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Dorai APS, Umina PA, Chirgwin E, Yang Q, Gu X, Thia J, Hoffmann A. Novel transinfections of Rickettsiella do not affect insecticide tolerance in Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi, or Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:1377-1384. [PMID: 38935037 PMCID: PMC11318624 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are economically important crop pests worldwide. Because of growing issues with insecticide resistance and environmental contamination by insecticides, alternate methods are being explored to provide aphid control. Aphids contain endosymbiotic bacteria that affect host fitness and could be targeted as potential biocontrol agents, but such novel strategies should not impact the effectiveness of traditional chemical control. In this work, we used a novel endosymbiont transinfection to examine the impact of the endosymbiont Rickettsiella viridis on chemical tolerance in 3 important agricultural pest species of aphid: Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko ex Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We tested tolerance to the commonly used insecticides alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, and pirimicarb using a leaf-dip bioassay. We found no observed effect of this novel endosymbiont transinfection on chemical tolerance, suggesting that the strain of Rickettsiella tested here could be used as a biocontrol agent without affecting sensitivity to insecticides. This may allow Rickettsiella transinfections to be used in combination with chemical applications for pest control. The impacts of other endosymbionts on insecticide tolerance should be considered, along with tests on multiple aphid clones with different inherent levels of chemical tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashritha Prithiv Sivaji Dorai
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Umina
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC 3056, Australia
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xinyue Gu
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joshua Thia
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Ebsa G, Gizaw B, Admassie M, Desalegn A, Alemu T. Screening, characterization and optimization of potential dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) degrading fungi. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33289. [PMID: 39022069 PMCID: PMC11253139 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane is an organo-chlorine insecticide used for malaria and agricultural pest control, but it is the most persistent pollutant, endangering both human and environmental health. The primary aim of the research is to screen, characterize, and assess putative fungi that degrade DDT for mycoremediation. Samples of soil and wastewater were gathered from Addis Ababa, Koka, and Ziway. Fungi were isolated and purified using potato dextrose media. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption, Ionization, and Flight Duration The technique of mass spectrometry was employed to identify fungi. It was found that the finally selected isolate, AS1, was Aspergillus niger. Based on growth factor optimization at DDT concentrations (0, 3500, and 7000 ppm), temperatures (25, 30, and 35 °C), and pH levels (4, 7, and 10), the potential DDT-tolerant fungal isolates were investigated. A Box-Behnken experimental design was used to analyze and optimize fungal biomass and sporulation. The highest biomass (0.981 ± 0.22 g) and spore count (5.60 ± 0.32 log/mL) of A. niger were found through optimization assessment, and this fungus was chosen as a potential DDT-degrader. For DDT degradation investigations by A. niger in DDT-amended liquid media, gas chromatograph-electron capture detector technology was employed. DDT and its main metabolites, DDE and DDD, were eliminated from both media to the tune of 96-99 % at initial DDT concentrations of 1750, 3500, 5250, and 7000 ppm. In conclusion, it is a promising candidate for detoxifying and/or removing DDT and its breakdown products from contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Ebsa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Gizaw
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesele Admassie
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asnake Desalegn
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Alemu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Barr KJ, Panuwet P, Saikawa E. The effect of farming techniques on degradation of DDT in historical cotton farms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 351:123961. [PMID: 38614425 PMCID: PMC11168900 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
DDT was used in the mid 20th century for crop and livestock production. After use, DDT and its degradates DDE and DDD (collectively DDX) remain in the environment for decades. A few studies have reported that the rate of degradation of DDT into its metabolites is affected by various farming techniques like tillage, irrigation, and use of fertilizers. However, most of these studies did not evaluate active farms, and none of them focused on the Southeast US or historical cotton farms. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine if different farming techniques affect the decomposition of DDT in Walton County, Georgia, where farms historically grew cotton. Five Walton County farms were sampled for soil, and churches were sampled as control sites. The extensive land history of the farms was recorded, and the soil levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, and o,p'-DDE were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. All farm sites had detectable levels of p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD, while few sites had detectable levels of o,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDE. Tillage was found to speed up p,p'-DDE degradation, but there was no effect on p,p'-DDT degradation. Plowing was associated with an increase in decomposition of p,p'-DDT, but p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD were not significantly increased. The largest difference in the degradation of DDT was based on the fertilizer type. Natural fertilizer sped up degradation of p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE; synthetic fertilizer increased p,p'-DDE degradation, but not p,p'-DDT degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Barr
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Laboratory of Exposure Assessment and Development in Environmental Health Research, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eri Saikawa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Ebsa G, Gizaw B, Admassie M, Degu T, Alemu T. The role and mechanisms of microbes in dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its residues bioremediation. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 42:e00835. [PMID: 38560709 PMCID: PMC10972831 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2024.e00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contamination with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) has sever effects on the ecosystem worldwide. DDT is a recalcitrant synthetic chemical with high toxicity and lipophilicity. It is also bioaccumulated in the food chain and causes genotoxic, estrogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Microbial remediation mechanism and its enzymes are very important for removing DDT from environment. DDT and its main residues dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) can biodegrade slowly in soil and water. To enhance this process, a number of strategies are proposed, such as bio-attenuation, biostimulation, bioaugmentation and the manipulation of environmental conditions to enhance the activity of microbial enzymes. The addition of organic matter and flooding of the soil enhance DDT degradation. Microbial candidates for DDT remediation include micro-algae, fungi and bacteria. This review provide brief information and recommendation on microbial DDT remediation and its mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Ebsa
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Gizaw
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesele Admassie
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tizazu Degu
- Department of Crop Protection, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P. O. Box: 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Alemu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box: 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Yusuf Habibullah KO, Ito R, Stari L, Kishida K, Ohtsubo Y, Masai E, Fukuda M, Miyauchi K, Nagata Y. Degradation of DDT by γ-hexachlorocyclohexane dehydrochlorinase LinA. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 88:123-130. [PMID: 37796901 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) is the first synthetic insecticide and one of the most widely used pesticides. The use of DDT has been banned, but it remains one of the most notorious environmental pollutants around the world. In this study, we found that γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) dehydrochlorinase LinA from a γ-HCH-degrading bacterium, Sphingobium japonicum UT26, converts DDT to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE). Because of the weak DDT degradation activity of LinA, we could not detect such activity in UT26 cells expressing LinA constitutively. However, the linA-deletion mutant of UT26 harboring a plasmid for the expression of LinA, in which LinA was expressed at a higher level than UT26, showed the DDT degradation activity. This outcome highlights the potential for constructing DDT-degrading sphingomonad cells through elevated LinA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ren Ito
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Leonardo Stari
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kishida
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ohtsubo
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Masai
- Department of Materials Science and Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masao Fukuda
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyauchi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Gakuin University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Nagata
