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Sobrino OJ, Alba C, Arroyo R, Pérez I, Sariego L, Delgado S, Fernández L, de María J, Fumanal P, Fumanal A, Rodríguez JM. Replacement of Metaphylactic Antimicrobial Therapy by Oral Administration of Ligilactobacillus salivarius MP100 in a Pig Farm. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666887. [PMID: 34136556 PMCID: PMC8200559 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use in swine production contributes to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria, which poses a threat on human health. Therefore, alternative approaches must be developed. The objective of this work was the characterization of the probiotic properties of a Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain isolated from sow's milk and its application as an inoculated fermented feed to pregnant sows and piglets. The study was carried in a farm in which metaphylactic use of antimicrobials (including zinc oxide) was eliminated at the time of starting the probiotic intervention, which lasted for 2 years. Feces from 8-week-old piglets were collected before and after the treatment and microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed. The procedure led to an increase in the concentrations of clostridia and lactobacilli-related bacteria. Parallel, an increase in the concentration of butyrate, propionate and acetate was observed and a notable reduction in the presence of antibiotic resistant lactobacilli became apparent. In conclusion, replacement of antimicrobials by a microbiota-friendly approach was feasible and led to positive microbiological and biochemical changes in the enteric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odón J. Sobrino
- Scientific Society of Veterinary Public and Community Health (SOCIVESC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Sariego
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Susana Delgado
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Dairy Research Institute of Asturias, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Landete JM, Langa S, Escudero C, Peirotén Á, Arqués JL. Fluorescent detection of nisin by genetically modified Lactococcus lactis strains in milk and a colonic model: Application of whole-cell nisin biosensors. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:435-440. [PMID: 31757606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detection of bioactive peptides in complex ecosystems like intestinal environment is a difficult task. In this study, we developed two new bioreporters for nisin based on Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 transformed with the vector pNZ:Nis-aFP or pNZ:Nis-mCherry, that encoded for the anaerobic fluorescent protein evoglow-Pp1 (aFP) or the fluorescent protein mCherry, respectively. The biosensors were used to study nisin A production by L. lactis INIA 650 in milk and in a colonic model. The use of L. lactis NZ9000 pNZ:Nis-aFP as a biosensor allowed the detection of nisin produced by L. lactis INIA 650 in milk, but not in the in vitro colonic model. In milk, this reporter was induced by direct addition of 10 ng/ml nisin while, in the colonic model, nisin concentrations of 50 ng/ml were necessary. However, the reporter system based on pNZ:Nis-mCherry showed a higher sensibility, detecting nisin concentrations of 1 ng/ml produced by L. lactis INIA 650 in colonic media using agar diffusion or cross streak bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Langa
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Peirotén
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan L Arqués
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, INIA, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Fernández L, Martínez R, Pérez M, Arroyo R, Rodríguez JM. Characterization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP01 and Lactobacillus plantarum MP02 and Assessment of Their Potential for the Prevention of Gastrointestinal Infections in an Experimental Canine Model. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1117. [PMID: 31178838 PMCID: PMC6543525 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus MP01 and Lactobacillus plantarum MP02, two strains isolated from canine milk. These two isolates were characterized in vitro for their survival to conditions similar to those found in the canine gastrointestinal tract, production of antimicrobial compounds, adherence to intestinal mucin, degradation of mucin, and antibiotic sensitivity. Globally, both strains exhibited a high in vitro probiotic potential. Finally, their potential for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections was evaluated in an experimental canine model using 1-month-old puppies. A group of 12 German shepherd puppies, 6 males and 6 females, received L. rhamnosus MP01 daily for 2 months and a second group of 12 puppies, 6 males and 6 females, of the same breed received L. plantarum MP02 during the same period of time. The same experimental approach was carried with Yorkshire puppies. Additionally, the trial included 12 dogs of each breed in the placebo groups. The results demonstrated that administration of the strains resulted in a significant preventive effect of gastrointestinal infections in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leónides Fernández
- Departmental Section of Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Martínez
- Veterinary Center “Galileo”, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Martín V, Cárdenas N, Ocaña S, Marín M, Arroyo R, Beltrán D, Badiola C, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM. Rectal and Vaginal Eradication of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) in Pregnant Women by Using Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 9145, A Target-specific Probiotic Strain. Nutrients 2019; 11:E810. [PMID: 30974819 PMCID: PMC6521265 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococci, GBS) can cause severe neonatal sepsis. The recto-vaginal GBS screening of pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to positive ones is one of the main preventive options. However, such a strategy has some limitations and there is a need for alternative approaches. Initially, the vaginal microbiota of 30 non-pregnant and 24 pregnant women, including the assessment of GBS colonization, was studied. Among the Lactobacillus isolates, 10 Lactobacillus salivarius strains were selected for further characterization. In vitro characterization revealed that L. salivarius CECT 9145 was the best candidate for GBS eradication. Its efficacy to eradicate GBS from the intestinal and vaginal tracts of pregnant women was evaluated in a pilot trial involving 57 healthy pregnant women. All the volunteers in the probiotic group (n = 25) were GBS-positive and consumed ~9 log10 cfu of L. salivarius CECT 9145 daily from week 26 to week 38. At the end of the trial (week 38), 72% and 68% of the women in this group were GBS-negative in the rectal and vaginal samples, respectively. L. salivarius CECT 9145 seems to be an efficient method to reduce the number of GBS-positive women during pregnancy, decreasing the number of women receiving IAP during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Martín
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nivia Cárdenas
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Ocaña
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Reproducción, Fundación Hospital Alcorcón, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain.
