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Izhar MZ, Nawaz M, Yaqub T, Avais M, Anjum AA. In vitro characterization of probiotic potential of Lactobacillus plantarum CM49 against selected cattle mastitogens. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:310. [PMID: 39174931 PMCID: PMC11340152 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine mastitis results in significant economic losses for the dairy industry globally due to milk production losses and decreased herd efficiency. This research aimed to isolate, select, and characterize indigenous lactobacilli with probiotic properties. A total of 40 lactobacilli were isolated from healthy milk samples of cattle and identified at the species level through 16S rDNA sequencing. All isolates were initially screened for antimicrobial activity, and selected isolates underwent in vitro assessment of probiotic properties. RESULTS Among the lactobacilli isolates, varying levels of activity (9 to 19 mm) against cattle mastitogens; Stapylococcus aureus (Staph. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (Strep. dysgalactiae) were observed in the well diffusion assay. These isolates demonstrated auto-aggregation (ranging from 14.29 ± 0.96% to 62.11 ± 1.09%) and co-aggregate (ranging from 9.21 ± 0.14% to 55.74 ± 0.74%) with mastitogens after 2 h. Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarum CM49 showed sensitivity to most antibiotics tested and exhibited strong inhibitory effects, with mean log10 reductions of 3.46 for Staph. aureus, 2.82 for E. coli, and 1.45 for Strep. dysgalactiae in co-culture experiments. Furthermore, Lb. plantarum CM49 significantly decreased the adhesion rate of mastitogens on the bovine mammary cell line and mouse model, demonstrating its potential effectiveness in preventing mastitis. CONCLUSION It is concluded that Lb. plantarum CM49 has remarkable probiotic potential with activity against cattle mastitogens in the laboratory and cell culture and competitively excludes mastitogens from bovine mammary cells and ameliorates Staph. aureus-induced mastitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zeeshan Izhar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Avais
- Department of Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad Anjum
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
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Toledo-Silva B, Oliveira ACD, Souza FN, Haesebrouck F, De Vliegher S. Metabolites of non-aureus staphylococci affect the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to adhere to and internalize into bovine mammary epithelial cells. Vet Res 2023; 54:100. [PMID: 37884947 PMCID: PMC10605872 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether cell-free supernatants (SN) from four bovine non-aureus staphylococcal (NAS) isolates prevent Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to and internalization into bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) and if so, to determine whether such effects were potentially associated with the S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) system. Overall, we demonstrated that all SN obtained from the NAS isolates promoted adhesion of a S. aureus agr+ strain to, yet reduced the internalization into MAC-T cells, while similar effects were not observed for its agr- mutant strain. Our findings provide novel anti-virulence strategies for treating and controlling bovine S. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Toledo-Silva
- M-team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ana Cláudia Dumont Oliveira
- M-team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Fernando N Souza
- M-team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Veterinary Clinical Immunology Research Group, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-270, Brazil.
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team & Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Niño-Arias FC, Alves VF, Pereira MG, De Martinis ECP. Gene expression and cell culture assays reveal cheese isolate Lactococcus lactis MC5 may influence the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2027-2034. [PMID: 37171534 PMCID: PMC10484841 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) can thrive in a wide variety of hosts and environments, causing clinical infections and foodborne intoxications. In Brazil, SA is commonly isolated from traditional soft cheeses, especially those prepared from unpasteurized milk. In this research, the isolate S. aureus SABRC1 was evaluated for virulence traits under different conditions, including co-inoculation with Lactococcus lactis MC5 (isolated from "Fresh Minas Cheese"), which produces antibacterial peptides. Results from experiments with Caco-2 culture indicated S. aureus SABRC1 was able to adhere (42.83 ± 1.79%) and to invade (48.57 ± 0.41%) the intestinal cells. On the other hand, L. lactis MC5 presented anti-staphylococcal activity as indicated by agar assays, and it was also able to antagonize intestinal cell invasion by S. aureus. Moreover, Reverse Transcriptase-PCR experiments showed virulence genes of S. aureus SABRC1 (hla, icaA and sea) were differentially expressed under diverse culture conditions, which included Brain Heart Infusion modified or not by the addition of glucose, sodium chloride, milk or cheese. This suggests the virulence of S. aureus SABRC1 is influenced by compounds commonly found in daily diets, and not only by its genetic repertoire, adding a novel level of complexity for controlling infection by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Camilo Niño-Arias
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP-USP), Brazil
| | - Virgínia Farias Alves
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Rua 240 Esquina Com a 5ª Avenida, S/N, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia/GO, CEP: 74605-170, Brazil.
| | - Marita Gimenez Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP-USP), Brazil
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Li X, Xu C, Liang B, Kastelic JP, Han B, Tong X, Gao J. Alternatives to antibiotics for treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1160350. [PMID: 37404775 PMCID: PMC10315858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1160350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is considered the costliest disease on dairy farms and also adversely affects animal welfare. As treatment (and to a lesser extent prevention) of mastitis rely heavily on antibiotics, there are increasing concerns in veterinary and human medicine regarding development of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, with genes conferring resistance being capable of transfer to heterologous strains, reducing resistance in strains of animal origin should have positive impacts on humans. This article briefly reviews potential roles of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), herbal medicines, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), bacteriophages and their lytic enzymes, vaccination and other emerging therapies for prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows. Although many of these approaches currently lack proven therapeutic efficacy, at least some may gradually replace antibiotics, especially as drug-resistant bacteria are proliferating globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingchun Liang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - John P. Kastelic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Tong
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Kober AKMH, Saha S, Islam MA, Rajoka MSR, Fukuyama K, Aso H, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics: A Novel Preventive Approach for the Control of Bovine Mastitis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2255. [PMID: 36422325 PMCID: PMC9692641 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis (BM) is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle, causing economic and welfare problems in dairy farming worldwide. Because of the predominant bacterial etiology, the treatment of BM is mostly based on antibiotics. However, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR), treatment effectiveness, and the cost of mastitis at farm level are linked to limitations in the antibiotic therapy. These scenarios have prompted the quest for new preventive options, probiotics being one interesting alternative. This review article sought to provide an overview of the recent advances in the use of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of BM. The cellular and molecular interactions of beneficial microbes with mammary gland (MG) cells and the impact of these interactions in the immune responses to infections are revised. While most research has demonstrated that some probiotics strains can suppress mammary pathogens by competitive exclusion or the production of antimicrobial compounds, recent evidence suggest that other probiotic strains have a remarkable ability to modulate the response of MG to Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammation. Immunomodulatory probiotics or immunobiotics can modulate the expression of negative regulators of TLR signaling in the MG epithelium, regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines induced upon pathogen challenge. The scientific evidence revised here indicates that immunobiotics can have a beneficial role in MG immunobiology and therefore they can be used as a preventive strategy for the management of BM and AMR, the enhancement of animal and human health, and the improvement of dairy cow milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh
| | - Sudeb Saha
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Hisashi Aso
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Animal Health Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- The Cattle Museum, Maesawa, Oshu 029-4205, Japan
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Centre for Food and Agricultural Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Lactobacilli, a Weapon to Counteract Pathogens through the Inhibition of Their Virulence Factors. J Bacteriol 2022; 204:e0027222. [PMID: 36286515 PMCID: PMC9664955 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00272-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, several studies have reported an alarming increase in pathogen resistance to current antibiotic therapies and treatments. Therefore, the search for effective alternatives to counter their spread and the onset of infections is becoming increasingly important.
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Li J, Wen Q, Gu F, An L, Yu T. Non-antibiotic strategies for prevention and treatment of internalized Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:974984. [PMID: 36118198 PMCID: PMC9471010 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.974984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections are often difficult to cure completely. One of the main reasons for this difficulty is that S. aureus can be internalized into cells after infecting tissue. Because conventional antibiotics and immune cells have difficulty entering cells, the bacteria can survive long enough to cause recurrent infections, which poses a serious burden in healthcare settings because repeated infections drastically increase treatment costs. Therefore, preventing and treating S. aureus internalization is becoming a research hotspot. S. aureus internalization can essentially be divided into three phases: (1) S. aureus binds to the extracellular matrix (ECM), (2) fibronectin (Fn) receptors mediate S. aureus internalization into cells, and (3) intracellular S. aureus and persistence into cells. Different phases require different treatments. Many studies have reported on different treatments at different phases of bacterial infection. In the first and second phases, the latest research results show that the cell wall-anchored protein vaccine and some microbial agents can inhibit the adhesion of S. aureus to host cells. In the third phase, nanoparticles, photochemical internalization (PCI), cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and bacteriophage therapy can effectively eliminate bacteria from cells. In this paper, the recent progress in the infection process and the prevention and treatment of S. aureus internalization is summarized by reviewing a large number of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijuan An
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Tiecheng Yu,
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Factors Affecting Spontaneous Endocytosis and Survival of Probiotic Lactobacilli in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061142. [PMID: 35744660 PMCID: PMC9230732 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutualistic bacteria have different forms of interaction with the host. In contrast to the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, naturally occurring internalization of commensal bacteria has not been studied in depth. Three in vitro methods, gentamicin protection, flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy, have been implemented to accurately assess the internalization of two lactobacillus strains—Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BL23 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG—in Caco-2 and T84 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) under a variety of physiological conditions and with specific inhibitors. First and most interesting, internalization occurred at a variable rate that depends on the bacterial strain and IEC line, and the most efficient was BL23 internalization by T84 and, second, efficient internalization required active IEC proliferation, as it improved naturally at the early confluence stages and by stimulation with epidermal growth factor (EGF). IFN-γ is bound to innate immune responses and autolysis; this cytokine had a significant effect on internalization, as shown by flow cytometry, but increased internalization was not perceived in all conditions, possibly because it was also stimulating autolysis and, as a consequence, the viability of bacteria after uptake could be affected. Bacterial uptake required actin polymerization, as shown by cytochalasin D inhibition, and it was partially bound to clathrin and caveolin dependent endocytosis. It also showed partial inhibition by ML7 indicating the involvement of cholesterol lipid rafts and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activation, at least in the LGG uptake by Caco-2. Most interestingly, bacteria remained viable inside the IEC for as long as 72 h without damaging the epithelial cells, and paracellular transcytosis was observed. These results stressed the fact that internalization of commensal and mutualistic bacteria is a natural, nonpathogenic process that may be relevant in crosstalk processes between the intestinal populations and the host, and future studies could determine its connection to processes such as commensal tolerance, resilience of microbial populations or transorganic bacterial migration.
