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Rivas-Castillo AM, Gómez-Ramírez M, Lucas-Gómez IM, Carrillo-Vega Y, Rojas-Avelizapa NG. A new technique to evaluate Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans growth during a bioleaching process based on DNA quantification. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 198:106494. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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2
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Ilyas S, Srivastava RR, Kim H, Ilyas N. Biotechnological recycling of hazardous waste PCBs using Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans through pretreatment of toxicant metals: Process optimization and kinetic studies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131978. [PMID: 34426287 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study dealt with the restricted microbial tolerance for lead and tin during bioleaching of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) and lower extraction yields of valuable metals. Pretreatment of WPCBs in 4.0 mol/L HNO3 at 90 °C for 180 min duration prominently dissolved the toxicant metals before the microbial mobilization of valuable metals. Acid pretreatment followed the first-order kinetics that exhibiting an intermediate-controlled mechanism with the apparent activation energy determined to be Ea(Pb), 25.1 kJ/mol and Ea(Sn), 21.9 kJ/mol. Thereafter, the parametric optimization of aeration rate, O2-enrichment, external CO2 supply, temperature, and time for bioleaching of ground WPCBs was examined using Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans (strain RDB). A favourable condition for Cu-bioleaching under higher oxidative environment in comparison to Ni and Zn exhibited the auto-catalytic behaviour of Cu2+ in the biological system. More than 92% of valuable metals were extracted under the optimal condition of aeration rate, 0.5 L/min; O2-enrichement dosage, 30%; external CO2 supply, 0.1%; temperature, 55 °C; and time, 18 days. The bioleaching kinetics followed shrinking core model that exhibiting the shifting of mass transfer from chemically-controlled to the diffusion-controlled mechanism. This process offers two-fold advantages that restoring the valuable metals with low-emission biotechnological route for waste valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ilyas
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Environment and Energy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nimra Ilyas
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
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3
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Zhang S, Yan L, Xing W, Chen P, Zhang Y, Wang W. Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and its potential application. Extremophiles 2018; 22:563-579. [PMID: 29696439 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-1024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The widely distributed Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) lives in extremely acidic conditions by fixing CO2 and nitrogen, and by obtaining energy from Fe2+ oxidation with either downhill or uphill electron transfer pathway and from reduced sulfur oxidation. A. ferrooxidans exists as different genomovars and its genome size is 2.89-4.18 Mb. The chemotactic movement of A. ferrooxidans is regulated by quorum sensing. A. ferrooxidans shows weak magnetotaxis due to formation of 15-70 nm magnetite magnetosomes with surface functional groups. The room- and low-temperature magnetic features of A. ferrooxidans are different from other magnetotactic bacteria. A. ferrooxidans has potential for removing sulfur from solids and gases, metals recycling from metal-bearing ores, electric wastes and sludge, biochemical production synthesizing, and metal workpiece machining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University (HBAU), 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yan
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University (HBAU), 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Xing
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University (HBAU), 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Donggang West Road No. 199, Lanzhou, 730020, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University (HBAU), 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in Cold Region, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University (HBAU), 5 Xinfeng Road, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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4
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Crognale S, Zecchin S, Amalfitano S, Fazi S, Casentini B, Corsini A, Cavalca L, Rossetti S. Phylogenetic Structure and Metabolic Properties of Microbial Communities in Arsenic-Rich Waters of Geothermal Origin. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2468. [PMID: 29312179 PMCID: PMC5732945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic element released in aquatic environments by geogenic processes or anthropic activities. To counteract its toxicity, several microorganisms have developed mechanisms to tolerate and utilize it for respiratory metabolism. However, still little is known about identity and physiological properties of microorganisms exposed to natural high levels of As and the role they play in As transformation and mobilization processes. This work aims to explore the phylogenetic composition and functional properties of aquatic microbial communities in As-rich freshwater environments of geothermal origin and to elucidate the key microbial functional groups that directly or indirectly may influence As-transformations across a natural range of geogenic arsenic contamination. Distinct bacterial communities in terms of composition and metabolisms were found. Members of Proteobacteria, affiliated to Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria were mainly retrieved in groundwaters and surface waters, whereas Gammaproteobacteria were the main component in thermal waters. Most of the OTUs from thermal waters were only distantly related to 16S rRNA gene sequences of known taxa, indicating the occurrence of bacterial biodiversity so far unexplored. Nitrate and sulfate reduction and heterotrophic As(III)-oxidization were found as main metabolic traits of the microbial cultivable fraction in such environments. No growth of autotrophic As(III)-oxidizers, autotrophic and heterotrophic As(V)-reducers, Fe-reducers and oxidizers, Mn-reducers and sulfide oxidizers was observed. The ars genes, involved in As(V) detoxifying reduction, were found in all samples whereas aioA [As(III) oxidase] and arrA genes [As(V) respiratory reductase] were not found. Overall, we found that As detoxification processes prevailed over As metabolic processes, concomitantly with the intriguing occurrence of novel thermophiles able to tolerate high levels of As.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Crognale