| | - María Marín
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Beltrán
- Centro de Diagnóstico Médico, Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Badiola
- Laboratorios Casen Recordati S.L., Vía de las Dos Castillas, 33, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Cárdenas N, Martín V, Arroyo R, López M, Carrera M, Badiola C, Jiménez E, Rodríguez JM. Prevention of Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Children Through the Use of Lactobacillus salivarius PS7, a Target-Specific Probiotic Strain. Nutrients 2019; 11:E376. [PMID: 30759799 PMCID: PMC6413216 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common bacterial infections in children. Empiric antibiotherapy leads to increasing antimicrobial resistance rates among otopathogens and may impair the correct development of the microbiota in early life. In this context, probiotics seem to be an attractive approach for preventing recurrent AOM (rAOM) through the restoration of the middle ear and nasopharyngeal microbiota. The aim of this study was the selection of a probiotic strain (Lactobacillus salivarius PS7), specifically tailored for its antagonism against otopathogens. Since L. salivarius PS7 was safe and displayed a strong antimicrobial activity against otopathogens, its efficacy in preventing rAOM was assessed in a trial involving 61 children suffering from rAOM. Children consumed daily ~1 × 10⁸ CFU of L. salivarius PS7, and the number of AOM episodes were registered and compared with that observed in the previous 6 and 12 months. The microbiota of samples collected from the external auditory canal samples was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. The number of AOM episodes during the intervention period decreased significantly (84%) when compared to that reported during the 6 months period before the probiotic intervention. In conclusion, L. salivarius PS7 is a promising strain for the prevention of rAOM in infants and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivia Cárdenas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Virginia Martín
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario López
- Centro de Salud Bermeo, Tonpoi Kalea, s/n, 48370 Bermeo, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Marta Carrera
- Centro de Salud Silvano, Av. de Machupichu, 58, 28043 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Badiola
- Laboratorios Casen Recordati S.L., Vía de las Dos Castillas, 33, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther Jiménez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan M Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Langa S, Arqués JL, Medina M, Landete JM. Coproduction of colicin V and lactic acid bacteria bacteriocins in lactococci and enterococci strains of biotechnological interest. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1159-1167. [PMID: 28261897 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was the coproduction in a single strain of the Gram-negative bacteriocin colicin V with other bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria (LAB). METHODS AND RESULTS Colicin V was expressed in Lactococcus and Enterococcus strains by replacing the colicin V leader peptide by the leader peptide and promoter of d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase from Lactobacillus reuteri CECT925 in pNZ8048 (pNZ:LR-colV). The antimicrobial activity of colicin V against the indicator organism Escherichia coli DH5α in transformed strains was checked by agar diffusion assay and SDS-PAGE analysis. CONCLUSIONS Lactococcus and Enterococcus transformed with pNZ:LR-colV were able to coproduce colicin V at high levels together with other LAB bacteriocins such as nisin A, nisin Z, lacticin 481 or enterocins A and B, obtaining broad-spectrum activity strains with large potential applications. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The construction showed in this work could be used for the heterologous expression of other bacteriocins active against Gram-negative bacteria or wide-spectrum bacteriocins from LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Langa
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J L Arqués
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Medina
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Landete
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Arora T, Wegmann U, Bobhate A, Lee YS, Greiner TU, Drucker DJ, Narbad A, Bäckhed F. Microbially produced glucagon-like peptide 1 improves glucose tolerance in mice. Mol Metab 2016; 5:725-730. [PMID: 27656410 PMCID: PMC5021674 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The enteroendocrine hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an attractive anti-diabetic therapy. Here, we generated a recombinant Lactococcus lactis strain genetically modified to produce GLP-1 and investigated its ability to improve glucose tolerance in mice on chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Methods We transformed L. lactis FI5876 with either empty vector (pUK200) or murine GLP-1 expression vector to generate LL-UK200 and LL-GLP1, respectively, and determined their potential to induce insulin secretion by incubating primary islets from wild-type (WT) and GLP-1 receptor knockout (GLP1R-KO) mice with culture supernatant of these strains. In addition, we administered these strains to mice on chow or HFD. At the end of the study period, we measured plasma GLP-1 levels, performed intraperitoneal glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests, and determined hepatic expression of the gluconeogenic genes G6pc and Pepck. Results Insulin release from primary islets of WT but not GLP1R-KO mice was higher following incubation with culture supernatant from LL-GLP1 compared with LL-UK200. In mice on chow, supplementation with LL-GLP1 versus LL-UK200 promoted increased vena porta levels of GLP-1 in both WT and GLP1R-KO mice; however, LL-GLP1 promoted improved glucose tolerance in WT but not in GLP1R-KO mice, indicating a requirement for the GLP-1 receptor. In mice on HFD and thus with impaired glucose tolerance, supplementation with LL-GLP1 versus LL-UK200 promoted a pronounced improvement in glucose tolerance together with increased insulin levels. Supplementation with LL-GLP1 versus LL-UK200 did not affect insulin tolerance but resulted in reduced expression of G6pc in both chow and HFD-fed mice. Conclusions The L. lactis strain genetically modified to produce GLP-1 is capable of stimulating insulin secretion from islets and improving glucose tolerance in mice. L. lactis can be engineered to produce Glucagon like peptide-1 (LL-GLP1). L. lactis-derived GLP-1 induces insulin release in primary islets. LL-GLP1 increases circulating GLP-1 levels in both chow and high fat diet fed mice. LL-GLP1 improves glucose tolerance in both chow and high fat diet fed mice. GLP-1 receptor is required to exhibit the biological response to LL-GLP1.
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Key Words
- DPP4, Dipeptidyl peptidase 4
- G-KRB, glucose-Krebs ringer buffer
- G6pc, glucose 6 phosphatase, catalytic subunit
- GLP-1
- GLP-1, Glucagon-like peptide 1
- GLP1R-KO, GLP-1 receptor knock out
- Glucose tolerance
- HFD, high fat diet
- IPGTT, Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test
- ITT, Insulin tolerance test
- LL-GLP1, GLP-1 producing recombinant strain
- LL-UK200, Control vector only strain
- Lactococcus lactis
- Pepck, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Recombinant bacteria
- WT, Wild type
- cfu, Colony forming unit
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Arora
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Udo Wegmann
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Anup Bobhate
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Ying Shiuan Lee
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas U Greiner
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Arjan Narbad
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory and Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Gervasi T, Horn N, Wegmann U, Dugo G, Narbad A, Mayer MJ. Expression and delivery of an endolysin to combat Clostridium perfringens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2495-505. [PMID: 23942878 PMCID: PMC3936119 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a cause for increasing concern due to its responsibility for severe infections both in humans and animals, especially poultry. To find new control strategies to treat C. perfringens infection, we investigated the activity and delivery of a bacteriophage endolysin. We identified a new endolysin, designated CP25L, which shows similarity to an N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain and is distinct from other C. perfringens endolysins whose activity has been demonstrated in vitro. The cp25l gene was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene product demonstrated lytic activity against all 25 C. perfringens strains tested. The probiotic strain Lactobacillus johnsonii FI9785 was engineered to deliver the endolysin to the gastrointestinal tract. The integration of the nisRK two-component regulatory system from the Lactococcus lactis nisin A biosynthesis operon into the chromosome of L. johnsonii allowed constitutive expression of the endolysin under the control of the nisA promoter (PnisA), while the use of a signal peptide (SLPmod) led to successful secretion of the active endolysin to the surrounding media. The high specificity and activity of the endolysin suggest that it may be developed as an effective tool to enhance the control of C. perfringens by L. johnsonii in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gervasi