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Berardo N, Giraudo J, Magnano G, Nader‐Macias MEF, Bogni C, Pellegrino M. L. lactis
subsp
lactis
CRL1655
and
S. perolens
CRL1724
inhibit the adherence of common bovine mastitis pathogens to mammary gland cells, without causing histological changes in the mammary gland. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:733-742. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Berardo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco‐Qcas y Naturales University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB‐Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - J. Giraudo
- Departament of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - G. Magnano
- Departament of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - M. E. F. Nader‐Macias
- CERELA‐CONICET (Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina), Pharmabiotic Department, Chacabuco 145, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB‐Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - C. Bogni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco‐Qcas y Naturales University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
| | - M. Pellegrino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Cs. Ex. Fco‐Qcas y Naturales University of Río Cuarto Córdoba Argentina
- Member of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB‐Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
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Nicolas A, Deplanche M, Commere PH, Diot A, Genthon C, Marques da Silva W, Azevedo V, Germon P, Jamme H, Guédon E, Le Loir Y, Laurent F, Bierne H, Berkova N. Transcriptome Architecture of Osteoblastic Cells Infected With Staphylococcus aureus Reveals Strong Inflammatory Responses and Signatures of Metabolic and Epigenetic Dysregulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854242. [PMID: 35531332 PMCID: PMC9067450 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a range of devastating diseases including chronic osteomyelitis, which partially relies on the internalization and persistence of S. aureus in osteoblasts. The identification of the mechanisms of the osteoblast response to intracellular S. aureus is thus crucial to improve the knowledge of this infectious pathology. Since the signal from specifically infected bacteria-bearing cells is diluted and the results are confounded by bystander effects of uninfected cells, we developed a novel model of long-term infection. Using a flow cytometric approach we isolated only S. aureus-bearing cells from mixed populations that allows to identify signals specific to intracellular infection. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the effect of long-term S. aureus infection on the transcriptional program of human osteoblast-like cells. After RNA-seq and KEGG and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis, the remodeled transcriptomic profile of infected cells revealed exacerbated immune and inflammatory responses, as well as metabolic dysregulations that likely influence the intracellular life of bacteria. Numerous genes encoding epigenetic regulators were downregulated. The later included genes coding for components of chromatin-repressive complexes (e.g., NuRD, BAHD1 and PRC1) and epifactors involved in DNA methylation. Sets of genes encoding proteins of cell adhesion or neurotransmission were also deregulated. Our results suggest that intracellular S. aureus infection has a long-term impact on the genome and epigenome of host cells, which may exert patho-physiological dysfunctions additionally to the defense response during the infection process. Overall, these results not only improve our conceptual understanding of biological processes involved in the long-term S. aureus infections of osteoblast-like cells, but also provide an atlas of deregulated host genes and biological pathways and identify novel markers and potential candidates for prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Nicolas
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Martine Deplanche
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Commere
- Cytometry and Biomarkers Centre de Ressources et Recherches Technologiques (C2RT), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Alan Diot
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Universit´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Lyon, France
| | - Clemence Genthon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Unité Service 1426 (US1426), Transcriptome Plateforme Technologique (GeT-PlaGe), Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Wanderson Marques da Silva
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pierre Germon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Université François Rabelais, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), Tours, France
| | - Hélène Jamme
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique et Développement (BREED), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Biologie de la Reproduction, Environnement, Epigénétique et Développement (BREED), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Guédon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
| | - Fréderic Laurent
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308 (UMR5308), Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, Universit´ Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci, Lyon, France
| | - Hélène Bierne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nadia Berkova
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Institut Agro, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l’OEuf (STLO), Rennes, France
- *Correspondence: Nadia Berkova,
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Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Differentially Regulate Nrf2 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells: Relation to Distinct Innate Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123426. [PMID: 34943933 PMCID: PMC8700232 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are major mastitis causing pathogens in dairy cattle but elicit distinct immune and an inflammatory response in the udder. However, the host determinants responsible for this difference remains largely unknown. Our initial studies focused on the global transcriptomic response of primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (pbMECs) to heat-killed E. coli and S. aureus. RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis demonstrates a significant difference in expression profiles induced by E. coli compared with S. aureus. A major differential response was the activation of innate immune response by E. coli, but not by S. aureus. Interestingly, E. coli stimulation increased transcript abundance of several genes downstream of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) that were enriched in gene sets with a focus on metabolism and immune system. However, none of these genes was dysregulated by S. aureus. Western blot analysis confirms that S. aureus impairs Nrf2 activation as compared to E. coli. Using Nrf2-knockdown cells we demonstrate that Nrf2 is necessary for bpMECs to mount an effective innate defensive response. In support of this notion, nuclear Nrf2 overexpression augmented S. aureus-stimulated inflammatory response. We also show that, unlike E. coli, S. aureus disrupts the non-canonical p62/SQSTM1-Keap1 pathway responsible for Nrf2 activation through inhibiting p62/SQSTM1 phosphorylation at S349. Collectively, our findings provide important insights into the contribution of the Nrf2 pathway to the pathogen-species specific immune response in bovine mammary epithelial cells and raise a possibility that impairment of Nrf2 activation contributes to, at least in part, the weak inflammatory response in S. aureus mastitis.