- Department of Molecular and Chemical Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Lai Y, Chi K, Zhou W, Hsu Y, Weng Y. Detection of organochlorine pesticides in estuarine sediments of protected wetlands in Taiwan using high‐resolution gas chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐electron capture detector. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Parvulescu VI, Epron F, Garcia H, Granger P. Recent Progress and Prospects in Catalytic Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2021; 122:2981-3121. [PMID: 34874709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Presently, conventional technologies in water treatment are not efficient enough to completely mineralize refractory water contaminants. In this context, the implementation of catalytic processes could be an alternative. Despite the advantages provided in terms of kinetics of transformation, selectivity, and energy saving, numerous attempts have not yet led to implementation at an industrial scale. This review examines investigations at different scales for which controversies and limitations must be solved to bridge the gap between fundamentals and practical developments. Particular attention has been paid to the development of solar-driven catalytic technologies and some other emerging processes, such as microwave assisted catalysis, plasma-catalytic processes, or biocatalytic remediation, taking into account their specific advantages and the drawbacks. Challenges for which a better understanding related to the complexity of the systems and the coexistence of various solid-liquid-gas interfaces have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasile I Parvulescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, University of Bucharest, B-dul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, Bucharest 030016, Romania
| | - Florence Epron
- Université de Poitiers, CNRS UMR 7285, Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), 4 rue Michel Brunet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Hermenegildo Garcia
- Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universitat Politencia de Valencia, Av. de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascal Granger
- CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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8
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Biodiversity of pesticides degrading microbial communities and their environmental impact. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Blanton AG, Peterson BF. Symbiont-Mediated Insecticide Detoxification as an Emerging Problem in Insect Pests. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:547108. [PMID: 33101225 PMCID: PMC7554331 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.547108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide use is prevalent with applications from the backyard gardener to large-scale agriculture and combatting pests in homes and industrial settings. Alongside the need to control unwanted pests comes the selective pressure generated by sustained pesticide use has become a concern leading to environmental contamination, pest resistance, and, thus, reduced pesticide efficacy. Despite efforts to improve the environmental impact and reduce off-target effects, chemical pesticides are relied on and control failures are costly. Though pesticide resistance mechanisms vary, one pattern that has recently emerged is symbiont-mediated detoxification within insect pests. The localization within the insect host, the identity of the symbiotic partner, and the stability of the associations across different systems vary. The diversity of insects and ecological settings linked to this phenomenon are broad. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent trend of insecticide detoxification modulated by symbiotic associations between bacteria and insects, as well as highlight the implications for pesticide development, pest management strategies, and pesticide bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison G Blanton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
| | - Brittany F Peterson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, United States
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Krohn C, Jin J, Ryan J, Fabijański P, Franks AE, Tang C. Composition of soil organic matter drives total loss of dieldrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in high-value pastures over thirty years. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:135-145. [PMID: 31319251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The residues of dieldrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), internationally-banned agricultural insecticides, continue to exceed government guidelines in some surface soils 30 years after use. Little is known regarding the soil factors and microbial community dynamics associated with the in-situ biodegradation of these organochlorine chemicals. We hypothesised that soil organic matter, a key factor affecting microbial biomass and diversity, affects the biodegradation and total loss of the pollutants 30 years after use. We sampled 12 contaminated paddocks with residue concentrations monitoring data since 1988 that represent two different agricultural surface-soils. The total loss and current concentrations of the residues was correlated with soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass carbon, microbial community diversity indices and microbial community abundance. Current dieldrin and DDT residue concentrations were positively correlated with soil organic matter and clay contents. However, key indicators for loss of residues after 23-30 years were low carbon-to‑nitrogen ratios, high microbial-C-to-total-C ratios and high fungal community evenness. The results support the composition of soil organic matter as an important factor affecting degradation of organochlorines and that co-metabolism of dieldrin and DDT could be enhanced by manipulating the composition of soil organic matter to cater for a broad diversity of microbial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Krohn
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
| | - John Ryan
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Wangaratta, Vic 3677, Australia
| | - Piotr Fabijański
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, Vic 3821, Australia
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia.
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Nayak SK, Dash B, Baliyarsingh B. Microbial Remediation of Persistent Agro-chemicals by Soil Bacteria: An Overview. Microb Biotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-7140-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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12
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Wang B, Wang Q, Liu W, Liu X, Hou J, Teng Y, Luo Y, Christie P. Biosurfactant-producing microorganism Pseudomonas sp. SB assists the phytoremediation of DDT-contaminated soil by two grass species. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:137-142. [PMID: 28494357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation together with microorganisms may confer the advantages of both phytoremediation and microbial remediation of soils containing organic contaminants. In this system biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas sp. SB may effectively help to increase the bioavailability of organic pollutants and thereby enhance their microbial degradation in soil. Plants may enhance the rhizosphere environment for microorganisms and thus promote the bioremediation of contaminants. In the present pot experiment study, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) residues underwent an apparent decline after soil bioremediation compared with the original soil. The removal efficiency of fertilizer + tall fescue, fertilizer + tall fescue + Pseudomonas, fertilizer + perennial ryegrass, and fertilizer + perennial ryegrass + Pseudomonas treatments were 59.4, 65.6, 69.0, and 65.9%, respectively, and were generally higher than that in the fertilizer control (40.3%). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) verifies that plant species greatly affected the soil bacterial community irrespective of inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. SB. Furthermore, community composition analysis shows that Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the three dominant phyla in all groups. In particular, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas for fertilizer + tall fescue + Pseudomonas (0.25%) was significantly greater than fertilizer + tall fescue and this was related to the DDT removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wuxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Wang B, Liu W, Liu X, Franks AE, Teng Y, Luo Y. Comparative analysis of microbial communities during enrichment and isolation of DDT-degrading bacteria by culture-dependent and -independent methods. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 590-591:297-303. [PMID: 28274604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcosms for enrichment of DDT degrading microorganisms were monitored using culture-dependent and -independent methods. Culture dependent methods isolated several strains with DDT degradation potential, Pseudomonas species being the most frequent. One isolate, Streptomyces sp. strain D3, had a degradation rate of 77% with 20mgL-1 of DDT after 7days incubation, D3 also had degradation rates of 75% and 30% for PCB77 (3,3',4,4'-tetrachloro biphenyl) and PCNB (pentachloronitrobenzene) respectively. Culture-independent high-throughput sequencing identified a different subset of the microbial community within the enrichment microcosms to the culture dependent method. Pseudomonas, the most frequently isolated strain, only represented the 12th most abundant operational taxonomic unit in the sequencing dataset (relative abundance 0.9%). The most frequently observed bacterial genus in the culture-independent analysis did not correspond with those recovered by culture-dependent methods. These results suggested that deep sequencing followed by a targeted isolation approach might provide an advantageous route to bioremediation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wuxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