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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Field D, Begley M, O’Connor PM, Daly KM, Hugenholtz F, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. Bioengineered nisin A derivatives with enhanced activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46884. [PMID: 23056510 PMCID: PMC3466204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nisin is a bacteriocin widely utilized in more than 50 countries as a safe and natural antibacterial food preservative. It is the most extensively studied bacteriocin, having undergone decades of bioengineering with a view to improving function and physicochemical properties. The discovery of novel nisin variants with enhanced activity against clinical and foodborne pathogens has recently been described. We screened a randomized bank of nisin A producers and identified a variant with a serine to glycine change at position 29 (S29G), with enhanced efficacy against S. aureus SA113. Using a site-saturation mutagenesis approach we generated three more derivatives (S29A, S29D and S29E) with enhanced activity against a range of Gram positive drug resistant clinical, veterinary and food pathogens. In addition, a number of the nisin S29 derivatives displayed superior antimicrobial activity to nisin A when assessed against a range of Gram negative food-associated pathogens, including E. coli, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Cronobacter sakazakii. This is the first report of derivatives of nisin, or indeed any lantibiotic, with enhanced antimicrobial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Maire Begley
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Karen M. Daly
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Floor Hugenholtz
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail: (PDC); (CH)
| | - Colin Hill
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- * E-mail: (PDC); (CH)
| | - R. Paul Ross
- Teagasc, Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Field D, Hill C, Cotter PD, Ross RP. The dawning of a ‘Golden era’ in lantibiotic bioengineering. Mol Microbiol 2010; 78:1077-87. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2010.07406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Appleyard AN, Choi S, Read DM, Lightfoot A, Boakes S, Hoffmann A, Chopra I, Bierbaum G, Rudd BA, Dawson MJ, Cortes J. Dissecting structural and functional diversity of the lantibiotic mersacidin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:490-8. [PMID: 19477413 PMCID: PMC2706954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mersacidin is a tetracyclic lantibiotic with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens. To probe the specificity of the biosynthetic pathway of mersacidin and obtain analogs with improved antibacterial activity, an efficient system for generating variants of this lantibiotic was developed. A saturation mutagenesis library of the residues of mersacidin not involved in cycle formation was constructed and used to validate this system. Mersacidin analogs were obtained in good yield in approximately 35% of the cases, producing a collection of 82 new compounds. This system was also used for the production of deletion and insertion mutants of mersacidin. The outcome of these studies suggests that this system can be extended to produce mersacidin variants with multiple changes that will allow a full investigation of the potential use of modified mersacidins as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony N. Appleyard
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
| | - Shaila Choi
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
| | - Daniel M. Read
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
| | - Ann Lightfoot
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven Boakes
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
| | - Anja Hoffmann
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Universität Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ian Chopra
- Antimicrobial Research Centre and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Gabriele Bierbaum
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Universität Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brian A.M. Rudd
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
| | - Michael J. Dawson
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
| | - Jesus Cortes
- Novacta Biosystems Ltd., BioPark Hertfordshire, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire AL7 3AX, UK
- Corresponding author
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Enhanced secretion of biologically active murine interleukin-12 by Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 75:869-71. [PMID: 19060166 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01728-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel signal peptide SLPmod was used for the secretion of murine interleukin-12 (mIL-12) by Lactococcus lactis. A >4-fold increase in secretion was observed when SLPmod was used instead of the Usp45-derived secretion signal. Oral delivery of this cytokine using the autoinducible host L. lactis FI5876 utilizing SLPmod resulted in a significant increase in mIL-12 plasma levels in mice.
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15
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Lee NK, Park YL, Kim HW, Park YH, Rhim SL, Kim JM, Kim JM, Nam HM, Jung SC, Paik HD. Purification and Characterization of Lacticin NK34 Produced by Lactococcus lactis NK34 against Bovine Mastitis. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2008. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2008.28.4.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Fernández L, Delgado S, Herrero H, Maldonado A, Rodríguez JM. The bacteriocin nisin, an effective agent for the treatment of staphylococcal mastitis during lactation. J Hum Lact 2008; 24:311-6. [PMID: 18689718 DOI: 10.1177/0890334408317435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Eight women with clinical signs of staphylococcal mastitis were randomly divided in 2 groups. A solution of the bacteriocin nisin (6 microg/mL) was applied to the nipple and mammary areola of those assigned to the nisin group for 2 weeks, and a similar preparation devoid of nisin was applied to the control group. On day 0, staphylococcal counts in breast milk of the nisin and control groups were similar (5.04+/-0.19 and 4.88+/-0.21 log10 CFU/mL, respectively). However, on day 14, the mean in the nisin group (3.22+/-0.43 log10 CFU/mL) was statistically lower than that of the control group (5.01+/-0.21 log10 CFU/mL). No clinical signs of mastitis were observed among the women of the nisin group on day 14, whereas they persisted throughout the study in the women of the control group. In conclusion, nisin seems to be an efficient alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of staphylococcal mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonides Fernández
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos (NBTA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
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17
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Arqués J, Rodríguez J, Gasson M, Horn N. Short Communication: Immunity Gene pedB Enhances Production of Pediocin PA-1 in Naturally Resistant Lactococcus lactis Strains. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:2591-4. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Sahl HG, Jack RW, Bierbaum G. Biosynthesis and Biological Activities of Lantibiotics with Unique Post-Translational Modifications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.0827g.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Reviriego C, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM. A food-grade system for production of pediocin PA-1 in nisin-producing and non-nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains: application to inhibit Listeria growth in a cheese model system. J Food Prot 2007; 70:2512-7. [PMID: 18044428 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.11.2512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Food-grade heterologous production of pediocin PA-1 in nisin-producing and non-nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains, previously selected because of their technological properties for cheese making, was achieved. Plasmid pGA1, which contains the complete pediocin operon under the control of the strong P32 promoter and is devoid of any antibiotic marker, was introduced into L. lactis ESI 153 and L. lactis ESI 515 (Nis+). Transformation of L. lactis ESI 515 with pGA1 did not affect its ability to produce nisin. The antimicrobial activity of the pediocin-producing transformants on the survival of Listeria innocua SA1 during cheese ripening was also investigated. Cheeses were manufactured from milk inoculated with 1% of the lactic culture and with or without approximately 4 log CFU/ml of the Listeria strain. L. lactis ESI 153, L. lactis ESI 515, and their transformants (L. lactis GA1 and GA2, respectively) were used as starter cultures. At the end of the ripening period, counts of L. innocua in cheeses made with the bacteriocin-producing lactococcal strains were below 50 CFU/g in the L. lactis GA1 cheeses and below 25 CFU/g in the L. lactis GA2 ones, compared with 3.7 million CFU/g for the controls without nisin or pediocin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reviriego