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12
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Xu F, Li Q, Wang S, Bai J, Dong M, Xiao G, Wang J. Lactobacillus casei JY300-8 generated by 12C6+ beams mutagenesis inhibits tumor progression by modulating the gut microbiota in mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Mirzaei R, Dehkhodaie E, Bouzari B, Rahimi M, Gholestani A, Hosseini-Fard SR, Keyvani H, Teimoori A, Karampoor S. Dual role of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids on host and pathogen. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112352. [PMID: 34840032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of documents shows microbiota produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as crucial executors of diet-based microbial influence the host and bacterial pathogens. The production of SCFAs depends on the metabolic activity of intestinal microflora and is also affected by dietary changes. SCFAs play important roles in maintaining colonic health as an energy source, as a regulator of gene expression and cell differentiation, and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Additionally, the regulated expression of virulence genes is critical for successful infection by an intestinal pathogen. Bacteria rely on sensing environmental signals to find preferable niches and reach the infectious state. This review will present data supporting the diverse functional roles of microbiota-derived butyrate, propionate, and acetate on host cellular activities such as immune modulation, energy metabolism, nervous system, inflammation, cellular differentiation, and anti-tumor effects, among others. On the other hand, we will discuss and summarize data about the role of these SCFAs on the virulence factor of bacterial pathogens. In this regard, receptors and signaling routes for SCFAs metabolites in host and pathogens will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Dehkhodaie
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bouzari
- Department of Pathology, Firouzgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mandana Rahimi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Gholestani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Afroj S, Brannen AD, Nasrin S, Al Mouslem A, Hathcock T, Maxwell H, Rasmussen-Ivey CR, Sandage MJ, Davis EW, Panizzi P, Wang C, Liles MR. Bacillus velezensis AP183 Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Proliferation in Murine and Bovine Disease Models. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746410. [PMID: 34690995 PMCID: PMC8533455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of S. aureus antimicrobial resistance has spurred interest in identifying alternative therapeutants. We investigated the S. aureus-inhibitory capacity of B. velezensis strains in mouse and bovine models. Among multiple B. velezensis strains that inhibited S. aureus growth in vitro, B. velezensis AP183 provided the most potent inhibition of S. aureus proliferation and bioluminescence in a mouse cutaneous wound (P = 0.02). Histology revealed abundant Gram-positive cocci in control wounds that were reduced in B. velezensis AP183-treated tissues. Experiments were then conducted to evaluate the ability of B. velezensis AP183 to prevent S. aureus biofilm formation on a tracheostomy tube substrate. B. velezensis AP183 could form a biofilm on a tracheostomy tube inner cannula substrate, and that this biofilm was antagonistic to S. aureus colonization. B. velezensis AP183 was also observed to inhibit the growth of S. aureus isolates originated from bovine mastitis cases. To evaluate the inflammatory response of mammary tissue to intramammary inoculation with B. velezensis AP183, we used high dose and low dose inocula in dairy cows. At the high dose, a significant increase in somatic cell count (SCC) and clinical mastitis was observed at all post-inoculation time points (P < 0.01), which resolved quickly compared to S. aureus-induced mastitis; in contrast, the lower dose of B. velezensis AP183 resulted in a slight increase of SCC and no clinical mastitis. In a subsequent experiment, all mammary quarters in four cows were induced to have grade 1 clinical mastitis by intramammary inoculation of a S. aureus mastitis isolate; following mastitis induction, eight quarters were treated with B. velezensis AP183 and milk samples were collected from pretreatment and post-treatment samples for 9 days. In groups treated with B. velezensis AP183, SCC and abundance of S. aureus decreased with significant reductions in S. aureus after 3 days post-inoculation with AP183 (P = 0.04). A milk microbiome analysis revealed significant reductions in S. aureus relative abundance in the AP183-treated group by 8 days post-inoculation (P = 0.02). These data indicate that B. velezensis AP183 can inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation and its proliferation in murine and bovine disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayma Afroj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Andrew D Brannen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Shamima Nasrin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Abdulaziz Al Mouslem
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Terri Hathcock
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Herris Maxwell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | | | - Mary J Sandage
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Edward W Davis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Peter Panizzi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Mark R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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15
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Ying YT, Ren WJ, Tan X, Yang J, Liu R, Du AF. Annexin A2-Mediated Internalization of Staphylococcus aureus into Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Requires Its Interaction with Clumping Factor B. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2090. [PMID: 34683411 PMCID: PMC8538401 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of contagious mastitis in dairy cattle. Internalization of S. aureus by bovine mammary gland epithelial cells is thought to be responsible for persistent and chronic intramammary infection, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the role of Annexin A2 (AnxA2), a membrane-binding protein, in S. aureus invasion into bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). In vitro binding assays were performed to co-immunoprecipitate the binding proteins of AnxA2 in the lysates of S. aureus. RESULTS AnxA2 mediated the internalization but not adherence of S. aureus. Engagement of AnxA2 stimulated an integrin-linked protein kinase (ILK)/p38 MAPK cascade to induce S. aureus invasion. One of the AnxA2-precipitated proteins was identified as S. aureus clumping factor B (ClfB) through use of mass spectrometry. Direct binding of ClfB to AnxA2 was further confirmed by using a pull-down assay. Pre-incubation with recombinant ClfB protein enhanced S. aureus internalization, an effect that was specially blocked by anti-AnxA2 antibody. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that binding of ClfB to AnxA2 has a function in promoting S. aureus internalization. Targeting the interaction of ClfB and AnxA2 may confer protection against S. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tian Ying
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei-Jia Ren
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xun Tan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
| | - Ai-Fang Du
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Y.-T.Y.); (W.-J.R.); (J.Y.); (R.L.); (A.-F.D.)
- Veterinary Medical Center, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Steinberg RS, Silva LCSE, de Souza MR, Reis RB, Bicalho AF, Nunes JPS, Dias AAM, Nicoli JR, Neumann E, Nunes ÁC. Prospecting of potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria from bovine mammary ecosystem: imminent partners from bacteriotherapy against bovine mastitis. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:189-206. [PMID: 34498226 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most important causes of loss of cattle production, burdening producers due to the increased cost of milk production and decreased herd productivity. The development of alternative methods for the treatment and prevention of mastitis other than traditional chemical antibiotic therapy needs to be implemented to meet international pressures to reduce the use of these drugs and promote the elimination of multiresistant microbial strains from the environment. Treatment with probiotic bacteria or yeast strains offers a possible strategy for the control of mastitis. The objective of this work was to isolate, identify, and characterize lactic bacteria from milk and the intramammary duct of Gyr, Guzerat, Girolando 1/2, and Holstein cattle breeds from Brazil. Samples of 115 cows were taken, a total of 192 bacteria isolates belonging to 30 species were obtained, and 81 were selected to evaluate their probiotic potential in in vitro characterization tests. In general, bacteria isolated from the mammary gland have low autoaggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity, and co-aggregation with mastitis etiological bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Also, they have biofilm assembly capacity, inability to produce exopolysaccharides, high production of H2O2, and strong antagonism against mastitis pathogens. Ten lactic bacteria isolates were used in co-culture with human MDA-MB-231 breast epithelial cells to assess their adhesion capacity and impairment of the S. aureus invasion. Our results, therefore, contribute to the future production of new prevention and treatment tools for bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S Steinberg
- Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Campus Bambuí, Rodovia Bambuí/Medeiros - km 05, Caixa Postal 05, Bambuí, MG, 38900-000, Brazil.
| | - Lilian C Silva E Silva
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo R de Souza
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Reis
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano F Bicalho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João P S Nunes
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana A M Dias
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro C Nunes
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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17
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Shin M, Mun D, Choi HJ, Kim S, Payne SM, Kim Y. Identification of a New Antimicrobial Agent against Bovine Mastitis-Causing Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9968-9978. [PMID: 34406764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus RF122 is a major pathogen that causes bovine mastitis, which is the most prevalent and costly disease in the milk and dairy industry. S. aureus expresses various virulence factors that are especially highly associated with iron metabolism, and the bacterial ferrous iron transport system Feo is important for bacterial growth or virulence in mammalian hosts. In this study, we evaluated a new antimicrobial agent, PHT-427, targeting the S. aureus RF122 Feo system for the prevention of bovine mastitis. Various analyses on in vitro enzymatic assays, growth inhibition, virulence expressions, and toxicity of animal model systems were conducted to characterize the inhibition properties of PHT-427. This small molecule efficiently inhibited enzyme activity of FeoB and bacterial growth. PHT-427 attenuated various virulence factors related to milk quality, including staphyloxanthin production, biofilm formation, and coagulation. Considering the high frequency of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus in bovine mastitis isolates, PHT-427 synergistically enhanced bacterial antibiotic susceptibility and further inhibited global Gram-positive bacterial growth. Unlike its effects on bacteria, the inhibitor did not show any toxicity on animal model systems. These results indicate that the S. aureus Feo system represents a good target for antimicrobial strategies, and this new antimicrobial agent may represent a promising biotechnological application for preventing S. aureus-induced bovine mastitis in the milk and dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Republic of Korea
| | - Shelley M Payne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Natural Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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18
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Jayashree S, Sivakumar R, Karthikeyan R, Gunasekaran P, Rajendhran J. Genome-wide identification of probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) fitness genes during adhesion to the intestinal epithelial cells Caco-2. Gene 2021; 803:145890. [PMID: 34375634 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is an efficient probiotic strain extensively used worldwide because of its several health benefits. Adhesion to the intestinal cells is one of the prerequisites for a probiotic strain. To identify the genes essential for the adhesion of EcN on the intestinal cells, we utilized a quantitative genetic footprinting approach called transposon insertion sequencing (INSeq). A transposon insertion mutant library of EcN comprising of ~17,000 mutants was used to screen the adherence to the intestinal epithelial cells, Caco-2. The transposon insertion sites were identified from the input and output population by employing next-generation sequencing using the Ion torrent platform. Based on the relative abundance of reads in the input and output pools, we identified 113 candidate genes that are essential for the fitness of EcN during the adhesion and colonization on the Caco-2 cells. Functional categorization revealed that these fitness genes are associated with carbohydrate transport and metabolism, cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, post-translational modification, stress response, motility and adhesion, and signal transduction. To further validate the genes identified in our INSeq analysis, we constructed individual knock-out mutants in five genes (cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase (gmp), hda, uidC, leuO, and hypothetical protein-coding gene). We investigated their ability to adhere to Caco-2 cells. Evaluation of these mutants showed reduced adhesion on Caco-2 cells, confirming their role in adhesion. Understanding the functions of these genes may provide novel insights into molecular regulation during colonization of probiotic bacteria to the intestinal cells, and useful to develop designer probiotic strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramamoorthy Sivakumar
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | - Raman Karthikeyan
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India
| | | | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India.
