1
|
Nnadozie CF, Ngoni N. A method of recovering the very low concentration of pathogens in river water by combining centrifugation and membrane filtration. MethodsX 2023; 11:102291. [PMID: 37560404 PMCID: PMC10407429 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Waterborne pathogens present major public health concerns because of the associated high mortality, morbidity and cost of treatment. Consumption of and contact with water contaminated by faeces is a significant risk factor for transmitting these organisms to humans. Their detection in a water sample is critical to ascertain potential risks to humans. They are relatively low in concentrations in surface waters, making their detection a challenge. Campylobacter is targeted here because it is one of the leading causes of enteric diseases globally, and consensus on the superiority of centrifugation over filtration, and vice versa, to recover Campylobacter spp. from river water samples for detection, has yet to be. Therefore, for this study river water sample was processed by combining both methods in a single set-up to concentrate Campylobacter spp. cells from water samples. This method of combining centrifugation and filtration can be expanded to other bacterial waterborne pathogens of public health importance.•Concentrating cells by centrifugation (14,000 × g for 30 min) to collect the pellets, followed by membrane filtration (using 0.45 µm) of the supernatant to trap any remaining suspended cells, and then pooling both pellet and residue presents an effective method for obtaining a satisfactory quantitative recovery of waterborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter spp. from environmental waters.•This is a critical need for quantitative microbial risk assessment studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chika F. Nnadozie
- Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Nandipha Ngoni
- Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, P.O Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun A, Mirzayans PM, Piggott AM, Stanton JAL, Sunna A. Adapted method for rapid detection and quantification of pathogen Campylobacter jejuni from environmental water samples. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad058. [PMID: 37245057 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Building on a previously developed workflow for rapid and sensitive pathogen detection by qPCR, this work has established a sample treatment strategy that produces consistent quantification efficiencies (QEs) for Campylobacter jejuni against a complex and highly variable sample matrix from a suburban river. The individual treatments most effective at minimizing the inhibitory effects of the sample matrix were pH buffering with HEPES (50 mM, pH 5.7) and addition of the surfactant Tween 20 (2% v/v). Unexpectedly, sample acidification (pH 4-5) resulting from the use of aged Tween 20 that had undergone partial hydrolysis, appeared to play a key role in enhancing QE. This effect could be replicated by direct pH adjustment with dilute hydrochloric acid and may be linked to the solubilization and removal of inhibitory particles at an acidic pH. While the effectiveness of each individual treatment method varied, a combined treatment of either HEPES buffer + Tween 20, or direct pH adjustment + Tween 20, consistently produced QEs of 60%-70% and up to 100%, respectively, over a sampling period of one year. The consistency and scalability of this workflow make it a suitable alternative to culture-based ISO methods for detecting Campylobacter spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sun
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Paul M Mirzayans
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Andrew M Piggott
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Jo-Ann L Stanton
- Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anwar Sunna
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
- Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chon JW, Kim DH, Bae D, Song KY, Kim H, Sung K, Seo KH. Comparison of Direct Syringe Filtration and Membrane Filtration for the Selective Isolation of Campylobacter jejuni from Ready-to-Eat Sprouts. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:371-375. [PMID: 30864872 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Culture method using enrichment broth and selective agar is one of the most common isolation methods for detecting Campylobacter jejuni from food. However, the overgrowth of competing bacteria in enrichment culture complicates the selective isolation of C. jejuni. In this study, we compared an enrichment/plating method for the isolation of C. jejuni from sprout samples with an enrichment/plating method with syringe or membrane filtration when transferring enriched broths to plates. Four types of sprout samples were artificially contaminated with various levels of C. jejuni and incubated in 100 mL of Bolton broth for 48 h. Enrichment broths were either directly transferred onto modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar or filtered through membrane or with a syringe. A significantly higher (p < 0.05) isolation rate of Campylobacter positives was obtained with both filtration methods (58-61%) than with the method without filtration (10%). Membrane filtrations yielded 61%, whereas syringe yielded 58% positives. In most cases of unfiltered samples (98%), high competing flora covered most of the plate, making differentiation and picking of suspicious colonies difficult. However, less plates were contaminated with competing flora in both filtration methods. Only 5% of plates were contaminated in the syringe filtration method, whereas no competing flora was observed in membrane filtration (0%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Whan Chon
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeon Kim
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongryeoul Bae
- 2 Arkansas Regional Laboratory, Office of Regulatory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Kwang-Young Song
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunsook Kim
- 3 Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kidon Sung