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Field D, Collins B, Cotter PD, Hill C, Ross RP. A System for the Random Mutagenesis of the Two-Peptide Lantibiotic Lacticin 3147: Analysis of Mutants Producing Reduced Antibacterial Activities. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 13:226-34. [PMID: 17827973 DOI: 10.1159/000104747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides that contain several unusual amino acids resulting from a series of enzyme-mediated posttranslational modifications. As a consequence of being gene-encoded, the implementation of peptide bioengineering systems has the potential to yield lantibiotic variants with enhanced chemical and physical properties. Here we describe a functional two-plasmid expression system which has been developed to allow random mutagenesis of the two-component lantibiotic, lacticin 3147. One of these plasmids contains a randomly mutated version of the two structural genes, ltnA1 and ltnA2, and the associated promoter, Pbac, while the other encodes the remainder of the proteins required for the biosynthesis of, and immunity to, lacticin 3147. To test this system, a bank of approximately 1,500 mutant strains was generated and screened to identify mutations that have a detrimental impact on the bioactivity of lacticin 3147. This strategy established/confirmed the importance of specific residues in the structural peptides and their associated leaders and revealed that a number of alterations which mapped to the -10 or -35 regions of Pbac abolished promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Wegmann U, O'Connell-Motherway M, Zomer A, Buist G, Shearman C, Canchaya C, Ventura M, Goesmann A, Gasson MJ, Kuipers OP, van Sinderen D, Kok J. Complete genome sequence of the prototype lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:3256-70. [PMID: 17307855 PMCID: PMC1855848 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01768-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is of great importance for the nutrition of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. This paper describes the genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363, the lactococcal strain most intensively studied throughout the world. The 2,529,478-bp genome contains 81 pseudogenes and encodes 2,436 proteins. Of the 530 unique proteins, 47 belong to the COG (clusters of orthologous groups) functional category "carbohydrate metabolism and transport," by far the largest category of novel proteins in comparison with L. lactis subsp. lactis IL1403. Nearly one-fifth of the 71 insertion elements are concentrated in a specific 56-kb region. This integration hot-spot region carries genes that are typically associated with lactococcal plasmids and a repeat sequence specifically found on plasmids and in the "lateral gene transfer hot spot" in the genome of Streptococcus thermophilus. Although the parent of L. lactis MG1363 was used to demonstrate lysogeny in Lactococcus, L. lactis MG1363 carries four remnant/satellite phages and two apparently complete prophages. The availability of the L. lactis MG1363 genome sequence will reinforce its status as the prototype among lactic acid bacteria through facilitation of further applied and fundamental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Wegmann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, The Netherlands
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22
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Cotter PD, Deegan LH, Lawton EM, Draper LA, O'Connor PM, Hill C, Ross RP. Complete alanine scanning of the two-component lantibiotic lacticin 3147: generating a blueprint for rational drug design. Mol Microbiol 2007; 62:735-47. [PMID: 17076667 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05398.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are post-translationally modified antimicrobial peptides which are active at nanomolar concentrations. Some lantibiotics have been shown to function by targeting lipid II, the essential precursor of cell wall biosynthesis. Given that lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and amenable to site-directed mutagenesis, they have the potential to serve as biological templates for the production of novel peptides with improved functionalities. However, if a rational approach to novel lantibiotic design is to be adopted, an appreciation of the roles of each individual amino acid (and each domain) is required. To date no lantibiotic has been subjected to such rigorous analysis. To address this issue we have carried out complete scanning mutagenesis of each of the 59 amino acids in lacticin 3147, a two-component lantibiotic which acts through the synergistic activity of the peptides LtnA1 (30 amino acids) and LtnA2 (29 amino acids). All mutations were performed in situ in the native 60 kb plasmid, pMRC01. A number of mutations resulted in the elimination of detectable bioactivity and seem to represent an invariable core within these and related peptides. Significantly however, of the 59 amino acids, at least 36 can be changed without resulting in a complete loss of activity. Many of these are clustered to form variable domains within the peptides. The information generated in this study represents a blue-print that will be critical for the rational design of lantibiotic-based antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Cotter
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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23
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Martínez-Cuesta MC, Peláez C, Eagles J, Gasson MJ, Requena T, Hanniffy SB. YtjE from Lactococcus lactis IL1403 Is a C-S lyase with alpha, gamma-elimination activity toward methionine. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72:4878-84. [PMID: 16820483 PMCID: PMC1489307 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00712-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheese microbiota and the enzymatic conversion of methionine to volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are important factors in flavor formation during cheese ripening and the foci in biotechnological approaches to flavor improvement. The product of ytjE of Lactococcus lactis IL1403, suggested to be a methionine-specific aminotransferase based on genome sequence analysis, was therefore investigated for its role in methionine catabolism. The ytjE gene from Lactococcus lactis IL1403 was cloned in Escherichia coli and overexpressed and purified as a recombinant protein. When tested, the YtjE protein did not exhibit a specific methionine aminotransferase activity. Instead, YtjE exhibited C-S lyase activity and shared homology with the MalY/PatC family of enzymes involved in the degradation of L-cysteine, L-cystine, and L-cystathionine. YtjE was also shown to exhibit alpha,gamma-elimination activity toward L-methionine. In addition, gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry analysis showed that YtjE activity resulted in the formation of H2S from L-cysteine and methanethiol (and its oxidized derivatives dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide) from L-methionine. Given their significance in cheese flavor development, VSC production by YtjE could offer an additional approach for the development of cultures with optimized aromatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Martínez-Cuesta
- Department of Dairy Science and Technology, Instituto del Frío, C/José Antonio Novais 10, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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24
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Scupham AJ, Triplett EW. Determination of the amino acid residues required for the activity of the anti-rhizobial peptide antibiotic trifolitoxin. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100:500-7. [PMID: 16478489 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2005.02803.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The first aim was to determine those amino acid residues required for the biological activity of the potent peptide antibiotic, trifolitoxin (TFX). The second aim was to determine the concentrations of TFX1 and TFX2 that cause 50% inhibition of bacterial growth (Ki), the two predominant isomeric forms of TFX made by Rhizobium. METHODS AND RESULTS Site-directed mutagenesis of tfxA was used to produce strains that made mutant TFX peptides. The mutant tfxA genes were placed on a vector and inserted in Rhizobium leguminosarum b. trifolii Tn54A112, a tfxA mutant of strain T24 that lacks trifolitoxin activity. Our standard bioassay was used to assess the activity of these mutants. TFX1 and TFX2 were purified by reverse phase chromatography. Several concentrations of each peptide were assayed for biological activity to determine Ki. The unmodified TFX peptide (DIGGSRQGCVA) was synthesized and was found to lack any biological activity. Four of the 11 amino acid residues in ribosomally synthesized, post-translationally modified peptide were required for TFX activity. These required amino acids include arginine (R37), glutamine (Q38), glycine (G39) and cysteine (C40). S36T and S36Y mutants showed reduced TFX activity. The numbering system is based on the 42-amino acid TfxA peptide that is post-translationally modified to form the active TFX peptide. The Ki of TFX2 was determined to be 10-fold lower than TFX1. CONCLUSIONS The post-translational modifications of the TfxA peptide are required for biological activity. TFX2 is far more active than TFX1. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The sequence of the TfxA peptide appears to have been optimized for maximum activity through the course of evolution. Even conservative changes to any of the amino acid residues required for activity results in a complete loss of activity. The understanding of the action of this peptide is critical for its proposed action as a control agent for crown gall disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Scupham