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19
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Sharun K, Dhama K, Tiwari R, Gugjoo MB, Iqbal Yatoo M, Patel SK, Pathak M, Karthik K, Khurana SK, Singh R, Puvvala B, Amarpal, Singh R, Singh KP, Chaicumpa W. Advances in therapeutic and managemental approaches of bovine mastitis: a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2021; 41:107-136. [PMID: 33509059 PMCID: PMC7906113 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1882713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura, India
| | - Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Patel
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Pathak
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- Central University Laboratory, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rahul Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavani Puvvala
- Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Veterinary Education and Research, Kurumbapet, Puducherry, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karam Pal Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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20
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Maity S, Ambatipudi K. Response to Comments on “Mammary microbial dysbiosis leads to the zoonosis of bovine mastitis: a One-Health perspective” by Maity and Ambatipudi. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6294908. [PMID: 34100931 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
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21
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Narayanan KB, Park GT, Han SS. Biocompatible, antibacterial, polymeric hydrogels active against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains for food packaging applications. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: An Update on Antagonistic Interactions between Probiotics and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2194-2211. [PMID: 33881575 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) havoc is a global multifaceted crisis endowing a significant challenge for the successful eradication of devastating pathogens. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an enduring superbug involved in causing devastating infections. Although MRSA is a frequent colonizer of human skin, wound, and anterior nares, the intestinal colonization of MRSA has greatly increased the risk of inducing MRSA-associated colitis besides creating a conducive environment for horizontal transfer of resistant genes to commensal microbes. On the other hand, staphylococcal resistance to last-resort antibiotics has urged the development of novel antimicrobial agents for the effective decolonization of MRSA. In response, probiotics and their metabolites (postbiotics) have been proposed as the adjunct therapeutic avenues. Probiotics exhibit a multitude of anti-MRSA actions (anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, anti-virulence, anti-drug resistance, co-aggregation, and anti-quorum sensing) through the production of numerous antagonistic compounds such as organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, low molecular weight compounds, biosurfactants, bacteriocins, and bacteriocins like inhibitory substances. Besides, probiotics stabilize the epithelial barrier function and positively modulate the host immune system via regulating various signal transduction mechanisms. Preclinical and human intervention studies have suggested that probiotics outcompete with MRSA by exhibiting anti-colonization mechanisms via protective, competitive, and displacement mode. In this review, we aim to highlight the dynamics of MRSA associated virulence and drug resistance properties, and how probiotics antagonize MRSA through various mechanism of action.
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Maity S, Ambatipudi K. Mammary microbial dysbiosis leads to the zoonosis of bovine mastitis: a One-Health perspective. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6006870. [PMID: 33242081 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is a prototypic emerging and reemerging bacterial disease that results in cut-by-cut torture to animals, public health and the global economy. Pathogenic microbes causing mastitis have overcome a series of hierarchical barriers resulting in the zoonotic transmission from bovines to humans either by proximity or remotely through milk and meat. The disease control is challenging and has been attributed to faulty surveillance systems to monitor their emergence at the human-animal interface. The complex interaction between the pathogens, the hidden pathobionts and commensals of the bovine mammary gland that create a menace during mastitis remains unexplored. Here, we review the zoonotic potential of these pathogens with a primary focus on understanding the interplay between the host immunity, mammary ecology and the shift from symbiosis to dysbiosis. We also address the pros and cons of the current management strategies and the extent of the success in implementing the One-Health approach to keep these pathogens at bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipa Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, , India
| | - Kiran Ambatipudi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, , India
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Filor V, Petry M, Meißner J, Kietzmann M. Precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) as an in-vitro-model of an early phase of infection of bovine mastitis. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:120. [PMID: 33726750 PMCID: PMC7962284 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02817-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to establish precision-cut bovine udder slices (PCBUS) as an in-vitro-model to investigate pathophysiological processes in the early phase of mastitis in order to have the possibility to investigate new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of such udder inflammation in later studies. Furthermore, this model should contribute to substitute in-vivo-experiments. Bovine mastitis is one of the most common and costly infectious diseases in the dairy industry, which is largely associated with the use of antimicrobial agents. Given this problem of antimicrobial resistance, it is essential to step up research into bacterial infectious diseases. Thus, the transfer of the in-vitro-model of precision-cut tissue slices to the bovine udder enables broad research into new therapeutic approaches in this area and can also be used to address issues in basic research or the characterisation of complex pathophysiological processes. Results A stimulation with LPS, PGN or the combination of both substances (LPS:PGN) demonstrates the ability of the PCBUS to react with a significant secretion of IL-1ß, TNF-α and PGE2. Conclusion The slices represent an instrument for investigating pharmacological interactions with udder tissue, which can be useful for studies on pharmacological questions and the understanding of complex pathophysiological processes of infection and inflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02817-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Filor
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Monique Petry
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Meißner
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Kietzmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
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Fu J, Wang T, Xiao X, Cheng Y, Wang F, Jin M, Wang Y, Zong X. Clostridium Butyricum ZJU-F1 Benefits the Intestinal Barrier Function and Immune Response Associated with Its Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Weaned Piglets. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030527. [PMID: 33801396 PMCID: PMC8001369 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary C. butyricum ZJU-F1 on the apparent digestibility of nutrients, intestinal barrier function, immune response, and microflora of weaned piglets, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the application of Clostridium butyricum as an alternative to antibiotics in weaned piglets. A total of 120 weanling piglets were randomly divided into four treatment groups, in which piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with antibiotics (CON), Bacillus licheniformis (BL), Clostridium butyricum ZJU-F1 (CB), or Clostridium butyricum and Bacillus licheniformis (CB-BL), respectively. The results showed that CB and CB-BL treatment increased the intestinal digestibility of nutrients, decreased intestinal permeability, and increased intestinal tight junction protein and mucin expression, thus maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. CB and CB-BL, as exogenous probiotics, were also found to stimulate the immune response of weaned piglets and improve the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the ileum. In addition, dietary CB and CB-BL increased the proportion of Lactobacillus. The levels of butyric acid, propionic acid, acetic acid, and total acid were significantly increased in the ceca of piglets fed CB and CB-BL. Furthermore, we validated the effects of C. butyricum ZJU-F1 on the intestinal barrier function and immune response in vitro and found C. butyricum ZJU-F1 improved intestinal function and enhanced the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Tenghao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Yuanzhi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
| | - Fengqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.F.); (T.W.); (X.X.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (M.J.)
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); (X.Z.)
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26
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Protective function of surface layer protein from Lactobacillus casei fb05 against intestinal pathogens in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 546:15-20. [PMID: 33561743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.01.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli and Salmonella are common pathogenic bacteria in human intestine, which can infect epithelial cells and cause diseases. Adhesion to intestinal tissue is the first step of pathogen infection. This work was to investigate the protective function of surface layer protein (SLP) from Lactobacillus casei fb05 against the harmful effects of E. coli and Salmonella on intestinal tissue (collagen and HT-29 cells). The SLP of L. casei fb05 was identified by transmission electron microscopy and SDS-PAGE. The purified SLP could reduce the adhesion of E. coli and Salmonella to collagen and HT-29 cells as observed by light microscope. The flow cytometry results showed that the L. casei fb05 SLP decreased the two pathogens-induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells by about 45%-49%. In addition, the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 caused by the two pathogens was significantly declined by the interference of the L. casei fb05 SLP. All the findings demonstrated that the L. casei fb05 SLP could decrease the deleterious effects of E. coli and Salmonella on intestinal tract in two ways: reducing pathogen adhesion and inhibiting pathogen-induced apoptosis. The potential of L. casei fb05 SLP in the treatment of intestinal diseases might be explored in this work.