- 4 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Kun-Ho Seo
- 1 Center for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Tang M, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Yang X, Gao Y. Prevalence and Characteristics of Campylobacter Throughout the Slaughter Process of Different Broiler Batches. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2092. [PMID: 30233556 PMCID: PMC6131577 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Handling and consumption of chicken meat are risk factors for human campylobacteriosis. This study was performed to describe the Campylobacter population in broiler carcasses and environmental samples throughout the slaughter process. Moreover, the genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of the Campylobacter strains were evaluated. Cloacal swabs, samples from carcasses at different stages, and environmental samples were collected thrice from the different flocks at the same abattoir located in Central Jiangsu, China. Campylobacter isolated from the three batches (n = 348) were identified as Campylobacter jejuni (n = 117) and Campylobacter coli (n = 151) by multiplex PCR. Characterization by multilocus sequence typing revealed a specific genotype of Campylobacter for each batch. Antimicrobial sensitivity to 18 antibiotics were analyzed for all selected strains according to the agar diffusion method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated that the majority of the tested isolates were resistant to quinolones (>89.7%). Less resistance to macrolide (59.8%), gentamicin (42.7%), amikacin (36.8%) was observed. Results showed that 94.0% of the tested strains demonstrated multidrug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yushi Gao
- Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences, Supervision, Inspection and Testing Centre for Poultry Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thépault A, Rose V, Quesne S, Poezevara T, Béven V, Hirchaud E, Touzain F, Lucas P, Méric G, Mageiros L, Sheppard SK, Chemaly M, Rivoal K. Ruminant and chicken: important sources of campylobacteriosis in France despite a variation of source attribution in 2009 and 2015. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9305. [PMID: 29915208 PMCID: PMC6006168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27558-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen source attribution studies are a useful tool for identifying reservoirs of human infection. Based on Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) data, such studies have identified chicken as a major source of C. jejuni human infection. The use of whole genome sequence-based typing methods offers potential to improve the precision of attribution beyond that which is possible from 7 MLST loci. Using published data and 156 novel C. jejuni genomes sequenced in this study, we performed probabilistic host source attribution of clinical C. jejuni isolates from France using three types of genotype data: comparative genomic fingerprints; MLST genes; 15 host segregating genes previously identified by whole genome sequencing. Consistent with previous studies, chicken was an important source of campylobacteriosis in France (31-63% of clinical isolates assigned). There was also evidence that ruminants are a source (22-55% of clinical isolates assigned), suggesting that further investigation of potential transmission routes from ruminants to human would be useful. Additionally, we found evidence of environmental and pet sources. However, the relative importance as sources varied according to the year of isolation and the genotyping technique used. Annual variations in attribution emphasize the dynamic nature of zoonotic transmission and the need to perform source attribution regularly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Thépault
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
- University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Rose
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Ségolène Quesne
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Véronique Béven
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Fabrice Touzain
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Pierrick Lucas
- Viral Genetics & Biosafety Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Guillaume Méric
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardos Mageiros
- Swansea University, Medical School, Institute of Life Science, Singleton Campus, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel K Sheppard
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France
| | - Katell Rivoal
- Hygiene and Quality of Poultry & Pork Products Unit, Laboratory of Ploufragan-Plouzané, French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses), Ploufragan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang X, Yin T, Du X, Yang W, Huang J, Jiao X. Occurrence and genotypes of Campylobacter species in broilers during the rearing period. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:215-223. [PMID: 27766896 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1248374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poultry are the main source of Campylobacter infection worldwide. To obtain information on Campylobacter-infected flocks and create a reference for preventing and controlling Campylobacter at farm level, Campylobacter isolates were recovered from broilers and the environments of nine chicken flocks in two farms during growth. The genetic relationship between the Campylobacter isolates was determined using multilocus sequence typing. Flocks were colonized as early as 3 weeks after introduction to the farm. The highest colonization rate was more than 90% and occurred 4-6 weeks after introduction to the farm. Quantitative data showed that the highest Campylobacter loads appeared at 1-2 weeks after initial colonization. Campylobacter loads in cloacal swabs in four flocks were significantly higher at 5 weeks than at 3 weeks (P < 0.05). Multilocus sequence typing of 171 selected isolates revealed 20 sequence types (STs), which consisted of 12 STs for Campylobacter jejuni and eight for Campylobacter coli isolates. The STs of the Campylobacter isolates recovered from farm 1 were more diversified than those from farm 2. The STs of environmental samples were highly consistent with those of the cloacal swab samples. The consistency between Campylobacter STs in the environmental and cloacal swab samples suggested that the environment might be one of the main sources of infection. Thus, our study highlights the prevalence and contamination load of Campylobacter in broilers during their rearing period and emphasizes the need for control and prevention measures for Campylobacter infection in broilers, which is also important for human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- a Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Yin