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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25
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Beaulieu L, Groleau D, Miguez CB, Jetté JF, Aomari H, Subirade M. Production of pediocin PA-1 in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris reveals unexpected inhibition of its biological activity due to the presence of collagen-like material. Protein Expr Purif 2005; 43:111-25. [PMID: 16023368 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2005.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 05/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the pedA gene from Pediococcus acidilactici, coding for mature bacteriocin Pediocin PA-1, was investigated using the yeast Pichia pastoris to obtain larger quantities of pediocin to support additional studies, including structure-function research. Following various cloning strategies, a KM71H (Mut(s)) strain was selected. A significant concentration (74 microg/ml) of extracellular recombinant pediocin was obtained but the pediocin showed no biological activity. Supernatant fluids from P. pastoris cultures, harboring or not pedA, inhibited the biological activity of natural pediocin PA-1. The recombinant pediocin appeared as a mixture of three main fractions (7-8, 11, 20 kDa vs. 4.6 kDa for natural pediocin PA-1). The recombinant pediocin was also less hydrophobic and behaved differently when subjected to isoelectric focusing. Strong evidence indicated that some "collagen-like" material was tightly associated, most probably via covalent binding, to the recombinant pediocin. The "collagen-like" material was most probably responsible for the lack of biological activity of the recombinant pediocin and for the differences observed regarding some of the physico-chemical properties. Both the recombinant pediocin and natural pediocin were sensitive to collagenase, suggesting that pediocin PA-1 may possess a somewhat "collagen-like" nature. Interestingly, recombinant pediocin preparations showed the ability to assemble into fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Beaulieu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council, 6100 Royalmount Avenue, Montreal, Que., Canada
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26
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Martínez-Cuesta MDC, Payne J, Hanniffy SB, Gasson MJ, Narbad A. Functional analysis of the vanillin pathway in a vdh-negative mutant strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2005.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Martínez-Cuesta MC, Gasson MJ, Narbad A. Heterologous expression of the plant coumarate: CoA ligase in Lactococcus lactis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2005; 40:44-9. [PMID: 15613001 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01621.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To demonstrate the expression of coumarate : CoA ligase of Arabidopsis thaliana in Lactococcus lactis as a first step of cloning the vanillin pathway. METHODS AND RESULTS The 4CL gene was amplified from a cDNA library of A. thaliana by PCR and subcloned into a multicopy lactococcal vector where the expression is under the nisA promoter. The maximum yield of the protein in the recombinant strain of L. lactis was obtained 3 h after induction with 10 ng ml(-1) of nisin. However, these levels were only fraction of those detected in cell extracts of Pseudomonas fluorescens AN103 strain which naturally expresses its own enzyme when grown in the presence of ferulic acid as a carbon source. Among different substrates examined, the enzyme was most active against coumaric acid. CONCLUSIONS The gene encoding coumarate : CoA ligase in A. thaliana was isolated, sequenced, cloned and expressed in L. lactis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study represents the first of the two steps for genetic engineering of the vanillin pathway in the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) organism L. lactis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Martínez-Cuesta
- Food Safety Science Division, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
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28
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Martín R, Olivares M, Marín ML, Fernández L, Xaus J, Rodríguez JM. Probiotic potential of 3 Lactobacilli strains isolated from breast milk. J Hum Lact 2005; 21:8-17; quiz 18-21, 41. [PMID: 15681631 DOI: 10.1177/0890334404272393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is an important factor in the initiation, development, and composition of the neonatal gut microbiota. In a previous study, the authors isolated lactic acid bacteria from milk of healthy mothers. Since some of the identified isolates belonged to the genus Lactobacillus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the probiotic potential of 2 Lactobacillus gasseri and 1 Lactobacillus fermentum strains. Different assays, including survival to conditions simulating those existing in the gastrointestinal tract, production of antimicrobial compounds, adherence to intestinal cells, production of biogenic amines, degradation of mucin, enzymatic profile, and pattern of antibiotic resistance, were performed. Globally, the results showed that the probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from milk of healthy mothers is, at least, similar to that of the strains commonly used in commercial probiotic products. This fact, together with the presence of prebiotic substances, indicates that breast milk is a natural synbiotic food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Martín
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain
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29
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Kim MH, Kong YJ, Baek H, Hyun HH. Production, purification, and characterization of micrococcin GO5, a bacteriocin produced by Micrococcus sp. GO5 isolated from kimchi. J Food Prot 2005; 68:157-63. [PMID: 15690819 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-68.1.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Strain GO5, a bacteriocin-producing bacterium, was isolated from green onion kimchi and identified as Micrococcus sp. The bacteriocin, micrococcin GO5, displayed a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against a variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms, as tested by the spot-on-lawn method; its activity spectrum was almost identical to that of nisin. Micrococcin GO5 was inactivated by trypsin (whereas nisin was not) and was completely stable at 100 degrees C for 30 min and in the pH range of 2.0 to 7.0. Micrococcin GO5 exhibited a typical mode of bactericidal activity against Micrococcus flavus ATCC 10240. It was purified to homogeneity through ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, and CM-Sepharose column chromatography. The molecular mass of micrococcin GO5 was estimated to be about 5.0 kDa by tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in situ activity assay with the indicator organism. The amino acid sequence of micrococcin GO5 lacks lanthionine and beta-methyllanthionine and is rich in hydrophobic amino acids and glycine, providing the basis for the high heat stability of this bacteriocin. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of micrococcin GO5 is Lys-Lys-Ser-Phe-Cys-Gln-Lys, and no homology to bacteriocins reported previously was observed in the amino acid composition or N-terminal amino acid sequence. Based on the physicochemical properties, small molecular size, and inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, micrococcin GO5 has been placed with the class II bacteriocins, but its broad spectrum of activity differs from that of other bacteriocins in this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Kyonggi 449-791, Korea
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30
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Production of pediocin PA-1, and coproduction of nisin A and pediocin PA-1, by wild Lactococcus lactis strains of dairy origin. Int Dairy J 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Horn N, Fernández A, Dodd HM, Gasson MJ, Rodríguez JM. Nisin-controlled production of pediocin PA-1 and colicin V in nisin- and non-nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2004; 70:5030-2. [PMID: 15294845 PMCID: PMC492314 DOI: 10.1128/aem.70.8.5030-5032.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 05/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of chimeric genes encoding the fusion leader of lactococcin A-propediocin PA-1 or procolicin V under the control of the inducible nisA promoter and the lactococcin A-dedicated secretion genes (lcnCD) into Lactococcus lactis strains, including a nisin producer, expressing the two component regulator NisRK led to the production or pediocin PA-1 or colicin V, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Horn
- Food Safety Science Division, BBSRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, UK
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32