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Blanchet F, Rault L, Peton V, Le Loir Y, Blondeau C, Lenoir L, Dubourdeaux M, Even S. Heat inactivation partially preserved barrier and immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:95-106. [PMID: 33393446 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics could help combat infections and reduce antibiotic use. As use of live bacteria is limited in some cases by safety or regulatory concerns, the potential of inactivated bacteria is worth investigating. We evaluated the potential of live and heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 to counteract Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infection cycles in an in vitro model of bovine mastitis. We assessed the ability of live and inactivated LA806 to impair pathogen colonisation of bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) and to modulate cytokine expression by pathogen-stimulated bMECs. Live LA806 induced a five-fold decrease in S. aureus adhesion and internalisation (while not affecting E. coli colonisation) and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by S. aureus-stimulated bMECs (without interfering with the immune response to E. coli). The ability of inactivated LA806 ability to diminish S. aureus colonisation was two-fold lower than that of the live strain, but its anti-inflammatory properties were barely impacted. Even though LA806 effects were impaired after inactivation, both live and inactivated LA806 have barrier and immunomodulatory properties that could be useful to counteract S. aureus colonisation in the bovine mammary gland. As S. aureus is involved in various types of infection, LA806 potential would worth exploring in other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blanchet
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France.,Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Rault
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - V Peton
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France.,Wamine, 20, rue du Docteur-Finlay, 75738 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Y Le Loir
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - C Blondeau
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - L Lenoir
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - M Dubourdeaux
- Groupe PiLeJe, 37 Quai de Grenelle 75015 Paris, France
| | - S Even
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, Rennes, 35042, France
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Sevin S, Karaca B, Haliscelik O, Kibar H, OmerOglou E, Kiran F. Postbiotics secreted by Lactobacillus sakei EIR/CM-1 isolated from cow milk microbiota, display antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against ruminant mastitis-causing pathogens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1958077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Sevin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- The Company of Sentezfarma, Ankara University Technopolis, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Basar Karaca
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Haliscelik
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hazal Kibar
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine OmerOglou
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fadime Kiran
- Pharmabiotic Technologies Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Kalaycı Yüksek F, Gümüş D, Gündoğan Gİ, Anğ Küçüker M. Cell-Free Lactobacillus sp Supernatants Modulate Staphylococcus aureus Growth, Adhesion and Invasion to Human Osteoblast (HOB) Cells. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:125-132. [PMID: 33108492 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The increase of antibiotic resistance has become a problem. Probiotic bacteria play an important role in preventive/supportive medicine. Therefore, we examined the inhibitory effects of four different Lactobacillus species' (L. acidophilus-La, L. plantarum-Lp, L. fermentum-Lf and L. rhamnosus-Lr) cell-free supernatants (CFSs) on growth, adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus and effects of S. aureus, CFSs, and S. aureus-CFSs co-existence on human osteoblast (HOB) cell viability. Growth alterations were measured spectrophotometrically. Adhesive/invasive bacterial counts were detected by colony counting. Biofilm was evaluated using microtiter plate assay. The MTT assay was used for detection of HOB cell viability. The growth of MSSA significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in the presence of two CFSs (Lf and Lr) (P < 0.01); the growth of MRSA significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the presence of La CFSs. All tested CFSs were found to reduce adhesion and invasion of MSSA (P < 0.0001). The adhesion of MRSA was enhanced (P < 0.0001) in the presence of all CFSs except La and the invasion of MRSA was decreased (P < 0.01) in the presence of Lr and Lf CFSs. All tested CFSs were shown to inhibit biofilm formation significantly (P < 0.0001). The reduction of S. aureus infected HOB cell viability and exposed to all CFSs except Lr that was found to be significant (P < 0.0001). The viability of HOB cell during co-incubation with MSSA and CFSs was shown to be decreased significantly. However co-existence of MRSA and CFSs did not alter HOB cell viability. These results suggested that lactobacilli as probiotics have low protective effects on MRSA-infected host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Kalaycı Yüksek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Defne Gümüş
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül İpek Gündoğan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mine Anğ Küçüker
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University, Istanbul, Turkey
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30
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Du M, Liu X, Xu J, Li S, Wang S, Zhu Y, Wang J. Antimicrobial Effect of Zophobas morio Hemolymph against Bovine Mastitis Pathogens. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101488. [PMID: 32998225 PMCID: PMC7601528 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coliforms and Staphylococcus spp. infections are the leading causes of bovine mastitis. Despite extensive research and development in antibiotics, they have remained inadequately effective in treating bovine mastitis induced by multiple pathogen infection. In the present study, we showed the protective effect of Zophobas morio (Z. morio) hemolymph on bovine mammary epithelial cells against bacterial infection. Z. morio hemolymph directly kills both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria through membrane permeation and prevents the adhesion of E. coli or the clinically isolated S. simulans strain to bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells. In addition, Z. morio hemolymph downregulates the expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and NLRP6, as well as inhibits the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, which attenuates E. coli or S. simulans-induced pyroptosis. Overall, our results suggest the potential role of Z. morio hemolymph as a novel therapeutic candidate for bovine mastitis.
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Pena JL, Gonçalves Schwarz DG, Willian de Lima Brasil A, Licursi de Oliveira L, Albuquerque Caldeira JL, Scatamburlo Moreira MA. Differences in the coinfective process of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae in bovine mammary epithelial cells infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104476. [PMID: 32941969 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The interactions between Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and the causative agents of bovine mastitis are still relatively unknown. Still, it is suspected that they may contribute to the worsening and persistence of mastitis within the mammary epithelial cells. Considering the growing economic implications of paratuberculosis and subclinical mastitis in dairy herds, this study aimed to determine the coinfection interaction between MAP and S. aureus or S. agalactiae in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) in an ex-vivo model. For this purpose, internalisation tests of MAP + S. aureus or MAP + S. agalactiae were performed in MAC-T cells for 10, 30 and 120 min. The qPCR was performed to quantify internalised MAP at the time of exposure. Colony-forming units were counted on BHI agar medium for internalised subclinical mastitis bacteria at each time of infection. Viability tests of MAC-T cells, using the lactate dehydrogenase assay, were performed. The results showed that in the MAC-T cells previously infected by MAP and subsequently by S. aureus, there was a rapid internalisation in the first 10 min, maintaining a higher number of internalised bacteria during all exposure times. Regarding MAP + S. agalactiae, there were no changes in the internalisation patterns. The amount of MAP remained constant at all times evaluated, and there was no compromise in the viability of MAC-T cells during the tests. Thus, the results demonstrate the existence of an interaction between MAP + S. aureus, favouring internalisation and being able to contribute to the persistence of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnia Luísa Pena
- Department of Veterinary, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Arthur Willian de Lima Brasil
- Department of Morphology, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I Centro de Ciências da Saúde, João Pessoa, PA, Brazil.
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Ménard G, Bonnaure-Mallet M, Donnio PY. Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to epithelial cells: an in vitro approach to study interactions within the nasal microbiota. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:1253-1261. [PMID: 32909934 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Staphylococcus aureus is a skin and mucous commensal bacterium of warm-blooded animals. In humans, the nose is the main ecological niche of S. aureus, and nasal carriage is a risk factor for developing an endogenous infection. S. aureus nasal colonization is a multifactorial process, involving inter-species interactions among the nasal microbiota.Aims. The objectives of this study were to characterize the microbiota of carriers and non-carriers of S. aureus and to demonstrate the importance of inter-species relationships in the adhesion of S. aureus, a key step in nasal colonization.Methodology. First, we characterized the nasal microbiota from 30 S. aureus carriers and non-carriers by a culturomic approach. We then evaluated the adhesion of S. aureus, first alone and then along with other bacteria of the nasal microbiota. To do that, we used an in vitro model to measure the interactions among bacteria in the presence of epithelial cells.Results. Analysis of the nasal microbiota of the carriers and non-carriers of S. aureus made it possible to observe that each microbiota has specific features in terms of composition. However, this composition differs significantly between carriers and non-carriers mainly through two bacterial groups: coagulase-negative staphylococci and corynebacteria. In a second part, adhesion of S. aureus to epithelial cells showed competition between S. aureus and these bacteria, suggesting a limitation of nasal colonization by S. aureus.Conclusion. These findings demonstrate the existence of a negative correlation between S. aureus and other species which inhibits adhesion and could limit nasal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Ménard
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm BRM UMR 1230, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Leite EL, Gautron A, Deplanche M, Nicolas A, Ossemond J, Nguyen MT, do Carmo FLR, Gilot D, Azevedo V, Goetz F, Le Loir Y, Otto M, Berkova N. Involvement of caspase-1 in inflammasomes activation and bacterial clearance in S. aureus-infected osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13204. [PMID: 32176433 PMCID: PMC10988652 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a versatile Gram-positive bacterium, is the main cause of bone and joint infections (BJI), which are prone to recurrence. The inflammasome is an immune signaling platform that assembles after pathogen recognition. It activates proteases, most notably caspase-1 that proteolytically matures and promotes the secretion of mature IL-1β and IL-18. The role of inflammasomes and caspase-1 in the secretion of mature IL-1β and in the defence of S. aureus-infected osteoblasts has not yet been fully investigated. We show here that S. aureus-infected osteoblast-like MG-63 but not caspase-1 knock-out CASP1 -/- MG-63 cells, which were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, activate the inflammasome as monitored by the release of mature IL-1β. The effect was strain-dependent. The use of S. aureus deletion and complemented phenole soluble modulins (PSMs) mutants demonstrated a key role of PSMs in inflammasomes-related IL-1β production. Furthermore, we found that the lack of caspase-1 in CASP1 -/- MG-63 cells impairs their defense functions, as bacterial clearance was drastically decreased in CASP1 -/- MG-63 compared to wild-type cells. Our results demonstrate that osteoblast-like MG-63 cells play an important role in the immune response against S. aureus infection through inflammasomes activation and establish a crucial role of caspase-1 in bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elma Lima Leite
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte- Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Arthur Gautron
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR [(Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)]-UMR 6290, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Deplanche
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Aurelie Nicolas