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Velasco A, Aburto-Medina A, Shahsavari E, Revah S, Ortiz I. Degradation mechanisms of DDX induced by the addition of toluene and glycerol as cosubstrates in a zero-valent iron pretreated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 321:681-689. [PMID: 27694047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic processes can be used to remediate DDX (DDT, DDD, DDE, and DDNS) contaminated soils; these processes can be fostered using specific carbon-amendments to stimulate particular soil indigenous microbial communities to improve rates or extent of degradation. In this study, toluene and glycerol were evaluated as cosubstrates under aerobic and anoxic conditions to determine the degradation efficiencies of DDX and to elucidate possible degradation mechanisms. Slurry microcosms experiments were performed during 60 days using pretreated soil with zero-valent iron (ZVI). Toluene addition enhanced the percentage of degradation of DDX. DDNS was the main compound degraded (around 86%) under aerobic conditions, suggesting cometabolic degradation of DDX by toluene-degrading soil bacteria. Glycerol addition under anoxic conditions favored the abiotic degradation of DDX mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria activity, where DDT was the main compound degraded (around 90%). The 16S rDNA metagenomic analyses revealed Rhodococcus ruber and Desulfosporosinus auripigmenti as the predominant bacterial species after 40 days of treatment with toluene and glycerol additions, respectively. This study provides evidence of biotic and abiotic DDX degradation by the addition of toluene and glycerol as cosubstrates in ZVI pretreated DDX-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Velasco
- Posgrado en Ciencias Naturales e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Aburto-Medina
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia; Departamento de Biotecnología, Escuela de Ingeniería, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), Vía Atlixcáyotl No. 2301, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, San Andrés Cholula, 72800, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Esmaeil Shahsavari
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation, School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Sergio Revah
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Irmene Ortiz
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Cuajimalpa (UAM-C), Av. Vasco de Quiroga 4871, Col. Santa Fe, Delegación Cuajimalpa de Morelos, 05348, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Satpathy R, Konkimalla VB, Ratha J. Microbial dehalogenation: 3-chloropropanoic acid (3-CPA) degradation as a case study. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716060175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Grewal J, Bhattacharya A, Kumar S, Singh DK, Khare SK. Biodegradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) by using Serratia marcescens NCIM 2919. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2016; 51:809-816. [PMID: 27494385 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2016.1208455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A solvent tolerant bacterium Serratia marcescens NCIM 2919 has been evaluated for degradation of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane). The bacterium was able to degrade up to 42% of initial 50 mg L-1 of DDT within 10 days of incubation. The highlight of the work was the elucidation of DDT degradation pathway in S. marcescens. A total of four intermediates metabolites viz. 2,2-bis (chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (DDD), 2,2-bis (chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE), 2,2-bis (chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene (DDMU), and 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4-CBA) were identified by GC-Mass and FTIR. 4-CBA was found to be the stable product of DDT degradation. Metabolites preceding 4-CBA were not toxic to strain as reveled through luxuriant growth in presence of varying concentrations of exogenous DDD and DDE. However, 4-CBA was observed to inhibit the growth of bacterium. The DDT degrading efficiency of S. marcescens NCIM 2919 hence could be used in combination with 4-CBA utilizing strains either as binary culture or consortia for mineralization of DDT. Application of S. marcescens NCIM 2919 to DDT contaminated soil, showed 74.7% reduction of initial 12.0 mg kg-1 of DDT after 18-days of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasneet Grewal
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Amrik Bhattacharya
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Sumit Kumar
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Dileep K Singh
- b Department of Zoology , University of Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Sunil K Khare
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory , Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Delhi , New Delhi , India
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Mansouri A, Cregut M, Abbes C, Durand MJ, Landoulsi A, Thouand G. The Environmental Issues of DDT Pollution and Bioremediation: a Multidisciplinary Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:309-339. [PMID: 27591882 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane) is probably the best known and most useful organochlorine insecticide in the world which was used since 1945 for agricultural purposes and also for vector-borne disease control such as malaria since 1955, until its banishment in most countries by the Stockholm convention for ecologic considerations. However, the World Health Organization allowed its reintroduction only for control of vector-borne diseases in some tropical countries in 2006. Due to its physicochemical properties and specially its persistence related with a half-life up to 30 years, DDT linked to several health and social problems which are due to its accumulation in the environment and its biomagnification properties in living organisms. This manuscript compiles a multidisciplinary review to evaluate primarily (i) the worldwide contamination of DDT and (ii) its (eco) toxicological impact onto living organisms. Secondly, several ways for DDT bioremediation from contaminated environment are discussed. For this, reports on DDT biodegradation capabilities by microorganisms and ways to enhance bioremediation strategies to remove DDT are presented. The different existing strategies for DDT bioremediation are evaluated with their efficiencies and limitations to struggle efficiently this contaminant. Finally, rising new approaches and technological bottlenecks to promote DDT bioremediation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Mansouri
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France.,Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Mickael Cregut
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Chiraz Abbes
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Marie-Jose Durand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Ahmed Landoulsi
- Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Carthage, Zarzouna, 7021, Tunisia
| | - Gerald Thouand
- University of Nantes, UMR CNRS 6144 GEPEA, CBAC group, 18 Bvd Gaston Defferre, 85000, La Roche sur Yon, France.
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Chakraborty J, Das S. Molecular perspectives and recent advances in microbial remediation of persistent organic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:16883-16903. [PMID: 27234838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition and pollution stress stimulate genetic adaptation in microorganisms and assist in evolution of diverse metabolic pathways for their survival on several complex organic compounds. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are highly lipophilic in nature and cause adverse effects to the environment and human health by biomagnification through the food chain. Diverse microorganisms, harboring numerous plasmids and catabolic genes, acclimatize to these environmentally unfavorable conditions by gene duplication, mutational drift, hypermutation, and recombination. Genetic aspects of some major POP catabolic genes such as biphenyl dioxygenase (bph), DDT 2,3-dioxygenase, and angular dioxygenase assist in degradation of biphenyl, organochlorine pesticides, and dioxins/furans, respectively. Microbial metagenome constitutes the largest genetic reservoir with miscellaneous enzymatic activities implicated in degradation. To tap the metabolic potential of microorganisms, recent techniques like sequence and function-based screening and substrate-induced gene expression are proficient in tracing out novel catabolic genes from the entire metagenome for utilization in enhanced biodegradation. The major endeavor of today's scientific world is to characterize the exact genetic mechanisms of microbes for bioremediation of these toxic compounds by excavating into the uncultured plethora. This review entails the effect of POPs on the environment and involvement of microbial catabolic genes for their removal with the advanced techniques of bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
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Sphingomonas taxi, Isolated from Cucurbita pepo, Proves to Be a DDE-Degrading and Plant Growth-Promoting Strain. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00489-15. [PMID: 25977415 PMCID: PMC4432355 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00489-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The draft genome of Sphingomonas taxi, a strain of the Sphingomonadaceae isolated from Cucurbita pepo root tissue, is presented. This Gram-negative bacterium shows 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE)-degrading potential and plant growth-promoting capacities. An analysis of its 3.9-Mb draft genome will enhance the understanding of DDE-degradation pathways and phytoremediation applications for DDE-contaminated soils.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Methylobacterium radiotolerans, a DDE-Degrading and Plant Growth-Promoting Strain Isolated from Cucurbita pepo. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/3/e00488-15. [PMID: 25977414 PMCID: PMC4432354 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00488-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
We announce the draft genome of Methylobacterium radiotolerans, a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from Cucurbita pepo roots. This strain shows 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE)-degrading potential and plant growth-promoting capacities. Analyses of its 6.8-Mb genome will improve our understanding of DDE-degradation pathways and aid in the deployment of phytoremediation technologies to remediate DDE-contaminated soils.