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Zecchin
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Amalfitano
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Fazi
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Casentini
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA - CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Corsini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Cavalca
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Rossetti
- Water Research Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IRSA - CNR), Rome, Italy
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5
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Díaz-Tena E, Rojo N, Gurtubay L, Rodríguez-Ezquerro A, López de Lacalle LN, Oyanguren I, Barbero F, Elías A. Biomachining: Preservation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and treatment of the liquid residue. Eng Life Sci 2016; 17:382-391. [PMID: 32624783 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201600124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomachining has become a promising alternative to micromachining metal pieces, as it is considered more environmentally friendly than their physical and chemical machining counterparts. In this research work, two strategies that contribute to the development of this innovative technology and could promote its industrial implementation were investigated: preservation of biomachining microorganisms (Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans) for their further use, and making valuable use of the liquid residue obtained following the biomachining process. Regarding the preservation method, freeze-drying, freezing, and drying were tested to preserve biomachining bacteria, and the effect of different cryoprotectants, storage times, and temperatures was studied. Freezing at -80°C in Eppendorf cryovials using betaine as a cryoprotective agent reported the highest bacteria survival rate (40% of cell recovery) among the studied processes. The treatment of the liquid residue in two successive stages led to the precipitation of most of the total dissolved iron and divalent copper (99.9%). The by-products obtained (iron and copper hydroxide) could be reused in several industrial applications, thereby enhancing the environmentally friendly nature of the biomachining process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estíbaliz Díaz-Tena
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao Spain
| | - Naiara Rojo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University College of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Vitoria-Gasteiz Spain
| | - L Gurtubay
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao Spain
| | - Adrián Rodríguez-Ezquerro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao Spain
| | - Luis Norberto López de Lacalle
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Elías
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Bilbao Spain
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6
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Li X, West AC, Banta S. Enhancing isobutyric acid production from engineered
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
cells via media optimization. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 113:790-6. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.25837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Li
- Department of Chemical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York10027
| | - Alan C. West
- Department of Chemical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York10027
| | - Scott Banta
- Department of Chemical EngineeringColumbia UniversityNew YorkNew York10027
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7
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Ahmadi A, Mousavi S. The influence of physicochemical parameters on the bioleaching of zinc sulfide concentrates using a mixed culture of moderately thermophilic microorganisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.minpro.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Li X, Mercado R, Berlinger S, Banta S, West AC. EngineeringAcidithiobacillus ferrooxidansgrowth media for enhanced electrochemical processing. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Li
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027
| | - Roel Mercado
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027
| | - Sarah Berlinger
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027
| | - Scott Banta
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027
| | - Alan C. West
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Columbia University; New York NY 10027
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9
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Li X, Mercado R, Kernan T, West AC, Banta S. Addition of citrate to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cultures enables precipitate-free growth at elevated pH and reduces ferric inhibition. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1940-8. [PMID: 24771134 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is an acidophilic chemolithoautotroph that is important in biomining and other biotechnological operations. The cells are able to oxidize inorganic iron, but the insolubility and product inhibition by Fe(3+) complicates characterization of these cultures. Here we explore the growth kinetics of A. ferrooxidans in iron-based medium in a pH range from 1.6 to 2.2. It was found that as the pH was increased from 1.6 to 2.0, the maintenance coefficient decreased while both the growth kinetics and maximum cell yield increased in the precipitate-free, low Fe(2+) concentration medium. In higher iron media a similar trend was observed at low pH, but the formation of precipitates at higher pH (2.0) hampered cell growth and lowered the specific growth rate and maximum cell yield. In order to eliminate ferric precipitates, chelating agents were introduced into the medium. Citric acid was found to be relatively non-toxic and did not appear to interfere with iron oxidation at a maximum concentration of 70 mM. Inclusion of citric acid prevented precipitation and A. ferrooxidans growth parameters resumed their trends as a function of pH. The addition of citrate also decreased the apparent substrate saturation constant (KS ) indicating a reduction in the competitive inhibition of growth by ferric ions. These results indicate that continuous cultures of A. ferrooxidans in the presence of citrate at elevated pH will enable enhanced cell yields and productivities. This will be critical as these cells are used in the development of new biotechnological applications such as electrofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, 500W 120th Street, New York, New York, 10027