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Jordane Ossemond
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Minh Thu Nguyen
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Federal Regulatory Agency for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen 63225, Germany
| | - Fillipe L. R. do Carmo
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte- Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David Gilot
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR [(Institut de génétique et développement de Rennes)]-UMR 6290, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte- Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Friedrich Goetz
- Mikrobielle Genetik, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yves Le Loir
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Michael Otto
- Laboratory of Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892, USA
| | - Nadia Berkova
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France; Agrocampus Ouest, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 1253 STLO, Rennes, France
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Zaatout N, Ayachi A, Kecha M. Staphylococcus aureus persistence properties associated with bovine mastitis and alternative therapeutic modalities. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1102-1119. [PMID: 32416020 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an important agent of contagious bovine intramammary infections in dairy cattle. Its ability to persist inside the udder is based on the presence of important mechanisms such as its ability to form biofilms, polysaccharide capsules small colony variants, and their ability to invade professional and nonprofessional cells, which will protect S. aureus from the innate and adaptive immune response of the cow, and from antibiotics that are no longer considered to be sufficient against S. aureus bovine mastitis. In this review, we present the recent research outlining S. aureus persistence properties inside the mammary gland, including its regulation mechanisms, and we highlight alternative therapeutic strategies that were tested against S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis such as the use of probiotic bacteria, bacteriocins and bacteriophages. Overall, the persistence of S. aureus inside the mammary gland remains a pressing veterinary problem. A thorough understanding of staphylococcal persistence mechanisms will elucidate novel ways that can help in the identification of novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zaatout
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - A Ayachi
- Institute of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Batna, Batna, Algeria
| | - M Kecha
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
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35
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Cheng WN, Jeong CH, Kim DH, Han SG. Short communication: Effects of moringa extract on adhesion and invasion of Escherichia coli O55 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:7416-7424. [PMID: 32475678 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of extract derived from moringa leaves. In particular, the effect of moringa extract (Mor) on adhesion and invasion of Escherichia coli O55, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus simulans, and Serratia liquefaciens was evaluated in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). Broth microdilution method, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration assays, adhesion and invasion assays, and real-time PCR were performed. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Mor ranged from 12.5 to 50 mg/mL on 18 out of 27 tested isolates. Treatment of E. coli O55 with Mor (100 and 200 μg/mL) inhibited the adhesion and invasion on MAC-T cells via downregulation of adhesion factors (i.e., papC, f17c-A, and eaeA). Also, when MAC-T cells were pretreated with Mor (200 μg/mL, 12 h) and incubated with E. coli O55, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus simulans, or Serratia liquefaciens, both E. coli O55 and Enterococcus faecalis showed a significant decrease in adhesion and invasion. Staphylococcus simulans exhibited decreased adhesion and increased invasion. Serratia liquefaciens showed increased adhesion and decreased invasion. In addition, Mor increased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1, and thioredoxin reductase 1) in MAC-T cells. In conclusion, 12.5 to 50 mg/mL of Mor exhibited antibacterial activity against 18 out of 27 tested isolates. Also, pretreatment of 200 μg/mL of Mor to MAC-T cells modulated adhesion and invasion of E. coli O55 and other mastitis-associated pathogens. Furthermore, Mor increased antioxidant capacities in MAC-T cells, but further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N Cheng
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - S G Han
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Schwarz DGG, Pena JL, Carvalho IA, Silva Júnior A, Moreira MAS. Inhibition of Escherichia coli invasion into bovine mammary epithelial cells previously infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Vet Q 2020; 40:43-50. [PMID: 31939335 PMCID: PMC7734034 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1716278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coinfection process of Escherichia coli, an etiological agent of clinical mastitis and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a non-mastitic etiological agent in the bovine mammary gland is not fully known. Objective Verify the ability of MAP to interfere with the invasion and translocation of E. coli in bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). Methods For the invasion assay, MAC-T cells were challenged with MAP K10 for 2 h and then challenged with E. coli for 10, 30 and 120 min. For the translocation assay, the trans well plates were used and the challenge sequence was repeated as previously described. The amount of E. coli in the assays was determined by counting colony forming units (CFU) in Luria-Bertani medium. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify MAP in MAC-T cells. To verify the viability of the MAC-T cells, the MTT assay was performed. MAP culture supernatant was also evaluated at different percentages for E. coli growth. Results Previous MAP infection in MAC-T cells inhibited E. coli invasion in 10, 30 and 120 min. No significant interference of MAP in the translocation of E. coli from the apical-basal direction was verified. Quantity of MAP DNA inside the MAC-T cells was statistically similar. Neither reduction in MAC-T cells viability was detected during the experiment nor MAP-released factor in the supernatant inhibited E. coli invasion. Conclusion These findings suggest that MAP-positive cows could be more resistant to E. coli infection, but when infected, could rapidly translocate E. coli to the subepithelial region.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Germano G Schwarz
- Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Campus Cinobelina Elvas (CPCE), Bom Jesus, PI, Brazil
| | - Junnia L Pena
- Departament of Veterinary, Sector of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Isabel A Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Abelardo Silva Júnior
- Departament of Veterinary, Sector of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida S Moreira
- Departament of Veterinary, Sector of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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37
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Krishnan D, Al-harbi H, Gibson J, Olchowy T, Alawneh J. On the use of probiotics to improve dairy cattle health and productivity. MICROBIOLOGY AUSTRALIA 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ma20022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are genetically identifiable, live microorganisms that when administered in adequate amounts, confer appropriately sized health benefit (e.g. correcting dysbiosis, immunomodulatory effect) on a target host. In cattle, probiotics have shown promising results and long-term benefits in productivity when used on animals under stress. The health and production benefits of probiotics were attributed to improvement in fermentation in rumen and intestine, the stabilisation of rumen pH, and improvements in the intestinal barriers. In the bovine udder, a dysbiosis of the commensal intramammary microbiota and the presence of mastitis causing-bacteria has been linked to increased intramammary infections. Probiotic bacteria capable of biofilm formation inside the udder either serve as a barrier against pathogens or disrupt and replace biofilms formed by pathogens. Over the past two decades, several types of probiotics have been used as feed additives; however, the effect of probiotic use on disease prevention and cattle health and performance indicators, and characterisation of the immunomodulatory association between probiotic microbiota and host target system microbiota are yet to be quantified or documented.
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38
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Kitching M, Mathur H, Flynn J, Byrne N, Dillon P, Sayers R, Rea MC, Hill C, Ross RP. A Live Bio-Therapeutic for Mastitis, Containing Lactococcus lactis DPC3147 With Comparable Efficacy to Antibiotic Treatment. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2220. [PMID: 31611858 PMCID: PMC6777139 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an ongoing significant concern in the dairy and agricultural industry resulting in substantial losses in milk production and revenue. Among the predominant etiological agents of bovine mastitis are Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Escherichia coli. Currently, the treatment of choice for bovine mastitis involves the use of commercial therapeutic antibiotic formulations such as TerrexineTM, containing both kanamycin and cephalexin. Such antibiotics are regularly administered in more than one dose resulting in the withholding of milk for processing for a number of days. Here, we describe the optimization of a formulation of Lactococcus lactis DPC3147, that produces the two-component bacteriocin lacticin 3147, in a liquid paraffin-based emulsion (formulation hereafter designated ‘live bio-therapeutic’) for the first time and compare it to the commercial antibiotic formulation TerrexineTM, with a view to treating cows with clinical/sub-clinical mastitis. Critically, in a field trial described here, this ‘ready-to-use’ emulsion containing live L. lactis DPC3147 cells exhibited comparable efficacy to TerrexineTM when used to treat mastitic cows. Furthermore, we found that the L. lactis cells within this novel emulsion-based formulation remained viable for up to 5 weeks, when stored at 4, 22, or 37°C. The relative ease and cost-effective nature of producing this ‘live bio-therapeutic’ formulation, in addition to its enhanced shelf life compared to previous aqueous-based formulations, indicate that this product could be a viable alternative therapeutic option for bovine mastitis. Moreover, the single-dose administration of this ‘live bio-therapeutic’ formulation is a further advantage, as it can expedite the return of the milk to the milk pool, in comparison to some commercial antibiotics. Overall, in this field trial, we show that the live bio-therapeutic formulation displayed a 47% cure rate compared to a 50% cure rate for a commercial antibiotic control, with respect to curing cows with clinical/sub-clinical mastitis. The study suggests that a larger field trial to further demonstrate efficacy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kitching
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Harsh Mathur
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - James Flynn
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Byrne
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Pat Dillon
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Riona Sayers
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Within-host evolution of bovine Staphylococcus aureus selects for a SigB-deficient pathotype characterized by reduced virulence but enhanced proteolytic activity and biofilm formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13479. [PMID: 31530887 PMCID: PMC6748969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of bovine mastitis, commonly leading to long-lasting, persistent and recurrent infections. Thereby, S. aureus constantly refines and permanently adapts to the bovine udder environment. In this work, we followed S. aureus within-host adaptation over the course of three months in a naturally infected dairy cattle with chronic, subclinical mastitis. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed a complete replacement of the initial predominant variant by another isogenic variant. We report for the first time within-host evolution towards a sigma factor SigB-deficient pathotype in S. aureus bovine mastitis, associated with a single nucleotide polymorphism in rsbU (G368A → G122D), a contributor to SigB-functionality. The emerged SigB-deficient pathotype exhibits a substantial shift to new phenotypic traits comprising strong proteolytic activity and poly-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG)-based biofilm production. This possibly unlocks new nutritional resources and promotes immune evasion, presumably facilitating extracellular persistence within the host. Moreover, we observed an adaptation towards attenuated virulence using a mouse infection model. This study extends the role of sigma factor SigB in S. aureus pathogenesis, so far described to be required for intracellular persistence during chronic infections. Our findings suggest that S. aureus SigB-deficiency is an alternative mechanism for persistence and underpin the clinical relevance of staphylococcal SigB-deficient variants which are consistently isolated during human chronic infections.
