the in vitro competition assays showed that both the Cry1Ia protoxin and the approx. 50 kDa activated proteins bind specifically to the O. nubilalis BBMV and compete for the same binding sites. Accordingly, the in vivo binding competition assays show a decrease in toxicity following the addition of an excess of 50 kDa activated protein. Consequently, as full activation of Cry1I protein diminishes its toxicity against lepidopterans, preventing or decelerating proteolysis might increase the efficacy of this protein in Bt-based products. KEY POINTS: • Processing Cry1I to a 50 kDa stable core impairs its full toxicity to O. nubilalis • Partially processed Cry1Ia protoxin retains the toxicity of protoxin vs O. nubilalis • Protoxin and its final processed forms compete for the same functional binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Khorramnejad
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Pests, Departamento de Genética, Instituto BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.,Laboratory of Biological Control of Pest, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Pests, Departamento de Genética, Instituto BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.
| | - Reza Talaei-Hassanloui
- Laboratory of Biological Control of Pest, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- Laboratory of Biotechnological Control of Pests, Departamento de Genética, Instituto BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain.
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5
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Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Proteins Against Coleopteran Pests. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070430. [PMID: 32610662 PMCID: PMC7404982 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis is the most successful microbial insecticide agent and its proteins have been studied for many years due to its toxicity against insects mainly belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, which are pests of agro-forestry and medical-veterinary interest. However, studies on the interactions between this bacterium and the insect species classified in the order Coleoptera are more limited when compared to other insect orders. To date, 45 Cry proteins, 2 Cyt proteins, 11 Vip proteins, and 2 Sip proteins have been reported with activity against coleopteran species. A number of these proteins have been successfully used in some insecticidal formulations and in the construction of transgenic crops to provide protection against main beetle pests. In this review, we provide an update on the activity of Bt toxins against coleopteran insects, as well as specific information about the structure and mode of action of coleopteran Bt proteins.
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Berretta MF, Pedarros AS, Sauka DH, Pérez MP, Onco MI, Benintende GB. Susceptibility of agricultural pests of regional importance in South America to a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia protein. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 172:107354. [PMID: 32194030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis toxins of the Cry1I class have dual specificity for insects in the orders Coleoptera and Lepidoptera. We assessed the toxicity of a Cry1Ia protein from an Argentinian B. thuringiensis strain against agricultural pests in the families Tenebrionidae, Curculionidae, Noctuidae and Tortricidae. Three recombinant protein variants were produced that differed in length and fusion tag position to rule out artifactual results. The protein was toxic to Cydia pomonella and Rachiplusia nu. In contrast, Alphitobius diaperinus, Anthonomus grandis and Spodoptera frugiperda were not susceptible. The results are discussed with respect to previous studies and the prospective use of Cry1Ia in strategies to control major cotton pests in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo F Berretta
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Analía S Pedarros
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego H Sauka
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Melisa P Pérez
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Inés Onco
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela B Benintende
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMYZA), Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Khorramnejad A, Domínguez-Arrizabalaga M, Caballero P, Escriche B, Bel Y. Study of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia Protein Oligomerization Promoted by Midgut Brush Border Membrane Vesicles of Lepidopteran and Coleopteran Insects, or Cultured Insect Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020133. [PMID: 32098045 PMCID: PMC7076784 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces insecticidal proteins that are either secreted during the vegetative growth phase or accumulated in the crystal inclusions (Cry proteins) in the stationary phase. Cry1I proteins share the three domain (3D) structure typical of crystal proteins but are secreted to the media early in the stationary growth phase. In the generally accepted mode of action of 3D Cry proteins (sequential binding model), the formation of an oligomer (tetramer) has been described as a major step, necessary for pore formation and subsequent toxicity. To know if this could be extended to Cry1I proteins, the formation of Cry1Ia oligomers was studied by Western blot, after the incubation of trypsin activated Cry1Ia with insect brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) or insect cultured cells, using Cry1Ab as control. Our results showed that Cry1Ia oligomers were observed only after incubation with susceptible coleopteran BBMV, but not following incubation with susceptible lepidopteran BBMV or non-susceptible Sf21 insect cells, while Cry1Ab oligomers were persistently detected after incubation with all insect tissues tested, regardless of its host susceptibility. The data suggested oligomerization may not necessarily be a requirement for the toxicity of Cry1I proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayda Khorramnejad
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 31578-77871, Alborz, Iran
| | - Mikel Domínguez-Arrizabalaga
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain; (M.D.-A.); (P.C.)