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10
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Klein R, Tischler JS, Mühling M, Schlömann M. Bioremediation of mine water. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 141:109-72. [PMID: 24357145 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Caused by the oxidative dissolution of sulfide minerals, mine waters are often acidic and contaminated with high concentrations of sulfates, metals, and metalloids. Because the so-called acid mine drainage (AMD) affects the environment or poses severe problems for later use, treatment of these waters is required. Therefore, various remediation strategies have been developed to remove soluble metals and sulfates through immobilization using physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Conventionally, iron and sulfate-the main pollutants in mine waters-are removed by addition of neutralization reagents and subsequent chemical iron oxidation and sulfate mineral precipitation. Biological treatment strategies take advantage of the ability of microorganisms that occur in mine waters to metabolize iron and sulfate. As a rule, these can be grouped into oxidative and reductive processes, reflecting the redox state of mobilized iron (reduced form) and sulfur (oxidized form) in AMD. Changing the redox states of iron and sulfur results in iron and sulfur compounds with low solubility, thus leading to their precipitation and removal. Various techniques have been developed to enhance the efficacy of these microbial processes, as outlined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Klein
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 29, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
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11
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Mousavi S, Jafari A, Yaghmaei S, Vossoughi M, Turunen I. Experiments and CFD simulation of ferrous biooxidation in a bubble column bioreactor. Comput Chem Eng 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Fang D, Zhou LX. Enhanced Cr bioleaching efficiency from tannery sludge with coinoculation of Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TS6 and Brettanomyces B65 in an air-lift reactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 69:303-10. [PMID: 17537479 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioleaching process has been demonstrated to be an effective technology in removing Cr from tannery sludge, but a large quantity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) present in tannery sludge often exhibits a marked toxicity to chemolithoautotrophic bioleaching bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans. The purpose of the present study was therefore to enhance Cr bioleaching efficiencies through introducing sludge DOM-degrading heterotrophic microorganism into the sulfur-based sludge bioleaching system. An acid-tolerant DOM-degrading yeast strain Brettanomyces B65 was successfully isolated from a local Haining tannery sludge and it could metabolize sludge DOM as a source of energy and carbon for growth. A combined bioleaching experiment (coupling Brettanomyces B65 and A. thiooxidans TS6) performed in an air-lift reactor indicated that the rates of sludge pH reduction and ORP increase were greatly improved, resulting in enhanced Cr solubilization. Compared with the 5 days required for maximum solubilization of Cr for the control (single bioleaching process without inoculation of Brettanomyces B65), the bioleaching period was significantly shorten to 3 days for the combined bioleaching system. Moreover, little nitrogen and phosphorous were lost and the content of Cr was below the permitted levels for land application after 3 days of bioleaching treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Fang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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13
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Zaveri N, Sun R, Zufelt N, Zhou A, Chen Y. Evaluation of microbially influenced corrosion with electrochemical noise analysis and signal processing. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Molchanov S, Gendel Y, Ioslvich I, Lahav O. Improved experimental and computational methodology for determining the kinetic equation and the extant kinetic constants of Fe(II) oxidation by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1742-52. [PMID: 17261516 PMCID: PMC1828821 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01521-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The variety of kinetics expressions encountered in the literature and the unreasonably broad range of values reported for the kinetics constants of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans underscore the need for a unifying experimental procedure and for the development of a reliable kinetics equation. Following an extensive and critical review of reported experimental techniques, a method based on batch pH-controlled kinetics experiments lasting less than one doubling time was developed for the determination of extant kinetics constants. The Fe(II) concentration in the experiments was measured by a method insensitive to Fe(III) interference. Kinetics parameters were determined by nonlinear fitting of the integrated form of the Monod equation to yield a K(S) of 31 +/- 4 mg Fe(2+) liter(-1) (mean +/- standard deviation), a K(P) of 139 +/- 20 mg Fe(3+) liter(-1), and a mu(max) of 0.082 +/- 0.002 h(-1). The corresponding