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Draft Genome Sequence of Enterobacter aerogenes, a DDE-Degrading and Plant Growth-Promoting Strain Isolated from Cucurbita pepo. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/2/e00317-15. [PMID: 25883299 PMCID: PMC4400442 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00317-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We report here the draft genome of Enterobacter aerogenes, a Gram-negative bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Cucurbita pepo root tissue. This bacterium shows 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (DDE)-degrading potential and plant growth-promoting capacity. An analysis of its 4.5-Mb draft genome will enhance the understanding of DDE degradation pathways and phytoremediation applications for DDE-contaminated soils.
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Betancur-Corredor B, Pino NJ, Cardona S, Peñuela GA. Evaluation of biostimulation and Tween 80 addition for the bioremediation of long-term DDT-contaminated soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2015; 28:101-109. [PMID: 25662244 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The bioremediation of a long-term contaminated soil through biostimulation and surfactant addition was evaluated. The concentrations of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) and its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) were monitored during an 8-week remediation process. Physicochemical characterization of the treated soil was performed before and after the bioremediation process. The isolation and identification of predominant microorganisms during the remediation process were also carried out. The efficiency of detoxification was evaluated after each bioremediation protocol. Humidity and pH and the heterotrophic microorganism count were monitored weekly. The DDT concentration was reduced by 79% after 8 weeks via biostimulation with surfactant addition (B+S) and 94.3% via biostimulation alone (B). Likewise, the concentrations of the metabolites DDE and DDD were reduced to levels below the quantification limits. The microorganisms isolated during bioremediation were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Flavobacterium sp., Cuprivadius sp., Variovorax soli, Phenylobacterium sp. and Lysobacter sp., among others. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed visualization of the colonization patterns of soil particles. The toxicity of the soil before and after bioremediation was evaluated using Vibrio fischeri as a bioluminescent sensor. A decrease in the toxic potential of the soil was verified by the increase of the concentration/effect relationship EC50 to 26.9% and 27.2% for B+S and B, respectively, compared to 0.4% obtained for the soil before treatment and 2.5% by natural attenuation after 8 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Betancur-Corredor
- GDCON Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Headquarters (SIU), University of Antioquia, Street 70# 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; School of Geosciences and Environment, Faculty of Mines, National University of Colombia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Nancy J Pino
- School of Microbiology, University of Antioquia, Street 70# 52-21, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Santiago Cardona
- School of Geosciences and Environment, Faculty of Mines, National University of Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gustavo A Peñuela
- GDCON Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University Research Headquarters (SIU), University of Antioquia, Street 70# 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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Kuba J, Tomza-Marciniak A, Pilarczyk B, Tarasewicz N, Pilarczyk R, Ligocki M. Comparison of DDT and its metabolites concentrations in cow milk from agricultural and industrial areas. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:1-7. [PMID: 25421622 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.964128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The risk of pesticidal intoxication in humans is severe, especially because of the strongly negative impact on human health. The consequences of the exposure to these substances may include cancerogenesis or endocrine abnormalities resulting for example in decreased fertility. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the content of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites in cow milk from two regions of Poland, varying by level of industrialization. Samples were collected from agricultural (n = 25) and industrial (n = 25) areas, and the concentrations of DDT and its metabolites were evaluated by gas chromatography. Residues of DDT were detected in all the milk samples tested, mostly in the samples from the agricultural area, where a total DDT median concentration reached 0.336 μg L(-1). In the milk samples from the industrial area, the median concentration was lower, at 0.131 μg L(-1). 4,4'-DDT was the main metabolite, constituting 83% of total DDT metabolites. Although none of the samples exceeded the level above which they should be considered dangerous, the results showed that the problem of DDT had not diminished and so should be constantly monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Kuba
- a Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene , West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
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Bajaj A, Mayilraj S, Mudiam MKR, Patel DK, Manickam N. Isolation and functional analysis of a glycolipid producing Rhodococcus sp. strain IITR03 with potential for degradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:398-406. [PMID: 25000395 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) degrading bacterium strain IITR03 producing trehalolipid was isolated and characterized from a pesticides contaminated soil. The strain IITR03 was identified as a member of the genus Rhodococcus based on polyphasic studies. Under aqueous culture conditions, the strain IITR03 degraded 282 μM of DDT and could also utilize 10mM concentration each of 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 3-chlorobenzoic acid and benzoic acid as sole carbon and energy source. The catechol 1,2-dioxygenase enzyme activity resulted in conversion of catechol to form cis,cis-muconic acid. Cloning and sequencing of partial nucleotide sequence of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene (cat) from strain IITR03 revealed its similarity to catA gene present in Rhodococcus sp. strain Lin-2 (97% identity) and Rhodococcus strain AN22 (96% identity) degrading benzoate and aniline, respectively. The results suggest that the strain IITR03 could be useful for field bioremediation studies of DDT-residues and chlorinated aromatic compounds present in contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Bajaj
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Shanmugam Mayilraj
- MTCC-Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene Bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Devendra Kumar Patel