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Departamento de Agronomía, Biotecnología y Alimentación, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, 31006 Navarra, Spain; (M.D.-A.); (P.C.)
| | - Baltasar Escriche
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
| | - Yolanda Bel
- Departamento de Genética/ERI BioTecMed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain; (A.K.); (B.E.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang K, Shu C, Zhang J. Effective bacterial insecticidal proteins against coleopteran pests: A review. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21558. [PMID: 31094011 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coleoptera, the order of insects commonly referred to as beetles, are able to survive in various environments, and thus, comprise the largest order in the animal kingdom. Coleopterans mainly include coprophagous and phytophagous lineages, and many species of the latter lineage are serious pests. In addition to traditional chemical methods, biocontrol measures using various bacterial insecticidal proteins have also gradually been developed to control these insect pests. In this review, we summarized the possible coleopteran-pest-specific bacteria and insecticidal proteins that have been reported in the literature thus far and have provided a comprehensive overview and long-term guidance for the control of coleopteran pests in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Mushtaq R, Behle R, Liu R, Niu L, Song P, Shakoori AR, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ie2, Cry2Ac7, Vip3Aa11 and Cry7Ab3 proteins against Anticarsia gemmatalis, Chrysodeixis includens and Ceratoma trifurcata. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 150:70-72. [PMID: 28919015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic soybean producing the Cry1Ac insecticidal protein from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is used to control larvae of the velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner) and the soybean looper [Chrysodeixis includens (Walker)]. The main threat to the sustainability of this technology is the development of resistance, which could be delayed by using pyramiding of diverse Bt insecticidal genes. We report high activity of Cry2Ac7 and Vip3Aa11 but not Cry1Ie2 against larvae of A. gemmatalis and C. includens. In addition, we also report anti-feeding activity of Cry1Ie2 and Cry7Ab3 in adults of the bean leaf beetle [Ceratoma trifurcata (Foster)], an alternative pest of soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Mushtaq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Robert Behle
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA-ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - Rongmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Niu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ping Song
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China
| | - Abdul Rauf Shakoori
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Wang Y, Yang J, Quan Y, Wang Z, Cai W, He K. Characterization of Asian Corn Borer Resistance to Bt Toxin Cry1Ie. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9060186. [PMID: 28590421 PMCID: PMC5488036 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9060186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A strain of the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), has evolved >800-fold resistance to Cry1Ie (ACB-IeR) after 49 generations of selection. The inheritance pattern of resistance to Cry1Ie in ACB-IeR strain and its cross-resistance to other Bt toxins were determined through bioassay by exposing neonates from genetic-crosses to toxins incorporated into the diet. The response of progenies from reciprocal F₁ crosses were similar (LC50s: 76.07 vs. 74.32 μg/g), which suggested the resistance was autosomal. The effective dominance (h) decreased as concentration of Cry1Ie increased. h was nearly recessive or incompletely recessive on Cry1Ie maize leaf tissue (h = 0.02), but nearly dominant or incompletely dominant (h = 0.98) on Cry1Ie maize silk. Bioassay of the backcross suggested that the resistance was controlled by more than one locus. In addition, the resistant strain did not perform cross-resistance to Cry1Ab (0.8-fold), Cry1Ac (0.8-fold), Cry1F (0.9-fold), and Cry1Ah (1.0-fold). The present study not only offers the manifestation for resistance management, but also recommends that Cry1Ie will be an appropriate candidate for expression with Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1F, or Cry1Ah for the development of Bt maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yudong Quan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Wanzhi Cai