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Szekat C, Jack RW, Skutlarek D, Färber H, Bierbaum G. Construction of an expression system for site-directed mutagenesis of the lantibiotic mersacidin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2003; 69:3777-83. [PMID: 12839744 PMCID: PMC165212 DOI: 10.1128/aem.69.7.3777-3783.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lantibiotic (i.e., lanthionine-containing antibiotic) mersacidin is an antimicrobial peptide of 20 amino acids which is produced by Bacillus sp. strain HIL Y-85,54728. Mersacidin inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by binding to the precursor molecule lipid II. The structural gene of mersacidin (mrsA) and the genes for the enzymes of the biosynthesis pathway, dedicated transporters, producer self-protection proteins, and regulatory factors are organized in a biosynthetic gene cluster. For site-directed mutagenesis of lantibiotics, the engineered genes must be expressed in an expression system that contains all of the factors necessary for biosynthesis, export, and producer self-protection. In order to express engineered mersacidin peptides, a system in which the engineered gene replaces the wild-type gene on the chromosome was constructed. To test the expression system, three mutants were constructed. In S16I mersacidin, the didehydroalanine residue (Dha) at position 16 was replaced with the Ile residue found in the closely related lantibiotic actagardine. S16I mersacidin was produced only in small amounts. The purified peptide had markedly reduced antimicrobial activity, indicating an essential role for Dha16 in biosynthesis and biological activity of mersacidin. Similarly, Glu17, which is thought to be an essential structure in mersacidin, was exchanged for alanine. E17A mersacidin was obtained in good yields but also showed markedly reduced activity, thus confirming the importance of the carboxylic acid function at position 17 in the biological activity of mersacidin. Finally, the exchange of an aromatic for an aliphatic hydrophobic residue at position 3 resulted in the mutant peptide F3L mersacidin; this peptide showed only moderately reduced activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Szekat
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
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33
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Gould GW. Symposium on 'nutritional effects of new processing technologies'. New processing technologies: an overview. Proc Nutr Soc 2001; 60:463-74. [PMID: 12069399 DOI: 10.1079/pns2001105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Most food-preservation techniques act by slowing down or completely inhibiting the growth of micro-organisms. Few techniques act by inactivating them. While heat remains the technique most extensively used for inactivation, there has been increasing interest recently in the development of alternative approaches in response to the desires of consumers for products which are less organoleptically and nutritionally damaged during processing and less reliant on additives than previously. The new approaches, therefore, mostly involve technologies that offer full or partial alternatives to heat for the inactivation of bacteria, yeasts and moulds. They include the application to foods of high hydrostatic pressure, high-voltage electric discharges, high-intensity laser and non-coherent light pulses, 'manothermosonication' (the combination of mild heating with ultrasonication and slightly-raised pressure), and high-magnetic-field pulses. In addition, a number of naturally-occurring antimicrobials, including lysozyme and low-molecular-weight products of micro-organisms are finding increasing use. High pressure is being used commercially to non-thermally pasteurize a number of foods, while the other physical procedures are in various stages of development and commercial evaluation. Possible nutritional consequences have so far been given little attention compared with microbiological ones.
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Osmanağaoğlu O, Beyatli Y, Gündüz U, Saçilik SC. Analysis of the genetic determinant for production of the pediocin P of Pediococcus pentosaceus Pep1. J Basic Microbiol 2001; 40:233-41. [PMID: 10986669 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4028(200008)40:4<233::aid-jobm233>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pediococcus pentosaceus Pep1 is a vacuum-packaged Turkish sausage isolate which produces a potentially novel bacteriocin of the pediocin (anti-Listeria) family of peptides designated as pediocin P. Curing experiments and plasmid profile analysis indicated that both bacteriocin immunity and production determinants were linked and encoded by 9.0 MDa plasmid, pHD1.0. Attempts to transform purified plasmid pHD1.0 into recipient Escherichia coli JM109 cells by electroporation were successful but none of the E. coli JM109 cells were able to express and/or release pediocin P. However, P. pentosaceus PC, a plasmid-cured variant of P. pentosaceus Pep1 was successfully transformed with pHD1.0 by electroporation and Bac-Bacs P. pentosaceus PC cells restarted to express and/or release pediocin P again as indicated by the presence of zone of growth inhibition of L. plantarum NCDO 955 around colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Osmanağaoğlu
- Gazi University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Turkey.
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Abstract
Lantibiotics are a subgroup of bacteriocins that are characterized by the presence of the unusual thioether amino acids lanthionine and 3-methyllanthionine generated through posttranslational modification. The biosynthesis of lantibiotics follows a defined pathway comprising modifications of the prepeptide, proteolytic activation, and export. The genes encoding the biosynthesis apparatus and the lantibiotic prepeptide are organized in clusters, which also include information for proteins involved in regulation and producer self-protection. The elongated cationic lantibiotics primarily act through the formation of pores and recent progress with nisin and epidermin has shown that specific docking molecules such as lipid II play an essential role in this mechanism. Mersacidin and actagardine inhibit cell wall biosynthesis by complexing the precursor lipid II, whereas the cinnamycin-like peptides bind to phosphoethanolamine thus inhibiting phospholipase A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guder
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Universität Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
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Choi HJ, Cheigh CI, Kim SB, Pyun YR. Production of a nisin-like bacteriocin by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis A164 isolated from Kimchi. J Appl Microbiol 2000; 88:563-71. [PMID: 10792514 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00976.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis A164 was isolated from Kimchi (Korean traditional fermented vegetables). The bacteriocin produced by strain A164 was active against closely related lactic acid bacteria and some food-borne pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium. The antimicrobial spectrum was nearly identical to that of nisin. Bacteriocin activity was not destroyed by exposure to elevated temperatures at low pH values, but the activity was lost at high pH values. This bacteriocin was inactivated by pronase E and alpha, beta-chymotrypsin, but not by trypsin, pepsin, and alpha-amylase. Cultures of L. lactis subsp. lactis A164 maintained at a constant pH of 6.0 exhibited maximum production of the bacteriocin. It was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, sequential ion exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration. Tricine-SDS-PAGE of purified bacteriocin gave the same molecular weight of 3.5 kDa as that of nisin. The gene encoding this bacteriocin was amplified by PCR with nisin gene-specific primers and sequenced. It showed identical sequences to the nisin gene. These results indicate that bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis A164 is a nisin-like bacteriocin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioproducts Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Horn N, Martínez MI, Martínez JM, Hernández PE, Gasson MJ, Rodríguez JM, Dodd HM. Enhanced production of pediocin PA-1 and coproduction of nisin and pediocin PA-1 by Lactococcus lactis. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:4443-50. [PMID: 10508073 PMCID: PMC91591 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.10.4443-4450.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/1999] [Accepted: 07/12/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and secretion of class II bacteriocins share a number of features that allow the interchange of genetic determinants between certain members of this group of antimicrobial peptides. Lactococcus lactis IL1403 encodes translocatory functions able to recognize and mediate secretion of lactococcin A. The ability of this strain to also produce the pediococcal bacteriocin pediocin PA-1, has been demonstrated previously by the introduction of a chimeric gene, composed of sequences encoding the leader of lactococcin A and the mature part of pediocin PA-1 (N. Horn, M. I. Martínez, J. M. Martínez, P. E. Hernández, M. J. Gasson, J. M. Rodríguez, and H. M. Dodd, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:818-823, 1998). This heterologous expression system has been developed further with the introduction of the lactococcin A-dedicated translocatory function genes, lcnC and lcnD, and their effect on bacteriocin yields in various lactococcal hosts was assessed. The copy number of lcnC and lcnD influenced production levels, as did the particular strain employed as host. Highest yields were achieved with L. lactis IL1403, which generated pediocin PA-1 at a level similar to that for the parental strain, Pediococcus acidilactici 347, representing a significant improvement over previous systems. The genetic determinants required for production of pediocin PA-1 were introduced into the nisin-producing strain L. lactis FI5876, where both pediocin PA-1 and nisin A were simultaneously produced. The implications of coproduction of these two industrially relevant antimicrobial agents by a food-grade organism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Horn