- Analytical Chemistry Section, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Singh SP, Bose P, Guha S, Gurjar SK, Bhalekar S. Impact of addition of amendments on the degradation of DDT and its residues partitioned on soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 92:811-820. [PMID: 23706893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Market-grade DDT used for mosquito control and other purposes is a mixture of 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDT and smaller amounts of 4,4-DDD, 2,4-DDD, 4,4-DDE and 4,4-DDMU. All above components (together known as DDTr) are strongly hydrophobic and hence are present in the environment predominantly in the soil/sediment phases. The persistence of DDTr and the feasibility of attenuation of DDTr concentration in soil matrix through addition of amendments is a subject of ongoing interest. The objective of this study was to compare the decline of soil-partitioned DDTr concentration through, (1) the natural attenuation process, (2) enhanced aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation processes involving addition of acclimatized seed and co-metabolites and (3) Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron (NZVI) addition. The extent of decline in soil DDTr concentration in control experiments, where biodegradation and photolysis were excluded, was around 10-15% in ∼100d. Extent of DDTr decline in natural attenuation experiments was 25-30% and 15-20% under aerobic and anaerobic conditions respectively. In enhanced biodegradation experiments, addition of acclimatized seed and/or co-metabolites did not enhance the extent of DDTr attenuation over and above the natural attenuation rates both in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. It thus appeared that biodegradation of DDTr adsorbed on soil was severely limited and controlled by desorption and consequent bioavailability of DDTr in the aqueous phase. In case of NZVI addition, the rate of DDTr degradation was much faster, with 40% decrease in DDTr concentration within 28h of NZVI addition. Here, the faster DDTr degradation may be through direct electron transfer between NZVI particles and DDTr molecules adsorbed on soil. Increase in the concentration of 4,4-DDD and 2,4-DDD during NZVI addition suggest that these compounds are either intermediate or end products of DDT degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Engineering and Management Programme, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016, India
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Has the bacterial biphenyl catabolic pathway evolved primarily to degrade biphenyl? The diphenylmethane case. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:3563-74. [PMID: 23749969 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00161-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have compared the ability of Pandoraea pnomenusa B356 and of Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 to metabolize diphenylmethane and benzophenone, two biphenyl analogs in which the phenyl rings are bonded to a single carbon. Both chemicals are of environmental concern. P. pnomenusa B356 grew well on diphenylmethane. On the basis of growth kinetics analyses, diphenylmethane and biphenyl were shown to induce the same catabolic pathway. The profile of metabolites produced during growth of strain B356 on diphenylmethane was the same as the one produced by isolated enzymes of the biphenyl catabolic pathway acting individually or in coupled reactions. The biphenyl dioxygenase oxidizes diphenylmethane to 3-benzylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol very efficiently, and ultimately this metabolite is transformed to phenylacetic acid, which is further metabolized by a lower pathway. Strain B356 was also able to cometabolize benzophenone through its biphenyl pathway, although in this case, this substrate was unable to induce the biphenyl catabolic pathway and the degradation was incomplete, with accumulation of 2-hydroxy-6,7-dioxo-7-phenylheptanoic acid. Unlike strain B356, B. xenovorans LB400 did not grow on diphenylmethane. Its biphenyl pathway enzymes metabolized diphenylmethane, but they poorly metabolize benzophenone. The fact that the biphenyl catabolic pathway of strain B356 metabolized diphenylmethane and benzophenone more efficiently than that of strain LB400 brings us to postulate that in strain B356, this pathway evolved divergently to serve other functions not related to biphenyl degradation.
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Lew S, Lew M, Biedunkiewicz A, Szarek J. Impact of pesticide contamination on aquatic microorganism populations in the littoral zone. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 64:399-409. [PMID: 23229198 PMCID: PMC3602639 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-012-9852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pesticide contamination of the littoral zone on the population of bacteria and fungi was analyzed using the example of a eutrophic water reservoir exposed for >30 years to the influence of expired crop-protection chemicals, mainly DDT. For three consecutive years, quantity analyses of bacteria and fungi were conducted and the composition of the microorganism population analyzed against seasonal dynamics. Mold and yeast-like fungi were also isolated and identified. Within the Bacteria domain, in addition to the large groups of microorganisms (Alphaprotobacteria, Betaprobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium), the analysis also involved the presence of bacteria predisposed to degraded pesticides in natural environments: Pseudomonas spp. and Alcaligenes spp. The quantity dynamics of aquatic microorganisms indicated that bacteria and fungi under the influence of long-term exposure to DDT can adapt to the presence of this pesticide in water. No modifying effect of DDT was observed on the quantity of microorganisms or the pattern of seasonal relationships in the eutrophic lake. Changes were shown in the percentage share of large groups of bacteria in the community of microorganisms as was an effect of contamination on the species diversity of fungi. The data show the effectiveness of aquatic microorganism-community analyses as a tool for indicating changes in the water environment caused by pesticide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lew
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Chen M, Cao F, Li F, Liu C, Tong H, Wu W, Hu M. Anaerobic transformation of DDT related to iron(III) reduction and microbial community structure in paddy soils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:2224-2233. [PMID: 23402620 DOI: 10.1021/jf305029p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We studied the mechanisms of microbial transformation in functional bacteria on 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) in two different field soils, Haiyan (HY) and Chenghai (CH). The results showed that microbial activities had a steady dechlorination effect on DDT and its metabolites (DDx). Adding lactate or glucose as carbon sources increased the amount of Desulfuromonas, Sedimentibacter, and Clostridium bacteria, which led to an increase in adsorbed Fe(II) and resulted in increased DDT transformation rates. The electron shuttle of anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic disodium salt resulted in an increase in the negative potential of soil by mediating the electron transfer from the bacteria to the DDT. Moreover, the DDT-degrading bacteria in the CH soil were more abundant than those in the HY soil, which led to higher DDT transformation rates in the CH soil. The most stable compound of DDx was 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chloro-phenyl)ethane, which also was the major dechlorination metabolite of DDT, and 1-chloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane and 4,4'-dichlorobenzo-phenone were found to be the terminal metabolites in the anaerobic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjia Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences , Guangzhou 510650, P.R. China