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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de Oliveira RS, Oliveira-Neto OB, Moura HFN, de Macedo LLP, Arraes FBM, Lucena WA, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, de Deus Barbosa AA, da Silva MCM, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Transgenic Cotton Plants Expressing Cry1Ia12 Toxin Confer Resistance to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and Cotton Boll Weevil (Anthonomus grandis). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:165. [PMID: 26925081 PMCID: PMC4759279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gossypium hirsutum (commercial cooton) is one of the most economically important fibers sources and a commodity crop highly affected by insect pests and pathogens. Several transgenic approaches have been developed to improve cotton resistance to insect pests, through the transgenic expression of different factors, including Cry toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and toxic peptides, among others. In the present study, we developed transgenic cotton plants by fertilized floral buds injection (through the pollen-tube pathway technique) using an DNA expression cassette harboring the cry1Ia12 gene, driven by CaMV35S promoter. The T0 transgenic cotton plants were initially selected with kanamycin and posteriorly characterized by PCR and Southern blot experiments to confirm the genetic transformation. Western blot and ELISA assays indicated the transgenic cotton plants with higher Cry1Ia12 protein expression levels to be further tested in the control of two major G. hirsutum insect pests. Bioassays with T1 plants revealed the Cry1Ia12 protein toxicity on Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, as evidenced by mortality up to 40% and a significant delay in the development of the target insects compared to untransformed controls (up to 30-fold). Also, an important reduction of Anthonomus grandis emerging adults (up to 60%) was observed when the insect larvae were fed on T1 floral buds. All the larvae and adult insect survivors on the transgenic lines were weaker and significantly smaller compared to the non-transformed plants. Therefore, this study provides GM cotton plant with simultaneous resistance against the Lepidopteran (S. frugiperda), and the Coleopteran (A. grandis) insect orders, and all data suggested that the Cry1Ia12 toxin could effectively enhance the cotton transgenic plants resistance to both insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel S. de Oliveira
- Catholic University of BrasiliaBrasilia, Brazil
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Osmundo B. Oliveira-Neto
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
- UNIEURO – University CenterBrasília, Brazil
| | - Hudson F. N. Moura
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
- Biology Institute, Brasilia UniversityBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L. P. de Macedo
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício B. M. Arraes
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wagner A. Lucena
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
- Embrapa CottonCampina Grande, Brazil
| | - Isabela T. Lourenço-Tessutti
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Aulus A. de Deus Barbosa
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria C. M. da Silva
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa
- Catholic University of BrasiliaBrasilia, Brazil
- Pest-Plant Molecular Interaction Laboratory, Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Research Agricultural CorporationBrasilia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa,
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ZHAO QC, LIU MH, ZHANG XW, LIN CY, ZHANG Q, SHEN ZC. Generation of insect-resistant and glyphosate-tolerant rice by introduction of a T-DNA containing two Bt insecticidal genes and an EPSPS gene. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 16:824-31. [PMID: 26465130 PMCID: PMC4609534 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1500056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Insect resistance and glyphosate tolerance have been two of the most important traits in the genetic improvement of various crops. In this study, two Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal genes, Cry1Ac and Cry1Ig, and a modified glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene (G10) were combined into a single transferred DNA (T-DNA) fragment and introduced into rice by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. A transgenic line with single-copy T-DNA insertion named GAI-14 was found to be highly resistant to striped stem borer and rice leaf roller, and tolerant to glyphosate. Analysis of T-DNA border sequence suggested that the transgenes were inserted at the chromosome 3 and appeared to have not interrupted any known or putative genes. A field trial observed no significant difference in the basic agronomic traits between GAI-14 and the recipient rice.