kinetics equation was as follows: dSdt=-0.0822.3.10(7)S.X31(1+P(0)+S(0)-S139)+S where S represents the Fe(II) concentration in mg liter(-1), P(0) represents the initial Fe(III) concentration in mg liter(-1), X represents the suspended bacterial cell concentration in cells ml(-1), and t represents time in hours. The measured data fit this equation exceptionally well, with an R(2) of >0.99. Fe(III) inhibition was found to be of a competitive nature. Contrary to previous reports, the results show that the concentration of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans cells has no affect on the kinetics constants. The kinetics equation can be considered applicable only to A. ferrooxidans cells grown under environmental conditions similar to those of the inoculum tested in the study. In contrast, the experimental and computational procedure is completely general and can be applied to A. ferrooxidans irrespective of the culture history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Molchanov
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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15
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Ozkaya B, Sahinkaya E, Nurmi P, Kaksonen AH, Puhakka JA. Kinetics of iron oxidation byLeptospirillum ferriphilum dominated culture at pH below one. Biotechnol Bioeng 2007; 97:1121-7. [PMID: 17187444 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of ferrous iron oxidation by Leptospirillum ferriphilum (L. ferriphilum) dominated culture was studied in the concentration range of 0.1-20 g Fe(2+)/L and the effect of ferric iron (0-60 g Fe(3+)/L) on Fe(2+) oxidation was investigated at pH below one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR amplified 16S rRNA genes followed by partial sequencing confirmed that the bacterial community was dominated by L. ferriphilum. In batch assays, Fe(2+) oxidation started without lag phase and the oxidation was completed within 1 to 60 h depending on the initial Fe(2+) concentration. The specific Fe(2+) oxidation rates increased up to around 4 g/L and started to decrease at above 4 g/L. This implies substrate inhibition of Fe(2+) oxidation at higher concentrations. Haldane equation fitted the experimental data reasonably well (R(2) = 0.90). The maximum specific oxidation rate (q(m)) was 2.4 mg/mg VS . h, and the values of the half saturation (K(s)) and self inhibition constants (K(i)) were 413 and 8,650 mg/L, respectively. Fe(2+) oxidation was competitively inhibited by Fe(3+) and the competitive inhibition constant (K(ii)) was 830 mg/L. The time required to reach threshold Fe(2+) concentration was around 1 day and 2.3 days with initial Fe(3+) concentration of 5 and 60 g/L, respectively. The threshold Fe(2+) concentration, below which no further Fe(2+) oxidation occurred, linearly increased with increasing initial Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) concentrations. Fe(2+) oxidation proceeds by L. ferriphilum dominated culture at pH below 1 even in the presence of 60 g Fe(3+)/L. This indicates potential of using and biologically regenerating concentrated Fe(3+) sulfate solutions required, for example, in indirect tank leaching of ore concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bestamin Ozkaya
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, Tampere University of Technology, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland.
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16
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Ballor NR, Nesbitt CC, Lueking DR. Recovery of scrap iron metal value using biogenerated ferric iron. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 93:1089-94. [PMID: 16440341 DOI: 10.1002/bit.20821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The utility of employing biogenerated ferric iron as an oxidant for the recycling of scrap metal has been demonstrated using continuously growing cells of the extremophilic organism Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. A ferric iron rich (70 mol%) lixiviant resulting from bioreactor based growth of A. ferrooxidans readily solubilized target scrap metal with the resultant generation of a leachate containing elevated ferrous iron levels and solubilized copper previously resident in the scrap metal. Recovery of the copper value was easily accomplished via a cementation reaction and the clarified leachate containing a replenished level of ferrous iron as growth substrate was shown to support the growth of A. ferrooxidans and be fully recyclable. The described process for scrap metal recycling and copper recovery was shown to be efficient and economically attractive. Additionally, the utility of employing the E(h) of the growth medium as a means for monitoring fluctuations in cell density in cultures of A. ferrooxidans is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Ballor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, 49931, USA
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17
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Li H, Lueking DR, Mihelcic JR, Peterson K. Biogeochemical analysis of hydrogen sulfide removal by a lava-rock packed biofilter. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2005; 77:179-186. [PMID: 15816681 DOI: 10.2175/106143005x41744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although lava-rock-based biofilters have demonstrated their efficiencies for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal found in odorous air emissions, the biogeochemical basis for this removal is unclear. In this study, samples of lava rock and rinse water from biofilters at Cedar Rapids Water Pollution Control Facilities (Iowa) were used to study the structure and chemical composition of lava rock and to identify the predominant microorganism(s) present in lava-rock-based biofilters. It was found that iron, in the form of Fe2+ and Fe3+, was present in lava rock. Although literature suggests that Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans are primarily responsible for gaseous H2S removal in biofilters, our study showed that Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was the dominant microorganism in the lava-rock-based biofilters. A novel mechanism for H2S removal in a lava-rock-based biofilter is proposed based on the biogeochemical analysis of lava rock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebi Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-5306, USA.