- Food Safety Science Division, BBSRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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Karakas Sen A, Narbad A, Horn N, Dodd HM, Parr AJ, Colquhoun I, Gasson MJ. Post-translational modification of nisin. The involvement of NisB in the dehydration process. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1999; 261:524-32. [PMID: 10215865 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lantibiotic nisin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis. As with all lantibiotics, nisin contains a number of dehydro-residues and thioether amino acids that introduce five lanthionine rings into the target peptide. These atypical amino acids are introduced by post-translational modification of a ribosomally synthesized precursor peptide. In certain cases, the serine residue, at position 33 of nisin, does not undergo dehydration to Dha33. With native nisin this partially processed form represents about 10% of the total peptide, whereas with the engineered variants, [Trp30]nisin A and [Lys27,Lys31]nisin A, the proportion of peptide that escapes full processing was found to be to approximately 50%. This feature of nisin biosynthesis was exploited in an investigation of the role of the NisB protein in pre-nisin maturation. Manipulation of the level of NisB was achieved by cloning and overexpressing the plasmid-encoded nisB gene in a range of different nisin-producing strains. The resulting fourfold increase in the level of NisB significantly increased the efficiency of the dehydration reaction at Ser33. The final secreted product of biosynthesis by these strains was the homogenous form of the fully processed nisin (or nisin variant) molecule. The results presented represent the first experimental evidence for the direct involvement of the NisB protein in the maturation process of nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karakas Sen
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, UK
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40
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Sahl HG, Bierbaum G. Lantibiotics: biosynthesis and biological activities of uniquely modified peptides from gram-positive bacteria. Annu Rev Microbiol 1999; 52:41-79. [PMID: 9891793 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.micro.52.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of novel gene-encoded antimicrobial peptides from animals, plants and bacteria has been described during the last decade. Many of the bacterial peptides possess modified building blocks such as thioethers and thiazoles or unsaturated and stereoinverted amino acids, which are unique among ribosomally made peptides. Genetic and biochemical studies of many of these peptides, mostly the so-called lantibiotics, have revealed the degree to which cells are capable of transforming peptides by posttranslational modification. The biosynthesis follows a general scheme: Precursor peptides are first modified and then proteolytically activated; the latter may occur prior to, concomitantly with or after export from the cell. The genes for the biosynthetic machinery are organized in clusters and include information for the antibiotic prepeptide, the modification enzymes and accessory functions such as dedicated proteases and ABC transporters as well as immunity factors and regulatory proteins. These fundamental aspects are discussed along with the biotechnological potential of the peptides and of the biosynthesis enzymes, which could be used for construction of novel, peptide-based biomedical effector molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Sahl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Universität Bonn, Germany.
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41
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Horn N, Martínez MI, Martínez JM, Hernández PE, Gasson MJ, Rodríguez JM, Dodd HM. Production of pediocin PA-1 by Lactococcus lactis using the lactococcin A secretory apparatus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:818-23. [PMID: 9501421 PMCID: PMC106332 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.3.818-823.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The class II bacteriocins pediocin PA-1, from Pediococcus acidilactici, and lactococcin A, from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis bv. diacetylactis WM4 have a number of features in common. They are produced as precursor peptides containing similar amino-terminal leader sequences with a conserved processing site (Gly-Gly at positions -1 and -2). Translocation of both bacteriocins occurs via a dedicated secretory system. Because of the strong antilisterial activity of pediocin PA-1, its production by lactic acid bacteria strains adapted to dairy environments would considerably extend its application in the dairy industry. In this study, the lactococcin A secretory system was adapted for the expression and secretion of pediocin PA-1. A vector containing an inframe fusion of sequences encoding the lcnA promoter, the lactococcin A leader, and the mature pediocin PA-1, was introduced into L. lactis IL1403. This strain is resistant to pediocin PA-1 and encodes a lactococcin translocation apparatus. The resulting L. lactis strains secreted a bacteriocin with an antimicrobial activity of approximately 25% of that displayed by the parental pediocin-producing P. acidilactici 347. A noncompetitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with pediocin PA-1-specific antibodies and amino-terminal amino acid sequencing confirmed that pediocin PA-1 was being produced by the heterologous host.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Horn
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research, Colney, Norwich, United Kingdom
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42
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Abstract
Bacteria producing bacteriocins have to be protected from being killed by themselves. This mechanism of self-protection or immunity is especially important if the bacteriocin does not need a specific receptor for its action, as is the case for the type A lantibiotics forming pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. At least two different systems of immunity have evolved in this group of bacteriocins containing modified amino acids as a result of posttranslational modification. The immunity mechanism of Pep5 in Staphylococcus epidermidis is based on inhibition of pore formation by a small 69-amino acid protein weakly associated with the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. In Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis the putative immunity lipoproteins NisI and SpaI, respectively, are also located at the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting that a similar mechanism might be utilized by the producers of nisin and subtilin. In addition an ABC-transport system consisting of two membrane proteins, (NisEG, SpaG and the hydrophobic domain of SpaF, and EpiEG) and a cytoplasmic protein (NisF, the cytoplasmic domain of SpaF, and EpiF) play a role in immunity of nisin, subtilin and epidermin by import, export or inhibition of pore formation by the membrane components of the transport systems. Almost nothing is known of the immunity determinants of newly described and other type of lantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Saris
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Finland
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43
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Kuipers OP, Bierbaum G, Ottenwälder B, Dodd HM, Horn N, Metzger J, Kupke T, Gnau V, Bongers R, van den Bogaard P, Kosters H, Rollema HS, de Vos WM, Siezen RJ, Jung G, Götz F, Sahl HG, Gasson MJ. Protein engineering of lantibiotics. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 1996; 69:161-69. [PMID: 8775976 DOI: 10.1007/bf00399421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Whereas protein engineering of enzymes and structural proteins nowadays is an established research tool for studying structure-function relationships of polypeptides and for improving their properties, the engineering of posttranslationally modified peptides, such as the lantibiotics, is just coming of age. The engineering of lantibiotics is less straightforward than that of unmodified proteins, since expression systems should be developed not only for the structural genes but also for the genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes, immunity protein and regulatory proteins. Moreover, correct posttranslational modification of specific residues could in many cases be a prerequisite for production and secretion of the active lantibiotic, which limits the number of successful mutations one can apply. This paper describes the development of expression systems for the structural lantibiotic genes for nisin A, nisin Z, gallidermin, epidermin and Pep5, and gives examples of recently produced site-directed mutants of these lantibiotics. Characterization of the mutants yielded valuable information on biosynthetic requirements for production. Moreover, regions in the lantibiotics were identified that are of crucial importance for antimicrobial activity. Eventually, this knowledge will lead to the rational design of lantibiotics optimally suited for fighting specific undesirable microorganisms. The mutants are of additional value for studies directed towards the elucidation of the mode of action of lantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Kuipers