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Zhao C, Jurat-Fuentes JL, Abdelgaffar HM, Pan H, Song F, Zhang J. Identification of a New cry1I-Type Gene as a Candidate for Gene Pyramiding in Corn To Control Ostrinia Species Larvae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3699-705. [PMID: 25795679 PMCID: PMC4421046 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00379-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyramiding of diverse cry toxin genes from Bacillus thuringiensis with different modes of action is a desirable strategy to delay the evolution of resistance in the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis). Considering the dependency of susceptibility to Cry toxins on toxin binding to receptors in the midgut of target pests, a diverse mode of action is commonly defined as recognition of unique binding sites in the target insect. In this study, we present a novel cry1Ie toxin gene (cry1Ie2) as a candidate for pyramiding with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in corn to control Ostrinia species larvae. The new toxin gene encodes an 81-kDa protein that is processed to a protease-resistant core form of approximately 55 kDa by trypsin digestion. The purified protoxin displayed high toxicity to Ostrinia furnacalis and O. nubilalis larvae but low to no activity against Spodoptera or heliothine species or the coleopteran Tenebrio molitor. Results of binding assays with (125)I-labeled Cry1Ab toxin and brush border membrane vesicles from O. nubilalis larvae demonstrated that Cry1Ie2 does not recognize the Cry1Ab binding sites in that insect. Reciprocal competition binding assays with biotin-labeled Cry1Ie2 confirmed the lack of shared sites with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in O. nubilalis brush border membrane vesicles. These data support Cry1Ie2 as a good candidate for pyramiding with Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa in corn to increase the control of O. nubilalis and reduce the risk of resistance evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhao
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Heba M Abdelgaffar
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fuping Song
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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de Souza Freire I, Miranda-Vilela AL, Barbosa LCP, Martins ES, Monnerat RG, Grisolia CK. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and hematotoxicity of the recombinant spore-crystal complexes Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 from Bacillus thuringiensis in Swiss mice. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:2872-85. [PMID: 25268978 PMCID: PMC4210873 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6102872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The insecticidal properties of Cry-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have long been used as spore-crystals in commercial spray formulations for insect control. Recently, some Bt-endotoxin genes have been cloned in many different plants. Toxicological evaluations of three spore-crystal endotoxins, BtCry1Ia, BtCry10Aa and BtCry1Ba6 from B. thuringiensis, were carried out on mice to understand their adverse effects on hematological systems and on genetic material. These three spore-crystals have shown toxic activity to the boll weevil, which is one of the most aggressive pests of the cotton crop. Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 did not increase the micronucleus frequency in the peripheral erythrocytes of mice and did not cause changes in the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes. However, some hematologic disburbances were observed, specifically related to Cry1Ia and Cry1Ba6, respectively, for the erythroid and lymphoid lineage. Thus, although the profile of such adverse side effects can be related to their high level of exposure, which is not commonly found in the environment, results showed that these Bt spore-crystals were not harmless to mice, indicating that each spore-crystal endotoxin presents a characteristic profile of toxicity and might be investigated individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Souza Freire
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luisa Miranda-Vilela
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Lilian Carla Pereira Barbosa
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Erica Soares Martins
- Instituto Mato-Grossense do Algodão-IMAmt/Faculdades Integradas ICESP/Promove de Brasília, Brasília 78008-000, Brazil.
| | - Rose Gomes Monnerat
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos (CENARGEN), Brasília 70770-917, Brazil.
| | - Cesar Koppe Grisolia
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil.
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Palma L, Muñoz D, Berry C, Murillo J, Caballero P. Draft genome sequences of two Bacillus thuringiensis strains and characterization of a putative 41.9-kDa insecticidal toxin. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1490-504. [PMID: 24784323 PMCID: PMC4052248 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6051490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the genome sequencing of two Bacillus thuringiensis strains using Illumina next-generation sequencing technology (NGS). Strain Hu4-2, toxic to many lepidopteran pest species and to some mosquitoes, encoded genes for two insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins, cry1Ia and cry9Ea, and a vegetative insecticidal protein (Vip) gene, vip3Ca2. Strain Leapi01 contained genes coding for seven Cry proteins (cry1Aa, cry1Ca, cry1Da, cry2Ab, cry9Ea and two cry1Ia gene variants) and a vip3 gene (vip3Aa10). A putative novel insecticidal protein gene 1143 bp long was found in both strains, whose sequences exhibited 100% nucleotide identity. The predicted protein showed 57 and 100% pairwise identity to protein sequence 72 from a patented Bt strain (US8318900) and to a putative 41.9-kDa insecticidal toxin from Bacillus cereus, respectively. The 41.9-kDa protein, containing a C-terminal 6× HisTag fusion, was expressed in Escherichia coli and tested for the first time against four lepidopteran species (Mamestra brassicae, Ostrinia nubilalis, Spodoptera frugiperda and S. littoralis) and the green-peach aphid Myzus persicae at doses as high as 4.8 µg/cm2 and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively. At these protein concentrations, the recombinant 41.9-kDa protein caused no mortality or symptoms of impaired growth against any of the insects tested, suggesting that these species are outside the protein’s target range or that the protein may not, in fact, be toxic. While the use of the polymerase chain reaction has allowed a significant increase in the number of Bt insecticidal genes characterized to date, novel NGS technologies promise a much faster, cheaper and efficient screening of Bt pesticidal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopoldo Palma
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, Mutilva Baja, Navarra 31192, Spain.