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Cao F, Liu TX, Wu CY, Li FB, Li XM, Yu HY, Tong H, Chen MJ. Enhanced biotransformation of DDTs by an iron- and humic-reducing bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila HS01 upon addition of goethite and anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonic disodium salt (AQDS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11238-11244. [PMID: 23095105 DOI: 10.1021/jf303610w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A fermentative facultative anaerobe, strain HS01 isolated from subterranean sediment, was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The biotransformation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDD), and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDE) by HS01 was investigated in the presence of goethite and anthraquinone-2,6-disulphonic disodium salt (AQDS). The results demonstrated that HS01 was capable of reducing DDTs, goethite and AQDS. And goethite can significantly enhance the reduction of DDT, DDD and DDE to some extent, while the addition of AQDS can further accelerate the reduction of Fe(III) and DDTs. The products of DDT transformation were identified as a large amount of dominant DDD, and small amounts of 1-chloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDMU), unsym-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDNU), and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP). The results of cyclic voltammetry suggested that AQDS could increase the amounts of reactive biogenic Fe(II), resulting in the enhanced transformation of DDTs. This investigation gives some new insight in the fate of DDTs related to iron- and humic-reducing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Zhu ZQ, Yang XE, Wang K, Huang HG, Zhang X, Fang H, Li TQ, Alva AK, He ZL. Bioremediation of Cd-DDT co-contaminated soil using the Cd-hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii and DDT-degrading microbes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 235-236:144-151. [PMID: 22868749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of an integrated strategy for the remediation of soil co-contaminated by heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants is a major research priority for the decontamination of soil slated for use in agricultural production. The objective of this study was to develop a bioremediation strategy for fields co-contaminated with cadmium (Cd), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and its metabolites 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) and 1, 1-dichloro-2, 2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) (DDT, DDE, and DDD are collectively called DDs) using an identified Cd-hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii (SA) and DDT-degrading microbes (DDT-1). Initially, inoculation with DDT-1 was shown to increase SA root biomass in a pot experiment. When SA was applied together with DDT-1, the levels of Cd and DDs in the co-contaminated soil decreased by 32.1-40.3% and 33.9-37.6%, respectively, in a pot experiment over 18 months compared to 3.25% and 3.76% decreases in soil Cd and DDs, respectively, in unplanted, untreated controls. A subsequent field study (18-month duration) in which the levels of Cd and DDs decreased by 31.1% and 53.6%, respectively, confirmed the beneficial results of this approach. This study demonstrates that the integrated bioremediation strategy is effective for the remediation of Cd-DDs co-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-qiang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Sudharshan S, Naidu R, Mallavarapu M, Bolan N. DDT remediation in contaminated soils: a review of recent studies. Biodegradation 2012; 23:851-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s10532-012-9575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rangachary L, Rajagopalan RP, Singh TM, Krishnan MH. PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DDT-DEHYDROHALOGENASE FROMPseudomonas putidaT5. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 42:60-76. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2011.563639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Nguyen ATP, Sato Y, Iwasaki T, Miyauchi K, Tokuda M, Kasai D, Masai E, Fukuda M. Characterization of the 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) degradation system in Janibacter sp. TYM3221. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:532-9. [PMID: 22142728 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial degradation of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) has been previously reported, however, its degradation enzyme system has not been characterized. In this study, a DDE-degrading bacterium, Janibacter sp. TYM3221, was isolated and characterized. Transformation of DDE was demonstrated by TYM3211 resting cells grown in LB in the presence and absence of biphenyl. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed five metabolites of DDE containing a meta-ring cleavage product and 4-chlorobenzoic acid, suggesting that TYM3221 degrades DDE to 4-chlorobenzoic acid via a meta-ring cleavage product. A gene cluster, bphAaAbAcAd, which codes for biphenyl dioxygenase subunits, was cloned from TYM3221. A mutant strain with a bphAa-gene inactivation did not grow on biphenyl, and showed no DDE degradation activity. These results indicate that in strain TYM3221, the bphAa-coded biphenyl dioxygenase is involved not only in the metabolism of biphenyl but also in the degradation of DDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi Phuong Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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Wang GL, Bi M, Liang B, Jiang JD, Li SP. Pseudoxanthomonas jiangsuensis sp. nov., a DDT-degrading bacterium isolated from a long-term DDT-polluted soil. Curr Microbiol 2011; 62:1760-6. [PMID: 21445548 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-011-9925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain wax(T), was isolated from DDT-contaminated soil in Yangzhou, China. Growth of strain wax(T) was observed at 10-45°C (optimum 30°C) and pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0). The predominant fatty acids were iso C(15:0) (32.21%) and anteiso C(15:0) (22.2%). The strain contained large amounts of the polar lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol, but small amounts of an unknown amino-group-containing polar lipid and phospholipids were also present. The major quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) and the G + C content of the genomic DNA was 67.12 ± 0.8 mol.%. The phylogenetic tree shows that strain wax(T) clustered within the genus Pseudoxanthomonas. Isolate wax(T) showed moderate 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Pseudoxanthomonas broegbernensis B1616/1(T) (98.3%), P. suwonensis 4M1(T) (98.2%), P. daejeonensis TR6-08(T) (98%), P. koreensis TR7-09(T) (97.7%), P. kaohsiungensis J36(T) (97.5%), P. mexicana AMX 26B(T) (97.2%), and P. japonensis 12-3(T) (97%). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain wax(T) and Pseudoxanthomonas type strains were low, e.g., P. koreensis TR7-09(T) (25.9%), P. broegbernensis B1616/1(T) (36.4%), P. suwonensis 4M1(T) (27.7%), P. daejeonensis TR6-08(T) (40%), P. kaohsiungensis J36(T) (20.4%), P. mexicana AMX 26B(T) (29.0%), P. japonensis 12-3(T) (33.3%). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic data and molecular properties, strain wax(T) represents a novel species within the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, for which the name Pseudoxanthomonas jiangsuensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is wax(T) (=DSM 22398(T) = CGMCC 1.10137(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Department of Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Degradation of chlorinated pesticide DDT by litter-decomposing basidiomycetes. Biodegradation 2011; 22:1075-86. [PMID: 21380735 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-011-9464-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
One hundred and two basidiomycete strains (93 species in 41 genera) that prefer a soil environment were examined for screening of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) biodegradation. Three strains within two litter-decomposing genera, Agrocybe and Marasmiellus, were selected for their DDT biotransformation capacity. Eight metabolites; 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), two monohydroxy-DDTs, monohydroxy-DDD, 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol, putative 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol and two unidentified compounds were detected from the culture with Marasmiellus sp. TUFC10101. A P450 inhibitor, 1-ABT, inhibited the formation of monohydroxy-DDTs and monohydroxy-DDD from DDT and DDD, respectively. These results indicated that oxidative pathway which was catalyzed by P450 monooxygenase exist beside reductive dechlorination of DDT. Monohydroxylation of the aromatic rings of DDT (and DDD) by fungal P450 is reported here for the first time.