- a Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Du
- a Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- a Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlin Huang
- a Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinan Jiao
- a Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou University , Yangzhou , Jiangsu , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bruno A, Sandionigi A, Galimberti A, Siani E, Labra M, Cocuzza C, Ferri E, Casiraghi M. One step forwards for the routine use of high-throughput DNA sequencing in environmental monitoring. An efficient and standardizable method to maximize the detection of environmental bacteria. Microbiologyopen 2016; 6. [PMID: 27790854 PMCID: PMC5300880 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose an innovative, repeatable, and reliable experimental workflow to concentrate and detect environmental bacteria in drinking water using molecular techniques. We first concentrated bacteria in water samples using tangential flow filtration and then we evaluated two methods of environmental DNA extraction. We performed tests on both artificially contaminated water samples and real drinking water samples. The efficiency of the experimental workflow was measured through qPCR. The successful applicability of the high‐throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) approach was demonstrated on drinking water samples. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach in high‐throughput‐based studies, and we suggest incorporating it in monitoring strategies to have a better representation of the microbial community. In the recent years, HTS techniques have become key tools in the study of microbial communities. To make the leap from academic laboratories to the routine monitoring (e.g., water treatment plants laboratories), we here propose an experimental workflow suitable for the introduction of HTS as a standard method for detecting environmental bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Bruno
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnologies and Bioscience Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sandionigi
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnologies and Bioscience Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnologies and Bioscience Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Siani
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnologies and Bioscience Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Labra
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnologies and Bioscience Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Clementina Cocuzza
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferri
- FEM2-Ambiente, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- ZooPlantLab, Biotechnologies and Bioscience Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evaluation of real-time PCR assays and standard curve optimisation for enhanced accuracy in quantification of Campylobacter environmental water isolates. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 129:70-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Battersby T, Whyte P, Bolton D. The pattern of Campylobacter
contamination on broiler farms; external and internal sources. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1108-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Battersby
- Teagasc Ashtown Food Research; Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - P. Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - D.J. Bolton
- Teagasc Ashtown Food Research; Ashtown Dublin 15 Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Josefsen MH, Bhunia AK, Engvall EO, Fachmann MS, Hoorfar J. Monitoring Campylobacter in the poultry production chain — From culture to genes and beyond. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 112:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
A novel triplex quantitative PCR strategy for quantification of toxigenic and nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae in aquatic environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3077-85. [PMID: 25724966 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03516-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is a severe human pathogen and a frequent member of aquatic ecosystems. Quantification of V. cholerae in environmental water samples is therefore fundamental for ecological studies and health risk assessment. Beside time-consuming cultivation techniques, quantitative PCR (qPCR) has the potential to provide reliable quantitative data and offers the opportunity to quantify multiple targets simultaneously. A novel triplex qPCR strategy was developed in order to simultaneously quantify toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae in environmental water samples. To obtain quality-controlled PCR results, an internal amplification control was included. The qPCR assay was specific, highly sensitive, and quantitative across the tested 5-log dynamic range down to a method detection limit of 5 copies per reaction. Repeatability and reproducibility were high for all three tested target genes. For environmental application, global DNA recovery (GR) rates were assessed for drinking water, river water, and water from different lakes. GR rates ranged from 1.6% to 76.4% and were dependent on the environmental background. Uncorrected and GR-corrected V. cholerae abundances were determined in two lakes with extremely high turbidity. Uncorrected abundances ranged from 4.6×10(2) to 2.3×10(4) cell equivalents liter(-1), whereas GR-corrected abundances ranged from 4.7×10(3) to 1.6×10(6) cell equivalents liter(-1). GR-corrected qPCR results were in good agreement with an independent cell-based direct detection method but were up to 1.6 log higher than cultivation-based abundances. We recommend the newly developed triplex qPCR strategy as a powerful tool to simultaneously quantify toxigenic and nontoxigenic V. cholerae in various aquatic environments for ecological studies as well as for risk assessment programs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Seinige D, von Köckritz-Blickwede M, Krischek C, Klein G, Kehrenberg C. Influencing factors and applicability of the viability EMA-qPCR for a detection and quantification of Campylobacter cells from water samples. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113812. [PMID: 25412499 PMCID: PMC4239115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing numbers of human campylobacteriosis cases caused by contaminated water have been reported. As the culture-based detection of Campylobacter is time consuming and can yield false-negative results, the suitability of a quantitative real-time PCR method in combination with an ethidium monoazide pretreatment of samples (EMA-qPCR) for the rapid, quantitative detection of viable Campylobacter cells from water samples was investigated. EMA-qPCR has been shown to be a promising rapid method for the detection of viable Campylobacter spp. from food samples. Application of membrane filtration and centrifugation, two methods frequently used for the isolation of bacteria from water, revealed a mean loss of up to 1.08 log10 cells/ml from spiked samples. Both methods used alone lead to a loss of dead bacteria and accumulation of viable bacteria in the sample as shown by fluorescence microscopy. After filtration of samples, no significant differences could be detected in subsequent qPCR experiments with and without EMA pretreatment compared to culture-based enumeration. High correlations (R(2)= 0.942 without EMA, R(2) = 0.893 with EMA) were obtained. After centrifugation of samples, qPCR results overestimated Campylobacter counts, whereas results from both EMA-qPCR and the reference method were comparable. As up to 81.59% of nonviable cells were detected in pond water, EMA-qPCR failed to detect correct quantities of viable cells. However, analyses of spiked tap water samples revealed a high correlation (R(2) = 0.863) between results from EMA-qPCR and the reference method. After membrane filtration, EMA-qPCR was successfully applied to Campylobacter field isolates, and results indicated an advantage over qPCR by analysing defined mixtures of viable and nonviable cells. In conclusion, EMA-qPCR is a suitable method to detect viable Campylobacter from water samples, but the isolation technique and the type/quality of the water sample impact the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Seinige
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren von Köckritz-Blickwede
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Krischek
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Günter Klein
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinna Kehrenberg
- Institute of Food Quality and Food Safety, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fusco V, Quero GM. Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Nucleic-Acid-Based Methods Used in the Microbial Safety Assessment of Milk and Dairy Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2014; 13:493-537. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
| | - Grazia Marina Quero
- Nal. Research Council of Italy; Inst. of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA); Bari Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Comparative analysis and limitations of ethidium monoazide and propidium monoazide treatments for the differentiation of viable and nonviable campylobacter cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2186-92. [PMID: 24487529 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03962-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of differentiation between viable and nonviable bacterial cells limits the implementation of PCR-based methods for routine diagnostic approaches. Recently, the combination of a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and ethidium monoazide (EMA) or propidium monoazide (PMA) pretreatment has been described to circumvent this disadvantage. In regard to the suitability of this approach for Campylobacter spp., conflicting results have been reported. Thus, we compared the suitabilities of EMA and PMA in various concentrations for a Campylobacter viability qPCR method. The presence of either intercalating dye, EMA or PMA, leads to concentration-dependent shifts toward higher threshold cycle (CT) values, especially after EMA treatment. However, regression analysis resulted in high correlation coefficient (R(2)) values of 0.99 (EMA) and 0.98 (PMA) between Campylobacter counts determined by qPCR and culture-based enumeration. EMA (10 μg/ml) and PMA (51.10 μg/ml) removed DNA selectively from nonviable cells in mixed samples at viable/nonviable ratios of up to 1:1,000. The optimized EMA protocol was successfully applied to 16 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli field isolates from poultry and indicated the applicability for field isolates as well. EMA-qPCR and culture-based enumeration of Campylobacter spiked chicken leg quarters resulted in comparable bacterial cell counts. The correlation coefficient between the two analytical methods was 0.95. Nevertheless, larger amounts of nonviable cells (>10(4)) resulted in an incomplete qPCR signal reduction, representing a serious methodological limitation, but double staining with EMA considerably improved the signal inhibition. Hence, the proposed Campylobacter viability EMA-qPCR provides a promising rapid method for diagnostic applications, but further research is needed to circumvent the limitation.
Collapse
|
15
|
Pitkänen T. Review of Campylobacter spp. in drinking and environmental waters. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 95:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|