| | - Delia Muñoz
- Grupo de Protección Cultivos, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra 31006, Spain.
| | - Colin Berry
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK.
| | - Jesús Murillo
- Grupo de Protección Cultivos, Departamento de Producción Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra 31006, Spain.
| | - Primitivo Caballero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pública de Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Campus Arrosadía, Mutilva Baja, Navarra 31192, Spain.
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Porcar M, Déleclusse A, Ibarra JE, Juárez-Pérez V. Early transcription of Bacillus thuringiensis cry genes in strains active on Lepidopteran species and the role of gene content on their expression. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2014; 105:1007-15. [PMID: 24691997 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-014-0160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Six strains of Bacillus thuringiensis previously selected as highly toxic against Manduca sexta and Plutella xylostella were analyzed by PCR screening in order to identify the cry genes active on Lepidoptera. According to their gene content and insecticidal potency, these strains were cultured and aliquots taken at different pre- and post-sporulation times. Total RNA was extracted and used as template in RT-PCR analyses directed to identify mRNAs of the previously identified cry genes. Results showed transcription of genes cry1A, cry1E, cry1I, and cry2 even before the onset of sporulation. However, this early transcription did not lead to an appreciable parasporal protein synthesis until t5-t9, as deduced from SDS-PAGE profiles. As for cry1I gene, the corresponding protein was not detected, as expected, but cry1I mRNAs were present at least until t5. Interestingly, strains expressing four cry genes from the end of the log phase onwards exhibited kinetics characterized by a very long transition phase, whereas the strain expressing only one cry gene showed a very short transition phase. Strains expressing three genes showed an intermediate profile. These results indicate that the transcription of B. thuringiensis cry1 and cry2 genes in natural strains can start several hours before massive crystal synthesis occurs and that this translation is probably competing with transcriptional regulators required for the sporulation onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Porcar
- Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France
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17
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Freire IS, Miranda-Vilela AL, Fascineli ML, Oliveira-Filho EC, Martins ES, Monnerat RG, Grisolia CK. Genotoxic evaluation in Oreochromis niloticus (Fish: Characidae) of recombinant spore-crystal complexes Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 from Bacillus thuringiensis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:267-272. [PMID: 24374720 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-013-1170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Bioinsecticides from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are widely used around the world in biological control against larval stages of many insect species. Bt has been considered a biopesticide that is highly specific to different orders of insects, non-polluting and harmless to humans and other vertebrates, thus becoming a viable alternative for combating agricultural pests and insect vectors of diseases. The family of Bt δ-endotoxins are crystal-protein inclusions showing toxicity to insects' midgut, causing cell lysis leading to starvation, septicemia and death. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic potential of recombinant Bt spore-crystals expressing Cry1Ia, Cry10Aa and Cry1Ba6 on peripheral erythrocyte cells of Oreochromis niloticus, through comet assay, micronucleus (MN) test and nuclear abnormalities (NA) analysis. Fish (n = 10/group) were exposed for 96 h at 10(7) spores 30 l(-1), 10(8) spores 30 l(-1) or 10(9) spores 30 l(-1) of Bt spore-crystals. Cry1Ia showed a significant increase in comet cells at levels 1 and 2, but not at levels 3 and 4, so it was not mutagenic nor did it induce MN or NA. These three spore-crystals showed some fish toxicity at only the highest exposure level, which normally does not occur in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Freire
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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18