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40
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Angelopoulou A, Warda AK, Hill C, Ross RP. Non-antibiotic microbial solutions for bovine mastitis – live biotherapeutics, bacteriophage, and phage lysins. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:564-580. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1648381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Angelopoulou
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Alicja K. Warda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R. Paul Ross
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
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41
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Internalization, distribution, and activity of peptide H2 against the intracellular multidrug-resistant bovine mastitis-causing bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7968. [PMID: 31138863 PMCID: PMC6538662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, which is difficult to eliminate, prone to escape from antibacterial agents, and may cause recurring infections due to the intracellular nature of its infection and multidrug resistance. In this study, the intracellular activities of the NZ2114 derivative peptide H18R (H2) against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant bovine S. aureus strains were investigated in bovine mammary epithelial MAC-T cells and mouse mammary glands. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of H2 against S. aureus were 0.5‒1 μg/ml; H2 displayed a lower cytotoxicity than its parental peptide NZ2114 (survival rates of MAC-T cells: 100% [H2 treatment] vs 60.7% [NZ2114 (256 μg/ml) treatment]). H2 was internalized into MAC-T cells mainly via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, and distributed in the cytoplasm. The intracellular inhibition rates against MRSA ATCC43300, the mastitis isolates S. aureus CVCC 3051 and E48 were above 99%, 99%, and 94%, respectively; these were higher than those in case of vancomycin (23-47%). In the mouse model of S. aureus E48-induced mastitis, after treatment with 100 μg of H2 and vancomycin, bacterial numbers in each mammary gland were reduced by 3.96- and 1.59-log CFU, respectively. Additionally, similar to NZ2114 and vancomycin, H2 alleviated the histopathological damage of the mammary tissue and polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration in the alveoli. These results suggest that H2 can be used as a safe and effective candidate for treating S. aureus-induced mastitis.
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42
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Targeting gut microbiota as a possible therapy for mastitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:1409-1423. [PMID: 31079312 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis, a disease that affects both dairy herds and humans, is recognized as the most common source of losses in the dairy industry. Antibiotics have been used for years as the primary treatment for mastitis. However, abuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of resistant strains and the presence of drug residues and has increased the difficulty of curing this disease. In addition, antibiotics kill most of the microbes that are present in the digestive tract, leading to imbalances in the gut microbiome and destruction of the ecosystem that is normally present in the gut. Gut microbiota play an important role in the host's health and could be considered the "second brain" of the body. In recent years, the gut microbiota and their metabolites, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been shown to participate in the development of mastitis. LPS is the main component of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria. Overproduction of rumen-derived LPS injures the rumen epithelium, resulting in the entry of LPS into the blood and damaged liver function; once in the blood, it circulates into the mammary gland, increasing blood-barrier permeability and leading to mammary gland inflammation. SCFAs, which are produced by gut microbiota as fermentation products, have a protective effect on mammary gland inflammatory responses and help maintain the function of the blood-milk barrier. Recently, increasing attention has been focused on the use of probiotics as a promising alternative for the treatment of mastitis. This review summarizes the effects of the gut microbiome and its metabolites on mastitis as well as the current of probiotics in mastitis. This work may provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the development of fresh ideas for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.
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43
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The in vitro host cell immune response to bovine-adapted Staphylococcus aureus varies according to bacterial lineage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6134. [PMID: 30992458 PMCID: PMC6467978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is the most economically important disease affecting dairy cattle worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus is a highly prevalent cause of mastitis, causing infections ranging from sub-clinical to gangrenous. However, the interaction between the genotype of the infecting strain of S. aureus and the host response remains largely uncharacterised. To better understand the variation in presentation and outcomes of S. aureus-mediated bovine mastitis, we studied the interaction of a panel of mastitis isolates from several prominent bovine-associated lineages with bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) and neutrophils. Significant differences in immune gene expression by infected primary or immortalised bMEC, or their elaboration of neutrophil chemoattractants, were observed and were dependent on the lineage of the infecting strain. Differences were also apparent in the invasiveness of S. aureus strains and their ability to survive killing by neutrophils. Our results demonstrate that a range of immune responses occur, suggesting the importance of S. aureus strain in dictating mastitis disease course. S. aureus lineages may therefore have adopted differing strategies for exploitation of the intramammary niche. Consequently, improved diagnosis of infecting lineage may enable better prognosis for S. aureus mastitis and reduce morbidity and economic loss.
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44
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Tavakoli M, Habibi Najafi MB, Mohebbi M. Effect of the milk fat content and starter culture selection on proteolysis and antioxidant activity of probiotic yogurt. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01204. [PMID: 30766933 PMCID: PMC6360988 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of milk fat content (0%, 2% and 3.5%) and starter culture (autochthonous or commercial) on physicochemical properties, degree of proteolysis, antioxidant activity and viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus, within 21 days storage of probiotic yogurt at 5 ± 1 °C were investigated. Statistical analysis showed that the type of starter culture had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on proteolysis and antioxidant activity, in such a way that both of them were increased until the 14th day of storage but they decreased after this period. Similarly, the pH value of all samples decreased during storage time. It ranged from 3.84-4.34 and 4.18–4.43 for yogurt samples made by autochthonous and commercial starter culture, respectively. According to the results, the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus decreased during storage time (P < 0.05), although it stood at recommended levels for health effects (at least 106 cfu/ml in traditional yogurt). Milk fat content did not have significant effect on the survival of probiotic organisms (P < 0/05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tavakoli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad B Habibi Najafi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohebbat Mohebbi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P. O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran
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45
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Catozzi C, Cuscó A, Lecchi C, De Carlo E, Vecchio D, Martucciello A, D’Angelo L, Francino O, Sanchez Bonastre A, Ceciliani F. Impact of intramammary inoculation of inactivated Lactobacillus rhamnosus and antibiotics on the milk microbiota of water buffalo with subclinical mastitis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210204. [PMID: 30615691 PMCID: PMC6322744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Water buffalo mastitis represents a major issue in terms of animal health, cost of therapy, premature culling and decreased milk yeld. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to investigate strategies to avoid or reduce antibiotics' based therapies, in particular during subclinical mastitis. The use of Generally Regarded As Safe bacteria (GRAS) such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus to restore the unbalance in mammary gland microbiota could provide potential corrective measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in milk microbiota after the intramammary treatment with inactivated cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus of mammary gland quarters naturally affected by subclinical mastitis as compared to antibiotic therapy.A number of 43 quarters affected by subclinical mastitis with no signs of clinical inflammation and aerobic culture positive for pathogens were included in the study. The experimental design was as follows: 11 quarters were treated with antibiotics, 15 with inactivated cultures of Lactobacillus rhmnosus and 17 with PBS as negative control, by means of intrammary injection. Samples were collected at eight time points, pre- (T-29, T-21, T-15, T-7, T0 days) and post- treatment (T1, T2, and T6 days). Microbiological culture and Somatic Cell Count (SCC) were perfomed on all the samples, and microbiota was determined on milk samples collected at T0 and T6 by amplifying the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene by PCR and sequencing using next generation sequencing technique. Treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus elicited a strong chemotactic response, as determined by a significant increase of leukocytes in milk, but did not change the microbiological culture results of the treated quarters. For what concerns the analysis of the microbiota, the treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced the modification in relative abundance of some genera such as Pseudomonas and 5-7N15. As expected, antibiotic treatment caused major changes in microbiota structure with an increase of Methylobacterium relative abundance. No changes were detected after PBS treatment. In conclusion, the present findings demonstrated that the in vivo intrammmary treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus has a transient pro-inflammatory activity by increasing SCC and is capable to modify the microbiota of milk after six days from inoculation, albeit slightly, even when the bacterial cultures were heat inactivated. Further studies are necessary to assess the potential use of this GRAS as supportive therapy against mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Catozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Cuscó
- Vetgenomics. Ed Eureka. PRUAB. Campus UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Lecchi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Esterina De Carlo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Salerno, Italy
| | - Domenico Vecchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Martucciello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Salerno, Italy
| | - Luisa D’Angelo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, National Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Water Buffalo Farming and Productions, Salerno, Italy
| | - Olga Francino
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Armand Sanchez Bonastre
- Molecular Genetics Veterinary Service (SVGM), Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Ceciliani
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
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46