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Russell RJ, Scott C, Jackson CJ, Pandey R, Pandey G, Taylor MC, Coppin CW, Liu JW, Oakeshott JG. The evolution of new enzyme function: lessons from xenobiotic metabolizing bacteria versus insecticide-resistant insects. Evol Appl 2011; 4:225-48. [PMID: 25567970 PMCID: PMC3352558 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2010.00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we compare the evolutionary routes by which bacteria and insects have evolved enzymatic processes for the degradation of four classes of synthetic chemical insecticide. For insects, the selective advantage of such degradative activities is survival on exposure to the insecticide, whereas for the bacteria the advantage is simply a matter of access to additional sources of nutrients. Nevertheless, bacteria have evolved highly efficient enzymes from a wide variety of enzyme families, whereas insects have relied upon generalist esterase-, cytochrome P450- and glutathione-S-transferase-dependent detoxification systems. Moreover, the mutant insect enzymes are less efficient kinetically and less diverged in sequence from their putative ancestors than their bacterial counterparts. This presumably reflects several advantages that bacteria have over insects in the acquisition of new enzymatic functions, such as a broad biochemical repertoire from which new functions can be evolved, large population sizes, high effective mutation rates, very short generation times and access to genetic diversity through horizontal gene transfer. Both the insect and bacterial systems support recent theory proposing that new biochemical functions often evolve from 'promiscuous' activities in existing enzymes, with subsequent mutations then enhancing those activities. Study of the insect enzymes will help in resistance management, while the bacterial enzymes are potential bioremediants of insecticide residues in a range of contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Scott
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Rinku Pandey
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Jian-Wei Liu
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Li H, Ling W, Lin C. Fishpond sediment-borne DDTs and HCHs in the Pearl River Delta: characteristics, environmental risk and fate following the use of the sediment as plant growth media. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:1474-1480. [PMID: 21195548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Investigation was made to characterize the fishpond sediment-borne DDTs and HCHs in a dyke-pond integrated agriculture-aquaculture system. Microcosm experiment was conducted to track the fate of DDTs and HCHs following the use of the sediment as plant growth media. The ratios of DDT/DDE+DDD, o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT and DDD/DDE were over 4, over 2 and nearly 2, respectively. These suggest that fresh DDT inputs from dicofol application are likely and anaerobic decomposition was the major pathway of DDT degradation. The sediments had higher percentage of δ-HCH and lower percentage of γ-HCH, compared to technical HCH. The levels of both DDTs and HCHs were higher in the sediments, as compared to those in the estuarine sediments and fishpond sediments in non-traditional dyke-pond system. The sediment-borne DDTs and HCHs posed an environmental threat to the local ecosystem. Upon its use as plant growth media, the majority of DDTs was retained in the soil while <1/3 of the original soil-borne DDTs were lost; no leaching loss was recorded and plant uptake was negligible. Only <20% of the original soil-borne HCHs were retained in the soil while leaching loss accounted for 1.24%; nearly 79% of the original soil-borne HCHs disappeared as a result of HCHs degradation and possibly volatilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashou Li
- Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Guo ZW, Chen SL, Xiao JH. Organochlorine pesticide residues in bamboo shoot. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:593-596. [PMID: 21218497 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenobiotic organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are a major environmental problem because of their historic widespread use, pronounced persistence against chemical and biological degradation, and bioaccumulation in the food chain. Pesticide use is prevalent in the production of edible bamboo shoots, which are exported widely from China. To evaluate the quality of Chinese bamboo shoots we determined the residual content of some OCPs in shoot samples. RESULTS Three types of OCPs-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), 1,1,1-trichlor-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB)-were detected in bamboo shoots from Zhejiang province, China. Detection rates were 100%, 100% and 75% for HCH, DDT and PCNB, respectively. However, the average residue concentration did not exceed the maximum residue limit for pesticides detected in food in China (50 µg kg(-1) ). In terms of residue concentrations of the pesticides, 82.14% of the bamboo shoot samples could be classified as safe. CONCLUSION While all sampled bamboo shoots contained OCP, most (82.14%) were safe for consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wu Guo
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forest, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang 311400, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Xiao P, Mori T, Kamei I, Kondo R. A novel metabolic pathway for biodegradation of DDT by the white rot fungi, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia brevispora. Biodegradation 2010; 22:859-67. [PMID: 21184141 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-010-9443-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) was used as the substrate for a degradation experiment with the white rot fungi Phlebia lindtneri GB-1027 and Phlebia brevispora TMIC34596, which are capable of degrading polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Pure culture of P. lindtneri and P. brevispora with DDT (25 μmol l(-1)) showed that 70 and 30% of DDT, respectively, disappeared in a low-nitrogen medium after a 21-day incubation period. The metabolites were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both fungi metabolized DDT to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)acetic acid (DDA) and 4,4-dichlorobenzophenone (DBP). Additionally, DDD was converted to DDA and DBP. DDA was converted to DBP and 4,4-dichlorobenzhydrol (DBH). While DBP was treated as substrate, DBH and three hydroxylated metabolites, including one dihydroxylated DBP and two different isomers of monohydroxylated DBH, were produced from fungal cultures, and these hydroxylated metabolites were efficiently inhibited by the addition of a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide. These results indicate that the white rot fungi P. lindtneri and P. brevispora can degrade DBP/DBH through hydroxylation of the aromatic ring. Moreover, the single-ring aromatic metabolites, such as 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzyl alcohol and 4-chlorobenzoic acid, were found as metabolic products of all substrate, demonstrating that the cleavage reaction of the aliphatic-aryl carbon bond occurs in the biodegradation process of DDT by white rot fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xiao
- Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Fang H, Dong B, Yan H, Tang F, Yu Y. Characterization of a bacterial strain capable of degrading DDT congeners and its use in bioremediation of contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 184:281-289. [PMID: 20828928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A bacterial strain DDT-6 (D6) capable of utilizing dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) (DDTs) as its sole carbon and energy source was isolated and identified as Sphingobacterium sp. The degradation of DDTs by strain D6 in mineral salt medium and in field soil was investigated. The half-lives of the degradation of DDTs increased with increasing concentration ranging from 1 to 50 mg L(-1). Favorable degradation conditions for DDTs by strain D6 were found to be pH 7.0 and 30°C. The degradation of DDTs by strain D6 was found to be statistically significantly enhanced (p ≤ 0.05) by the addition of glucose. Based on the metabolites detected, a pathway was proposed for DDT degradation in which it undergoes dechlorination, hydrogenation, dioxygenation, decarboxylation, hydroxylation, and phenyl ring-cleavage reactions to complete the mineralization process. The addition of strain D6 into the contaminated soils was found to statistically significantly enhance (p ≤ 0.05) the degradation of DDTs. The results indicate that the isolate D6 can be used successfully for the removal or detoxification of residues of DDTs in contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Hu Yan
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Feifan Tang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yunlong Yu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Valenzuela J, Bumann U, Cespedes R, Padilla L, Gonzalez B. Degradation of Chlorophenols by Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134(pJP4) in Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 63:227-32. [PMID: 16535488 PMCID: PMC1389102 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.1.227-232.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134(pJP4) to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and other chlorophenols in a bleached kraft mill effluent was studied. The efficiency of degradation and the survival of strain JMP134 and indigenous microorganisms in short-term batch or long-term semicontinuous incubations performed in microcosms were assessed. After 6 days of incubation, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (400 ppm) or 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (40 to 100 ppm) were extensively degraded (70 to 100%). In short-term batch incubations, indigenous microorganisms were unable to degrade such of compounds. Degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by strain JMP134 was significantly lower at 200 to 400 ppm of compound. This strain was also able to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol when bleached Kraft mill effluent was amended with mixtures of these compounds. On the other hand, the chlorophenol concentration and the indigenous microorganisms inhibited the growth and survival of the strain in short-term incubations. In long-term (>1-month) incubations, strain JMP134 was unable to maintain a large, stable population, although extensive 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation was still observed. The latter is probably due to acclimation of the indigenous microorganisms to degrade 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Acclimation was observed only in long-term, semicontinuous microcosms.