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18
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Marchand EA, Silverstein J. Influence of heterotrophic microbial growth on biological oxidation of pyrite. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:5483-5490. [PMID: 12521179 DOI: 10.1021/es0255251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The rate and extent of pyrite oxidation by the iron-oxidizing bacteria Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was limited by the growth of the heterotrophic microbe Acidiphilium acidophilum. In batch systems containing a mixture of both organisms, the maximum zero-order rate of ferric iron accumulation was about 1.4 mg of Fe3+ L(-1) d(-1) as compared to 9.4 mg of Fe3+ L(-1) d(-1) for pure cultures of A. ferrooxidans under the same conditions. Pyrite oxidation was limited in cases where both cultures of organisms were initially present as well as situations where the heterotrophic organisms were added to established, pyrite-oxidizing systems containing A. ferrooxidans. Results also indicated that organic carbon remaining in solution following heterotrophic bacterial growth reduced the rate of abiotic pyrite oxidation by the ferric ion. Furthermore, a cell-free solution of the residual organic carbon resulted in a lag of A. ferrooxidans growth in soluble ferrous medium. The residual organic carbon solution that accumulated during the growth of Aph. acidophilum had a diverse molecular weight distribution, indicating that different compounds could be responsible for the inhibition of chemical pyrite oxidation and the A. ferrooxidans growth lag observed. Titration of dissolved copper ions with residual dissolved organic carbon originating from Aph. acidophilum cultures indicated that a metal complexation mechanism could be responsible for the lower rates of pyrite oxidation observed. These data suggest that encouraging the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms under acid mine drainage conditions may be a feasible strategy for decreasing both the rate and the extent of sulfide mineral oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Marchand
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0152, USA.
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Matsumoto N, Yoshinaga H, Ohmura N, Ando A, Saiki H. Numerical simulation for electrochemical cultivation of iron oxidizing bacteria. Biotechnol Bioeng 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.10173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsumoto N, Nakasono S, Ohmura N, Saiki H. Extension of logarithmic growth ofThiobacillus ferrooxidans by potential controlled electrochemical reduction of Fe(III). Biotechnol Bioeng 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990920)64:6<716::aid-bit11>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Biological oxidation of ferrous sulphate by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans: a review on the kinetic aspects. Biochem Eng J 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(98)00006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fournier D, Lemieux R, Couillard D. Essential interactions between Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and heterotrophic microorganisms during a wastewater sludge bioleaching process. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1998; 101:303-309. [PMID: 15093092 DOI: 10.1016/s0269-7491(98)00035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/1997] [Accepted: 08/27/1997] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The stimulating effect of heterotrophic microorganisms was investigated on the growth and on the ferrous iron oxidation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in synthetic media and in wastewater sludge. The addition of a sediment. Rhodotorula rubra isolate or a strain of T. acidophilus on two-layer agarose-gelled medium doubled the plating efficiency of T. ferrooxidans. In liquid cultures, R. rubra had a slight but significant effect on the growth rate of T. ferrooxidans. Moreover, the yeast allowed a faster initiation of the ferrous iron oxidation and acidification by T. ferrooxidans. In the bioleaching process, the co-culture of T. ferrooxidans with R. rubra or with the indigenous microbial assemblage from sludge was shown to be essential since the pure culture of T. ferrooxidans failed to oxidize ferrous iron and to acidify wastewater sludge. These results emphasize the importance of active heterotrophic microorganisms in the metal bioleaching activity of T. ferrooxidans in sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fournier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-Eau), Université, du Québec, 2800 rue Einstein, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada, G1V 4C7.
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