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Kara M, Kıvanç SA, Olcaysü OO, Akova Budak B, Özmen AT, Kıvanç M, Hörmet Öz HT. The newborn conjunctival flora at the post delivery 24 hours. J Curr Ophthalmol 2018; 30:348-352. [PMID: 30555969 PMCID: PMC6276619 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the aerobic conjunctival flora of neonates and the effects of delivery type on conjunctival flora development in neonates who were born with normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) or elective caesarean section (C/S) and who were not given prophylactic antibiotic eye drops after birth. Methods This cross-sectional study included 95 healthy newborns. One day after the delivery, conjunctival samples were taken from newborns who were born with normal SVD or elective C/S, and not given prophylactic antibiotic eye drops after birth. Newborns with conjunctival hyperemia and discharge were excluded from study. Samples were plated in blood agar, EMB, and chocolate agar. These cultures were incubated at 37 °C for 24-48 h. Antibiotic sensitivity was evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) growth was observed in 7 (70%) and coagulase negative staphylococcus (CNS) growth in 2 (20%) out of 10 eyes with bacterial growth in 9 culture positive newborns born with C/S. Two S.aureus strains were resistant to methicillin. On the other hand, CNS growth was observed in the conjunctival cultures of 17 out of 19 eyes with bacterial growth in 16 culture positive newborns born with SVD. In 2 eyes with CNS growth, there was also S.aureus growth. The positive cultures for S.aureus were significantly higher in the conjunctival cultures of neonates born with C/S compared to neonates born with SVD, where CNS growth was significantly lower (P = 0.002). All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and gatifloxacin. Two isolates were resistant to methicillin. Conclusions In deliveries with C/S, the newborn does not contact the vagina. This may result in changes of bacterial characteristic of the flora. Culture positivity for S.aureus was higher in C/S compared to SVD, which may be important in case neonatal conjunctivitis develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kara
- Department of Pediatrics, Ataturk University, School of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sertaç Argun Kıvanç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uludag University, School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Osman Okan Olcaysü
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erzurum Region Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Berna Akova Budak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uludag University, School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tuncer Özmen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Uludag University, School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Merih Kıvanç
- Department of Biology, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tuna Hörmet Öz
- Department of Microbiology, Kayseri Training and Education Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
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47
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Huang S, Gaucher F, Cauty C, Jardin J, Le Loir Y, Jeantet R, Chen XD, Jan G. Growth in Hyper-Concentrated Sweet Whey Triggers Multi Stress Tolerance and Spray Drying Survival in Lactobacillus casei BL23: From the Molecular Basis to New Perspectives for Sustainable Probiotic Production. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2548. [PMID: 30405593 PMCID: PMC6204390 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei BL23 has a recognized probiotic potential, which includes immune modulation, protection toward induced colitis, toward induced colon cancer and toward dissemination of pathogens. In L. casei, as well as in other probiotics, both probiotic and technological abilities are highly dependent (1) on the substrate used to grow bacteria and (2) on the process used to dry and store this biomass. Production and storage of probiotics, at a reasonable financial and environmental cost, becomes a crucial challenge. Food-grade media must be used, and minimal process is preferred. In this context, we have developed a “2-in-1” medium used both to grow and to dry L. casei BL23, considered a fragile probiotic strain. This medium consists in hyper-concentrated sweet whey (HCSW). L. casei BL23 grows in HCSW up to 30% dry matter, which is 6 times-concentrated sweet whey. Compared to isotonic sweet whey (5% dry matter), these growth conditions enhanced tolerance of L. casei BL23 toward heat, acid and bile salts stress. HCSW also triggered intracellular accumulation of polyphosphate, of glycogen and of trehalose. A gel-free global proteomic differential analysis further evidenced overexpression of proteins involved in pathways known to participate in stress adaptation, including environmental signal transduction, oxidative and metal defense, DNA repair, protein turnover and repair, carbohydrate, phosphate and amino acid metabolism, and in osmoadaptation. Accordingly, HCSW cultures of L. casei BL23 exhibited enhanced survival upon spray drying, a process known to drastically affect bacterial viability. This work opens new perspectives for sustainable production of dried probiotic lactobacilli, using food industry by-products and lowering energy costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Huang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - Floriane Gaucher
- UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France.,Bioprox, Levallois-Perret, France
| | - Chantal Cauty
- UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Jardin
- UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Jeantet
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.,UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- UMR1253 STLO, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Rennes, France
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48
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Rainard P, Foucras G. A Critical Appraisal of Probiotics for Mastitis Control. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:251. [PMID: 30364110 PMCID: PMC6191464 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The urge to reduce antimicrobials use in dairy farming has prompted a search for alternative solutions. As infections of the mammary gland is a major reason for antibiotic administration to dairy ruminants, mammary probiotics have recently been presented as a possible alternative for the treatment of mastitis. To assess the validity of this proposal, we performed a general appraisal of the knowledge related to probiotics for mammary health by examining their potential modes of action and assessing the compatibility of these mechanisms with the immunobiology of mammary gland infections. Then we analyzed the literature published on the subject, taking into account the preliminary in vitro experiments and the in vivo trials. Preliminary experiments aimed essentially at exploring in vitro the capacity of putative probiotics, mainly lactic acid bacteria (LABs), to interfere with mastitis-associated bacteria or to interact with mammary epithelial cells. A few studies used LABs selected on the basis of bacteriocin production or the capacity to adhere to epithelial cells to perform in vivo experiments. Intramammary infusion of LABs showed that LABs are pro-inflammatory for the mammary gland, inducing an intense influx of neutrophils into milk during lactation and at drying-off. Yet, their capacity to cure mastitis remains to be established. A few preliminary studies tackle the possibility of using probiotics to interfere with the teat apex microbiota or to prevent the colonization of the teat canal by pathogenic bacteria. From the analysis of the published literature, it appears that currently there is no sound scientific foundation for the use of probiotics to prevent or treat mastitis. We conclude that the prospects for oral probiotics are not promising for ruminants, those for intramammary probiotics should be considered with caution, but that teat apex probiotics deserve further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Rainard
- ISP, INRA, Université de Tours, UMR 1282, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Foucras
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, ENVT, INRA, UMR1225, Toulouse, France
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49
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Tartaglia NR, Breyne K, Meyer E, Cauty C, Jardin J, Chrétien D, Dupont A, Demeyere K, Berkova N, Azevedo V, Guédon E, Le Loir Y. Staphylococcus aureus Extracellular Vesicles Elicit an Immunostimulatory Response in vivo on the Murine Mammary Gland. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:277. [PMID: 30186772 PMCID: PMC6113362 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen responsible for bovine mastitis, the most common and costly disease affecting dairy cattle. S. aureus naturally releases extracellular vesicles (EVs) during its growth. EVs play an important role in the bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions and are notably considered as nanocarriers that deliver virulence factors to the host tissues. Whether EVs play a role in a mastitis context is still unknown. In this work, we showed that S. aureus Newbould 305 (N305), a bovine mastitis isolate, has the ability to generate EVs in vitro with a designated protein content. Purified S. aureus N305-secreted EVs were not cytotoxic when tested in vitro on MAC-T and PS, two bovine mammary epithelial cell lines. However, they induced the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines at levels similar to those induced by live S. aureus N305. The in vivo immune response to purified S. aureus N305-secreted EVs was tested in a mouse model for bovine mastitis and their immunogenic effect was compared to that of live S. aureus N305, heat-killed S. aureus N305 and to S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Clinical and histopathological signs were evaluated and pro-inflammatory and chemotactic cytokine levels were measured in the mammary gland 24 h post-inoculation. Live S. aureus induced a significantly stronger inflammatory response than that of any other condition tested. Nevertheless, S. aureus N305-secreted EVs induced a dose-dependent neutrophil recruitment and the production of a selected set of pro-inflammatory mediators as well as chemokines. This immune response elicited by intramammary S. aureus N305-secreted EVs was comparable to that of heat-killed S. aureus N305 and, partly, by LTA. These results demonstrated that S. aureus N305-secreted EVs induce a mild inflammatory response distinct from the live pathogen after intramammary injection. Overall, our combined in vitro and in vivo data suggest that EVs are worth to be investigated to better understand the S. aureus pathogenesis and are relevant tools to develop strategies against bovine S. aureus mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natayme R. Tartaglia
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Koen Breyne
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Denis Chrétien
- CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien Dupont
- CNRS, INSERM, Biologie, Santé, Innovation Technologique de Rennes - UMS 3480, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Vasco Azevedo
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Eric Guédon
- STLO, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Rennes, France
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50
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Souza RFS, Rault L, Seyffert N, Azevedo V, Le Loir Y, Even S. Lactobacillus casei BL23 modulates the innate immune response in Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated bovine mammary epithelial cells. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:985-995. [PMID: 30041534 DOI: 10.3920/bm2018.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been adopted to treat and prevent various diseases in humans and animals. They were notably shown to be a promising alternative to prevent mastitis in dairy cattle. This inflammation of the mammary gland is generally of infectious origin and generates extensive economic losses worldwide. In a previous study, we found that Lactobacillus casei BL23 was able to inhibit the internalisation of Staphylococcus aureus, one of the major pathogens involved in mastitis, into bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC). In this study, we further explored the capacity of this strain to modulate the innate immune response of bovine mammary epithelial cells during S. aureus infection. L. casei BL23 was able to decrease the expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukins 6, 8, 1α and 1β and tumour necrosis factor alpha, in S. aureus-stimulated bMEC, 8 h post-infection. On the other hand, L. casei did not impair the induction of defensins, such as lingual antimicrobial peptide and defensin β1 in the presence of S. aureus, and even slightly increased the induction of tracheal antimicrobial peptide during S. aureus infection. Finally, this strain did not alter the expression of the pattern recognition receptor nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins (NOD2). This study demonstrates that L. casei BL23 displayed anti-inflammatory properties on S. aureus-stimulated bMEC. These results open the way to further characterisation of the BL23 probiotic potential in a bovine mammary gland context and to a better understanding of how all these beneficial properties combine in vivo to combat mastitis pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F S Souza
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France.,3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil.,4 Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Av. José de Sá Maniçoba, S/N Centro, Petrolina, 56304-917 PE, Brazil
| | - L Rault
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - N Seyffert
- 3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - V Azevedo
- 3 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901 MG, Brazil
| | - Y Le Loir
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - S Even
- 1 INRA, UMR 1253 STLO, 65 Rue de Saint-Brieuc, 35000 Rennes, France.,2 Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253 STLO, 85 Rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042 Rennes, France
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