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Li FB, Li XM, Zhou SG, Zhuang L, Cao F, Huang DY, Xu W, Liu TX, Feng CH. Enhanced reductive dechlorination of DDT in an anaerobic system of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria and iron oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1733-1740. [PMID: 20031285 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The transformation of DDT was studied in an anaerobic system of dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria (Shewanella decolorationis S12) and iron oxide (alpha-FeOOH). The results showed that S. decolorationis could reduce DDT into DDD, and DDT transformation rate was accelerated by the presence of alpha-FeOOH. DDD was observed as the primary transformation product, which was demonstrated to be transformed in the abiotic system of Fe(2+)+alpha-FeOOH and the system of DIRB+alpha-FeOOH. The intermediates of DDMS and DBP were detected after 9 months, likely suggesting that reductive dechlorination was the main dechlorination pathway of DDT in the iron-reducing system. The enhanced reductive dechlorination of DDT was mainly due to biogenic Fe(II) sorbed on the surface of alpha-FeOOH, which can serve as a mediator for the transformation of DDT. This study demonstrated the important role of DIRB and iron oxide on DDT and DDD transformation under anaerobic iron-reducing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F B Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Pollution Integrated Control, Guangdong Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Wang G, Zhang J, Wang L, Liang B, Chen K, Li S, Jiang J. Co-metabolism of DDT by the newly isolated bacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas sp. wax. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:431-8. [PMID: 24031514 PMCID: PMC3768685 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220100002000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial degradation of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) is the most promising way to clean up DDT residues found in the environment. In this paper, a bacterium designated as wax, which was capable of co-metabolizing DDT with other carbon sources, was isolated from a long-term DDT-contaminated soil sample by an enrichment culture technique. The new isolate was identified as a member of the Pseudoxanthomonas sp., based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical properties, as well as by 16S rRNA gene analysis. In the presence of 100 mg l(-1) glucose, the wax strain could degrade over 95% of the total DDT, at a concentration of 20 mg l(-1), in 72 hours, and could degrade over 60% of the total DDT, at a concentration of 100 mg l(-1), in 144 hours. The wax strain had the highest degradation efficiency among all of the documented DDT-degrading bacteria. The wax strain could efficiently degrade DDT at temperatures ranging from 20 to 37°C, and with initial pH values ranging from 7 to 9. The bacterium could also simultaneously co-metabolize 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD), 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichlorethylene (DDE), and other organochlorine compounds. The wax strain could also completely remove 20 mg kg(-1) of DDT from both sterile and non-sterile soils in 20 days. This study demonstrates the significant potential use of Pseudoxanthomonas sp. wax for the bioremediation of DDT in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiandong Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, Key Lab of Microbiological Engineering of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Thiele JH, Simmonds RS, Boul HL. Recalcitrance of DDE (2,2‐BIS‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐1,1 dichloroethylene) and DPE (1,1‐diphenylethylene) to cometabolic aerobic biodegradation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00207239908711231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kuhad RC, Johri AK, Singh A, Ward OP. Bioremediation of Pesticide-Contaminated Soils. SOIL BIOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-05794-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ogawa N, Miyashita K, Chakrabarty AM. Microbial genes and enzymes in the degradation of chlorinated compounds. CHEM REC 2003; 3:158-71. [PMID: 12900936 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.10059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms are well known for degrading numerous natural compounds. The synthesis of a multitude of chlorinated compounds by the chemical industry and their release into the natural environment have created major pollution problems. Part of the cause of such pollution is the inability of natural microorganisms to efficiently degrade synthetic chlorinated compounds. Microorganisms are, however, highly adaptable to changes in the environment and have consequently evolved the genes that specify the degradation of chlorinated compounds to varying degrees. Highly selective laboratory techniques have also enabled the isolation of microbial strains capable of utilizing normally recalcitrant highly chlorinated compounds as their sole source of carbon and energy. The evolution and role of microbial genes and enzymes, as well as their mode of regulation and genetic interrelationships, have therefore been the subjects of intense study. This review emphasizes the genetic organization and the regulation of gene expression, as well as evolutionary considerations, regarding the microbial degradation of chlorobenzoates, chlorocatechols, and chlorophenoxyacetic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ogawa
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
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Bidlan R, Manonmani H. Aerobic degradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by Serratia marcescens DT-1P. Process Biochem 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(02)00066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Quensen JF, Tiedje JM, Jain MK, Mueller SA. Factors controlling the rate of DDE dechlorination to DDMU in Palos Verdes margin sediments under anaerobic conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2001; 35:286-291. [PMID: 11347599 DOI: 10.1021/es0012873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediments off the coast of the Palos Verdes Peninsula in California have been designated a Superfund site primarily because of the presence of DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene]. For decades, it was believed that DDE was not microbially transformed, but anaerobic bacteria in the Palos Verdes sediments reductively dechlorinate DDEto DDMU [1-chloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethene], which is also found in the sediments. The effects of electron donor to sulfate ratio, available carbon, sampling sites, sediment depth, and temperature on the rate and extent of DDE dechlorination in anaerobic Palos Verdes sediment microcosms were investigated. Dechlorination rates varied, depending on the site and depth from which the sediments were collected, but DDE dechlorination occurred with sediments from all locations studied. Sulfate and low temperatures slowed dechlorination, but in the presence of sulfate and at in situ temperature, the dechlorination rates observed in the microcosms agree well with the observed rate of DDE disappearance from the Palos Verdes margin sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Quensen
- MBI International, Lansing, Michigan 48909-0609, USA.
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Hay AG, Focht DD. Transformation of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) by Ralstonia eutropha strain A5. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2000; 31:249-253. [PMID: 10719206 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00690.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is presented demonstrating the ability of Ralstonia eutropha A5 to degrade 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDD) aerobically. Strain A5 was able to effect significant transformation of [(14)C]DDD: the hexane extractable radioactivity decreased to approximately 50% of the controls while more than 25% of the total radioactivity became associated with the acidified culture supernatant. There was also an increase in the amount of radioactivity associated with the cell pellet when compared to the biotic control. A meta-fission pathway for the degradation of DDD is proposed based on the recovery of seven chlorinated metabolites identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- AG Hay
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Aislabie J, Davison AD, Boul HL, Franzmann PD, Jardine DR, Karuso P. Isolation of Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1, which metabolizes 1, 1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene when induced with biphenyl. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:5607-11. [PMID: 10584027 PMCID: PMC91767 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.12.5607-5611.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrabacter sp. strain DDE-1, able to metabolize 1,1-dichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE) in pure culture when induced with biphenyl, was enriched from a 1-1-1-trichloro-2, 2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane residue-contaminated agricultural soil. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of culture extracts revealed a number of DDE catabolites, including 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dichloropropenoic acid, 2-(4'-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxy acetic acid, 2-(4'-chlorophenyl) acetic acid, and 4-chlorobenzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aislabie
- Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand.
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