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Dairy Research
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Dodd HM, Horn N, Giffard CJ, Gasson MJ. A gene replacement strategy for engineering nisin. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 1996; 142 ( Pt 1):47-55. [PMID: 8581169 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-142-1-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A lactococcal expression system was developed which allows the exclusive production of novel nisins encoded by mutated pre-nisin (nisA) genes. This system is based on a combination of a specifically constructed host strain and vectors which facilitate the genetic manipulation of the nisA gene. The wild-type chromosomal gene is effectively replaced with a variant nisA gene, by the technique of gene replacement. The recovery of full nisin immunity was employed as a means of directly selecting strains that had acquired an intact nisA gene by the gene replacement process. With this approach the other genes required for pre-nisin maturation are not affected and any alterations to DNA sequences are restricted to only those specific mutations introduced in the nisA gene. The effectiveness of the system was demonstrated by the expression of a number of variant nisA genes leading to the successful production and characterization of nisins containing the substitutions Dha5A, Dha33A, Dha5, 33A, H27K, 130W and K12L. The enhanced yields of these engineered nisin molecules, when compared to their production in a plasmid-complementation system, underlines the improvement offered by this gene replacement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Dodd
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | - Nikki Horn
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
| | | | - Michael J Gasson
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK
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Abstract
Expression vectors are described that make use of a plasmid-encoded nisA cassette encoding the peptide component of nisin. Specific mutations can readily be incorporated throughout the coding region of nisA. Using this vector in a nisA mutant host, three variant nisins, with dehydroalanine (Dha) residues changed to Ala residues, were generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Dodd
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, UK
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46
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Sahl HG, Jack RW, Bierbaum G. Biosynthesis and biological activities of lantibiotics with unique post-translational modifications. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 230:827-53. [PMID: 7601145 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are biologically active peptides which contain the thioether amino acid lanthionine as well as several other modified amino acids. They can be broadly divided into two groups on the basis of their structures: type-A lantibiotics are elongated, amphiphilic peptides, while type-B lantibiotics are compact and globular. In the last decade there has been a marked increase in research interest in these peptides due both to the novel biosynthetic mechanisms by which they are produced, as well as to their potential applications. Lantibiotics are synthesised on the ribosome as a prepeptide which undergoes several post-translational modification events, including dehydration of specific hydroxyl amino acids to form dehydroamino acids, addition of neighbouring sulfhydryl groups to form thioethers and, in specific cases, other modifications such as introduction of D-alanine residues from L-serine, formation of lysinoalanine bridges, formation of novel N-terminal blocking groups and oxidative decarboxylation of a C-terminal cysteine. The genetic elements responsible for these specific modification reactions encode unique enzymes with hitherto unknown reaction mechanisms. Production of these peptides also requires accessory proteins including processing proteases, translocators of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family, regulatory proteins and dedicated producer self-protection mechanisms. While the principle biological activity of most type-B lantibiotics appears to be directed at the inhibition of enzyme functions, the type-A lantibiotics kill bacterial cells by forming pores in the cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Sahl
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie, Universität Bonn, Germany
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47
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Stringer SC, Dodd CE, Morgan MR, Waites WM. Locating nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis in a fermented meat system. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1995; 78:341-8. [PMID: 7744718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-linked probes were used to locate nisin in a fermented meat system. Free nisin or nisin bound to susceptible cells or food components was not detected. Colonies of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis were stained at all times during growth. The position of nisin-producing L. lactis colonies was noted and compared with the location of spoilage organisms or the distribution of areas with a fermented meat appearance. No relationship between the distribution of starter culture and the location of spoilage organisms or areas of fermentation was observed. In addition to the presence of L. lactis, a rapidly fermentable sugar was also required to obtain a fermented appearance and to reduce the levels of spoilage organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Stringer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, Leicestershire
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48
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Vaughan EE, de Vos WM. Identification and characterization of the insertion element IS1070 from Leuconostoc lactis NZ6009. Gene 1995; 155:95-100. [PMID: 7698675 DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)00921-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel insertion sequence, designated IS1070, was identified on the lactose plasmid of Leuconostoc lactis NZ6009 by nucleotide sequence analysis. The 1027-bp sequence contains partially matched (24 of 28 bp) inverted repeats and has one long open reading frame. The deduced 305-amino-acid sequence demonstrated homology to transposases of IS30 from Escherichia coli, IS4351 from Bacteroides fragilis, IS1086 from Alcaligenes eutrophus, IS1161 from Streptococcus salivarius, ISAS2 from Aeromonas salmonicida and a putative protein encoded by ORF3 of virus SpV1-R8A2 B from Spiroplasma citri. At least fifteen IS1070-like sequences were detected in the genome of the parent Lc. lactis strain and five of these were situated on plasmids. Analysis of the direct repeats of two of these copies with that of IS1070 revealed differences in the target duplication lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Vaughan
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Dairy Research (NIZO), Ede
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49
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Rodríguez JM, Cintas LM, Casaus P, Horn N, Dodd HM, Hernández PE, Gasson MJ. Isolation of nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains from dry fermented sausages. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1995; 78:109-15. [PMID: 7698947 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb02830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A total of 4608 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from 24 Spanish fermented sausages and screened for bacteriocin production. Two strains, BB24 and G18, produced bacteriocins that inhibited a broad spectrum of Gram-positive bacteria. BB24 and G18 were tentatively identified as Lactococcus lactis by carbohydrate fermentation patterns and other biochemical characteristics. The characterization of their bacteriocins suggested that both could be the well-known lantibiotic nisin. This was confirmed by PCR analysis of their genomic DNA. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that they produced nisin A. The fact that BB24 and G18 were isolated from sausages produced in two different regions of Spain suggests that nisin-producing L. lactis strains may be more widespread in meat products than previously thought. Nisin produced by L. lactis BB24 has been purified to homogeneity by a procedure that included ammonium sulphate precipitation and cation-exchange, hydrophobic-interaction and reverse-phase chromatography. The purification procedure was simple, rapid and reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Rodríguez
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatologia III, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Protein engineering and biosynthesis of nisin and regulation of transcription of the structural nisA gene. Int Dairy J 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0958-6946(95)00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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