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van Frankenhuyzen K. Cross-order and cross-phylum activity of Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal proteins. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 114:76-85. [PMID: 23747826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of Bacillus thuringiensis proteins with pesticidal activities across orders and phyla raises the question how widespread cross-activities are and if they are of sufficient biological significance to have implications for ecological safety of those proteins in pest control applications. Cross-activity is reported for 27 proteins and 69 taxa and is substantiated by reasonable evidence (mortality estimates) in 19 cases involving 45 taxa. Cross-activities occur in 13 primary rank families across three classes of pesticidal proteins (Cry, Cyt and Vip), and comprise 13 proteins affecting species across two orders, five proteins affecting three orders and one protein affecting four orders, all within the class Insecta. Cross-activity was quantified (LC50 estimates) for 16 proteins and 25 taxa. Compared to toxicity ranges established for Diptera-, Coleoptera-, Lepidoptera- and Nematoda-active proteins, 13 cross-activities are in the low-toxicity range (10-1000μg/ml), 12 in the medium - (0.10-10μg/ml) and two in the high-toxicity range (0.01-0.10μg/ml). Although cross-activities need to be viewed with caution until they are confirmed through independent testing, current evidence suggests that cross-activity of B. thuringiensis pesticidal proteins needs to be taken into consideration when designing and approving their use in pest control applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kees van Frankenhuyzen
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A 2E5, Canada.
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Bergamasco V, Mendes D, Fernandes O, Desidério J, Lemos M. Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia10 and Vip3Aa protein interactions and their toxicity in Spodoptera spp. (Lepidoptera). J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 112:152-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Vip3C, a novel class of vegetative insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7163-5. [PMID: 22865065 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01360-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three vip3 genes were identified in two Bacillus thuringiensis Spanish collections. Sequence analysis revealed a novel Vip3 protein class (Vip3C). Preliminary bioassays of larvae from 10 different lepidopteran species indicated that Vip3Ca3 caused more than 70% mortality in four species after 10 days at 4 μg/cm(2).
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Li H, Bouwer G. Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins to Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in South Africa. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 109:110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Comparative study of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ia and Cry1Aa delta-endotoxins: Activation process and toxicity against Prays oleae. J Invertebr Pathol 2010; 104:39-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Frankenhuyzen KV. Insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins. J Invertebr Pathol 2009; 101:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Silva-Werneck J, Ellar D. Characterization of a novel Cry9Bb δ-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis. J Invertebr Pathol 2008; 98:320-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Transgenic tobacco plants expressing synthetic Cry1Ac and Cry1Ie genes are more toxic to cotton bollworm than those containing one gene. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Ruiz de Escudero I, Estela A, Escriche B, Caballero P. Potential of the Bacillus thuringiensis toxin reservoir for the control of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a major pest of grape plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:337-40. [PMID: 17085712 PMCID: PMC1797137 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01511-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins to control the grape pest Lobesia botrana was explored by testing first-instar larvae with Cry proteins belonging to the Cry1, Cry2, and Cry9 groups selected for their documented activities against Lepidoptera. Cry9Ca, a toxin from B. thuringiensis, was the protein most toxic to L. botrana larvae, followed in decreasing order by Cry2Ab, Cry1Ab, Cry2Aa, and Cry1Ia7, with 50% lethal concentration values of 0.09, 0.1, 1.4, 3.2, and 8.5 microg/ml of diet, respectively. In contrast, Cry1Fa and Cry1JA were not active at the assayed concentration (100 microg/ml). In vitro binding and competition experiments showed that none of the toxins tested (Cry1Ia, Cry2Aa, Cry2Ab, and Cry9C) shared binding sites with Cry1Ab. We conclude that either Cry1Ia or Cry9C could be used in combination with Cry1Ab to control this pest, either as the active components of B. thuringiensis sprays or expressed together in transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Ruiz de Escudero
- Departamento de Producción Agraria, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
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